The Daily Worker Newspaper, February 17, 1931, Page 2

Y, FEBRUARY 17, 1931 : Fang : rae Page Two Ke ages ae THE ADVENTUR “PAN OLD PAL, HERES A _SHOVELFUL OF Money ( FoR Yo DAILY WORKER, NEW YORK, TUESTI, i s gama: ae By RYAN WALKER ES OF BILL WORKER (foe A SHOVELFUL — Draw Your Own Conclusions — 0 A SHOVELFUL. I( THs SHoverFUL. For You FoR You My FRIEND WILL MAKG You } "LL START Aware ee ri Sa eee AGAINST USSR : 5 j ( WHEN %u Give eb tHe WorD y 4 v NS a 7 ROA / Q! é. T HAVEN'T Given! TAls To! |—\ 70 eT -BvT (FIDO YOU Can BaRRow 50% AT 44% ComPourtD I: INTEREST ANNUALLY SF Zan Feom The BANKS / a “ i On Road to State Capital away the wealth they wring out of the workers’ blood. And when finally you arrive on | the outskirts of Albany, hunger | marchers, you will be met by another jarmy e Unemployed Councils of Albany, of Troy, and of Schenectady, will be there in solid ranks to swell jand reinforce your ranks. You will {then march thru the workers sec- |tion of Albany, where the proleta- |riat, who have already come to trust and rally behind the Unemployed Council of Albany, will give you a most revolutionary ‘welcome. The workers of Albany, Negro and white, men and women, employed and un- jemployed, have shown tremendous enthusiasm ‘for our movement. They {will receive you as their fighting comrades, and share with you their | militant experiences, as well as their meagre suppers and board. ‘This, hunger marchers, is how the | Workers along the line of march to | Albany will greet you. But comrades, |you must expect and be prepared Newburgh, the workers will be eager- |for another kind of treatment. And ly on the streets, joining and sup- lat is, from the vicious tools of the porting your demonstrations before|) 0. class the police and state| the factories there. In these cities, |troopers, These will try to interfere you will find 80 per cent of the | sith your demonstrations, will try to workers idle, and the most miserable | This. eens 1 f mn |weaken your ranks. conditions prevailing for those stil Inot new to us workers; they are the on the job. For these workers, your ses < same cowards and bullies everywhere, militancy and determination will be | ond srerantiel “aliawen) then on) tbe of militant workers who on February 19 start on their march to Albany, the workers through whose cities you will pass, extend greetings of solida: . When you me to’ Tarrytown, the oppres- sed workers there will joyfully greet your militant determination, an make room in their crowded homes to put you up for the night. The next morning, when you march on- ward, a chosen squad from the Un- employed of Tarrytown will join your ranks and march along. When you pass thru Croton and Ossining, the exploited workers there will take courage from your exam- ple, and they too will form Unem- ployed Councils. In Peekskill, the newly-organized workers, employed and unemployed, will hail you as their more experienced comrades. As many as possible will share their suppers and beds with you, wanting to learn from your experiences how they can better carry on the struggle. In Beacon, and across the river in To the army 9 AIER YD aT GN yi Me : if SG g |, RELEASERAYMOND Workers Talk Union () N FEBRUARY 20 NEW YORK.—Wages in all Wil-low | Fe i pats cafeterias were cut 38 per cent last Plan Meet at Irving Plaza week. Bus boys who were getting $18] a TT 4'h TC Man y Cities Report, A. F ‘ L. BUROCRATS Marches Prepared YONKERS TOILERS EXPEL MILITANTS, fer¥eb.2 DEFY POLICE BAN, Detailed reports coming in from all} Statement of Furniture] ana mititant struggle that wes ear-| NESSIN CASE GOS ica TO TRIAL FEB. 18TH, Walker Said He Was! Will Fight for Streets a beacon light, and when they un-| a gis guahinin GaMocniires id derstand what your purpose is, they |e at nome. The weather ‘may| Workers Ind, League (red om February 10th in support of Today “Too Busy” & week with $1.75 for food allowance | will be less tricken before the| 9° be very cold, and the problem the Washington delegation, demand-| eee Z were cut to $13 «week with $1.05 for! new yoRK.—Harry Raymond, vicious police thugs, and begin to/\° soq and shelter is a great one.