The Daily Worker Newspaper, August 2, 1930, Page 6

+ * por star ished by the Comprod New York y, at 26 98 Unton 9 DAIWORK." 6-28 Union Square New York. N ¥ SURSCRIPTION RATES: Sy mall everywtere: Une year $6; six months $3; two months $1; excepting Horoughs of Mavhattan and Bronx, New York City. and foreign, which are: One yr. $8; six mons. $4.50 The | r litical Resort of the Ca ntral Committe e to the XVI. Party Gonigréss of the Communist P arty of the Soviet Union Comrade J. Stalin’s Address on June 27, 1930 Il. The Increasing Progress of the Building-Up of and the Inner Situation of the Soviet Union. (Continued) s in the Soviet Unior tate Planning Comm of the n following: hare falling to t nts not exploi nal incom workers and gn labo: el in 19 per cent (of t hare of the al worke rme per cent), 5 per cent (co he share rural workers formed cent), i 1 per cent (of i nd rural workers formed 33. per cent, in 1 -30 to 1.8 per cent. ¢) The share falling to the home workers most of whom belong to the work nted to 6.5°per cent in cent in 1928-29, to 4.4 per cen d) The share falling to the state sector, whose revenues are the revenues of the work amounted in 1927-28 to 8.4 per cent, 9 to 10 per cent, in 1929-30 to 15.2 per cent. e) Finally, the share falling to other cate- gories (pensi are here rred to) amounted in 1927-28 to 1.8 per to 1.1 per cent, in 1929-30 to We therefore see that whilst in the advanced capitalist countries the share taken of the na- tional income by the exploiting classes amonnts to about 50 per cent, ard even exceeis t at times, in the Soviet Union the exploiting class does not receive more than 2 per cent of the national income. This ex he United ter De fact that in the American per cent of the f all naticnal wealth, and in Great Britain, in 1920-21, as“this seme Denney observes, les d 64 per non 2 ner cent of all owners posses of the total national wea 's England.”) ] clear that is impossible. Can such things occur among us in the So- viet Union, in the land of the So It is In the Soviet Unior | there have long been no such “owners” nor can | there be. But if in the Soviet Union, only about 2 per cent of the national income falls to the exploit h. (See Denney’s | ~ | the same period 204 ing class, what becomes of the rest of the na tional income? It is. clear that this remains in the hands of the wor! and working peasantry. This the e of the power and the authority of the Soviet power among the mil- lions of the working class “and the peas: This is the basis of the systematic growth of the material welfare of the workers and peasants of the Soviet Union. c) Seen in the light of these decisive facts, the tematic increase of the real wages of the workers, the growth of the budget of the social insurance of the workers, the increased aid accorded to the poor and middle ressant farms, the greater grants for the building of houses for the workers, for the improvement of the workers’ conditions of living, for the protection of moth and infants, and in ad- diticn the steady ase of the population and the steady decrease of mortality, especially infant mortality, in the Soviet Union, are per- fectly comprehensible. t It is for instance a well known fact that the real wages of the workers, when we take into account the social insurance and the deductions from profits in favor of the funds for the im- provement of the workers’ standard of living have increased by 167 per cent as compared with the pre-war level. The social insurance budget of the workers alone has increased in the last three years from 980 million roubles 7-28 to 1,400 million roubles in 1929-80, x the last three years (1927-28 to 1929- 30) 494 million roubles have been expended on the protection of mothers and infants. In ilion roubles have been spent on pre-school training (kindergartens, creches, etc.). 1,880 milion roubles have been expended for the building of workers’ houses. The Shrine ot the Little Flower By HARRISON GEORGE, “F THER COUGHLIN learned from July 26 papers, was heard by the Fish Committee meeting in Detroit on July 25, “be- eause he had recently devoted his radio lecture program to a series of addresses on Commu- nism.” We further learn that “He conducts weekly services near the city limits of Detroit from his Shrine of the Little Flower.” y such an “authority” on Commu- nism ctly what the Fish Committee is after, especially since Father Coughlin’s ad- dresses “on” Communism, as the capitalist press crafiily puts it, were “against” Commu- nism. How profound is the reasoning of this holy fraud, how great an “authority,” may be seen by his most devastating utterance— that Henry Ford is the greatest “aid to Bol- shevism.” Strangely enough, a Mr. Sorenson, Henry Ford’s personal representative, appeared at the hearing, ani said that the Ford Motor Com- pany has its own private police force inside the Ford factories, doing its best to stop the shop paper of the Ford shop nucleus of the Communist Party. . This, however, brings us to another “Shrine of the Little Flower,” conducted by “Father” Midtthew. Woll at 1440 Broadway, New York. Woll, also, is an “expert” and an “authority,” only he calls his “Little Flower” “the Wage Earners’ Protective Conference,” which Woll declares thas 500,000 (why not 500,000,000?) members, good and true, and hell bent on “protecting” the 30,000,000 other wage earners in America, and a dozen million or so in the Soviet Union, who haven’t asked Woll for any “protection” and who know him for the fascist “skunk he is. .. Woll says the Soviet workers are “chained we ~~ to their jobs,” quite differently than in “a cour’ y w!