The Daily Worker Newspaper, February 24, 1931, Page 3

Hund reds of Flint, Mich. Jobless Must Wait Hours At City Hall for Handout Worker Correspondent Sees Jobless Auto Worker Eating From Garbage Daily Worker:— Flint, Mich. _ I would like to broadcast about the rotten conditions in the General Motors, city of Flint. I was down to the city hall Monday, Feb. 16th and want to tell about some of the terrible scenes I laid my éyes on. The people have to wait down the basement which is connected with the toilet. And the smell is terrible’ There were about 300 people assembled there during the day. Men, children and mothers with babes in their arms waiting for the measly $2.50 or $8.00 Worth of groceries to live on all week. A Weary Wait. People who make a three*or four mile trip have to stand or sit on the coherete floor all day, waiting for their turn. No matter how far a per- son lives he has to carry home what- ever he gets, They will not deliver. The city feeds about 2,000 people besides the 1,000 that the county and soup line (on Fenton Road) feeds. The same day I went to the New =? Orleans Fruit House . There I met a starving man eating frozen apples and bananas from a garbage can. I asked him whether he had a job. He said “no, I was laid off by the | Fisher Body bosses. They told me I was too old. I have never worked since September Ist. This not only happens to one per- |son but hundreds and thousands of Flint workers. —™. R. | Chicago Heights, Til. Daily Worker: Conditions are growing worse here daily. Those that are still allowed te stave for the bosses are working part time and at reduced wages in most shops. A few unemployed workers with families ‘Were given a little food each week for a while. But that has just abotit stopped. ® few Weeks ago a mass meeting onditions Grow Worse in Chicago Heights, Ill. {was held here under the auspices |of the TUUL. It was the first meet- | ing of the kind ever held here. ‘The local paper here “The Chicago | Heights Star” came out with a fren- | gied editorial warning the workers to | beware of the reds and ending by saying “Rernember you have the fin- | est government in the world.” Yes, \it is the finest for the bosses. But ile hell for the workers, —A. We Int'l Harvester in St. Paul Closes Down St. Paul, Minn. Daily Worker:-— I em reading the Daily Worker, it \s the best paper I know of. I am ot working but I still have a fow penniés to get the Daily Worker. jare out and the’ poor company made | only 37 millions last year. | Twine is 14 cents per pound and the fiber they buy from Mexico is only half price of former years and their | twine doesti’t come down. I hope you I was working for the International: will publish this so the farmers cah ~~ yation down here. Hatvester Company twine mill for 12 yeat and January 17 they closed up hefe for geod. Three hundred people Arkansas Farmer Find see What is done by this company. Tam getting ready to join the C. P. 1 I. Ne “Daily” and “Likes it Fine” Combs, Ark. Editor Daily Worker:— » T came in possession of one of “your papers a few days ago and I - like-it fine. I would be glad to sub- ~ geribe for the Worker if I had the | mionéy but we are almost on star- The Red Cross YirN has promised aid but so far we have not received any help yet. if you haye any funds for the Purpose I would be glad if you would send a copy of the Worker to the following persons. All of these fellows used to belogg to the socialist party. ; 8. F. : Unemployed, Vet’s Family Is Broken Up Bier Buffalo, N. Y. Daily. Worker: Iam a world war vet. I served in the last war. When I was taken in the army I was a well man but when I came out I was no good. My body was sick and I was not able +o get. work. I got work for a few weeks and was laid off. I went to the bosses to get help and they re- fused to give me any and I sent my wife. Sent to Jail They told her to get a warrant out for me and send me up for 6 months in the pen and they would |help her and she did and I went | down like a man. But when I got out I went to my home and when I rapped on the door there was no wife. The damn bosses broke my home up and took my four children away from me. But F belong to the Unemployed Council now and I am going to fight the damn bosses till there is no blood left in my body. Let us vets fight for our bonus and down with the damn bosses. —A. 8. Bosses Give More Leeway to I. L. A. Fascist Misleaders Give More Leeway—8— Ew ‘i Seattle, Wash. Daily Worker: ‘The present situation on the Seattle waterfront presents a changed ‘and to some # puzzled outlook. The employers association (Fink Hall) seems to contemplate going out of business