The Daily Worker Newspaper, August 18, 1930, Page 4

Published hy Buuare, New Addis-s and ma ' Page Four except , 1690-7-8 Cable 28 Union Square New Sunday, at 26- 28 Union if tl aa Daily, Worker 1 Ede hynist Porty U.S.A. By M: mat! everywhere: () SUBSCRIPTION ear 36; RATES: ix months $3; two months $1: exceptine Borg hattan and Bronx, New York City. and foreign. which are: One yr. $8 Six mohs. 4.24 Comrade Stalin’s Concluding Speech at the XVI. Party the Soviet Union ongress of the Communist Party of sion on the re- tae after the dis port of the activities of the C.C., an! after all ¢! here in connection with the the one-time leaders of the Right opposition, there is little left for me to f he beginning of address I obse.ved the n that the XVI Party Congress is one of few Pa Cc sasscs in the history of our been no united op- ging its own line to the ou see, th! ved re been no united op. Congress, but there iave not even heen smal! s, of individual «om rades, who have fi nece > declare from this tribune t the F line is not correct. It is clea t the | ir Party is the sole correct one, and its been shown so plainly and even the former leaders of t tion have found it necessary their speeches that the whole policy of Party is corr After this there is obviously no need for me to dwell on the correctness of the contained in the report on the activit C.C, There is no need, for the e of the Party, being self-evidently right, requires no further defense at this congress. And thet J make a concluding speech at ail, under these circumstances, is because it is nonetheless not supe. “luous for me to reply briefly jues- tions which comrades have written down and handed in to the Presidium, and to add a sew words in regard to the speeches of the former leaders of the Right opposition. A great part of the questions refer to mat- ortance: Why was noth- ters of secondary i ing said in the reports about horse-breeding, and is it not possible for me to mention it in my concluding words (Laughter); why was there no report in the speeches on dwelling- house and is.it not possible to refer to it in my concluding speech; why is nothing said about the electrification of agvi- and cannot it be referr to in the nd so on and so forth. To all these cc jes I must reply that I could not deal in my report with every tion of economics; and not only could not, but had no right to do so. For I have no right to encroach upon the of Comrades Kuybyschev and Yakovlev, whose speeches will inform you regarding the conerete problems of industry and agriculture. Indeed were the re- port of the C.C. to deal with every questivn, construction, culture, concluding speech, ques- territo: what would be left for the speakers to say about industry, agriculture, ete. (A_ voice: Hear, hear.) With regard to the question-slip on the electrification of indusiry, it must be observed of this slip com that in particular that the writer mits several errors. Te aintain: we e already reached the stage of “complcte trification” of agriculture; that the Peo- ple’s Commiss: for Agriculture is not per- mitting this matter to develop; that Lenin expected something different, ete. All not true, comrades. We cannot t that we have already reached the ste comrlete electrification” of ¢ we al ready attained to vification of riculture, then to 15 re duction: dy hay »yons with ¢ All that we have already reached the An Evening with Baku Railroad — By LENA CHERNENKO. AKU, the capitol of Azerbaighan Republic —Baku, center of Soviet oil—and the city where with the help of British imperialism in 1918 the Baku Commune was overthrown and the so-called demo governnient of Musovats established. City where at the same time 26 commissars were executed with the fall of the Commune. Here, in.this historic city, a group of com- rades, including myself, have been for the past few days. This afternoon a group of workers from railroads came and asked me to speak fot them tonight. Of course I wil- lingly agreed. The meeting took place in the summer ‘club, Even though it’s very hot here, every group of workers have a winter club and next to it artificial parks and summer clubs, where the workers and their families gather to spend the evening. Inside the park a big open-air movie, a library, buffet, orchestra composed of work- ers from industry. A world in itself. The Meeting was to begin in the movie building. When I entered the first thing that drew my attention was the huge crowd of women p ent. In all there were about 1,090 workers present. A Contrast. The chairman introduced me amidst great In a very short speech of greet- contrast bety enthusiasm. ings I showed the velopment of Sociali iet Unioon—in ind een the de- workers da’ America—crisis, tion, terror of the bow tionary workers and 3 