The Daily Worker Newspaper, December 5, 1931, Page 4

Ly rage Four Labor Under Planned Economy PART 1 j cent as regards the higher educational By IVAN A. KRAVAL instit end by 85 pr cent for the} Assistant Commissar for Labor of the | secon tec! 1 schools. Attena- U.S.S.R. and Director of the three times as large as orig- Labor Research Institute d the factory train- The following is taken from a re- and four and one-half | port made by Mr. Krayal at the | times as great in the workers’ facul- International Industrial Relations | ties. Association Conference on social in 01d the number atietudanteriy| economic planning, held at Am- /the higher institutions of learning| sterdam, Holland, in August was 109,000. By 1931 this had more : than trebled, totaling 358,000. In| 1914 the number in the elementary nd secondary trade and technical institutions totaled 237,000. In 1931} s|those in the technical and factory nools alone (oxclusive of vocational| vocational workshops, and | poannine i the So following } quirements of ag Kinds of skilled 1 is ke) totaled 1,808,000, or prac- at er tically seven times the pre-war total. labor powe: In addition, several million workers, @ rem employees, and collective farmers are tribui |at the present- time extending their | the education. by means of evening| training skilled workers schools, correspondence courses, etc. | gineers lifying w In 1931 the Soviet budget approp- pedinn <coetaica tae to more |fiated for workers’ education a sum skilled work; regulating wages for the | Seven and a half times the amount of labor; increasing | Spent in 1914 | ity and improving | Wages. to impr the} The planned system of socialist of the workers; ‘and| construction, the introduction of ting and carrying out a pro-| large numbers of people into produc- gram of health and safety measures. | tive labor, and the steady improve- Certain ulties have been and| ment in their skill as workers is re- atill being encountéfed in our} sulting in constant improvement in labor supply... Some of these are the material welfare and general result of the yery considerable labor | living conditions of the workers and ver alone is an | in a steady rise in their cultural lev who attempt |The well-being of the Soviet work- 1 cannot be measured by the are apulsion in our | ers stem indeed, a strange | amount of wages they receive. In the kind of “forced labor” which allows | Soviet Union wages.play a role which any worker to pass freely from one | cannot be gauged by the usual stan- branch of industry to another. | dards. The worker is paid “wages in The struggle against this tendency | accordance with the amount and is not easy and is carried on through | quality of his individual labor, but in the self-discipline of the workers. In| addition there exist a the majority of plants many workers | other forms of distribution of wealth, pledge themselves to stay in their| in which the collective nature of la- particular factory or plant until the | por comes to the fore. These include completion of the Five-Year Plan. | workers’ welfare funds, social insur- in this manner the more advanced | ance, funds for the training of indus- workers influence the more backward | trial workers, the construction. of workers through convincing example | houses, educational and health ser- ind direct aid | vices, and other socialized forms of Training New Workers. | wages on which billions of rubles are While new strata of workers are | expended. heing constantly drawn into the pro In these fields there has been an eess of social prod there are| exceptionally rapid rate of develop- no biind-alley. trad the Soviet | ment, as may be seen from. the table Union. ers doomed 10} below: re is a steady | advance in the skill of huge army | ef workers building up its industries. ‘This ie mi clearly scen in the de-/} velopment of. all sorts of chan Se] Wage Funds labor sy | been increasing steadily in the Soviet | monthly wages of less than 40 rubles | development of state farms and their | specialization and re-equipment have | been accompanied by increases in the .| workers in 1930 had already attained number of | Soviet volved an expenditure of 19,000,000 rubles in 1927-28. This sum increased |to 154,000,000 rubles in 1931, an in- |crease of over 700 per cent in the space of four years. But even “nominal wages” have Union. From 1924 to the first quarter |of 1931 average monthly wages of workers in census industry increased from 39,5 rubles to 90.7 rubles, or a gain of 130 per cent. In certain branches of industry the increase was | even. higher. In the Soviet Union there is from year to year a steady reduction in the proportion of low-paid workers. In 1930 the proportion of workers with amounted to only about one-eighth of that in 1923, while the proportion ot workers earning over’ 100 rubles was almost twenty times as great. Equally striking