The Daily Worker Newspaper, August 25, 1930, Page 4

Published by the Comprodatls Page Four .., New York City, N ee = By JORGE. Salty Be the Way. udes likely didn’t fig- d have 8,000,000 jobless preacher, Rey nue] Baptist ays he did. Taking the text are the salt of the earth; but if the salt has lost its savor, wherewith shall it be salted?” he began a salt selling campaign “to decrease unemployment man buys salt from the manufacturer, , and ‘disposes of it through agents.” “puts numbers of jobless men to work anc the revenue of Matthew of the Be the Since Gandhi started out to sell salt in order to get independence for India, holy church.” men seem to be getting holier than ever. But why jobless workers who have nothing to eat should be given a dose of salts is beyond us. * * . A Wise Fool. Ex-Ambassador Gerard, who is such a lunk- head that he doesn’t know enough keep quiet on things that shouldn’t be mentioned in mixed company, has blurted out the truth that 59 big capitalists rule the United States. Not that he’s against it. Oh, no! He’s for it. As ambassador to Germany before America entered the war to rescue Morgan’s loans to the Allies. he got cocky with Von Jagow, a sabre rattler for the Kaiser, who cautioned Gerard that there were 2,000,000 Germans in America. “Ye said Gerard, “and we, thank God, have 2,000,000 lamp posts to hang them on!” Which shows Gerard’s kindly mission as an ambassador of “peace and good will.” In- cidentally, the British papers take a poke at his notion that if Britain puts on a high tar- iff and could have these 59 “great minds,” it would be even “more prosperous” than the U. S. A. and England would be rid of its 2,000,000 unemployed. They say that “the argument might be more effective if not put forward at a*time when unemployment in the United States is a good deal higher than in England itself.” Quick! A Young Man For Uncle Sam! It now appears that the 100 per cent Amer- icans who get epileptic over their claim (which is not true) that Soviet Russia “don’t pay its debts,” have some glass houses right at home. The “Weekly Bond Buyer,” published at 67 Pearl St., New York, reveals that 25 Florida cities have defaulted on the bonds—refused to pay back the money they borrowed; more, that many others are going to do the same; and still more, that “this is not limited to Florida” but that Texas cities are beginning to default on their bonds, also county sub-divisions in y, and the city of Cohoes, N. Y. s, the paper says that many large sized cities in the farm area “will have dif- ficulties this winter.” Millions of corporation bonds are in default, millions more of building and apartment bonds, but this idea of cities and counties, and big cities refusing to pay their debts, is something that even Lovestone will have a hard time explaining as “a sign of strength of American cepitalism.” Soviet Russia has no liking to pay debis the Czar made to get money to shoot the workers, but it pays its way, thank you. Publishing Co. Inc. 4 Y Telephone S except September 1 and the Elections By J. L. P. “6,000 Workers Swamp 135 Jobs.” “1,500 Textile Workers Strike Wage Cuts in Bessamer City, near G pees ITY stories are printed daily about Job Bureau for Against tonia.” the return of prosperity, increase of em ployment and of “Hooverian” prom of re- Nothing is further from the earth. It eems almost axiomatic that as the stories of relief appear, unemployment incre: The index of production in the major industries and the car loadings (or its lowest point since crisis) are indicative of the exact opposite of the press reports. The economists of the capi- talist class when speaking directly to their masters and not for “public” consumption see nothing but increased unemployment and de cline of production, which means more misery for the working class. This ballyhod that is being printed in the election can the capitalist press is part of the paign material being put out by bo parties. Each party blames the ot for the economic situation but none offer relief for the unemployed. The incident the other day at the state unemployment office where 6.000 workers demanded jobs is not an exception b is symptomic of the growing unemployment and the deepening of the crisis. An attempt is being made to utilize the un- employment situation a club over the heads of the employed workers. This accounts for the offensive that is being made in the form of wage cuts in all industrie The strugglein Bessemer City, scene of the famous Gastonia struggle, is one of the whole series of strikes against wage cuts that are breaking out in all sections of the country. This is the work ers’ answer to. the attempt of the bosses tu lower their already low standard of living. Unity between the unemployed and employed workers must become a living re September First, the day set aside for dem onstration against unemployment, is an in tegral part of the election campaign. Th? struggle against unemployment and for the Social Insurance Bill is the very center of the Communist Party