and encouraged the ILA. A few think the bosses have be- come tired of paying the hall rent and would wish it off on the “I Lose War Preparation - & Detter reason the “powers that be” expect war on the Pacific soon and would like to clean up any small differences between them and the fascist officialdom of the A. F. of L. When the marine workers of Japan were faced with a 10 per cent wage cut, they went out 300,000 strong for @ 30 per cent inctease of wages and for better working conditions. The Longshoremen and sailors should join the Marine Workers’ League, affiliated with the Red In- ternational of Labor Unions and put up a real fight. ‘ —A Waterfront Worker, $2. A Month Is A.F.L.Cooks Organizer Idea of \ Relief Oakland, Cal. |and we would like you to divide the 2A. F. of L, Cooks, Waiters and tresses Local 1 has finally solved and. pay 8 4 i i i z z g z a | raomployment problem by this; :ful method, just listen to this | workers, Twenty five dollars set aside for] We see more and more how organ- work—say 5 days a week, so we all could be working (Stagger poorly paid workers). This plan was 80 rotten that it was voted down by the izer Johnson and his bunch are the local. At the last meet- hot for ‘up | i : i 8s to iagee a ERT, ATG e223 ‘DEMONSTRATE AGAINST HUNGER, EVICTI wAILY WORKER, NEW YOPK, TUESDAY, FEBRUARY 24, 1931 Page Three ONS! ALL OUT FEB. 25! PICKET TODAY IN LAWRENCE ganize Relief LAWRENCE —PAGE 1....6—- — — (OUNTINUED FROM PAGE ONE) Vest mills came out, from all departments. Mass pieketing after that on Friday swept into and throvgti thé mills, bringing out over 5,000 more and clos- ing the mills, There are now 8)500 ‘Out at the Wood mill, 2, 500 out of the Washington mill, and 2,000 out of the Ayer mill fa all departments ate thet the extra pay away, end that the ten pereetit extra for night work was taken away. In addition, theyAmerican Woolen Company has declared a 12 and a half to 20 percent wage cut in all of its mills outside of Lawrence, ahd only hesitated in Law- rence because of the known existence of the Nattonal Textile Workers Union there. If the union had sub- mitted to the other reductions, a wage cut would have followed. During the course Of the strike there were 650 hew members enrolled in the union. The employer tried to compromise the strike by announéihg & withdraw al of the nine comb demand and @ return to February 16 conditions. Concrete Demands But the strikers are now all stand- ing together for no speed-up, and have a set of concrete demands on that point for different. departments. They demand time and a half pay for overtime, and ten percent extra for night work, and recognition of the mill committees of thé National Tex- tile Workers Union. Organizational measures have been taken to speed-up relief and system= atize the picketing. A number of national guardsmen have come up to the union headquar- ters, asking what they should do if the militia is called out to attack the strikers, Red Cross Gives Crumbs to Staving Farmers’ Children (CONTINUED FROM PAGE ONE) hearin tot town offered to ship the Arkansas Red Cross one car of beans and three catloads of potatoes“and pay ship- ping charges” to Arkansas, And the Red Cross refused this! It demanded $2,000 in cash—for the Red Cross, instead! Though the food was worth $10,000! ‘This is nothing less than plain racketeering on one hand, and plain murder on the other hand! The Red Cross, like @ vulttire, sits on the scene of distress, the only apparatus for re- lief distribution! and croaks, “To hell with feeding starving children, give us money!” Only Farmers’ Relief Councils, or- ganized and controlled by themselves, by the poor and starving farmers, can supplant these vultures of the Red Cross, who reject at Hoover's behest $26,000,000 from the government on the ground that they are “adequate- ly” “meeting the situation”—by allow- ing 2 and one-third cents a week for @ child to live on! Such hideous hypocrisy! And far- mers should challenge it by forming their own Rélief ells, to receive such donations as that from to demand all Red fun & 8,000 Out of Mills; Or-, Pittsburgh Plans Dist. Page, Red Builders News Club; Denver, Colo. Sets Own Quotas Pittsburgh, Pa., is strengthening its- From J. Fromholz, Daily Worker Daily Worker apparatus considerably. ; representative of Cleveland, we re- From J. Mankin, Daily. Worker re-| ccived the following note: resentative, we réceived some deci-| “This week we have placed three sions made for the campaign, from| more unemployed on the corners whith we quote: and the results are good. Now “Te Inotease the Daily Worker | that we are circulating most of