has been the im- provement registered in the living conditions of the workers employed on the state farms. The widespread wages paid to the workers they em- ploy. Thus, in 1931 the wage level on state farms is two and a half times that of 1928. It should be noted in this connection that on certain state farms, such as the “Giant” in the North Caucasus, the wages of the | the level of the average wages earned by industrial workers in that region. ‘This indicates that progress has been made in e¥iminating the gulf which has hitherto existed between the city and the village. Hours. The steady increase in wages has been accompanied by a decrease in working hours. In tsarist Russia workers sometimes worked 16 to 18 hours a day and a 10 or 13-hour day was the the general rule. It was only after the November Revolution that the 8-hour day became, both in law and in ptactice, the maximum working day for the adult population | and the 6-hour day the rnaximum for | minors and all persons employed in industries involving danger or injuri- jous to health. The length of the work- « P.C. in- crease ‘31 over °21-28 28-29 °20-30 1931 1927-28 (in million rubles) THE KENTUCKY MINE FIELDS “Aunt Mollie” Jackson, miner's wife, nurse, midwife, and folk singer of the eastern Kentucky coal fields, is here shown with Theodore Dreiser, famous novelist, before whom she sang her “Kentucky Miners’ Wives Raggedy Hungry Blues,” when he and other writers of the National Com- mittee for the Defense of Political Prisoners investigated starvation and terror among the miners. Aunt Mollie is now in New York City where she will share the platform «vin Dreiser, Dos Passes, Sherwood Anderson, Waldo Frank, Lewis Mumford and ovher celebrated writers at the “Har- lan Terror Protest Meeting” to be held in the Star Casino, Park Ave. and 107th St., Sunday, December 6th, at 2:30 p. m. At this meeting Aunt Mollie will tell of the events that led up to the indictment of 47 miners on false charges of murder and of 60 miners on charges of eriminal syndicalism for fighting starvation wages in the Har- lan County coal fields. The writers of the Drelser Committee were all indicted by the Harlan Grand Jury after they had held an open hearing in the heart of the strike zone. the second Five-Year Plan, ft Js fh- tended to establish a normal working day of six hours. In addition to the establishment of the seven-hour day there are also other factors which enter into short- ening the Soviet working day. These! include the right of the worker to take time off for regular meals, the time allowed off for nursing mothers, and the practice now being adopted in Soviet industry of allowing free periods of rest and physical exercise. (To be concluded) Harry Eisman Writes to An American Professor Editorial Note—The following me ten itays to catch up with the letter is an excellent comparison of rest of the class and assigned an the school system in the Soviet |... fe Uso, “Wits the ‘ecliool’ ayhtecn’ tn assistant teacher to teach me what the United States, It was written | Was weak in; while J, in return, by Harry Eismann, the Young | helped the teac! learn the English Pioneer who was arrested in New | language. . . « York for his activities in organizing the workers’ children, to his friend, H. W. L, Dana, 2 professor of lit- erature at Harvard University and great grandson of Henry Wads- worth Longfellow, the poet. ‘ * in So you can see that I am really happy here. My eighteenth birthday and the first anniversary of my being set free from ths American prison Rae Moscow enabling the workers to learn any | tdividual wage fund ... 7,801.0 9,640.0 12,508.0 15,3680 97.0 trade and obtain any technical train- | Ratio to 1927-28 ........ 100.0 135.0 1603 1970 > mg and knowledge they may seek. | socialized funds: The school 1930-31 witnessed | y_ social insurance ..... ceseee 980.1 1,176.6 1,514.0 2,173.0 1181 & tremendous development in the net-| 9 imdustrial workers welfare" .. 60.0 88.0 128.0 285.0 375.0 Work of general schools with @ view! 3 additional expenditures by the to carrying out the measures provid- enterprise (free municipal ser- ‘mg for universal elementary educa- | viees, promotion of cultural tion. The total number of students Saath, Cite ee 3558 4402 5746 679.6 91.0 {mn the elementary and secondary | 4 Housing ‘construction 419.7 510.9 595.0 1,117.0 1661 schools in 1930-31 amounted to 193| 5° pai cational fund 994.0 1,448.0 2,700.0 4,088.0 3113 —o ae Scared with 7 ae 6. Health services ceeedecces 5520 670.0 997.5 1,271.0 130.2 2 an 9 million in 1929. Dur- : iy the vest tow yeas the Gnelan. | 7. Socialized restaurants seteceeeree 10.0 : ae 65.0 feed ae ment of the network of trade and | Total <..cocceqeccccceoseess SONG 43501 GSTIA 9,736 1276 technical schools has advanced at a| patio to 1927-28 Teldec ceeee 100.0 1293 194.7 / 287.6 rate even more rapid than that of | patio to individual wage fund . 