campaign. In the state of New York we ea “Social Insurance Bill” but this is so openly a fraud that even the capit parties do not dare trot it forward. The Insurance Bill demands genuine mainten ance, The workers will fight—not starve! The building of the unemployment councils must be intensified, as a means of organizing the unempioyed for rle. The capitalist parties are making the fake issue of prohibi tion the ma’. issue in the election campaign Wet or dry, the workers will still face starva tion. The socialist party, capitalist party with a fake cloak, makes graft and corruption its central issue and endorses the (Hooverian) bosses! plans for the “solution” (wage cuts and speed-up) of the unemployment question It is only the Communist Party that is util izing the election campaign as a means of mobilizing workers, both employed and unem ployed in a struggle against unemployment. September First must be the means of cen tering the attention of the workers in all se- tions of the country on the election platform of the Communist Party. Sunday, at 26-28 Union HAT WOrths.” | | | Daily Central Ofer tS U orker ist Party U.S.A. “THE TAIL GOES WITH, THE HIDE” By mat! everywte! SUBSCRIPTION RATES: One year $6; six months §: Realizing a bit late that ht exposure of the fact that “59 men rule America,” all capitalists, would awaken many workers who have been foolishly thinking that it was a “democracy,” Ex-Ambassador Gerard has added Bill Green and Mattie Woll, the two fascist labor bureau- crats, to his list. But they are merely servants of “the 59.” ARCUS GARVEY has heralded himself far and wide as the Moses who is to deliver the Negro peoples from oppression, the liber- | ator who is to free Africa and other Negro The State Convention of the A. F. of L. ot North Carolina By M. H. POWERS. ‘HE North Carolina State Federation of La- bor held a three days’ convention in Salis- bury. This is the first after the betrayal of the Marion™werkers < d after the bitter at- tacks of tlie “AF. of L. misleaders against the Gastonia strike,;~and the many other “victories” which the A. F. of L. may claim to its credit. It is important to note that this convention took place at a time when the crisis in industry in this state is at its sharpest. At no other time were the conditions of the workers so miserable. Unemployment, terrorism, lynch- ings, are the order of the day. A brief analysis of the composition and the size of the convention will show clearly the absolute degeneracy of the A. F, of L. in this state, and prove that by no means did the convention represent any important section of the working class of North Carolina, The cap- italist papers have played up the convention big. They have claimed between eighty and one hundred delegates. There were not more than about fifty or sixty delegates, the rest being professional fakers, visitors, etc. "There were only eight or ten textile delegates. The rest represented central labor bodies, small locals of blacksmiths, plasterers, bricklayers, | and the railroad brotherhoods. The A. F. of L. claimed they have 2000 members in the Greens- borough mills. Where then was the textile dele- gation? The convention delegates were welcomed by the representatives of the Chamber of Com- merce, the mayor, the American Legion, preach- ers, etc. Each one spoke a lot of the wonderful State of North Carolina, “prosperity,” the “gol- den rule,” “peace and cooperation,” and the fat delegates enthusiastically applauded. Agents of the War Department. The key speech of the convention was de livered- by Paul Smith, well known red-baiter and chairman of the so-called Southern Organ ization Committee of the A. F. of L. He first assured everyboly that the American Federa tion of Labor is an “American Institution,” that there is more “Americanism” in the A, F. L. than in any other organization he knows of. The boast of “Americanism” is often made by the K.K.K., the “Caucasian Crusaders,” and other gangster organizations of the bosses, who when referring to “Americanism” mean the lynching of Negro workers, the shooting of white workers when on strike, and the con- ducting of general terror against the worki class. The A. F. of L. is also a part of thi “Americanism.” insists Mr. Smith. He strongly resents any charge to the contrary. For Imperialist: War. One passage of his speech was of specia importance, Mr, Smith sy s of 1917, “When world demowney was thees’oned, the present of the United S.aics called in the great pres | ident of the A. of L. to consult with him on labor’s stand. And after that a conference of 118 international unions was held, and Sam- uel Gompers, in the name of our great labor movement informed the president of the United States that organized labor will stand behind our government in the fight to save the world for democracy. Let me tell those who call us | foreign agitators, that labor always stood and will stand in the future behind the government of the United States.” | mas This statement, viewed in the light of the | recent