velop- ment of our Party and its influence upon the American masses. The greetings concluded. Great spirit, Then questions began to come in. “How does the crisis affect employed work- @es? What position will American workers take in case of imperialist war against the Sov= iet Union? Has the Communist Party cleaned its ranks of the right ele, Dozens of ques- tions, which show alertness of Soviet workers and give a clear piciure of the real interna- tionalization cf the Soviet masses—such en thusiasm, such s cannot be crushed by anyone, of of its’ sivength for here w, powerful world, h strongly and prow is daily helping to de stroy the old decay ystem of capitalism. Courage and Enthusiasm. When I finished answering questions and one of the other comrades began to speak I noticed a woman of about 40 years—a fight- ing type—the new Soviet woman came on the stage. She sat down near me, told me she was sorry she could not hear me, because she just canie back from a meeting of a co-opera- tive where the re-election of a store commit tee took piace. This woman, who only a few years ago wore a veil, feared to show herself in the street, so that strange men may look upon her, today is an active participant in the building up of socielism. When one comes face to face with these Arzebaighan and Turk women who were kept in ignorance and illiteracy during ezarist times, then, only, it becomes clear that the freedom of the working-class woman cannot be accomplished without the freedom of the working class as a whole. The meeting fin- ed, I raixed with the crowd, dozens of ques- tions, suggestions, ete. _ Such meetings just fill one with courage and enthusiasm, and | have a feeling that I want to shout from the housetops to the American workers about what’s going on here. The* problem confronting the Baku workers in the fulfillment of the Five-Year Plan in two and a half years will be solved by them as undertaken, The enthusiasm of the masses can be raised to such level only by the leader- ship of a real Bolshevik Party like B. K. P. (b) For us Communists from capitalist countries such evenings help to fight more en- ergetically for winning over of the majority of the masses for the Proletarian Revolution. is. “The American Observer” By VERN SMITH. ELL, Bernadsky, the ga joint owner who enjoys protection fiom the New York police for his anti-Soviet actiy has ached his “Amcrican Ohse August number of whet parports Taonthly pablication has appeared. Bernaisey is the Russian inonarehis is aceuscd by che owner uf the print © Whers the Whalen documents w. accoinpanying {0 the «hop on Novwoye Russkoye Slovo man v forging done, Bernadsky is a Russian interpreter of the I Club, at 188 ich he openly adver- ssian mon- and raided by the polies, once with Bernalsky and others plead- ing guilty after the raids. No raids, of course, after Bernadsliy became known as an Anti- Soviet agent. Fish and Gambling. Bernadsky’s ‘magazine is a well printed but otherwise cheesey publication. It has a five page fiction story abovt gambling, and a four page article by Congressman Hamilton Fish, head of the Fish Committee, which says: “There is no room in U. S. for any person affilinted with the Third International,” and “The life of-orie American policeman is more important and worth more than all the Com- munists combined.” This is in line with Fish’s general “nnbiased” conduct of his investiga- tion, and indigates, as did his committee meet- ings, that he is going to use the committee to try and gel deportation and finger printing laws passed, and that he is in favor of more murder of workers by the police. The vest of the magazine is made up of a remark hy stupid leading article by mnad- sky, inf whieh he lumps together Prof“! John ] Dewey, Prof. Jerome Davis, Sherwood Eddy of he ¥. M. C. A., Ben Citlow, the renegade from tae Comnmnist Tarty; Floyd Dell, some- ‘ Women,” and various st Party members includ- 2 Daily Worker, all as part y of intellectuals who are ng in the interests of the Reds.” These names appear in an article entitled “The G. P. U, in New York.” “Can Be Arranged.” Somebody calling himself Don Kirby has a column which threatens to work up a boycott against writers and artists who print in the New Masses, and offers the Fish Committee the services of Bessadowsky now in Paris, and some otherwise little known stool pigeon in New York, John Galin. Evidently Galin wants money, for the monarchist’s columnist says: “Why not interview Mr. Galin? It can ‘be arranged.” The rest of the magazine is mostly cuts, cartoons, ete., and jokes stolen from other papers, The advertisers give a clue to where the money comes from. They include, as Ber- nadsky promised, a full page advertisement of U. S. Commissioner of Conciliation Chas. Wood and his