82 452° 835 (G84 the general schools. Vario ment decrees have re $ssued with the aim of extending the training of workers for all branches govern- | ly been | ince they include only expenditures for workers in industry and not those SB yrorkers in transportation, etc. *'The amounts given under items 2 and 3 are smaller than the actual, of the national economy. In this connection it may be noted €hat, while in the majority of the | all the component parts of what are branches of national economy. the | C@! Five-Year Plan is being carried out | Tul tm four and, in some cases, even in | Wil ®hree years, as regards the training | 107,000,000 rubles was spent on such "27-28 "28-29 @erried out.atan even more rapid| vacations; in 1931 the total rose to the | 364,000,000 rubles. Another such item @f workers for industry it is being pace. Thus, as early Schedules set by as 1931 the Five-Year Plan | is for 1932 had been exceeded by 70 perfactory training schools, which in- | seven-hour day. At the beginning of Auto Trade Is No Way Out of Crisis Complete bewilderment at the of the crisis, forded admission that their per- spective is in the direction of an tion of the crisis and complete of the theories that stimulation of the auto- mobile industry is the method by which the” capitalists can steer themselves present crisis is contained in a statements by leading figures in bile industry. Even the half-hearted predicti upturn in the automobile industry are qual- ified by the reservation that in any came the improvement will not exceed the level of 1931 by more than 15 per cent. Even increasé-materialize, im 1930, Still most important is the admission that the 15 per cent increase is dependent upon Thus, the hopelessly “economic recovery.” befuddled industrialists surrende} mer theory that the crisis can be overcome by an upward swing in the automobile in- dustry to the theory that the automobile in- dustry can improve its condition crisis is overcome. a circle shows that the capitalist able to explain the crisis and does not expect to escape from it next year despite the Polly- anna statements of Hoover, Lam Henry Ford is quoted as saying that fe foes not believe anything in sight in the | Bese items by no means exhaust ing day has undergone the following it would still be an in- significamtigain since according to the “Fin- ancial Chronicle,” production of autos for the first 8 months of 1931 was 27 per cent less than the total production for a similar period This insane reasoning in changes: In 1904 the average work- ing day for Russian industry as a whole was 10.7 hours; in 1913—9.87 hours; in 1918—7.69 hours; and in 1931—7.02 hours. This year 70 per cent of the work- ers in state large-scale industry are on the seven-hour day; in 1932 it is planned to have 92 per cent on the led “socialized wages.” millions of bles are spent on annual vacations th full pay. In 1927-28 a total of *29-30 193. 1927-28 the maintenance of students in the persistence , automobive industry would have the effect of stimulating the market now, nor that it is possible for any manufacturing plan to materially affect the situation at present. He further stated that there is no economic intensifica- bankruptcy "| mechanical November 16, 1931 Dear Professor Dana: What a difference exists be- tween the American and Russian schools! I want to emphasize two points: First, the discipline of the pupils; and second, the relationship between the pupils and the teachers. In America the pupils are dis- ciplined by the teachers. In *the Soviet Union the pupils discipline themselves. In America the only way the teachers can keep order is by threatening and shouting at the kids. Here the teachers do not have to threaten and shout. Here every pupil understands what discipline is and how he is to conduct himself, Take this little fact. Between the classes here, there are always ten minutes free. In America when kids enter a classroom they start shouting, fight- ing, throwing blackboard erasers, chalk, etc. Here, when we enter @ class room we either take our seats or talk quietly with one another, walk- ing about the room. When the bell rings, all the kids stop talking and walking about and take their seats. Al this they do without having to be told to. Now for the relationship between teachers and pupils. The teacher here is in every sense of the word an older comrade who happens to know more and is more experienced. The pupils call their teacher: “Comrade- i The teacher does the same. Let me cite what occurred to me several days ago in the school. We were in & drawing class: «The basis or justification for his bringing out the new Ford model. President L. A. Miller of Willys-Overland Co. says: During the first year of the depression there was the power to buy but not the will. No wit seems that the case is re- versed. There is