developments, of the tions for war, the expenlitures of billions of dollars for armaments, the sharp attack of the state department on the Soviet Union, the Fish Investigation Committee, and especially the at- tack of Matthew Woll and the A. of L. in general against the Communist Party and the Soviet Union, makes it clear that the A. F. of evish prepara- | L, is working as the direct agent of the U. S. | War Department. Bill the same that Samuel American working cl: war. reen will do exactly to the next Wall Street For Class Peace and Profits. In speaking of the aims of the A. F. of L. in the South, Smith said, “We're in the South to make industry more profitable by establish- ing greater efticiency and elimination of We're against unnecessary strikes accomplish these aims. through peaceful means. Not a word was said about the vicious cam- paign of terrorism, the eviction of hundreds of families from company house the six Marion strikers, responsibility for which falls upon the fat fakers of the A. F, of L. Needless to say that such questions as unem- ployment insurance, old age pension, were e tirely out of order in this “labor conveniion.” There was only one Negro worker in the whole so-called convention. He was sitting all by himself, way in the back, and did not dare to ask for the floor. The A. F. of L. is openly dvocating and practising the policy of the s, Segregation and Jim Crowism. The ens of cases of lynchings and mob violence »gainst Negro workers which is a part of the terror campaign of the bosses against all the workers in general, were not even mentioned because most of the A. I’, of L. fakers present naturally support lynchings an-1 would them- selves gladly participate in lynching mobs, A. F. of L. Supports Bulwinkle, The whole line of Paul Smith's speech was that of attack against the “reactionary repub- lican adminis ration” and full of praise for the “democratic democrats.” This means that in ns the A, . will support Betws st_of the spree to Pot vi d Gackag the past | through iompers did: sell the | | out? the murder of | lands, The calibre of this “liberator” is vividly ex- posed in an article in “The Blackman,” Gar- vey’s Jamaica paper, of June 28, in which Garvey gives to the frightfully oppressed Ne- gro ma: of Jamaica the treacherous and slavish advice that, in their struggle against oppression, they must do nothing that would offend their oppressors. Native Bourgeoisie in Fear. At this moment the spectre of Communism is haunting the white and native bourgeoisie of Jamaica, the principal slave pen of British imperialism in the West Indies. The bourgeois press of that British colony has made the fear some discovery that the island has been vis- ited by a Communist. triple column front page arti- cles and arduous editorials are used to whip the population to a frenzy of red_ hysteria. Communism is blatantly denounced. The bit- terly exploited laboring masses of the island, who are forced to exist ofthe verge of starva: tion, under semi-feudal conditions of exploita- tion, are pamted as a care-free, happy and contented lot, who, with the coming of Com- munist influences, must be guarded against the realization that 12 and 14 hours a day slaving in the broiling tropic sun at stevedor- ing or on the banana and cane plantations, isn’t just paradise, and that 75 cents a day wages for such labor ain’t just grand and magnificent. And particularly exasperating to the Jam- aica bosses is the success realize] by Com- rade Huiswood in organizing several unions in the island with a membership, credited by the bourgeoisie, at six hundred. Bosses Call on Garvey. In their predicament the bosses call upon Marcus Garvey. Perferyid orator, spectacular clown and peddler of illusions that he is, the bosses of Jamaica have already learned that Garvey can be trusted to help in diverting the s from militant methods of struggle and that he is adept in covering up his treachery with a generous use of struggle-phrases. Was it not Marcus Garvey who saved the city of Kingston, Jamaica, from a longshoremen’s strike? Did not Garvey advise a delegation of longshoremen who called upon him for leadership, to buy new overalls and go back to work? Did he not lecture these rebels to the effect that the bosses had to have their profits? Moreover, does he not ceaselessly peddle illusions of escape to Africa, escape capitalism, escape through super- natural intervention, to the Negro masses groaning under oppression and seeking a way So the bourgeois press gleefully records that Mareus Garvey opposed the efforts of Huiswood to induce the U. N. I. A. convention to take up the struggle against impe-ialte~, and describes how Garvey prevented the con- vention from even putting itself on record as in the slightest degree opposed to that very system by which the Negro peoples of the world are subjugated and oppressed, and against which any real struggle for Negro lib- eration must be waged, And, like the traditional faithful hound re- sponding to his master’s voice, Marcus Gar- The A.J * L, is truly the fascist agent onthern capital’st slave drivers. Workers Ore>: for Strike. bd This convention of the A. F. of L., more so than any previous convention, was most reac- tionary and openly fascist. The workers are tearning of the role of the A. F. of L. in the South, Especially do the workers of Greens- borough and Danville, where the A, F, of L. has succeeded in temporarily mislea ling see- tions of the working class, know this. On September First, National Unemployment Day, the day of struggle for social insurance, the workers will answer the A, F. of L. mis- leaders by rallying around the Trade Union Unity League and the Communist Party for the struggle for social insurance for the unem- ployed, aged «nd the sick. The struggle against the Paul Smiths an! all the rest of the A. F. of L, crowd is a part of this struggle, Workers! Organize and strike against wage of th cuts, speed up! Bild strong militant, industrial unions! Psst the A. F. of Li! . Vo'e Communist in the fall election cam paign! ! \ ' ee two months $1; excepting Boroughs of Manhattan and Gronx, New York City, and foreign, which are: One yr. $8; six mons. $4.50 vey answers the call of the brutal exploiters of the Jamaican masses and shamelessly comes forward with the treacherous and slavish prin- ciple that the oppressed colonial masses “would not dare to accept nad foster some- thing that was tabooed by the mother coun- try.” This is the same as telling the masses they cannot struggle against oppression, can- not strive to better their conditions, cannot wage the struggle to liberate their class and race from imperialist slavery. Such struggles are tabooed by the “Mother Country.” It was in this same spirit of treachery that Marcus Garvey a few years ago told the Negro masses that, “Negroes must be loyal to all flags under which they live!” Oppressors His Friends. To Marcus Garvey the oppressing imperial- ism is the “Mother Country”! To Marcus Garvey the imperialist oppressors are, in his own words, “friends who have treated him (the Negro), if not fairly, with some kind of consideration”! British imperialism, with its long record of fraud and punitive expeditions against the African peoples, of native states ruined by missionary intrigue and imperialist treachery, of native cultures savagely ground under foot, is the adored motherland of Marcus Garvey! The British imperialists, their hands dripping with the blood of countless Negroes murdered outright or driven by robbéry off their Jands and brutal economic exploitation to starvation, are the friends of Marcus Garvey! Sees Struggles as Disrepute. Further serving to expose the treacherous role of Marcus Garvey as the friend and de- fender of imperialism are his additional re- marks in the article in question. Referring to the unions organized by Huiswood, and held in deadly fear by the local native and white bourgeoisie, because organized on lines of mili- tant struggle against the dreadful conditions existing in the island of Jamaica, Marcus Gar- vey says, “We feel sure that after the expose (that is, the red hysteria in the bourgeois press—C, B.) the people who innocently linked themselves up with the gentleman in question, will forego any future attempt which might bring them into greater disrepute.” Disrepute with whom? With the toiling masses struggling against terrific colonial exploita- tion? No! Disrepute with the exploiters, with the imperialist oppressors! That is the disrepute that Garvey fears! And he goes on to make yet another self-revealing statement: “It may be right to create the alarm to pre- vent innocent and ignorant people embracing this militant political danger, but to accuse directly anyone of being wholly Communistic, seems far-fetched. We believe that if any- body has been reached it is only ignorant peo- ple who play with fire, without knowing it.” Communism, Garvey here admits, is a mili- tant political danger to imperialism, and as such, a threat to the very existence of that system responsible for the subjugation and enslavement of millions of Negroes through- out the world, to that system which in recent months has drowned in blood the liberation struggles of the revolutionary masses of South Africa, Nigeria, East Africa, Haiti, ete., and is at this very moment engaged in shooting down the heroic workers ani peasants of India and in open and deliberate intervention in the struggle of the Chinese masses against the native tools of imperialism. Communism threatens the existence of this system of rapine and murder, of subjugation and enslavement of the colonial masses, this system which has built up an_ elaborate ideology of white superiority and supremacy and race jatred and Negro inferiority where- by to justify its slaughter of the colonial peo- ples and its super-exploitation of the Ameri- can Negro masses. So, Marcus Garvey at- tacks Communism! And hastens to assure his imperialist masters that the Universal Negro Improvement Association has nothing in com- mon with Communism, “To show the great