>re labor is free,” like America, we presume, where some § %00,000 wage earner "+ 2 no jobs:to be “~‘ned to, and where the balance are “free” to work like speeded devils the streets. ~~ But this brings us to still another “Shrine “ef the little Flower,” *~ office of a certain “George Djamgaroff at 655 Fifth Avenue, New - York City. _. And here we ‘sh to call attention to the “complete unanimity with which the capitalist _ press, which is playing up to the limit every anti Soviet liar and blatherskite, remained silent to the revelations of John L. Spivak, re- porter for the N. Y. Graphic, that Djamgaroff boasted that he was the head of a great anti- Soviet espionage organization in the United States, with international connection, and that -Djar-saroff’s press agent, Captain Mair gave Spivek the hunch that Djamgaroff also ~ was workir the U. S. Government £ ate _ Departn.ent. ta Djamgaroff’s Spy System, espionage system, and the U. S. government given additiona] proof by the embargo policy rainst Soviet products the U. S. is beginning, ed in the case of some pulpwood, on “evi- ” obviously false, and as obviously given some white guard spy of Djamgaroff stripe, shown by the fact that the U. S. Treasury tment official Lowma> who repeated this dence” to the press, refused to name the e of it. This, so he said, to “protect” the fi mer. It is weird, isn’t it, how many people need ” from aevisr’ these day ' But masury headed by Secretary Melion gives told how ships ws. led at Archangel, y “prisone whoy worked in an “enclosure high wire fences.” ow that-is right down awful, isnt it! But » will go back to D troit, not stopping at dy Mellon’s mines in Pennsylvania, where a ef Coal and Tron Police, known under le name ‘of “cossacks” stand guard nds’ of miners; to Detroit,» where personal representative, speaking _ The connection between Djamgaroff and his. the’ “informaticn” which the U. S. | at the Fish Committee, admitted that the Ford Company has its own private police force to ‘watch the Ford workers. If you look at the Ford plants, you will also see “enclosures with high wire fences.” Clearly, Bolshevism has indeed reached De- troit! Every worker has a number, just like in a penitentiary, too. And big, brutal cops, even outside the “enclosures,” to repel any attempt of “reds” to rescue the “prisoners.” The evi- dence is overwhelming, and Ford’s cars should be banned from shipments from Michigan into the United States. The N. Y. Times “Helps” Out. But the N. Y. Times helps us out. It always does. It says that perhaps one shouldn’t call all Soviet labor exactly “convict labor,” but that it is all right for Mattie Woll as a “lay- man” to refer vaguely to “conscript” labor, or some American manganese corporation, poor abused things, both of them, to talk in general- ities about “forced” labor “under conditions,” and soon. Because, says the Times, when the Soviets had a timber shortage, and there were “rich peasants” (kulaks) being put out of business (by the efficiency of the collective farms which took away the basis of the kulak—a little matter the Times don’t mention) “peasant labor battalions,” so the Times says, were “drafted to the timber forests.” (We are glad that the Times specified that the “forests” were of “timber,” we otherwise might think that they were ham-and-egg forests). But this solicitude for farmers is rare. Here in the “free” U. S.A., if the Times only could forget about the “sorrows” of Soviet inhabit- | ants long enough to give some attention to the subject. between 1920 and 1930, some five million of the farming population, making around some one million farmers, were driven off the land, bankrupted, ruinel, foreclosed upon by bankers—not Bolsheviks—and “forced” to seek work in the cities. These poor but “free” farmers of America were “liquidated” but the Times has tears only for the “rich farmers” being liquidated in the Soviet Union. We will not mention the “forced labor” of the “company towns” in American coal mining and lumber regions, where the church, the school, the post office, the jail, the Father Coughlins, the school teachers, the postmasters, the police chief and all, are the property and the servants of “The Boss;” where none may go, and