a necessity and will to buy but not the power.” Both statements are open admissions that far from the automobile industry climbing out of the depths in which it finds itself, it is faced by a continued period of ever lowered production. A. R. Erskine, President of the Studabaker Corporation, after predicting a greater sale of autos in 1982 than in 1931 adds: “In making this statement I am taking into account the culminative obsolescence in cars and consequent greater demand being created despite a lower purchasing power by the public.” This at once spikes his optimistic fore- cast as being founded on nothing but a pious wish for recovery in the automobile indus- try. The admission that. purchasing power will be lower than before is also a tacit ad- mission that automobile purchases will be less because automobile purchasers are not yet in the habit of giving autos away free to whomever has a “demand” for them. out of the number of the automo- ions for an should this r their for- only if the class is un- ont and Co, teaeher noticed that I didn’t under- stand flte technical tetms he used in Russian, Before’ he dismissed the class, he told me to remain.. I did so. What do you think he asked me? He said, if I wanted, he would help me after schol hours. Think of a teacher in America staying after hours in schol to help a backward pupil. Another fact. We weré. in ‘a math? ematics class. I forgot how to do an algebra problem. Did the teacher yell at me? Did he. think I. was a dumb+ bell? No. What did he do? He gave HARRY EISMAN, both come in this month of Novem- ber, as does the fourteenth anni- versary of the Russian Revolution. November, then, is a real red month for me. . . . Weil here's till I hear from you. HARRY. iLY WORKER, NEW YORK, SATURDAY, DECEMBER 5, 1931 Hearing Held by the Unemployed 'A Stenographic Record of a-Publi Council in Buffalo on Oct. 29,1931 a hos First Witness—A Woman: Has not worked for two years. Receives $4 a week from the City Welfare on which four have to live. “The City does not pay my rent. My daughter has a baby of two months which cannot get the proper nourishment because the $4 does not allow it..” Second Witness—A Man:—“Am out of work for two years. Will be thrown out on the street. Receive $5 per week and there are four in the family. Have no gas and no electricity.” Third Witness—A Man:—“I have my family here and cannot stand up. I get $9 @ week for six children, my- self and my wife. I cannot buy cloth- es for my children. Am half sick all the time. I went to the City Hospital but they: wiuld not treat me. I have an honorable discharge from the Am- erican Army, and applied twice for disability relief but was turned down. The City Hospital gave me three ex- aminations and did not help me. Am out of work two years.American Le- gion pays my rent, but they don’t say how long they will continue to pay it. There is no gas in the hause, I pick wood for heating and cooking. Have made application for heat and was refused.” Fourth Witness—A Man:—“I have rheumatism, do not work, need medi- cal assistance and receive no help from the hospital. I get $6 a week from the City out of which I have to pay electric and gas bills. My daugh- ter works once in a while doing house work.” Fifth Witness—A Man:—“I get $6 a week in grocery checks, out of which I have to pay my own rent. Have no coal for the winter. None works in the family except my girl who works one or two days a week which is just enough to pay the gas bill. Even this will be cut off soon. We are five in the family. I am a laborer. I’m six months back in rent and threatened with eviction. I have no provision for coal or clothes for the winter.” Sixth Witness—A Man—‘I get no Telief from the City. They say that IT should go to the County Home if I want relief. 1 am not a beggar and I don’t want to beg. My daughter could not supply me with a pair of shoes. I went to the Welfare asking for a pair of shoes and all they gave me was 30 cents. Have been out of work two years. Am a laborer. Tl do anything I can get. There are five people in the family. My daughter gets $5 from the City.” Seventh Witness—A Man:—I am out of work two years. I was injured for life in @ steel mill, and the charity tells me to get a job and pay my rent. After my injury 1 received compen- sation for thres months at$18 a week. After that is was cut off. There are four in my family. I get $5 a week from charity. Two fam‘lics live fu one apartment but rent cannot be paid. ‘We have not been able to pay rent since June and am threatened with eviction any day. I went to the chari- ty but was turned down.” Eighth Witness—A Man:—“I re- ceive $4 a week in grocery checks for which I work one day. I took sick @ couple of weeks ago and I went to see the doctor at the dispensary. Mrs. Hekman told me to get in line and walt my turn. I waited from 9:30 a.m. until 1:15 p.m. The doctor