| NEW YORK —The officials of the iviannege ee ey | YONKERS, Feb. 17. — Yonkers} NEW YORK. — In a court room |f00d. Counter men and all others were| wo together with Foster, Amter, fight. back. But we workers are used to hard-| Upholsterers’ Union expelled nee tes ik ihe task tnae ereererier| workers will demonstrate today| crowded with unemployed workers| °C t°- and Minor, was imprisoned for pre- ships, and in this march, we must |members of the local: Borodkin, Pus- |‘ " against police brutality and for the and surrounded by unifo Most of the crew at the cafeteria | senting the demands of the unem- When you arrive in Poughkeepsie and Hudson, you will see further marks of capitalist desolation. ‘ You will see the huge factories shut down, | you will see the miserable wooden | shacks in which the workers are | compelled to live, and you will also) else, the | in the middle of the 14th Street block ployed to Mayor Walker during the {between Fourth Avenue and Irving} arch 6th demonstration in New Place all quit, but not in an Organ-| York, will be released on February ized fashion, as a strike. Some of 20th. On that day the prison gates them, however, said they were going of Harts Island will swing open once up to the Food Workers Industrial | again, Union at 16 West 2ist Strect to see} Mass delegations from the Marine right of workers to the streets. Chief of Police Quirk was so noti- fied yesterday by a committee com- posed of Milton Weich, organizer of the Unemployed Council and Shelkin, an unemployed Yonkers worker. The committee which notified the display the utmost courage, patience, | tay, and Kramer, although the ma- and determination, in order to over-| jority of the membership was against come them, and march victoriously | the expulsion. The officials resorted | towards or goal. ‘ |to fascist methods, mobilizing their Unemployed Councils of Tarry- clique of strong arm men, and sup- town, Peekskill, Dutchess Junction, | plying their men with paid-up mem- and detectives, the case of Sam Nes- sin, Milton Stone and Robert Lea- less was called and put over to Wed. nesday, February 18th, because Walker “was pressed with business.” see here, as everywhere : grand mansions and estates in which | Newburgh, Poughkeepsie, Albany, | bership books, 80 they could yote for the boss-robbers swell and guzzle ‘Troy, Schenectady |the expulsion of these members. chief of police was met with threats) Nessin, Stone and Lealess who are | what could be done to organize, Workers’ Industrial Union, the Un- - these members | and oaths to “get the hell out of|charged with “unlawful assembly” jemployed Councils of Greater New | The reason why | were expelled was because they con-| | stantly exposed the bureaucratic and | York, and the International Labor | Defense, will greet Raymond when he HATTIE CARNEGIE > released on February 20th at 10 here.” The delegation protested this action because they were ordered beaten up by Mayor Walker when they pre- GANG EXPELS 3 NEW YORK ILD IN | SOLIDARITY WEEK Support Struggles of Negro Masses! NEW YORK.—The first of a series of open air meetings was held on Thursday night at Lenox Ave. and 114th St. under the auspices of the Santiago Brooks Branch of the In- ternational Labor Defense in openi: Solidarity Week. The Latin-Amer- ican workers called upon the Negro and white workers to combine their forces to combat the class that dis- force of strong arm men, and limit- ing voting rights to these members of the ruling machine who are given what few jobs there are, and so can nay their dues, the officials of Up- holsterers Union Local 75 (AFL) have |reactionary policies of the officials, | they fought against the sell-out of | the last strike, because they fought against the readjustment scheme | which resulted in a 10 per cent to UPHOLSTERERS Officials Railroad Ac-|25 per cent wage cut. 5 a The purpose of the officials in ex- tive Members | pelling these members was, mainly, to weaken the opposition on the floor | NEW YORK.