The Daily Worker Newspaper, February 20, 1932, Page 5

DAILY WORKER, NEW YORK, SATURDAY, FEBRUARY 20, 1932 Japanese Set Ub Maachuna Puppet State As Military Base Against Soviet Union Chinese Militarists Aid Imperialists In Loot- ing Northeastern Provinces of China A Shanghai dispatch to the New York Times reports high Japanese officials in Shanghai Japanese military and naval operations in C ‘ing China into regional weak wader the control of whe variou imperialists of the United States, England, France and Italy have no intention of permitting Japan to grab all the loot in China. The dispatch states: “In fact, in frank discussions of the present situation, individuals of prime importance in Japanese circles at Shanghai admit without: reservation that Japan, her pati- ence with China exhaysted, has embarked upon a definite policy of shattering what is known as China into regional weak areas. TheSe spokesmen no longer: make a@ secret of the fact tha. Japan’s next field of ope~ations probably will be in the Can: atow area, to be quickly followed by aggres- sive tactics around Peiping and Tientsin. The Japanese think Tsingtao, in Shantung, will fall in- to their lap like a ripe plum.” Adhering To Tanaka War Plans ‘The Japanese are openly following | the line iaid down in the secret Ta- naka document presented to the Jap- anese Emperor in 1927 by the then Japanese premier, M. Tanaka, This document clearly expressed the fear of a strong united China.- It de- clares: “A more dangerous factor is the fact that the Chinese people may wake up one fine day,.. When we remember that the Chinese are eur only purchasers, we must. fear that. day when China unites and her industry begins to flourish... We must from now onwards pursv our own military ends and seize the heart of Manchuria and Mon- golia by divers ways, in order to | be able on the one hand to des- | troy the military, political and eco- nomic development of China.” Prevare War Against Sovict Union The tremendous growth of the Ccmmunist movement in China, the existence of the powerful C; s Soviet Republic and the Chinese Red Army have convinced ‘the Japanese imperialists that the attemnt to par- “tition China and subjugate the Chin- ese masses must be made now or never. In this, the United States, British and French .. imperialist: wholeheartedly agree althotgh hav- ing sharp differences as to how the partition is to be carried: out, that is, how the loot is to be di b The Japanese already e seincd ‘They have oédiipied the churia city of EH: e center of the which Nerth is in prep’ inst the Sov- to the carried out | $ provocation egainst the | jet Union. In view ot | lowing statement | jocument is of | | ef the whole ¥ “if the Chinese-Eastern Rail- | Way belonging to Soviet Ru | develops im this district, then our new conti entel policy will receive a blow which will inevitably bring about coril with Soviet Russia in the near future. In this case w2 shall again be obliged to play ed in the’ Russ > Chinese-East 2 ours just ‘horian Rail- and we shall | must | admit the inevitability of war with | Russia on the fields of North Man- | or later we shall | ave to fight against. Soviet Rus- | our: selze Kirin as we If we look into the future w became way Set Up Puppet State In Manchuria With the aid of Chivese traitors, in open admissions that the ina aim at split- areas. These areas would be s imperialist powers, since the the Japanese have just organized their Manchurian thefts into a so- called “independent” state. A declar- ation has been issued declaring the separation of Manchuria from China. The declaration is signed by the fol- lowing Chinese traitors: ‘Tsang Shih-yi, Japanese puppet governor of Mukden; Hsi-Hsia, Jap- anese puppet governor of Kirin; Chang Ching-hui, Japanese puppet governor of Harbin, two Mongolian princes, Ling Sheng and Chi Wang, and Gen. Ma Chen-shan, who a few months «go callously sacrificed thou- sands of Chinese soldiers in a fake “resistance” to the Japanese inva- ders, Tang Yu-lin, governor of Jehol, has also signed the declaration, thereby including Johal in the new Japanese puppet state. With typical imperialist cynicism, the Japarese have named the new state “Anku,” “Land of Peace.” How the Japanese imperialists intend to rob the massesof Manchuria and In- nér Mongolia is clearly expressed in the Tanaka Document as follows: “When there will be enough of