ofroalation by 2,000 by May i, A our papers, will gradualiy send in broad conference to be held on March 15 in order to bring the organizations into the campaign. “Decision was made that we or- der @ special weekly page starting Monday, March 23, with a mini- mum of 2,000 each week, Comrade Mills to be responsible for editing the page.” Following this are plans which in- clude the building of a Red Builders | News Club, the Unemployed Councils starting action in the sales of the “Daily,” and arranging affairs and tours for the Daily Worker. | The steel centers and mining towns @round Pittsburgh are fertile soil for | the Dally Worker and preparations for weekly page should not be post- poned for &@ whole month. With the units, fraternal organizations and Unemployed Councils activized, Pitts- burgh should have no difficulty in: starting its weekly edition within two weeks. Let's hear from you, | Pittsburgh. DENVER, COLO® SETS QUOTAS Denver, Colo., is orgaitizing a tho- rough campaign for new subscribers and for reaching their cash quota to the Daily Worker, From Dave Feihgold of the Disttict Daily Worker | Committee, we received a copy of | thé quotas set for eaéh unit and city. | ‘We quote: “We expect this task to be put into aetion immediately, by taking the enclosed lists and going before the workers, asking their support for the Daily Worker, or by ar- ranging an affair wherever pos- | sible. This drive not only means } holding our laurels in the present campaign, but also utilizing the Daily Worker for our Lenin re- | cruitment drive. The Daily Worker ! will be the driving wedge and con- vineing factor to the workers whom we approach to join the Party.” The question of Worker Corres- pondence will be discussed at the | district organization conference soon. STREET SALES IN CLEVELAND, OHIO | “Send me ® bundle of 50 copies | every day,” writes Michael Petruska M. P. of Cleveland, Ohio. “I was selling Daily Workers on the Public Square every day since June 25, but now I wish to have my own bundle. At first I was the only seller, but now we have more. I will try to get more uhemployed to sell on street corners.” Dorr Go BLINDLY ALonG THE Road of Se tts He Dawy & worse. OPEN THe Eye; OF THE Wok Kcr ROAD oF Caprya P OvemPormewr’ F STARVATION We WORKING CLASS MUST SEE DyHERE 77 75 HEADED FOR > the names so that they will re- ceive papers direct. Send 30 copies daily to J.N., our first Red Builder” KANSAS CITY SENDS REPORT From E. Evrard, Daily Worker re- presentative of Kansas City, Mo., we received a report that 296 copies were sold and 290 were distributed during the week ending February 14. “Please send to A. B. five Daily Workers a day and 50 for Febru- ary 25. This is only a start. Un- doubtedly we will develop greater selling of the Daily in a short time,” F.C.C,, Unit Daily Worker agent. “DAILY GOOD,” JAMESTOWN : “The Daily Worker is selling good, One salesman is selling from..50 to 75 per day. The unemployed workers here are hungry for something. they. haven't got, but are getting, and that is orgarization for Unemployment Insurance.” 'B, T. Robinson, ‘James: : town Unemployed Council. 7 “MUST HAVE DAILY TO REFUTE CAPITALIST LIES” John L. S, of Dearborn, writes: “I have been out of work for some months. Expect to stay here for the next two months so I am sending one dollar for 2 months sub. I must have my Daily Worker to help me re- fute the lies of the capitalist papers.” Mich., Onto the Streets February 25th! Fight for Unemployment Relief! (CONTINUED FROM PAGE ONE) and “Washington would probably sue ue for calling him the father of this country.” Evictions, suicides, starvation fill- ing the potters’ fields, job sharks levying toll on the last pennies of the unfortunates and sending them to fake jobs, floods of sickening ora- tory from government officials, breadlines being cut off continually and the emergency work system be- ing openly abandoned in many cities, police clubs for those who protest, business men taking advantage of the mass misery to cut wages on a stead- OAKLAND, Cal., Feb. 23.