—By mobilizing ®/of the meeting and terrorize the| workers of the local who belong to the Furniture Workers’ Industria] Teague, and to keep other members of the local from” joining the Furni- | they may have a free hand“to- fur~ }greater plans were made for the In- | eee a Apa to the streets | ternational Unemployment Day dem- | 24 Wi out in large numbers to- cure Workers’ Industrial League,--s0}nstrations on February 25th to give] | the workers’ answer to the refusal of | Congress even to listen to the spokes- | in driving them out and interpreted it to mean that the Yonkers police, notortous for their vicious attacks against the militant workers of this city in their struggles for unemploy- ment insurance and against the bos- ses hunger system, will unleash the harshest brutality against the work- ers at today’s demonstration. Yonkers workers, unemployed and employed, are determined, however, | day. The demonstration takes place Larkan Plaza at 12 noon today, | sented the demand of the unemployed at the October 16th demonstration at the Board of Estimates, are de- fending their own case. Jury trials have been repeatedly refused them, and they are being given the same treatment accorded to Foster; Minor, Amter, Lesten and Raymond, whet they were railroaded to jail by spe- cial sessions court, composed of Tam- many judges. When Nessin told Walker that he represented the grafting Tammany politicians, during a- oBard of Esti- mates meeting on October 16th, GIRLS ¢ 0) M P E m Eis m., from the Municipal Building . 4 opposite City Hall. To See Who Can Make A mass meeting of welcome has been arranged at Irving Plaza on More Articles for ILD NEW YORK.—The workers in the February 2rd, 8 p, m. Every work- ers’ organization should be present to Hattie Carnegie dress shop on 49th St. have issued a challenge to the welcome the last of those four who workers in the Hattie Carnegie shop represented them so courageously on March 6th, Israel Amter and Harry |on 57th St to engage in socialist com- Petition in connection with the an- Raymond willbe the speakers of the | nual bazaar of the New-York District Furniture Workers On Picket Line Today exnelled three active members. { The real reason for the expulsion of Kramer, Pusstay and Borodkin | ther procved* with ‘their corrupt and destructive methods: Members of thé Furniture Work- men of the 10,000,000 unemployed, Portland Mayor Waves Flag, PUT FURNITURE evening. Come: and bring your friends. Mayor Wi |of the International Labor Defense. Ue AD ot the detente Beate’ /-the bazaar will be held-Peb, 19-22 at Star Casino, 107th St. and Park Ave. NEW YORK—Strikers of the Com- erely slugged in the Board of Est: The girls in the 49th St. shop have | mercial Upholstery Shop call upon was that these have led the fight in | the union for rank and file strike) committees in the recent strike which | are there with the purpose of expos- Labor Defender was widely circulated | the officials lost completely, in 12) ing the reactionary policies and and several applications were re- | snops with 200 members, and because | methods of the A. F. of L. misleaders, ceived. | they fought the ten per cent wag?| ang to fight for the militant policies Speakers pointed out that while the | cut which the officials are forcing | o¢ the Trade Union Unity League} Negro workers were being lynched,| cn the members. {and the Furniture Workers’ Indus- jim-crowed and segregated, a sharp | Railroaded Out | trial League. attack has also been launched against | The Furniture Workers’ Industrial | ers’ Industrial League’ belonging: to Local 76 and other A: -F. of L. unions all furniture workers to come to the furniture workers picket line this morning at 7:30 a, m. at the corners |of Rockaway and Newport Aves. in Brooklyn. The boss has threatened the workers that they would have plenty of gangsters and. thugs to try to stop the picketing. The workers must answer the boss by coming tc picket the shop. mates Chamber and later beatc nearly to death in the basement o the. city hall. When the trial comes up a- Wednesday, they will be tried bef: Judges Salmon, Feschi and Hea’ Mayor Walker has been subpoened as one of the witnesses, and the as- sistant district attorney announced criminates against a worker becaus? of ‘his color or nationality. ‘The special Negro number of the The Portland, Oregon, newspapers carried a huge headline on February 10th reporting the