book against “The Reds.” They include a quarter page advertisement from a place that calls itself “Cuba’s Only American Road House.” Others are: Puebla Tramway, light and Power Co., of Puebla, Mexico; Mos- cow Art Inn of New York; hotels in St. Moritz, Switzerland and Baden Baden, Ger- many; the Munson Steamship Line; the Bank of Nova Scotia; two full pages on Best & Co., New York; one full page on a sexy story about Lucrezia Borgia, some more steamship and travel bureaus and some New York hotels. A real international collection of white guard- ists, whose adveri‘:>ments are certainly not placed for business purpo: other than to sport Bernadsky’s anti-working class maga- zine, stage of “complete ctrification” of agri culture is that electrification in our country has reached the experimental stage. Lenin, too, regarded the matter from this aspect when he spurred on the experiments in the direction of the electrification of agriculture. Some comrades believe that the tractor is al- ready out-of-date, and that the time has come to pass on from the tractor to the electrifica- tion of agriculture. This is of course nonscnse and moonshine, Such comrades must be eom- bated, and are combated by the People’s missariat for Agriculture. Hence, the satisfaction of the writer of this note with the | People’s Commissar ¢ Agriculture cannot | be regarded as just A second group of questions refers to the national question. One of the questions com- pares my treatment of this question in my address at the Sixteenth Pariy Congress with the treatment I accorded it in my speech at the Eastern University in 1925, and finds a Com GAGGED! Tammany moves Robert Minor, job vison as retaliation against exposes of certain lack of clearness demanding explana- tion. You argued at that time, states the note, against the theory (Kautsky) of the merging of national languages and the formation of a common language during the period of Social- ism (in one country); now in your speech at the Sixteenth Party Congress you declare the Communists are believers in the merging of national cultures and national languages in one uniform culture with one common language (in the period of the victory of Socialism on a world scale). Is there not a want of clearness here? I believe that there is no unclearness and no tion here. In 1925 I argued against national chauvinist theory, accord- ing to which the victory of the proletarian rev- olution in the middle of the last century in the Austro-Hungarian monarchy would have led to the amalgamation of the nations in one united German nation with a uniform German language, and to the Germanizing of the BY BURCK. leader, from his hospital bed to Rikers’ Island graft on Welfare Island, and to prevent any par- ticipation in thé election campaign. Demand the release of Foster, Minor, Amter and Ray- mond. Vote Communist! Demonstrate September First! By A. IVIN. Bs the past winter the 5th corps of the Chinese Red Army, which, operated under the command of Pen De Huai in West Kiangsi, conducted partisan fights in the South-East of Hupeh. Who would have thought, after seeing the modest division of 300 men equipped with only 240 rifles making their way forward through the desolate mountains of the frontier districts of Kiangsi and Hupeh, that in about six months this little group would grow into a force sufficient to create terror in the imper- ialist camp and, after the capture of Yochow, would call forth the impudent intervention of the English and American fleets. But the wonderful achievements of the 5th division represent no exception; they are char- acteristic of many other divisions and troops which in a few months have developed into whole corps. If one becomes acquainted with the history of the growth, with the revolutionary fighting eapacity and the every-day life of the military divisions, which grew into eight corps, then one is acquainted, so to speak, with the hii tory of the young heroic Re] Army of China. It is now possible to become acquainted with this history, as a number of extremely inter- esting reports regarding it have been pub- lished in the Chinese Communist Press. We shall not burden the reader by enumer- ating all the difficult names of localities, vil- lages and districts in which the 5th division had to operate when it first commenced activi- ties in Hupeh. This division, which numbered only a few soldiers and suffered from a great shortage of arms and munitions, was able at that time to avoid encounters with more or less larger bodies of regular troops. Its fight- ing activity was confined to disarming mili- tary and police troops. Lightning-like maneuvers, sudden appear- ances, night raids, by which the enemy was usually taken by surprise, resulted in the cap- ture of some dozens of