~The po- lice here are making desperate ef- forts to prevent the mobilization of sBae tel 2°38 : Crisis Hits Belgian | Congo; Unemploy- ment onthe Increase big demonstration ‘here on Febru-| 25. Raids at night on private are being made, ten have arrested, and hall after hall was meeting at which ay a8 reasons for action by the millions of starving jobless. Come out tomorrow, in masses, “in every city in the world, in the In- ternational Fighting Day Against Starvation! Demonstrate for unem- ployment relief, for jobless insurance, for no evictions of the unemployed, for free gas, light and water, for meals and clothing for the school children! Show by a thunderous mass protest movement that the an- swer of city, state and national gov- ermments who say the law forbids them to give these demands is no answer to men, women and children ily widening scale~all these are who are starving to death in batches! ee Oakland Cops Rai Jail, Lock * Halls to Stop Demonstration! The first raid was at 519 Grove ' Street, where the posses arrested Charles Young and Joe Price. At the home of Mrs. Anna Rob; bins, 2265 Bighty-first Avenue, police arrested Joo Studevant, Snyder, James Lacey, Mike McMullin, William Silva, Joe Durst and James Reed. Matthew Studevant is T.U.U.L. organizer and Lacey is Communist Party section or- ganizer. They took all books and papers in’ the house, and practically wrecked the place, “looking for evidence.” The local press publishes frantic stories saying “evidence was found of plans to fight the police Feb. 25,” and giving Drew's official proclamation threatening attack on the unemployed if they dare to show themselves in demonstration against starvation. Drew declared ‘Foster will not speak in Oakland.” But he did, in snit> of all attempts by the police and city authorities to stop the meeting. Start To March, On the 19th, police swarmed into the central district. Hundreds of cops, motorcycle police, and the riot squads~ flocked around Tenth and Broadway, where the T.U.U.L. opened street meetings to announce the changes in the address of the meet- ings. cards Were got out, an- Police tore the city council in full solemnly voted to break the with T.U.U.L. for Foster's Auditorium and z HE Fin- in Berkeley, and Odd Fel- Oakland. The meet- held in Berkeley, usiastic audience. But meeting in Odd was also bar- scouts had to be rkers to a smaller Oakland Tribune refused id advertisements an- in the halls, ; iE 3? He j z i E f 42348 E is i & Pe & 3 rid sE 22 zB | E when Underwood, of the Unemployed Councils, called out, “Come ob, form a march and let's The police were taken by surprise CIECH BOSSES IN METAL INDUSTRY WANT WAGE CUTS Workers Show Fight! Against Slashes | PRAGUE, Czechoslovakia. — The | Czechoslovakian metal barons are utilizing the international crisis in order to attack wages and working conditions in the metallurgical in- dustry. However, the workers are not prepared to accept the dictates of | the employers without a struggle. The workers of the Prague steel works | Kolben organized a strike under Communist leadership against the j dismissal of 15 workers, and joint | demonstrations with the unemployed workers have been organized. Yes- terday the workers of the Mannes- mann-Koburg works in Tyrnau in Slovakia carried out a demonstration strike of one hour against a threat- | ened wage-cut of from 20 to 30 per cent. The reformist trade union lead- | ers tried ynsuccessfully to prevent | the strike. The strike was continued | | until the management promised to | open up negotiations with fhe re- | presentatives of the workers on Fri- day. Under the pressure of the workers the police had to be removed | | from the works. The strikers decided that only the revolutionary trade un- ion had the right to negotiate in their names. By demonstrations and strikes the 600 workers of the Freistadt metal works have succeeded in extracting & promise from the employers that the factory will not be closed down | |as intended, but that the work will| be continued at least until Jtily, when further negotiations can take place. | go to the hall at 13th and Harrison, | where Foster will speak.” | Beveral thousand began to parade, with banners flying, Police did not dare to stop it, byt ran ahead and) |closed the hall When the crowd got there, the doors were barred, and the police ready to charge. The crowd turned back to Tenth and Broadway, where it demonstrated again, and resisted police attempts to seize banners from the women. Edgar, Owens, Sonia Baltrun and Julia, Wilde spoke, and several thou-| sand workers registered their protest | against police tactics, March Again, At 9:15 Baltrun announced another imarch, ‘this time to 1013' Pranklin Street, where, in the small Workers Center hall, Foster spoke to all who could hear him. Hundreds gathered around outside, and refused to move on when the police ordered them to do 50. Of those seized by the police the} night of the 18th, six were released, and four are held for “investigation” }and possible criminal syndicalism | charges. | | . 15 On Trial Feb. 25. GRAND RAPIDS, Mich., Feb. 23.