The Daily Worker Newspaper, April 10, 1930, Page 4

Published by the Square. New Y Address and mail all ¢ Page Four SOCIALIST AGRICULTURE GROWS Masses Support Movement (From the Leading Article of “Socialist Agriculture”). Ss article, “Dizzy With Success,” and the circular of Central Committee of the Communist P. ‘oviet Unic 2 struggle against ¢ s of the in the collective farm used by the bourgeois p attempt to prove the the Party It Plan,” “A “downfall of the shevik looking through the bou dif: that t ists ‘tificial lines of the high- uneasiness to be ness the capitalists are fruitlessness of their hopes, statements, were clear to t not have to wait long to be ¢ The first few di t season has dis clamations. The > world to > policy of ve-Yea Utopi the capit between ee And in this uneasi- not mistaken. 3 1 and g phy pes and « of the collective columns farmers are setting out for their fields with a tremendous upsurge of wor! enthusiasm, The Collective Spring. Millions of collective farmers have set out to meet the first collective spring with per- ected organizations, with trated inten- sity of forces and re es, accompanied by the noise of tractors. he peasant masses of the USSR reply to Stalin’s article and to the circular of the ( ittee by concen- trating themselves still more strongly around the slogans of the Party, by tremendous dem- onstrations of confidence in the policy of the Party and the government, and by the strug- tral Co: gle for the better organization of collective industry. From various localities the news pours in, in an unbroken stream, so extremely disappointing to the capitalists and_ their agents, that in addition to the tremendous pro- ductive upsurge in the collective farms, the individual peasant farms which have not yet united in collective farms, are also displaying considerable productive activity. The exten- sion of the sown area, the increase of the crop yield—these are the ends to which the productional impulse of the collective farmers and the poor and middle peasant masses are leading. From the localities we get informa- tion that in a number of cases the peasants who are not formally organized in collective farms are directing and carrying out their spring work in the fields on the collective sys- tem. For the thousandth time we receive proofs collectivizatic Lenin, Year Plan, for Are Trumped. andth time the opportunists of nd colors, fr the direct agent of the kulak to the hero of ‘ phrases may convince themselves that their card has been trumped, and that their “prophecies” have served only to arouse the hopes and expecta- tions of the world bo The Party and the working class are rapid- remedying the m es which were made by few ¢ h in some The work of the Party and the working class in rectifying mistakes will be supplemented by the mass of collectivized peasants by still further developing their crea- tive initiative, and by still higher productive favor e with are for y of p thou geoisie. collectivisors place activity. The collective masses are developing a mighty new movement—shock brigades in the collective farms, In various parts of the ntry which is, building Socialism, the slozan les which has arisen. from s of collective is the In the collective farms, a mighty wave of shock brigades is rolling to meet the wave of shock 1 es in Socialist industry. \ Noteworthy Movement. ovement, which has commenced from 5 the collective farn extremely teworthy. It is not a temporary campaign campaign for show. It is full of the life and labor of the lengthy ruggle for Soci: ist efficiency of labor in agriculture, for So- cialist quality in all the work of collective n construction. hock m he mong signal fire. rmei far Under the influence of opportunism which was beginnnig to raise its head, a certain part of the collective farm workers showed signs of In some places they did not understand the warning of the Party about be- coming enthusiastic over the ease of the vic- tory, and attempted to describe it as “a step backwards,” retreat,” ete. In this matter we see the effect of petty- self-esteem of the “hurrah—collectivisors” who were put in their place by the Party and com- pelled to conform to its principles. We see the results of a lack of understanding of the fact that the construction of collective farms is ied on by the masses, that the masses are the real creators of this building. The masses in the collective farms are indi- cating to these wavering comrades what they ought to do: Together with the masses, at the head of the masses, for shock work in the or- ganization of collective production. perplexity. Speed-up Cuts Workers’ Span of Life By SOLON DE LEON. RE American workers’ lives growing longer or shorter? Every employer in the country, - together paid ex-radical apologists, his ist lieutenants, and his social- improvement” into s ism, holds that the workers are now living longer than ever before, Every Communist, every Marxist in the country, knows differently. He knows that as capitalism develops break-neck speed-up sys tems on one