rifles, two or three cases of cartridges and a few dozen warm mantles, “On that day we marched 140 Li (about 70 kilometres), reached the bank of the Yangtse, an] during the night surrounded a part of the river police and the guards, Next morning, the enemy, in actempting to | The Chinese Red Army Grows cross the Yangtse, lost 40 men. We cap- tured 50 rifles, 2 Mauser pistols and took an American missionary prisoner.” Right from the beginning the division main- tained close brotherly connection with the peasantry. Its popularity increased and also its strength, as it was daily reinforced by new bodies of partisans. It no longer avoided en- counters with regular troops. In the district of Yansin a frightful “purg- ing” of the villages was undertaken, The regiment of Tan exercised bloody terror. The peasants of Yansin called on the red divisions for aid. : “After a few days preparations it came to an encounter 15 Li (7% kilometers) from the chief town of the district. The enemy’s losses were 50.killed and 20 wounded. We captured 100 rifles and a machine gun. Not a single man on our side was wounded. It was one of the most successful battles waged by our division.” This success was in no small way due to the active support of the peasants of this dis- triet who had been driven to desperation by the “purging.” “The peasants took prisoner more than 40 landowners and gentry belonging to the ‘Committee for purging the villages’ and killed them. All prominent persons of the district were seized with panic. The regi- ment of Tan cleared out as fast as it could and will never again venture to show itself in the South East of Hupeh,” There came representatives from the peas- ants of the neighboring districts of Unin (Kiangsi) and requested reinforcements, The division thereupon proceeded to Kiangsi. “We came to the little locality of Lutsjao. During the night we surrounded the bar- racks of the guard. Not a single one es- caped. The commander was shot. Some of the guard were allowed to go. 40 rifles were captured, The rumors, which frequently greatly exag- gerate the power of the red division, spread far beyond the frontiers of Hupeh. In addi- tion to numerous requests from the peasantry for aid, the red division is beginning to receive all kinds of offers and counsel, sometimes from very unexpected quarters. For example, # Ictier came from General Li, an old poli- tician and militarist, who was twice military Czechs. I opposed this theory, for it is an anti-Marxist and anti-Leninist theory, an! I supported my arguments by facts from the life of our country, after the victory of Socialism, refuting this theory. I still oppose this theory as may be seen from my report at the S teenth Congress. I oppose it for the reason that a theory advocating the merging of all nations—of the Soviet Union let us —into one uniform Great Russian nation with a uni- form Great Russian language, is a national chauvinist, anti-Leninist theory, contradicting the fundamental theses of Leninism, which teach that during the coming period the na- tional differences cannot disappear, but must continue to exist for a long time, even after the victory of the proletarian revolution on a world scale. As to the future perspectives of national culture and national languages, I de- fended, and continue to defend, the Leninist standpoint that during the period of the victory of Socialism on a world scale, when Socialism becomes strong and becomes a part of life, the national languages will be bound inevitably to merge into a uniform language, which will of course be neither Great Russian nor Ger- man, but something new. This I declared de- finitely in my address at the Sixteenth Con- gress, What is unclear here, and what requires special explanation? Obviously the writers of this question are not quite clear on two points. First of all, they are not clear on the fact that we in the Soviet Union have entere] on the period of Socialism, and vet, although we have entered on this period, we can by no means record that the nations are dying out among us—on the contrary, they are developing and flourishing. Have we actually entered on the period of Socialism? As a rule our period is \ named the period of transition from capitalism to Socialism. It was named the transition peri- od in 1918, at the time when Lenin first char- acterized this period in his famous pamphlet: “The Next Tasks of the Soviet Power,” and divided our economic life into five categories. It is called the transition period at the present time, in 1930, at a time when some of these categories have become obsolete, whilst one of these categories, precisely the new category in the sphere of industry and agriculture, is grow- ing and developing with unheard of rapidity. Can it be asserted that