none may come, without “permits,” where even Company Money is the only kind that passes, We will pass over, with only a mention, of the widely known ho-rors of peonage in the southern states of thi ree” country, where men ani boys are beaten ©» death in turpentine camps, and where hund 's of thousands of 8 ; both Negro and white, are polit-ly called “shar croppers,” many of them in con- ditions according to the N. Y. Times itself, that can be said to be nothing less than “feud- al;’ subject to the dictates of a plantation “superintendent” but little less eruel than Simon ! ee, who deer every phas_ of their lives, prohibits ther 1 yz garden or poultry, nels them to sell *° part of the cotton or tobacco to him, or through him, for his profit. ‘Sout Manganese. We will pass over these things, since it is clear that not one of the “Shrines of the Little Flower” give a tinker’s damn about the work- ers or farmers of these Unite! States, but are only hiding anti-Soviet propaganda behind tech- nicalities of Tariff Laws about imports. Let us first take up the matter of manga- nese. According to everybody, the U. S. uses some 800,000 tons of manganese yearly. Less than 100,000 is produced in the country. The best kind comes from the Soviet Union, which suplied some 350,000 tons last year. The bal- ance comes from India and Africa, Now, why is it, that the U. 8. manganese producers, sud- derly come to life along with Matthew Woll, pnd hecek into sobs over the “*-'s} tions” of the manganese miners in the Soviet pop Me ocialism This does not by any means s fy that very necessary step has already been taken owards a decided increase of real wages, or hat it would be impossible to raise the real vages to a higher level. That this has not deen done is the fault of the bureaucracy of our apparatus of supplies in general, and of he bureaucracy of the cooperative societies in particular. According to the data of the State Planning Commission, the socialized sector em- braced more than 99 per cent of the wholesale trade, and more than 89 per cent of the retail trade, of inland commerce, in 1929-30, This means that the cooperatives are systematically supplanting the private sector, and are becom- ing monopolists in the field of commerce. This is of course an excellent thing. But it is bad that in many cases this monopoly is detri- mental to the consumers. The cooperative so- cieties, although almost monopolizing trade, prefer to supply the workers with the more “profitable” goods bringing in larger gains, (fancy goods, ete.), and avoid supplying the less “profitable” goods, even though these are more needed by the workers (agricultural pro- ducts). Hence the workers find themselves obliged to cover about 25 per cent of their re- quirements in agricultural products by recourse to the private markets, thereby paying higher prices. I need not refer further to the fact that the apparatus of the cooperatives concerns it- self chiefly about the balance, and is therefore slow in approne e oueriicn of the reduc- tion of retail prices, in spite of the categorical WORKERS! DEF ND THE SOVIET UNION! By QUIRT Statement of C.C. of CPUSA. on Fascist Terror in Finland Pe imperialist war preparations against the Soviet Union are carried on in a more open and more provocative form day by day. Espe- cially open is the recruiting of the border states by the imperialist powers. These border states have been transformed into buffer states, used as willing tools by the great powers. The feverish preparations for war carried on by the jingoists of these border states are an indi- cation of the formidableness of the war danger. The British and French imperialists have been systematically fostering and pushing the development of fascism and the establishment of a fascist dictatorship in the border states as a measure of war against the Soviet Union. Finland was the last in the chain. Now its turn has come. The white regime in Finland is setting up a fascist dictatorship. It has in- itiated a war of extermination against the Communist Party and carries on a murderous campaign against its members and sympa- thizers, and against all revolutionary workers’ organizations. By suppressing the workers’ press, smashing their printing plants, terrorizing the revolu- tionary deputies of parliament, as well as through other terroristic acts, the rulers of Finland prepare to join the joint attack of the imperialists on the Soviet Union. The events in Finland again prove the cor- rectness of the estimation of the world eitua® tion made by the Communist International. Th preset stuation in Finland is a proof of the universal character of the crisis of capitalism, and, at the same time, is a link in the war preparations of the imperialists. Unemployment in Finland is greater than ever before. Finnish capitalist faces a most serious economic crisis. Especially the lumber and food exports are almost totally