gulf between us ar Communism,” whines Marcus Garvey for the ears of the imperi 8, “not many weexs ve: the sail Communist agent sent to the island a batch of newspapers, in which Marcus Gar- vey and the Universal Negro Improvement As- sociation were attacked as being bourgeois. and that the organization was capitalistic in its tendency.” And does Garvey deny the in- dictment that his organization tends to support the system under which Negroes are exploited, and that its leadership, from Marcus Garvey down to his most obedient rubber stomp, seeks only a levver parcicipation in that exnloita- tivg? On the contrary, he uses the inliet- ment to furnish proof to the imperialist op- pressors of his solidarity with the oppressing | class! In effect, he tells the imperialis Look, we are attacked as being on your in the struggle between the ploited mass and their exploiters. Now, you know where we stand, so don’t be alarmed if at times we indulge in militant phrases; such phrases are used simply to deceive the masses into the belief that we are waging a struggle against you, their oppressors.” But the Negro m are no longer being fooled by Garvi phrases, Thi: weakened state of the provement Association which tod: boast one-half its former membership, However, Garvey and the rest of the U. N. I. A. leadership still constitute a very sinister danger to the Negro masses and their strug- gle for liberation. This was shown in the al- tiance of the Garvey leadership with the po- lice of New York in the murder of Alfred Levy, Negro revolutionary worker, and again in this latest treacherous alignment of Garvey with the native and foreign exploiters of the black masses of Jamaica. It is the task of the Communist Party to ruthlessly unmask this treacherous and reac- tionary leadership, and to win the Negro masses for the revolutionary struggle against imperialism and for the overthrow of all and class oppression, at the same time rallying the white masses to support of the struggles of the Negro masses. de 's left is clearly demonstrated in the Universal Negro Im- ce Several Towns in New England and the T.U; U.-L. y JOSEPH NORTH. IN many of the industrial towns of New Eng: land one out of every two men is out of a job. The most common sight in entering a Massachusetts city is to come upon the public square, invariably decorated with the statue of a world war soldier—To the Glorious Dead”— and find the square dotted with dozens of un- employed sitting and sleeping on the benche To take for an example the three towns: cannot | Fitchburg, Gardner and Maynard. A ding to statisties in the August 19 Worcester Tele- gram, out of 17 factories in Fitchburg, with a normal number of employed* fixed at 2,755, 1,485 are “on full time.” The Finnish comrades say the figures are undoubtedly colored, that those on the job, are working two, three days a week, In Gardner, “The Chair City of the World,” where the entire nomy is given over to the manufacture of chairs, the Telegram records “1,053 on full time” out of 20 factories report- ing normally 2,401 employes. Wages have been slashed as high as 25 per cent. Workers for- merly drawing $30 a week are bringing home $18 on pay-day when they work a full wee Thirty cents an hour is the best price the boss- es will give for help today. In Maynard, a town built up around a huge plant of the American Woolen Company, 2,000 out of the 3,000 employes of this corporation, are walking the streets, Speed-up has reached unbelievable heights. Four men now work on the table in the dry- finishing department where 16 workers for- merly labored. In the card room the rippers have been speeded-up so that one man does the work for three. “We work only two, three days a week,” one of the workers told me, “and if we pull down $40 a month at the average, it’s pretty good.” “Seasonal!” The State Department of Labor and Inlus- tries of Massachusetts calls this picture “sea- sonal unemployment.” fn a report issued in Boston, August 19, this bosses’ statistical agency admitted the following: “A seasonal decrease in employment and payrolls in manu- facturing in Massachusetts in July compared with June was noted today in a survey re- ‘eased by the State Department. The number of wage earners decreased 5.4 per cent, the ag- gvegate weekly earnings decreased 6.5 per cent and average weekly earnings 1.2 per cent.” Conditions have reache! such a stage that the status of Worcester, a city of 200,900 is considered “excellent” in the report. It was admitted of 66 factories in Worcester employ- ing 17,206 normally, 8,452 are on full time. “Bxcellent! 