demonstration; “Jobless Ask City Aid.” The story | tells of Fred Walker, organizer of the| Young Communist League, presenting | the demands, Mayor Baker of Port- land waved ‘the flag and said ‘he would “not have that flag slurred.” But Comrade Walker told how mil- already started work preparing all sorts of articles for the miscéllaneous booth they will have at the bazaar, They have issued a statement declar- ing: “We want to help free all class war prisoners and fight deporta- tions and the capitalist terror by doing our bit to make the I. L. D. _ BACK IN HOUSE Unemployed Council In Successful Action ‘The Downtown Unemployed Coun- cil yesterday victoriously defended an the foreign-born workers, this being | | stay came up at the last quarterly prevalent in the numerous workers | x ess q y facing deportation. Among the work- | meeting two weeks ago, and the mass ers up for deportation is a member of | sentiment was against it. The mect- the Santiago Brooks Branch, Ma-| ing broke up. ; chada, | The officials then haled Borodkin Other Meetings Called | before the executive last Friday, and i .,| after a few formal questions, the The Santiago Brooks branch will | chairman, without taking a vote of held other meetings at this corner on the executive even, declared him ex- the 14th 16th and 19th. Special efforts pelled and told him to stay away will be made on the 19th to persuade from the meeting Wednesday night, the crowd to remain intact and pro- | canted to expel the other two. Borod- ceed to the district bazaar at Star iin showed the Ebadi: sad tise peaine. ‘in hola a| officials finally decided to railroad The Gonzales branch will hold @ an three together at the special meet- meeting next Thursday at 100th St. ing Wednesday. ‘The expulsion of Kramer and Pus- | Teague calls upon the members of Local 76 to fight against further at- ‘ompts of the officials to expel the tive and militant workers of the al, to intensify the fight against the fakers in your local and to fight for the following policies proposed by the Furnittre Workers’ Industrial League affiliated to the Trade Union | Unity League: 1. A militant fight against wage cuts and speed-up. 2. For the rank and file control of the ,lecgl through the Shop Committee | system. 3. For a broad rank and file | Strike Committee to lead strikes. 4, For one union in the furniture in- lions were being starved under that flag in the name of capitalism. workers who responded to the call o | Washington, the report from tha (CONTINUED ON PAGE THREE) “An American | Tragedy” in Revival Telling about the thousands of |the Unemployed Council in Tacoma, __at Waldorf * This week will see three new plays unemployed worker's family from eviction and returned the furniture to the flat of M. Epamaska, of 236 ¢| Monroe street, while cops looked on | and dicks stood around, but did noth- | ing in the face of 75 workers from the Council, Epamaska, jobless for months, was out looking for work when the city marshall put the furniture out on the sidewalk, where Epamaska found it on his return from fruitless search |for work. In the meantime, the worker's wife had been sent by some- one to the Unemployed Council at 27 East 4th Street, and the Council it t that he would be present on Wednes- The trial is scheduled to be day. held in the criminal court building, bazaar a success. We challenge the workers in the Hattie Carnegie Sith St. shop to establish a booth | of their own and prepare more We alse challerge all other dress shops to enter this socialist com- Center and Franklin Streets, petition with us.” articles than we will have in ours. This challenge has already been ac- AMUSEMENTS | cepted by another dress shop whose workers are arranging a bazaa shower in order to collect articles Fight lynching. Fight deporta- and Third Ave. and the Nat Turner branch has arranged meetings for Thursday at 133rd St. and Lenox Ave. March first the combined branches ‘Will hold a mass meeting at Harlem dustry. | Fight against expulsions! Fight for democracy in the union! Join the Furniture Workers’ Indus- At the special meeting, only those with paid up books were allowed to vote, which is not the usual custom | in this union, where