stopped. Now also in agriculture the crisis has reached unprecedented proportions. As a result the small farmer’s position has been worsened to the extreme. With unscrupulous propaganda, threats and force the fascists endeavor to line up large sections of the poor farmers to join them in their campaign of destruction. The social democrats have publicly declared their adherence to the struggle against Com- munism. Thus these renegades have endorsed and are supporting the fascists against the working class, and are actually delivering the revolutionary workers into the hands of the fascists. Protest against the fascist terror in Finland! Declare your solidarity with the revolutionary workers of Finland! Your support and their revolutionary energy and courage will enable them to win the fight against the war prep- arations of the imperialists. The struggle of the Finnish workers against fascism is part of the world struggle for our common cause— the world revolution. They will overthrow the fascist regime in Finland! Down with fascist terror in Finland! Long live the Finnish proletarian revolutiofi! Long live the Communist Party of Finland! CENTRAL COMMITTEE COMMUNIST PARTY OF U.S. A. Union, and fail to shed one tear for those of Ty” and Africa? Are the Manganese miners of India and Africa, the hell-holes of forced labor, of the worst paid colonial slaves of British imperial- ism, better off than those of the Soviet Union, or those even of the United States? It is ridi- vulous to even suggest such a thing. But why, then, is Matthew Woll so concerned about stopping manganese from the Soviet Union, but not from the British colonial slave pens? We have said before and we say again, that Woll and Sir Henry Deterling, the lead- ing international plotter and forger for British irtorecte against the Soviet Union, have a lot in common. We aise again remind you of Woll’s close’ fuend. Djamgeroff, and his international espi- onage organization. The same article in the Times of July 29, which says that before Soviet pulpwood was imported “Canada was almost the exclusive source of supply”— also quotes Mattie Woll’s letter of thanks to the U. S. Treasury for barring Soviet pulpwood, Woll writing, “your action will be most bene- ficial to hundreds of thousands of Americans employed in the production of lumber,”—and so on.) Which besides proving -Woll a, liav, shows that if he is not being paid by British imperialism he surely gught to be. ‘ But there are scores of other things than 4 pulpwood and manganese. Why, for example, does the U. S. Treasury not bar the importa- tion of coconut oil products from the Philip- pines. where thousands of Moro slaves, yes, slaves, work for respectatle and “god-fearing” Americans on the Island of Mindanao, for no | Wages at all but their board, and darn little of that. Why, for another example, is not the sugar produced in the “model” sugar mills and. plan- tation of the Hershey Chocolate Company, near Havana, barre’ from entry, since in a recent stri' of the planta ion workers there, the police “rurales” rounded up each individual worker and forced them baek to work at the end of a rifle. Why? ; Why was not the tariff Inw enforced when the recent strikes of Negro colonial slaves in British West Africa, where Ramsay MacDon- ald’s valiant troops shot do yn a score of wo- men, it was revealed that.the coconut oil that goes into making the various soap products of a gree; American company (the Lux soap, among others) is the product of forced tabor. And what about the diamon!s mined behind enclosures in South .. "fea, where the, black workers never are allowed outside the corrals? What about the recent exposures of forced labor on Henry Ford’s rubber plantations in Brazil? ve | What about a lot of things? But then, it is ? ae Ae ns of the leading central! e the cooperatives not function st sector, bue as an individual s the snirit of the Nepman., It is instructi in this e: as a soc infected | 1estion who needs such cooperatives, and what | benefit Lhe a.o1sers derive from the monopolist | position of the cooperative societies, if these fail to fulfil the task of decidedly improving | the real wages o1 the workers? That in spite of this the real wages continue to rise steadily in the Soviet Union from year to year, shows that our structure, our system of distributing the national income, and our whole attitude with respect to wages, are such that they are able to paralyze and cover all and any minus caused by the cooperative so- cieties. When we add to this circumstance a number of other factors, for instance the extension of the role played by the public dining rooms, the cheapening of the workers’ dwellings, the enor- mous numbers of stipends paid to workers and workers’ children, the work accomplished in cultural advance, ete., we may state boldly that the raising of the wages of the workers is taking place in a much higher degree than might