2” To meet these condi in the gre incu is, two leading hents of Woveest-r. the Corn'y Nationol Bank with ils chain in Barre, North Bookfield, Spen- and not submerge Who Bears the Burden of the Crisis? By WILLIAM Z. FOSTER. Candidate for Governor of New York State. Communist ET me say at the outset I shall do whatever I can in spite of my present position, to be worthy of the confidence reposed on me by the Party by nominating me to head its New York state ticket in the fall elections, The worsening economic situation in the U. S. rapidly radicalizing vast millions of workers in spite of growing boss terror, the capitaligg ¢ nn’t succeed in crushing militant fight- ing spirit of the American workers, The jailing of militant workers can’t halt the determina- tion of the masses to resist the bosses’ wage cuts, increasing speed up and exploitation, On the contrary, the coming elections offer a splendid opportunity to organize the masses of discontented wo s, to awaken their class consciousness, to unite them under the leader-| ship of the Communist Party for struggle against capitalism. For the first time our Par- ty must enter the present election campaign’ with the utmost vigor. American and world capitalism today, is ini a deep crisis which capitalism can’t solve. Ove! 7,000,000 workers are now unemployed and th number is increasing. Millions of men, wome! and children are forced to starve. New Yor! State has its full share of these—over on million. The lies of Hoover and his agent: can't conceal this crisis, With the approach o: next fall and the shutting down of outsid work undoubtedly industry will drop into a fa deeper sag than that of last winter. The bosses are putting the burden of the crisis on the workers. Unemployed are led t starve, speed up is increasing, wages ar slashed. The tax burden is more and mor shifted by direct and indirect means upon the, backs of the workers and poor farmers. T break the resistance and militancy of the work- ers, to destroy the pirit of struggle for bet-| ter conditions, the bosses are resorting mor and more to fascist means of terror and sup-| pression. A wide campaign of terror and lynching was initiated by the bosses against! the Negro workers. To the demands of the mil- lions of unemployed fighting under the leader- ship of the Communist Party and the revolu- tionary trade unions for work or wages and social insurance, the bosses have answered with an “investigation” of the Communist activities in the United States. This is only a part of the general campaign of the bosses to defeat the workers by crushing the revolutionary leader of the working class, the Trade Union Unity League and particularly the Communist Party. | (From Foster’s Acceptance Speech delivered at New York County Penitentiary, Hart's Island, N. Y.) ; cer, Clinton, Webster and Fitchburg, affiliated with the Bank and Trust Company. Where Is the T.U.U.L.? In the face of this bitter depression what do we find of the T.U.U.L.? So far, absolutely nothing. Despite the fact that each of these! towns name! so far have a strong Finnish workers’ club, belonging to the Finnish Federa- | tion, we find not a one T.U.U.L. group. i “We cannot speak English,” is the chief ex- cuse given for not having drawn other workers, non-Fins, into their movement. It appears that too zealously the Fins hug their party prin- ciples to themselves, maintaining a closed cor- poration in the face of all responsible workers. Use Labor Unity! The use of Labor Unity, for instance, to acquaint American) workers, or those of other nationalities, with revolutionary trade unionism is absolutely unknown. Not one Labor Unity was being taken in any of the above towns, outside of Worcester. Outside of the Finnish papers, Eteenpain, ete, no English working- class paper is seen. Despite the fact that young Finns are Eng- lish speaking, and many of them have formed active Labor Sports Union elubs, the Young gue is non-existent, practically, Coramunist Lea in this district. It is no er to the Finnish comrades that no stronger movement in these New England industrial towns is observable. They have buried themselves so deeply in activity in their own clanrish groups, some of them sunk so deeply in debt to maintain expensive halls, that they cannot lift their heads up long enough to or- ganize even those Fins not belonging to their groups. The reaction of the New England workers, judged by the response at out-door meet- in Worcester, where several hundred work- show up eagerly at the City Hall steps every Sunday evening, is extremely favorable. It is high time real organization is begun in these towns, consisting 100 per cent, prac- tically, of workers and their families, Will it be possible for them to break through the ele ness of our organizations? The prospects are not so dark, however, as might be imagined from the foregoing, Talk of organization into the T.U.U.IA is heard aple-ty among the Finnish comrades. In Wor- ce-ter Labor Unity is to be distributed regul- arly at the shop-gates and the Party member- ship is to take part in the-e distributions while ths T.U.U.L. groups are being formed, However, at rrevent, ’ re is nobody in the position of ™*.~°* ceere’ -y for the section described. The Fins of Fitehburg, Gardner and | Maynard expressed a willingness to form T. | U.U.I. groups but the speed with which their intentions and plans are growing into reality is impor". with objective conditions being | what they are. q 4 t ‘ é ‘