prescribed @ medicine for which I had to pay 47 cents. I had no eash berause I re- ceive no money, Some tablets were prescribed for me which I had to get at the drug store. This too I could'nt do because I have no money.” Ninth Witness—A Man:—‘Am out of work about a year. Applied last year for relief and was refused. I managed to get grocery check for $4 @ week for the last two weeks. I cannot possibly pay rent. My wife and I need clothes and shoes. There is no gas nor electricity in the house and have no coal for the winter. The Welfare Couricil sends around an “in- vestigator” who snoops around asking me whether I have an automobile. Am back in my rent three months.” Tenth Witness—A Man:—“Am out of work more than a year, I receive $4 grocery check for which I have to work one day. My mother-inlaw re- workingman, ‘Bilt iis wife and child- ren, and I have-five.I cannot enjo life without»a:few cents in my pocke So, what’s the-ysespf the freedor that they talk, about: A person is nce free who is broke and has no work. Does the City Welfare make any pro- visions for riding on street cars? They only give you those food checks. Workers, voice your protest here and’ tell about your..conditions. You are Unemployed Workers! tional Hunger Marchers Demand Here Is What N: ’ of Congress Fifteen hundred elected delegates of unemployed workers is every city of the United States will be in Wash- ington Dec. 6 and 7 after a National Hunger March * ‘They will place before congress and before President Hoover the follow- ing demands: 1, Unemployment insurance equal to full wages, to be paid for by the government, through special taxes if necessary. They will demand that Congress pass the Unemployment In- surance Bill brought there by the last Hunger March. 2. Special Winter Relief of $150 cash in a lump sum‘and $50 addition- al for each dependent. 3. Seven hour day without’ reduc- tion in wages; federal'program of fur- nishing work to*the jobless at ful wages; abolition’ of terror and dis crimination against:Negroes and for eign born workers. 4. Special demands for farmers and ex-servicenien. Your support is neéded! See that your organizations serids’ delegates to united front conferences pic!-‘ng Hun- ger March delegates.: @t2.ise funds for financing ‘the Tc\ithal Hunger March! If. unemployed, join the Councils of the Unemployed! ceives $2. We have no gas nor electri- city and use the kerosene lamp for lighting purposes. Have.not paid rent for three months, The City Welfare used to pay the rent but now refuses because we get $6. Am threatened with eviction. Nobody in the family can get work. We use wood for cook~ ing.” “T have # new life now because I see that we need such an organization in this country as. the *Unemployed Council. We must not crawl in the dark. We must come here to be a help to each other. We must organize to fight against hunger. There are five in my family and I get $5 a week in grocery checks for which I have to work one day. The City does not pay for electricity or gas. I have to burn a candle. We have no clothing for our children. The doctor ordered a dia- beti¢ diet for my wife, which requires $3 more weekly. 'This we haven't got. This makes it impossible for my wife to cure her vericose veins. When the nurse comes she finds faults with the sheets, with the way the baby is dressed, etc. They are always com- Plaining with the way things look. They do nothing for you. I know that my home is not what it should be. Unemployment affects not only the here because you cannot help your- self, just as I, You should expose cag system and overthrow it.” Twelfth Witness—A Woman: “For five months I haye been doctoring my vericose veins and got no results. The nurses come and leave right away. ‘They tell you to have clean curtains and this and that and make you sore when you know you have no money for food. T have no coal to burn and the nurses find fault when the house is full of smoke because I am forced to burn wood that I pick up on the streets. For the past two weeks I was down with a bad grippe and the only thing the doctors recommend is lem~- ons and oranges. How, can I get them? The nurse comes, but hasn’t accomplished anything. I told the nurse that I'll throw her down’ the stairs next time she doesn’t do some- thing. They giye me a prescription, and I go to the Swan Street Clinic, they are always out of this medicine. For the last year they, have been giv- ing me the same prescription. The grocery check we get.never pulls us thru the week, so-we neighboors bor= row from one another, when we run short.” Thirteenth. Wit A Man:—"I get nothing from the City. I have a heavy mortgage:on my small house and am ready to. fell, if, at any price, but there is no buyer.,The City Relief tells me to sell the house then théy children in the family, Everything the children wear is old. Am borrow- ing money here.and there and if I don’t find work my “house will be taken away from. me. many loans from .,zelatives and friends that now. Iam ashamed to ask anyone. T work ‘one day a week as a laborer. I haye hg,coal and don’t know what I'll do, Jmaybe I'll have to steal.” Fourteenth Witness—A Man:—‘Am working only two days a week and get a $9 grocery, check from the ci Have to pay my own coal and elec bill, which has now run up to $5.16 and I don’t know. where I'llget the money to pay it, ‘There, are eight in the family. Qne child needs medical attention. It I n sick for a long time. The cit; me to move into the filthy, Jousy houses where the rent is cheaper, We Rave no clothes for the winter. and, there is no way of getting coal or.clothes.”’ _ E Russian White guards of all shades of opinion from monarchist to capitalist re- publican are engaged in a bitter quarrel among themselves now as to the correct tactics of their organized military bands and propaganda ap- paratus in the present Manchurian situation. There are two general groups now. Both act on the theory that Japan is to cross the border and wage war directly on the Soviet Union. Since these white guard organizations are sup- ported financially by the various imperialist governments and capitalist groups, .. including the U. &., this opinion as. to the role. of Japan is more than ordinarily interesting. Particularly the American white guard organ-_ izations have. a connection with: the Hoover ad- .minjstration, since one of -Seeretary of. State Stimson’s female relatives. heads a white guard service of supply, masquerading»as’a relief or- ganization, and American army and militia of-,|,Union, ficers actually belong to the white guard bands. \ expect the intervention on their side of the One battalion of the New York State militia is made up entirely of Russian white guardists. Twa Views. But starting from the common premise that Japan is to wage war openly on the Soviet Union, a difference of opinion arises. ‘Those “white” bandits who are now in Manchuria and “white” press of all lands advocating enlistment directly as allies of Japan. The infamous murderer of the Russian peasqantry and workers, General Semenoff, whom General: Graves, commander of the American troops.in Siberia 14 years ago, »stigmatizes in his recently published book as the second most fiendish scoundrel he ever met (the worst man he knew was another of Kol- chak’s generals) is now in Manchuria, now, as then, in Japanese pay and plotting against the Japan, write articles in the Soviet Union. For U. 8S. Intervention. But the other grouv, and varticularly those public. Not Japan, but we, will free Russia'from H Don’t join the Japanese armies. Wait and see what Uncle.Sam does.” Actually, it was easy to see what their plan is, in the midst of a Japanesé-U.S.8.R. war, to form the Bolsheviks. While the struggle goes on, and splits occur, for instance shown by the recent founding in New York of a paper in opposition to Novoye Russkoye Slovo, the new paper being pure mon- archist and called: Russkoye Vechernlya Pochta, Russian who have been getting little favor from Amer- ican imperialists, advocated a more subtle policy. Its program, as outlined in and supported by the Russian white guard paper in New York, Novoye Russkoye Slovo, Japan invades the Soviet Union, a wave of na- tionalist feeling will sweep Russia, drowning out the ‘pitiful cries’ of the Bolshevik international- ists. ‘Then we will proclaim our leadership of the masses, who must be armed by the Soviets is like this: “When difficulties, join Japan Slovo. feelings, is contained in an article in Issue No. 25 of Novoye Russkoye Slovo. .A:certain former Czarist genera] named bce an ‘spoke before has fallen a man who once wore an officer in the Russian: army,’ na te, damn age is done. Meanwhile the struggle xages Feges Over. whether to .and Russkoye Vecherniya ning Post—though it 4s a, weekly.:paper) sneers ‘at Novoye Russkoye Slovo, as,“a;paper in Rus- sian but not a Russian paper,” and hints there are too many Jews on the Novoye Russkoye of Lenin gives him unstinted praise, and Sviato- | polk-Mirsky declares himself 'i Cotfimunist sym- pathizer now. ahr oN Club in Syra- cuse, and announced: Zhe belie. ge know tee truth than to go on hontoy told the Rotariane-h Plan was succeeding, and tat it Olight to suc- coed, because it was entirely for tl Russian masses, and furthermore, ithe same thing could be said of the lanit collettivization pro- gram, and of the Soviet guvernmeént iteelf. shovel th ta Woot $5 a he ta oh a as ee nd ),B0od of the and he still wae,firmly convinced that all the Communist progratn:tn the Soviet Usion was going to succeed.” inovoig ‘Wlantiy Bote threw a fi eis aacyet of the article bine tonne ereapcae So a before the Communists,” and” laments, “So low Py; b) @ tie uniform of sides arssrit viomeny in an attack on.the Soviet Union, Eve-