be inferred from the statistics of some of our institutions. All this taken into consideration, and besides this the transition of more than 830,000 indus- trial workers (33.5 per cent) to the seven-hour day, the transition of more than ene and a half million industrial workers (64.4 per cent) to the five-day week, the existence of an extensive network of convalescent homes, sanatoria, and health resorts for the workers, where more than 1,700,000 workers have been able to re- cuperate within the last three years, all this has created a situation in the work and life of the working class which offers us the oppor- tunity of forming a new generation of workers, healthy and rejoicing in life, able to increase the power of the land of the Soviets to its due strength, and to protect it against the assaults of its enemies. (Applause.) With respect to the aid given the peasantry, both to the individual peasants and those join- ing the collectives, and inclu‘ling the help given to poor peasants, the total of this aid within the last year (1927-28 to 1929-30). is no less than four million roubles, granted from the state budget and in the form of cragits. It is . We see that | a well-known fact that in seed corn alone the peasants have received no less than 154 million | pooas vf grain in these three years. It is not to be wondered at that’ in’ general our peasants and workers do not live badly, and that the mortality of the population has sunk, in comparison to the pre-war level, by 86 per cent in general and by 42.5 among in- fants, whilst the yearly increase of our popula- | tion is more than three millions (Applause.) As regards the cultural position of the work- ers and peasants, we have aécomplished certain achievements, but these are too inconsiderable to satisfy us in any way. Apart from the wark. ers’ clubs of every description, the reading: huts, the lending libraries, and the centrale for the liquidation. of illiteracy, reaching ten and a half million human beings in this year, our cultural and educational institutions are the following: During tke current year the ele- mentary schools are attended: by 11,638,000 scholars; the secondary schools by 1,945,000; the industrial technical schools, the transport service and agricultural schools, the courses of instruction in production for mass qualifica- tion, by 333,100; technical colleges and the vocational schools of like rank; the universities and the technical high schools, by 190,000. All this has made it possible for the percentage of those able to read and write in the Soviet Union to be increased to 62.6 per cent as com- pared with the 33 per cent of before the war. What is most important at the present time is the transition to obligatory elementary in- sruction. I say “most important,” for this transition means a decisive step in the work of the cultural revolution, It is, however, high time for us to take this step, for we have already all that is needed for the organization of general elementary instruction in the over- whelming majority of the regions of the Soviet Union. Up to, the present we have been forced “to save, evén on the schools,” in order “to Save and restore heavy industry” (Lenin). But now we have restore! heavy industry, and are advancing it. Hence the time has come when we must take up the task of organizing general obligatory elementary instruction. I believe that the Party Congress wil! do right if it makes a clearly defined and per- fectly categorical decision on this matter, (Ap- plause.) (To be continued) Unemployment and Unemployment Insurance in the U.S. SLR. (Contznued) Now as regards the periods during which relief is granted. We find that the U.S.S.R. is leading the world in this respect. In Soviet Russia the unemployed receive relief during the course of 18 months. In Austria the unemployed have the right to receive the “normal dole” during the course of 30 weeks (approximately seven months). At the conclusion of which period they receive the so-called “crisis benefit” for a perioi deter- mined by the Industrial Commission (which administers the Unemployment Insurance Scheme in Austria). Thus, the law in Austria provides relief only during 30 weeks, after which period it is left wholly. to the discretion of the Commission. Should we add up the maximum sums allowed by the existing scales of relief in the U.S.S.R. and Austria for the different periods of eligi- bility for the receipt of such relief, we get the following interesting comparison. Whereas an unemployed worker on the first category hav- ing no dependents receives in Moscow 486 roubles, on the second category 360 roubles and the third category 279 roubles, in Vienna the unemployed on the highest—the tenth category receive only 181.50 roubles. * Both in Austria and Germany the reformist press have made it a point to attack continu- ally the limitations of unemployment relief for seasonal workers in Soviet