these two transition periods are the same, that they do not differ fundamentally from one anothe It is clear that this cannot be asserte]. In what state were our economics in 1918? Shattered indus- try, workers spending their time making pipe- lighters, collective and Soviet farms entirely lacking as mass system, the “new” bourgeoisie growing in the towns, the kulak in the village. And what have we now? A socialist industry, restored in cou of reconstruction, a wide- spread system of Soviet and collective farms, covering more than 40 per cent of the total sown area of the Soviet Union in the summer sowings alone, a “new” bourgeoisie dying out in the towns, the kulak dying out in the village. That wa transition period, and this is a transition period, and yet the two are as fun- damentally different as chalk and cheese, and yet nobody can deny that we are now standing on the treshold of the liquidation of the last capitalist class playing a serious role, the kulak class. It is clear that we are already out of the transition period in the old sense of the word, and have entered the period of direct and developed socialist reconstruction along the whole front. (To be continued.) Some Lessons from | Factory Work By AL STONE. hee though the Party and the League has improved its factory work considerably we must still recognize the fact that we must correct our factory work or lag behind the mood of struggle of the masses. We have many examples of how the workers are. be- coming more and more militant, but are even asking the Party to step in and help them or- ganize in their particular factory. First of all, we must learn that when we send a committee down to the factory to hold a gate meeting this committee must mingle with the crowd of workers. A good example is the Kayser factory in Brooklyn, where the comrades would come to the factory and group themselves around the box and the speaker. For weeks, this continued, and, of course, we never got considerable contacts, information, ete. At the first meeting that this occurred the comrades were spoken to by the workers and told them what they thought about or- ganization. We got information about their conditions and at the same time found a strong sentiment for organization (this in spite of the great persecution and “rat” sys- tem that they have there). Workers Willing to Fight. Secondly, the comrades must learn that’ in spite of attacks, “cat-calling,” the throwing of rotten tomatoes, water, etc., by the bosses’ stool-pigeons, the workers are willing to fight for their conditions, are in sympathy with us and will organize into the revolutionary trade unions and the Communist Party. We must the significance of these attacks. The West- inghouse, the Kayser, the Jacobs, etc. These three furnish good examples. At the Kayser, we found that for a couple of meetings bags of water were thrown from the windows upon the speakers. At one time the stool-pigeon got it in the neck, causing a great deal of laughter among the workers.) Our comrades felt very discouraged after the first few times, but, today, because of our consistent work and regular appearance at the factory gate meetings, the workers are en- tirely in sympathy with the speakers and have told our comrades that the water was thrown by the stool-pigeon on the third floor, Like- wise in the Jacobs, the bosses mobilized the police force last week and broke up the meet- ing. This time the comrades came again, and the bosses realized that the workers were lis- tening to the speakers and were learning how to fight the persecution within the factory. He tried to terrorize the committee at. first, but the comrades refused to move, Then. he got a couple of gangsters, who hissed the speakers at first. But, seeing that the work- ers did not join them, they began throwing tomatoes. A couple of other “rats” joined them and the tomatoes flew fast. Our com- rade continued speaking and did not get off the box until he was through. The gangsters tried to instigate a fight and rush the speak- ers, but the workers refused to join. The com- mittee left in good order, walking slowly, and the workers were quietly talking with each other and watching the committee walk away. Factory Work Not Easy. What does this show? Our factory work is not easy. Nor will they be always “quiet” meetings. The bosses know very well what such meetings mean to the workers. . Yet, in spite of the arrests and attacks upon the committees, when we return again the work- ers not only admire our courage, but realize that we must mean every word that we say, when we call upon the workers to follow the leadership of the Communist Party, They see very clearly the militancy of our Party and the sincerity of Communist leadership. We must learn that it is not