most are out of | | work. Borodkin was allowed, by the | ‘rial Union! chairman’s rule, to speak, and the| Attend protest mass meeting, Feb. and four return engagements of old | ™™™ediately acted. | plays on Broadway. The new pro- | ductions are: “Heat Wave,” opening at the Fulton Theatre on Tuesday night. This opus is by Roland Pert- wee and has Basil Rathbone, Betty EAST SIDE—BRONX PREY RENE Ti Ata NOL nl ene NEIGHBORHOOD THEATRES =| tion of foreign born. Elect dele- | gates to your city conference for Protection of foreign born. DR. J. MINDEL Surgeon Dentist 1 UNION SQUARE Boom 803 Phone: Algonquin 8183 Not connected with any other office ;CAMEO 42nd. ST. £ B'WAY. American Premiere ! 2nd Big Week! Casino, 116th St. and LeCnox Ave. to protest against the deportation of Machada, Li, Serio, Bebrics, anti other workers. Rudolph Johnson, young Negro worker, very militant and active, and business agent allowed to speak | 20, at 7:30 p. m. at 16 W. 2lst Street, against him, the other two were not | New York City. jallowed the floor at this meeting,| (Signed) Executive Committee, Fur- | neither was any one else, niture Workers’ Industrial Gangsters Gather League, 3 Star—Tremendous Thrill... ..”—NEWS “By. Rocket to the Moon” decidedly worth secing.”—-HERALD TRIBUNE A DREAM COMES TRUE! Lawford and Selena Royle heading the cast. “The Gang's All Here,” a musical show by Oscar Hammerstein 2d, Morrie Ryskind, Russel Crouse and Lewis E. Gensler, is due at the Im- RKO ACTS ALgonquin 4-7712 Office Hours: 9 A. M.-8 A. P.M. Fri, and Sun. by Appoin' Dr. J. JOSEPHSON | one who is being defended by the| Gangsters, henchmen of the ma- ILD against. the boss courts charged | chine, were there to intimidate an: perial Theatre on Wednesday. Ted a SURGEON DENTIST with assaulting a police officer dur-| members who might try to oppose the ‘Ewes THEATRES Healy and Tom Howard are the chief sinc dpa ee ee 226 SECOND AVENUB ing a demonstration recently, will be| steam roller. ME—Eddie Leonard) comedians, Selence has prepared a fiery chariot in "e Near 14th Streat, New York Clty z toured through the Buffalo district | ‘The three were expelled. sea ok jace Artists, Ben Blue,| «The Great Barrington,” by Frank: pe sper a da oie Ete gain a - according to M. Stern, organizer. The| ‘This is only the beginning of the au pito, a esi . ies Lyons, Clyde] jin Russell, opens at the Avon The- Saeae nt a tour is arranged as follows: Niagara | campaign of disruption, by the of- push jarsoni and Kharum, Luster! aire on Thursday night. Otto Kru- eat b Falls, 17th; Rochester, 18th; Syra-| ficials, who openly announce that a ers and Six Franklins. On the| ger, Charles Dalton and Suzanne — Sundays 10AM-3 Pa | 8 cuse, 19th; Utica, 20th; Albany and| number of others will be “investi- bani “The Seas Beneath,” with) Gaubaye are the principals in this DR J LEVIN | Seaeanien its and Gattnd ame.” | ae STH STREET—“Litie Caesar:"| Met. OTIS SKINNER, 2 = SURGEON DENTIST | lamestown, a a) le It should be thoroughly realized. by wid * | “Death Takes a Holiday” is the $ I ‘Twenty thousand leaflets dealing the rank and file in this union that | “ith Edward G. Robinson. On the) principal item of the old productions ‘ORD Ste q | Prareetent ara ‘BROORLYS, Red r with general persecution of the Ne-| the fight is not over. There are still | S#8¢: Venita Gould, Murlal Kaye,| to return here. Philip Merivale will t gro and white workers have been| many who are in or sympathetic to it apse Brothers, Marry Hol- | again play the chief role in the Ca- s printed and are ready for distribu-| the Trade Union Unity League and | >'0OK and “Sons O'Guns” ensemble, | cella opus, which will be housed at | Rational Vegetarian§ | 1 tion along with the Labor Defender | jts policies for rank and file contro}. | Motten and Mayo. the Ambassador Theatre. The others | ~~ £4 t and other ILD literature. Five thou-| The fight will go on. 81ST STREET—Harry Delmar and) inchude: ; Directed by Frits Lane Restaurant = sand will be distributed in Buffalo. : sis revue, Ray an dHarrison, Fleu-| «Topaze,” the Pagnol satire on|) ‘ WEEK OF SOVIET FILMS who made ‘Metropotis” 199 SECOND AVENUE Loe All Branches Must Act Geb Jeoftrie, chappelle