our people in Inner and Outer Mongolia, we shall buy up the land, paying for it one-tenth part of its true value... When we have a large section of the land in our | hands, there will no longer be any question as to whether Mongolia belongs to the Japanese or to the Mongolians.” . To Use Koreans, Then Rob Them | \ ‘The oppressed Korean masses are to be used as catspaws in carrying out this brutal looting and are then to, be robbed themselves. The Ta- naka document states: “If the Koreans ccme to this dis- trict (Southern Manchuria), we must offer them financial support through our trust societies and other financial organizations. These organizatibns must have property rights, and the Koreans will be limited to the xight to work upon the land... Thus we shall, ynno- ticed, gain the control of the best tice plan ms which our immi- erants, ie., the Japanese, must re- ceive. They will have to displace the Koreans who, in their turn, will seek new Jands which, in the ature, will also come into the hands of our peor! Manchurisn Pai ms Continue Heroic Fight The Tanska document is fully borne out by the following report from Mulden: “The new Manchurian State will not attempt to be purely Chinese, but will welcome land ownership y Japanese, Korean and other na- tionalities. In view of this depart- ure the Japanese government plans to assist 150,000 Japanese fami- lies to emigrate to Manchuria an- nually for the next ten years, which plan admittedly means an influx of virtually half a million Japan- ese yearly under government as- sistance, or 5,000,000 by 1924.” ‘The Manchurian masses are giv- ing their answer to-the brutal Jap- anese imperialists and their Chinese tools in wide-spread partisan strug- gles all over Manchuria. Over 200,- 000 partican troops are waging guer- ,tilla warfare ageinst the Japanese invaders, the activ says: “The military admits that yes- terday and today Manchurian rail- were broken in seventeen places. The bandit soldiers hold- ing the city of Tunghua number 1,800 and another thousand are marching to join them, according to reports by Japanese aerial scouts. Unconfirmed reports say the Japanese army is attacking Tunghua. A Mutden dispatch admits es of the partisans. It UNITED MINE WORKERS HEAD ADMITS STRIKE BREAKING ROLE, WONTINDED FROM PAG! ONED operators to build up a scab company union against them. ‘That the chief aim of the coal operators and their government offi- | cials in trying to revive the United Mine Workers, is to try to break the National Miners Union and the min- ers’ struggles against starvation. This is clear in the statement made by Shellhorse, “The only thing the National Min- ers Union has in view in working as they have in these coal fields is to fall in on a bunch of poor, illitezate | people, who are badiy in need of food and clothing and use their smooth-tongued methods on them, telling them that they will feed, clothe and protect them if they will adhere to the teachings of the Com- munist organizations. f “They are taught that there is neither God, a supreme being or a ‘rereafter.” Shellhorse gave the official back- *g of his strikebreaking organiza- “1 In inciting p3oinst the striking ziners and the National Miners Micon and the Workers Interna- tema] Relief, ‘I, 48 ors meter of the United Mine Wo-t*.'s cf Ay which is the only mie cy ‘on of Amer- Joa actts + o lag ‘ds such, ap- prove of the attitude of the citize:: and the law enforcement agencies of Bell and Harlan Counties in Ken- tucky in driving out the Red move- ment which has created violence in ; the coal fields of southeastern Ken- tucky.” ‘The Workers International Relief fbranded Shellhorse's “relief” cam- paign as a pice of strikebreaking and no relief for the miners. The WIR declared that it was the organization duly elected by the miners at the Pinevile convention to mobilize the workers of the country for mass re- One Dead, 2 Dying of Starvation in Cal. MERCED, Calif—The- dying gasps of John Morton, a starving worker tragically mocked the deliberate lies of the capitalist politicians and their chorus of presses who cheerfully an- | nounced “No one will die of starva- | tion this winter.” Besides this worker, two more are dying from starvation in the county hospital, by the tite this news dis- patch reaches the Daily they may already be dead. 450 WORKERS JOIN The Party recruiting drive has , gained strength in the