the workers that at- tack us, and that, in turn, when the rats try to provoke trouble, we certainly must not an- tagonize the workers. Our fight is not against them, but with the workers against the bosses. Our big job today is not to permit the provo- cateurs to start any fights or trouble, but we must consistently come again and again to the factory, get information, issue shop papers, get contracts, organize shop, commit- tees, and this will be our only way of answer- ing the attacks of the bosses, governor of the province of Kiangsi, and was commander of the Hunan troops. Later he was adviser to Feng Yu Hsiang. For a long time he intrigued in Nanking, was offended because somebody was promoted over his head, and retired for a time from “affairs of state.” Now he has the impudence to offer his services as “strategist” to the Red Army. This old military fox realizes that this army repre- sents a new force. The red division, which remained for some time in Unin, then returned to the district of Yansin and proceeded to Peischi, where two notorious militarists, Wu and Li, were con- ducting a fierce fight against the peasantry. Wu and Li, who had ample arms at their dis- posal and occupied the most important strate- gical points, had already repeatedly dispersed large but badly armed peasant troops. The scene changed, however, as soon as the red division arrived. “The district of Yansin was very soon completely sovietized. The troops of the landowners of the South East of Hupeh took to their heels as soon as we arrived. It was difficult for us to capture any weapons.” It was decided to proceed to Taje. “We approached the town during the night. The town garrison was commanded by Don In, an officer of the Sja division, famous fcr his military skill and prowess. More than ten times he sent all his forces to the atack, but in vain. The fierce fight lasted six hours. But finally we succeeded in entering the town... . “The enemy’s soldiers and officers changed their clothes and hid themselves in the town, One body of troops was driven into the lake and drowned. In the encounters the enemy lost more than 100 men. We took 80 prisoners and captured 120 rifles. More than 10,000 peasants took part with us in the fighting. They killed two commanders end many counter-revolutionaries and also captured 30 rifles.” The capture of the town of Taje, a rather important center of the iron industry, had ihe ctfect of a bombshell in Wuhan. The 15th brigade was sent into vhe district as a pum- tive expedition, The Reds withdrew from Taje in orfer to transfer operations to the Changsha. kow rails line. “We proceeded in the direction of’ Han- ning. On the way news reached us that the 15th brigade had mutinied. We immediately turned about in order to attack Taje. As we approached the city walls we fired signal shots. In reply we heard three shots, The mutinying soldiers rejoiced at our coming. All the soldiers who had’ not joined in the mutiny were taken prisoners, We captured 300 rifles, the peasants about 100. The dis- trict commander was shot. Soon after- wards we were joined by: two other com- panies.” At the beginning of the present year the red troops operated in the territory in the neighborhood of the Yochow-Wuhan railway line, and then in the Yetchen district. In South East * Hupeh the Reds succeeded in closely connecting the political and military work in the districts of Tunchan, Shunjan and Yetchen and other places. On the 26th of March the Reds unexpectedly attacked the Hunan-Fu Kiao railway station (between Sjanin and Wuhan), “The enemy believed that we would not decide to attack the town, i. e., that we pos- sessed insignificant forces, and sent a bat- talion and a machine gun squad against. us. We dispersed them in four hours. We also dispersed the second battalion and pursued it to Sjanin. The enemy, who was equipped with 8 machine guns and 8 bomb throwers opened a fierce fire against us. Woe had many untrained soldiers who were not skilled in night operations, and therefore had to retreat. The enemy greatly out~ numbered us, nevertheless we captured more than 100 rifles and took five company com= manders and more than 200 soldiers ‘pris- oners. Whilst the losses of the enemy were 100 killed, our losses were only 8 killed and 14 wounded.” In the course of six months the red troops fought more than 50 larger or smaller en- gagements. They have lost over 50 killed and 100 wounded, Of these 100 wounded the half recovered, the other half died in hospital. At the end of March this year the 5th divi- sion was converted into the 8th corps ‘num- bering 2200 men, Everyone of these soldiers is equipped with a rifle. This number does not include the young recruits, who for the time being form the r guard, See = ar | | a n s t