— | Workers and jobless workers demon- | trating here Feb. 25 will at thesame time demand the release of the 15 arrested in the Feb. 10 demonstra- tions. Those arrested are: Abe Sompo- linsky, Andrew Evanroff, Ben Faulk- ner, Julius Hyman, Paul Porter, Wil- liam Conn, J. Townsend, Raymond Bascom, James Barkin, Andrew Zeigler, Gerald Sullivan, Fred Abel, Virgil Keebaugh, Stanley De Graff. The Feb. 10 demonstration was at- tacked by 50 police and the fire hose was turned on the crowd. Local papers published lying and jeering accounts of it, glorifying in the at- tack on the jobless and claiming that the huge crowd in the /demonstra- tion were “only curious bystanders.” Not a lawyer in Grand Rapids would take the defense of these 14 workers. ‘Their trial is slated for Feb. 25 and the International Labor Defense has brought an attorney from Detroit. . SCRANTON, Pa., Feb. 23.—Demon- strations in the anthracite region, where unemployment is rife and part time common, will include a hunger march from Minersville to Pottsville, the county seat of Schuylkill County. The march will start at 9 a. m. There will be a demonstration at 12 noon at Mitchell's statue in Court House Square, in Scranton, on Wed- nesday. Worker correspondents writing from the Anthracite tell of Brennan, United Mine Workers’ presidiuc of District 9, charging into Higgens, Pa., just after the unemployment meet- ing, and warning the miners against “Those Reds.” The miners launched a storm of criticism against Brennan and the U. M. W. for its failure to do anything for the jobless and ex- ploited miners here. In Shamokin, out of 13 mines, seven Cuban Police Fire Into Workers’ Meeting; Revolt s- and Struggles Increase Throughout Latin America Workers Capture Paraguay Town of 15,000 ‘Population; Say “Communists” Lead; Anglo-American Tha police deliberately shot Conflict in Peru ino a meeting of revolutionar, | men. trade unionists in Havana Saturday, in an attempt to smash up the gathering, is clear from a news cable to the New York Times from Havana, Cuba. The workers present answered the attack of the police by returning their fire, wounding ten police- Many workers were shot and seriously wounded: How many were killed is not stated in the dispatch to the capitalist press. Sixty-five workers were arrested and are held in the Cabanas Fortress where they face immediate death at the hands of the butcher Machado, president of Cuba, and tool of Wall St. The meeting was at first permit ted. But when the speakers attacked the imperialist role of Machado, the police tried to disperse the meeting | by beating the workers, and when this did not succeed they commenced shooting. The workers valiantly de- | a fended themselves. ae A New York Times cable from Asuncion, Paraguay, states that an uprising of workers and peasants, un- der “Communist” leadership resulted in the capture of the city of Villa Enearnacion, with a population of 15,000. The Times story says that “A group | of workmen” captured Vi Encar- nacion “taking temporary possession of the police barracks; custom house and bank.” Both the American imperialists and the Paraguayan ambassador in Washington are trying to belittle the revolt as “of no political signific- ance.” It is very significant in that it shows the increasing independent. * gainst the puppet rulers of both British and American imperlalism. VS) ce Cable reports from Peru show that serious counter-revolt has sprung in Peru against the government anchez Cerro, Cerro came into power, ‘ough the aid of British imperialism, against dictator Leguia, ally of Wall Street. ‘There is cleat | evidence that American imperialism is supporting the Leguia counter- revolt. The revolt took place soon after the visit of the Prince of Wales to Peru. The Prince of Wales ® touring Latin America in order to win trade from the United States for Britain. He got a warm reception in Peru. Severe fighting took place in vari- |ous parts of Peru, and the outcome of the uprising is still in the balance. Both Cerro and Leguia are fascists, acting in behalf of the various im- perialist powers against the masses. ‘There have been many strikes in Pery against both British and Am- action of the workers and peasants | erican slave-drivers, Reds in Chicago Expose Bosses; Capone Man to Win Primaries By the time this goes to press, th f his candidates came into power Primary election in Chicago will have and to terrorize workers in the com- fmilitant unemployed decided which of the gangsters’ and big capitalists’ representatives will run on the républican ticket for May-| or of Chicago—Big Bull Thompson or | Looney Lyle, jailer of workers. The primary campaign was one big raw, rotten show, indicating the decayed | depths to which capitalists politics has sunk. It