last two weeks, Reports received from ‘many districts show that the com- trades have proceed seriously to correct their former shortcomings in the campaign. At the same time much is yet to be done to raise the membership drive to the ne- (CONTINUED FROM PAGE ONE? ment Insurance Bill aims to protect the living standards of the part-time | workers, by providing insurance that will cover all time last through part- time work, this scheme of the ex- ecutives of six states puts a premium upon and rewards employers who in- stitute a stagger system for all work- ers. This is called “stabilization” and exempts employers from payments to workers who lose “only” up to 40 per cent of their earnings through un- employment. Thus this plan becomes a measure for increasing part-time employment. Whereas the Workers Unemploy- ment Insurance Bill protects workers from discrimination because of re- fusal to scab, the plan of the bosses is an obvious strike-breaking meas- ure. Instead of Federal or State Un- employment Insurance, it provides for “reserves built up by the employ- ers.” These are manifestly to be used in order to strengthen the blacklist and strike breaking machinery of the bosses. It will be used to destrby trade union organizations and rates. ‘This is already indicated in the pro- vision that workers whose normal earnings are $200 a month or more, shall not be entitled to insurance. Un- like the” Workers’ Bill agricultural and other workers are likewise dis- criminated against. Instead of workers administration, the plan calls for administration by bureaus with equal representation of employers, the public and “Labor,” This means the usual arrangements whereby the majority is assured to the bocses even if the “Labor” repre- sentatives were a real representative | of the workers. The Commission itself makes clear | concocted and whose interests it is intended to serve. It states that “it is not, in our judgment, sound to im- | pose an onerous burden of cost on American industry.” Like all agents and representatives of the profit in- terests of the employers, they do not hesitate, however, to put the burden upon the toiling masses. Every point and evety word in this vicious plan is a direct blow against the very lives and existence of the workers, em- ployed and unemployed. The Workers Unemployment In- surance Bill is concerned with the “Unemployment Insurance” in Name— - Starvation Program in Fact: right to live of the millions of toil- ers. The plan of the governors’ commission is clearly concerned on- ly with the preservation of the wealth and profits of the parasites and of their right to rob, exploit and strave the masses. The Unemployed Councils call upon all workers and all their organizatinos to conduct a most determined, mili- tant struggle against this latest nad more dastardly starvation plan which masks itself behind the popular de- mand for unemployment insurance. This dangerous plan of the bosses must be everywhere exposed and de-' nounced before the broadest masses. Send resolutions to this effect to the sovernors and levislatures of the six states represented in this commis-ion. Publish and circulate widely these resolutions. f COMMUNIST PARTY IN THE LAST WEEK cessary high level specifically in quality and in the number of the shop nuclei organized. Five Shop Nuclei in District 8 District 5 takes the leading place in shop nuclei. Up to Feb. 8 the comrades succeeded in organizing five new shop nuclei. Some of the new party members are working in shops which employ 2000 and 3000 workers. Besides the five shop nu- clei already organized, 37 workers have been recruited from large shops as a basis for shop nuclei. Out of a total quota of 600 new Party mem- bers, 411 have already been taken in- to the Party. Among them 53 Ne- gtoes—which is not enough—and 18 members of the A. F. of L, The com- rades in District 5 should bend their energy on building more shop nuclei in the larger factories. 169 new members joined the Party in the last two weeks. Not Enough Shop Nuclei In Dist. 8 While the general results of the recruiting drive in District 8 are sat- | isfactory — 915 new Party members out of a total of 1000 up to Feb, 6 —the quality of the drive is far from satisfactory. Only four shop nuclei have been organized. True, thé comrades re- Port, 24 recruits from large shops as a basis for shop nuclei, bug so far this is only a promise and the Party has been too long fed on promises of this kind. Another point is the in- sufficient number of employed work- Steel Workers Ask for $19.00 Instead of Citizenship Papers YOUNGSTOWN, Ohio.