and Carlton. | crooked politics and politicians in its ee Bot. 12th and 18th Bts. | 4 ‘ In every district, section and town 5 bade ‘Little Caesar.” For the sec- original French, opens at the Forty- TODAY Theatre Guild Productions ™' EDGAR WALLACE’S PLAY Strictly Vegetarian Food ' there are many Negro organizations, Wi tats On = sy big oath the screen | ninth St. Theatre tonight. ‘This play : Green Grow the Lilacs ON THE SPOT | oo lodges and clubs. ‘The branches must cates a et.” Vaudeville: | ras been translated into Russian and 66 an smilie e ome: | MONDAYS wad, TIS, ce enn ie ter payin Sve nase) NOW cumpg, sae fe iy || ASR : tions for affiliations and support of Bien ob vehi ey and company, | aimost a year. Ste, The Sot 20 || EDGAR WALLACE’s ForREST THR. HEALTH FOOD | igen tonal ig kt tence AE RL aan nee “Gods of the Lightning,” by Max- B ab lon’ 5 a i eg Med alte ted | on part ofthe ght-aonthe Pan of the| Poe" Stad ptt Al Manet a | —— weil “Anderon and Harold Heke y Elizabeth the Queen eee ae Vegetarian Restauran\| | : renentn ILD and every effort must be made | to Join 131 W. 28th St. (ist floor.) So oer eet My tite a Sovkino Film of the Paris Commune ntl Camere, eee eas ARTHUR ‘BYRON in 1600 MADISON AVENUE ris to build our Negro department. TUESDAY. —. 1931 CALENDAR FREE! Py sp couehM geared 4 ie and Piast can ae F Phone University 5863 nem Kearney’s dramatization of Dreiser’s || Wednesday.........“TWO DAYS” Martin Beck W. of Bway ne IVE STAR FINAL | “five inal” electrio and alive j The Negro workers must be mobil- ized to fight with the white workers for the release of all class war = oners, against deportations all forms of white terror. five. 8:40, Mtn. Th. & Rat. 240 Extra Monday Feb. 234 ituyvesant 8816 John’s Restaurant SPECIALTY: ITALIAN DISHES: A_ place with atmosphere “Unemployment” will be the topic of Nessin's lecture at the Downtown Unemployed Coun- cil, 27 EB, 4th St, at 2 p,m, WEDNESDAY— SUN. CORT THEATRE, West of 48th Stree Evenings 8:50, Mats, Wedd, and Sat, 2:30 perennial pute BURKE ®"¢ 'ver NOVELLO Historical data on big. events of the class struggle in the first an- nual Daily Worker Calendar. Free with six months sub or renewal. Thursday ....“IN OLD SIBERIA” SUN—MON. .. .... “Al YEMEN novel, will be presented at the Wal- dorf Theatre on Friday. Roy Har- grave and Ruth Nugent play the im- portant roles in this revival. a ae IVIC REPERTORY 24% St 6th A, 30 Mats. Th, & Sat. 2:30 incco-Vanzetti-Branch, I. L. D, 4 Furniture Workers ip ect ean nieceiae RONX PLAYHOUSE || “we Lad aon dy Director fo = rousing, rallleking riot of laughs where all radjcale meet | “Workers? Defense in Courts,” ti dear age tinnegd | PCOS THE TRUTH GAME || 20: e. 12th st. “New ¥c Protest Meet Feb. 20 Comrade Lina Goldin, wife of Comrade I. Goldin of Section 4, PRBRMAN (WAREBE SUENAT EEA: |i rom, Wight hile ll eile THURSDAY G Unit 2, who died suddenly at age 50 on Monday, Feb. 16, 1931. emits tea ae naar het Mint ots RO are Phoebe FOSTER *™4 Vile TREE - | NEW —The Furnit '- Drug Clerks ; , j sn he une wl ake place on TMheccnyeeNs WRAEE® || aavertse vow Unlom Mest Brenings A:50, Mate, Wed, and Sat, 2240/1 Here, For Information Write } ers’ Industrial League calls upon all| <pecial meeting takes furniture workers to come to a Pro- ‘Aves Called, ex test Meeting against the expulsion | Industrial Unio campaign initiated by the officials of the Upholsterers’ Union Local 16. This meeting will be held on Friday, 20th, 7:30 p. m. at 16 W, dist Feb. Bt, City. pee at 8 p,m. th St, and @nd Medical Workers mn affiliated with the ino, WEDNESDAY, FEBRUARY 18, 1931 at 11 A. M. from Comrade Goldin’s house, 82 Washington Place, Bronx, N. Y, th Ave. Express to Sheridan Square The DAILY WORKE! Advertising: Department 50 East 13th St, New York g AS YOU DESIRE ME By LUIGE PIRANDELLO wit JUDITH ANDERSON MAXINE ELLIOT’S Thea., 39th KE. of B'y Byes, 8:50 Matinoes Wed, & Sat, 2:30, > wz me show NEW YORK Eadie Leonerd—-Ben Bive . on the screen Sinlin Branch, F. 8, U. A. B. Mawil will talk on’ the Soviet Chien from which he has just re- turned. ‘The lecture will be followed by # oSviet film, “Living Corpse” by er ill Tolstoy, Adm. 260, with GEO. O'BRIEN |