was a scramble between | Thompson and Lyle as to who would! handle the Capone and Insull pay-| rolls. Thompson has the advantage of being in power, controlling the most machine-gun crews; while Lyle had the discontented gangs behind him. Both are for terror against the workers, for suggings and jailing of workers who fight for bread. sat In his campaign speeches, Thomp- son had as part of his paraphernalia an elephant, cowboys, a jackass (making two, including Thompson), and a halter. Lyle foamed at the mouth as he waved a machine gun,| claiming Capone supported Thomp- son. Dozen’s of alienists (nut experts) testified that both candidates were just plain crazy. Al Capone took a special trip to Chicago to see which ing elections. The Communist Party {s running Otto H. Wangerin, a railroad worker, for Mayor. Most of the candidates for aldermen in the various wards were ruled off the ticket by the Thompson-Lyle forces who did not want the workers to have the right to vote against either of them. For City Clerk on the Communist ticket there is Lydia Bennet; for City Treas- urer, August E. Poansjoe, a Negro worker, Both Lyle and Thompson made a special appeal to the Negroes. More signatures are needed to put these workers on the ballot for the the deadline and every worker in Chicago is urged te rush in his sig- natures, to collect as many as he can up to that date. Unless every party unit gets on the job there is @ danger that the Communist ticket will not be put on the ballot. This is one of the most important elections ever held in Chicago, and every class con- scious worker should put every ounce of energy he has into the drive for signatures, and then into the cam- paign against the capitalist gangster Politicians, years, and one closed four months ago. ‘Two of the remainder work full time, and they are small mines, one of 150 men and the other 300 men. Three other small mines work part time. There are between 5,000 and 6,000 out of work. Sheriff sales of workers’ homes are continuous. In the hosiery mills, a wage-cut of 30 per cent has taken place. Average wages in the mills are $9 a week for @ nine-hour day, and $10 to-$12 for the 13-hour night shift. : ‘The delegation of the Minersville | unemployed, which went on Feb. 10 to Pottsville, were sent by the com- missioners to Richards, the big real estate man appointed by Pinchot as county head of unemployment work. He asked for actual names of fam- ilies in need. ‘The committee got up a big list of families of 8 to 12 where there hasn't been any work for seven or eight months. They are living in shacks which are falling to pieces and with electricity and water shut off. When the list was ready the county commissioners and Richards were “too busy to look at it.” CORVECTION: Due to transposition of two lines in the composing room, the last sen- | tence of the first paravraph in yes- terday’s page 1 circulation box was made to give a meaning not intended. The sentence should read as follow “Articles will show Ruthenbers’s role in the struzcle avainst imperialist have been shut down for over two Enclosed find EMERGENC®FUND NAME war and in building the Communist New England. Conf. Aids Lawrence Strike (CONTINUED FROM PAGE ONE) the N. T. W. and representatives of the unorganized. The conference decided to call not later than March 22 a conference to organize a big strike fund campaign. on a New England scale. Jim Reid, chairman of the N.T.W., was also chairman of the conference just held. Pat Devine, acting secre- tary of the N.T.W., made teh main report. Jack Stachel, representing the Trade Union Unity League, pledged the support of the whole or- ganization. Expose U. T. W. Thirty workers took part in the discussion, which~ centered around what demands to put forward and the final formulation of these dé- mands was left to the united front committee. The delegates thoroughly exposed the U. T. W. One who had been a U. T. W. organizer in the 1919 strike showed up the methods used then by the U. T. W. chiefs and told how | they sold out the strikers, CORRECTION The article “A Red Mavazine for Workers’ Children” on page four in yes‘erday's ed'tion was by Comrade Party, CUT THIS OUT AND MAIL IMMEDIATELY TO THE DAILY WORKER, 50 E. 13th ST., NEW YORK CITY OCK TROOPS For RED SH $30,000 DAILY WORKER EMERGENCY FUND te eesd bis sdaateecees dollars ........... We pledge to build RED SHOCK TROOPS for the successful completion of the $30,000 DAILY WORKER POPORe earn een eeeareeaeneeseeaeennseeneeenenseesneennnnnates ADDRESS cessessscsseenssveerancsvassssseessesacsessscssesensseeesssseesseseesecnansesssssseassouansssens SADIE VAN VEEN. cents