Russia. But anyone familiar with conditions in the U.S.S.R. will readily recognize how warranted they are. The overpopulation in the rural districts of the U.S.S.R., giving rise to a continual influx of “spare hands” into the towns, differs com- pletely from the similar movement observed in the capitalist countries. In the capitalis world the landless section, of the peasantry are forced to drift into the towns, are absorbed by © industry and soon lose all touch with their former life in the villages, But in the U.S.S.R. the peasants who come to the towns to seek a livelihood retain their plots of land for themselves and for their de- pendents. All the seasonal workers in the U.S. S.R. are connected in one way or the other with the peasant homesteads in the villages. Hav- ing worked throughout the summer months in the towns, the seasonal workers return to win- ter in the villages. Each one of them has his plot of land; their earnings in this way, are not their only source of income. The position of the seasonal worker differs from the permanent worker in that his wages for the season comprise this net income for the year, this being made possible by the high- er rates paid for seasonal work. There is no reason therefore why the scales of unemploy- ment relief should be alike for seasonal ani permanent workers. Seasonal workers receive unemployement re- lief during the season if they are living in the towns, and also “out of season,” if they live in the towns the whole year round and are not connéced with the peasantry. During the sea- son, seanoal workers receive relief on the Pa CRORES ih ARIK Ma ‘ clear that the U. S. . vernment is not” con- ce 4 about “convict” ‘bor or “forced” labor. It is concerned only with adding to the “religi- ous” propaganda which the pope began, a more demagozic propaganda against the Soviet Union, The American working class was more or less indifferent to the howls to save god from the wicke! and atheist Bolsheviks. Now, Matthey Woll, Fether Coughlin, Djamgaroff, Sir Monvy Deterding and Secretary Stimeon have found a new line of, attack. But it all comes from, the same font. of Holy Water at the “Shrine of the Little Flower.” Tt all comes from an organized attack by enemies of the workers against the Soviet Union. And as such, the perean workers will recognize it and ject ordinary basis. After the conclusion of the sea- son they are provided with relief for two months. Building workers living permanently in the towns receive relief on the ordinary basis throughout the building season after which it is prolonged for no longer than three months, Large assignations are made in the U.S.S.R. to help $he unemployed. In fact the sums to be spent on unemployment relief are constantly increasing in the Social Insurance Budget, funds to supply work for unemployed likewise being augmented. During the last period, large sums have been spent to train and retrain un- employed workers for different professions. For example, a sum of 6.8 million roubles was spent to train workers for the building trades in 1929-30. Se Altogether 69.4 million roubles were spent in unemployment relief in 1926-27, of which sum seven million were expended on the organ- ization of work for the unemployed. In 1927- 1928, 118.6 million roubles were spent on un- employment relief, 10.9 millions coming. under labor assistance, while according to preliminary figures, unemployment relief in 1928-29 com- prised 139.1 million reubles, of which 13 million were spent on vocational relief work, Extremely characteristic of the measures taken to regulate the Soviet Labor Market are the increased sums spent on the training and re-training of unemployed workers. The pro- blem of training new cadres of skilled workers to meet the growing demands of the stupen- dous development of Socialist construction in this country, is having a direct bearing on the regulation of the labor market, and is pushing to the forefront the question of financial as- sistance, the organization of public works and especially vocational training and re-training of the unemployed. i Chilean Government Cuts Wages 15 Per Cent SANTIAGO, Chile (By. Mail)— Wages of all govrenment workers in Chile have been cut 15 per cent, with the exception of the officers in the army and navy. ‘While slash- ing wages of the poorly paid gov- ernment workers the fascist Chilean government sees’ to it that its pup- pets in the army receive their usual wages., Even further, rent money is suspended for most of the mili- tary swashbucklers, ——o Workers! Join the Party of Your Class! Communist Party OS. A 43 Kast 125th Street. - New York City ', the undersigned. want to join the Comms nist Party Send me more information, Name .. TARO emer ener ere seeeseseeseseweeeees Address... seveeede Uityscecceoes NICCUPALION os cereeseerereeeeeeees ABCs ccees Mail this to the Central Office, Communist Party, 43 East 125th St.. New York, N. ¥,