—Hunger is forcing scores of steel workers here | to forgo taking out final citizens pap- | ers, after having filed their first pap- ers for naturalization. Instead they are asking the United States govern- ment to return the $19 they paid for the papers. Some of these workers have joined the Comumnist Party, knowing that a membership card there means en- roliment in an organization that fights for the interest of the foreign born workers on every front, for un- employment relief, against wage cuts, ; against deportation ete. ‘EYE CLINIC IS | RELIEF RACKET | \Jobless Must Pay for Their Treatment (By a Worker Corresnondent) CLEVELAND, O.—Here is a sam- rle of the racket they play against the workers at the Mount Sinai char- ity hospital in Cleveland. On Janu- ary 10 I went there to have the len- ses in my glasses renewed since those I now have are useless and injurious to my eyes. I cannot see without the aid of glasses. This was the pro- cedfre: you lin eup at a desk where you are questione dfor a half an hour as to how, when and why you Trade Unio ‘The policy, the principle of Lenin- ism in the trade union move to bind the trade uni Party as closely as possil. them through fractions. For tk ory of trade union neutrality, as dis- tinguished from the theory as to the need for close connections between the unions and the revolutionary so- cial democracy (ie. the Communist Parties now, author), leads inevitably to the preference of such means.. .of improvement (of the workers’ rial standards) that blunt the work- ing class struggle.” (Ibid.) Fighting against the reformists Mensheviks who tore the trade w movement away from the revolution ary path of development, Lenin like- wise fought the “lefts’., who under- estimated the significance of e unions and the need for working in them. He untiringly returned to trade union questions, proving the need for working in the trade unions seeing that, the revolutionary working class Party must be found wherever the working masses are found. He spoke thus before the war, and returned again and again to this line after the ms W nate- and ion 1g | sky We call unon the workers and their ers in proportion with the unem- oreanizations ot answer this Istest at- ployed and the still more smaller |in whose behalf this plan has been| tack unon thelr livine standords, with & renewed and intencified camnaton in simnort, of the Wartarg Tnamninv- Fain gat mil. Mame af siemotnreg and thancande nf ' mant Trevrance RUT, pntiantive pndqreamante for the Pil which pravidne far neawninwment tne euranne enol ta fol wanne atthe nenance af the hacese and ernwaenmant Reraniva mastinng damanetentiang Anhatag whara the nrauictong af the Uiarkare PHT eon he contracted ty the ghom inenwanne sshame of the aavermore’ eammiccian and the mary cimtlon enhamag neanaced hy the so- niaMete Wrataltag pnd all anther dome aenmag wha want ote to make no- Heal canital out of the micerv of the macees, even white they hatn the! ages pit ower the nattew of macs | hrneer and destitution for the work- ers. Only the Workers? Themntovment Insvronce Fill is baced on the rivht of the workers to live; to nreserve their Iivine standards and improve their conditions, Only through united, militant, determ'ned strug- gle can the workers establi-h and saferuard these rivhts. Only thru such strugele will the workers achieve the demand for unemploy- ment insurance enal to full wages pelo wie tal perder governmenf. NATTONAL COMM., UNEMPLOYED COUNCILS OF U. 5. Herbert Benjamin, Nat'l Sec'y (CONTIN ED PROM PAGH ONE) New York Times admits that the United States imperialists are using their regular troops and armed vol- unteers against the revolutionary Chi- nese masses of Shanghal, The dis- patch states: “The thirty-first United States over the defense of the remaining front line which had been held by Shanhai volunteers. The latter hereafter will be on guard solely in the interior of the Settlemerit, assisting in policing the streets and quelling food riots.” Same Imperialists Who Shoot, Club Hunsry Workers in U. 8. The Wall Street Hunger Govern- ment is playing in China the same brutal role it plays here at home in attacking the struggles of the work- ers, shooting down unemployed work- ers demonstrating against eviction, starvation and imperialist war. Workers of America! «The attack of the Chinese masses is part of the world-wide capitalist offensive against the world wotking class. American capitalism, at home and abroad, is attempting to get out of | the erisis at the expense of the life biood and misery of the toiling masses, white and colored, native and colonial. World capitalism is brewing an- other world s!aughter more terrible and bloody than the last. In its attempt to get out of the crisis which is engulfing it, capitatism is now attacking the Chinese masses and preparing for armed interven- tion against the Soviet Union, Where unemployment, mass misery CHINESE RED ARMY TIGHTENING NET AROUND HANKOW Infantry at 3 p. m. yesterday took | ief of the striking miners and that’ and race hatred have been abolished. the distribution of reief is given in{ Workers! War against the Soviet accordance with the needs of the Union means war against the work- strikers, The notiona office of the Workers Internationa Reief in a statemeni declared that as against the strike- breaking tactics of the U. M, W. A. officias the rank and file of the Uni- ted Mine Workers in the Anthracite and the Illinois coal fields have res- ponded in masses to the relief cam- paign for the striking Kentucky miners. The WIR appealed to the tank and file of the UMWA to fur- ther meet the strikebreaking tactics of the subsidized UMWA officials in Kentucky by speedier mobliization for relief of the Kentucky miners and to rush funds, food and clothing to the Kentucky-Tennessee Striking Miners Relief Camnaion of thé Workers International Relief, y | ing-class, war against the - victories ; of your class in successfully building Socialism in the Soviet Union in sharp contrast to the disintegration of industry and growing mass un- employment in the capitalist coun- tries. Workers! Rally to the defense of your own class interests! De- mand hands off Soviet China! Hands off the Soviet Union! De- mand the withdrawal of all Amer- ican armed forces from China! Smash the war provocations a- gainst the Soviet Union! Demand all war funds for the unemployed! Intensify the fight against starva- tion, wage cuts and the lynch ter- ror in the United Stator! Prevent the export of munitions to impe- 4 trialist Japan! U. S. Removing Nationals From War Zone The United States and England are evacuating their nationals from the Hongkew and Yangtzepoo dis- tricts of the so-called International , Settlement at Shanghai in anticipa- tion of the threatened Japanese of- | fensive against the Chinese soldiers and masses in the Chapei district. The Japanese army is based or the International Settlement and the Chinese defenders of Shanghai have | given notice of their intention to, bombard the Japanese position in spite’ of the threats of the United States and British imperialists who are openly acting as a shield for the Japanese military operations. ‘The Chinese defenders already have opened fire on that part of the Set- tlement in which the Japanese forces are based. Fourth Annual Dance OFFICE WORKERS UNION Sun., Feb. 21, at 8 p. m.! NEW HARLEM CASINO 1i6th ST. and LENOX AYE, Refreshments Adm. 40c in Advance . At Door 50c Tickets to be cbtained at O.W.U., 80 East 11th St., Room 303 AATTGTS MAX BEDACHT Will Speak On “Capitalism and Planned Economy” Sun., Feb, 21, at 7p. m. NEW HART eet CASINO ‘Neth STREET and LENOX AVENUE Aussploes: English and Youth City Comm. INTERNATIONAL WORKERS ORDER Admission 15 Cente ——— ei number of workers recruited from the basic industries, in Chicago will have to pay more attention to the quality of the re- cruiting drive, Good Work In Mine Section, Dis- trict 9. Cities Lay Behind “This is the second best week in recruiting only surpassed inthe week of the Lenin Memorial’—this comes from district 9. And the comrades are right. A new mine unit was or- ganized in Ironton, Minn., with six members. This is in the Gau Gay- una Iron Range, where a great deal of manganese ore is mined. Now there are two units there, the first one in Crossbu has 11 members, _In the first week of February, 55 new members were recruited, among them 15 farmers and 6 miners. This brings the total recruited up untill February 9 to 340. ‘The report complains that the three large cities in the district, Minneapolis, St. Paul and Duluth are terribly behind this week in the drive. The comrades there should wake up and by doubled efforts make up for the lost time, MELROSE DAIRY ETARIAN RESTAURANT Comrades Will ‘Always Find it Pleasant to Dine et Our Place 1787 SOUTHERN BLVD., Bronz (near 174th Bt Station) fELEPHONE INTERVALF 9—9149 Large combination living and bedroom kitchen, steam heat, suite for 2, $25 per month, 293 Lenox Ave. Apt. 5. ‘The comrades | are, after which they tell you to go and sit down and wait until you are called on, war and the October revolution. Bolshevism was founded, said Lenin, ? “Firstly, and chiefly, in the struggle You are then called into an office against opportunism, which in 1914 and @ very anti-social wench will had completely developed into social- degrade and insult you with more chauvinism, completely going over to bersonal snooping, followed up be @ {he side of the bourgevisie against the demand of 25¢ for a card. I told yorking class. her I I er 1 had no money, being out of woturalty, this was the chief enemy “work for two years, I was then par- i aded before the eyé-doctor who con- of Bolshevism inside the labor move- ment. This has remained the chief fided that I make a deposit of $1.50 and when the glasses were ready 1 °?eMmy on an international scale. Sec. would have only to pay another $2.50 and the glasses would be mine. And while listening to this comforting news my guts were groaning with hunger and my hair greying over the worry of shelter for the night. ondly, Bolshevism was founded, grow. zed and was steeled in the prolo struggle against petty-bourgeois r lutionariness, which smacks of anar- chism, or borrows of it, which in all | things substantial differs from the conditions and requirements of tried | Those workers who were ignaront proletarian class struggle. Anarchism of the tricks of the social fakers of and opportunism are two deformities the ‘hospital were told to go and get hich “mutually supplement one an- the necessary 25¢ before they could other.” (Infantile Disease of ‘Leftism’ see the doctor. After seeing the doc- in Communism.”) tor he told them there was nothing wrong or mockingly advised that ‘hey go home and feed themselves Previous to and after the October to three good meals a day and every- evolution Lenin fought strenuously thing would be allright. ‘This cheap eainst “left” theories in the trade racket of stealing 25¢ from starving Uion movement. Both during the workers should be exposed. This red 1905-1907 revolution, as well as im~ tape and insults should be stopped, mediately after the October Reyolu- and only the workers can stop it. tion, there were those among the Bol- Refuse to pay these thieves 25¢ to Sheviks who did not realize the role of mock us! Workers, organize for free the trade unions in the revolutionary medical treatment! movement, who did not realize their significance as transmission belts from the Party to the masses, did not realize their educational-political role, either. Such “lefts” denied the need to organize unions and activities in them. We should note here that outside of Russia Rosa Luxemburg was one of these “lefts”. Rosa was highly valued by Lenin as a revolutionary, but at the same time he relentlessly exposed her mistakes. Left Theories. Intern’ Workers Order DENTAL DEPARTMENT 1 UNION SQUARE 8TH FLOOR AL Work Done Under Persons) Gare of DR. JOSEPTSON The affair that deserves the support of all class-con: workers! Annual Bazaar GIVEN BY International Labor Defense (N.Y. District) FEBRUARY 25th, 26th, 27th, 28th STAR 107th Street and Park Avenue Bring all articles for Bazaar to District Office Room 410, 799 Broadway Tickets:—Thursday 35 Cents—Friday and Saturday 50 Cents Sunday 35 Cents—Combination Ticket $1.00 LIVE IN A~ WORKERS COOPERATIVE COLONY |; After the October Revolution Lenin | had to fight both against the rights and against the “lefts”, in the Soviet trade union movement and in the trade union movement in capitalist countries. This is the period when he made the most speeches and wrote the most articles on trade union ques- tions Lenin elaborated the theory and tactics of the trade union move- ment in the epoch of Proletarian Rev- olution with exhaustive thoroughness, Here we will only describe the basic points of what Lenin left us, scious | At the very beginning of the Octo- ber Revolution some Bolsheviks put forward the idea that trade unions were superfluous under the Prole- tarian Dictatorship, that it was néc- CASINO Chester essary forthwith to make them state Lenin and the International n Movement PART 2%. bodies, nomic orgar fuse them with the state eco= In 1920-1921, during the | discussion on the trade unions, Trot~ and his supporters put forward the idea to immediately fuse the trade unions with the economic organs. On the other hand, the so-called “labor po: put forward the idea that the inistration of economy be completely transferred to the “Alle Russian Congress of Producers”, the various industries to be administered, accord: to the idea of Shlyapnikov, | who headed the “labor opposition”, by | ‘ | the corresponding trade unions, Trotskyists and the “labor op- position” equally, did not realize the role of ions of peas~ antry at the different stages of the revolution. They underestimated the importance of an alliance between the working class and the middle peas- jantry. Their deviations, their lines were also founded on an incorrect ‘ious | idea as to the relations between. the working class and its vanguard, the And hence Party. as to the incorrect idea between the Party and the t and likewise be- tween the Soviet organs and the trade unions, They did not understand the great and complicated question of the trade unigns as the school for com= munism. Their positions were anti- Party, anti-Leninist. This is what Lenin said on Decem~- ber 30, 1920, in his speech on the role ot the trade unions: “The ° trade unions are not only historically neces. sary, but are historically inevitable organizations of the industrial pro- letariat, which in the conditions of the Proletarian Dictatorship embrace it practically entirely.” (Collected Works, Rus, ed., Vol. XXVI, p. 63). Trotsky continually forgot this fun- damental argument. From this we see the extremely important role of the trade unions in carrying out the Pro- Jetarian Dictatorship. And this role is extremely peculiar. Embracing practically every single inglustrial worker, the trade union is an organ- ization of the ruling class—it is not a state organization, it is not an organ. ization of compulsion. The trade union is an “educational organiza- tion, an organization to draw in, to train, the workers. It is a school, a school for administration, for rule, a school for communism.” In this school have to deal with a certain extremely remarkable combination of what has remained from capitalism, what could not but remain, and that which is put forward, from their midst, by the advanced revolutionary detachments, so to say the revolu- tionary vanguard of the working class.” Not to understand this will inevitably lead to mistakes in solving the question as to the role of the trade unions. Works, Rus. ed. Vol XXVI, pp. 63-64.) The proletarian dictatorship and soe cialist construction can only be ene sured if the formally non-party unions “become communist in sube stance.” (Resolution of the Ninth Party Congress.) The vanguard, the Party, cannot effect the Proletarian Dictatorship if there is not such » foundation .as the unions. The pee culiar feature of this situation ts that “the trade unions create the connec~ tions between the vanguard and the masses, the trade unions by their days to-day work convince the masses, the masses of the class which alone is able to lead us from capitalism to communism.” At the same time “the trade unions are the ‘reservoir’ for state power. This is what the trade unions are in the transition period from capitalism to communism.” (Works, Vol. XXXVI, p. 64) (TO BE CONCLUDED.) Cafeteria 876 East Tremont Ave. (Cor. Southern Boulevard) Opening for Business Today, FEB. 20th Invites All Friends—Moderate Prices—Baking On Premises We have a limited number NO INVESTMENT NECESSARY — OPPOSITE BRONX PARK 2800 BRONX Comradely atmospnere—in this Cooperative Colony you wili find « library, athletic director, workroom for children, workers’ clubs « and various cultural activities Tel. 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Estabrook 8-0131 Freiheit Singing Societies SATURDAY EVENING, FEBRUARY 20 Mecca Temple, — 55th St. and 7th Ave. Choruses from New York, Chicago, Cleveland, Detroit,’ Philadelphia, Boston, Newark, Patterson, Providence, Fail River, ete., in revolutionary. songs Tickets 50c., 75c., $1.00 and $1.25—On gale in the Fretheit Office. 35 Bast 12th Street, 6th floor f