hand, combined with insecurity and unemployment on the other, the workers are dying off at earlier and early ages. And day by day the scientific facts are piling up to and reformists wrong, and Marxists are cor- cientist to present the evidence against the life-shortening effects of the “new capitalism” is Dorothy G. Wiehl of the re- search staff of the Millbank Memorial Fund. ‘At a health conference of seven private and governmental agencies dealing with public health, held in New York on April 3,. she stated: “A lower mortality in the early years of life, especially among babies, and fewer deaths from the more infectious diseases have in- creased the expectancy of life at birth. But death is taking an increasing toll among adults in the prime of life and after middle age.” The drop is less marked for women than for men, probably because fewer women are direct- ly employed in industry, but it exists for both. A few months ago this trend to shorter lives for America’s adult workers was force- fully pointed out by Prof. C. H. Forsythe of Dartmouth College, ‘in Science. Forsythe agrees that the apparent average expectation * of life in this country increased between 1890 and 1920. But he points out two important facts about this apparent increase. First, “that practically all these results have been attained in children’s diseases and that little or no attention has been given to the situa- tion at ages beyond the prime of life.” And second, “that conditions in this country at ad- vanced ages have been on the down grade ever Workers! Join the Party of Your Class! Communist Party U. S. A. 43 East 125th Street, New York City. 1, the undersigned, want to join the Commu- nist Party. Send me more information. Name . WOGCHPRION ......0scccccccceecess AGOsssecs Mail this to the Central Office. Communist | Party, 43 East 12dth St.. New YorkgN. Y. since the first mortality records were estab- lished at Washington and that they have now reached such a pass that all the great gains at the early ages are already.more than off- set by the losses at advanced ages.” In short, on the basis of 40 mortality tables which he constructed to throw light on the question, Prof, Forsythe conclude he average length of life in this country now actually de- creasing.” Detailed information on this decrease of life is contributed by the Statistical Bulletin of the Metropolitan Life Insurance Company, based on the experience of its hundreds of thousands of policy holders. According to a table published by this company, the only per- sons whose expectancy of life increased be- tween 1921 and 1927 were children one year, and old folks of 97 and 107. All other children, including children one ar old and over, youths, and men and women in the prime of working life,» could actually count on fewer vears to live in 1927 than they could have at the same ages in 1921. A boy or girl of 17 lost almost a year. A worker of 27 lost nearly a year and a quarter. A man or woman of 37 lost practically a year and five months. Gain or Loss in Expectancy of Life—1921-27. (Metropolitan Life Insurance Co.) Age Years Gain or Loss - 1.09 0.06 While this loss in the hope of long life has become more marked in recent years, the ten- dency is not new. It has been evident to in- surance experts for a long time. As long ago as 1912, even before the war flung us into an intensified era of mass production and high pressure, Elmer E. Rittenhouse of the Equita- ble Life Assurance Society said: “The average length of an American life has increased about 15 years in the last cen- tury, and yet the span of life is being short- ened. During the last 30 years the general death rate has decreased approximately 25 per cent, and yet the chances of early death after the passing of the age of 40 have steadily in- creased.” Under the name of “rationalization,” heav- ier and faster machinery, speed-up methods, the recruiting of younger workers who can stand a stiffer pace, are the order of the day in all indust In addition, the workers face low wages, inadequate food, miserable homes, and unemployment. All these factors work together to shorten the average life ine Amer- ica, and will do so until the workers take pos- session of the industries and rationalize them in their own way and for their own benefit. * The Daily Werker is the Varty’s hest instrument to make contacte among the masses of workers, to Luild a mass Communist Party, Baily = Central Organ of the Commu.sse ¢ Worker ot the U.S. AL hy mail everywhere: One year $6 ths $1; ex Mauahaitan and Bronx, New York City, and foreign, which are: One year §; v RATES: SUBSCRIPTIO six months 3; two months $1; exceptir Boroughs of months $4.50 The attempt to legally murder Powers and Carr. j the most modern apparatus. One group prac: A Visit to the Moscow Institute of Physical Culture By SOL FISHER. ! E were on our regular visit to the Red Sports International headquarters when Comrade Fuerst, the German representative, who w entrusted to acquaint us with the athletic of- ganizations of Moscow, proposed that we vi! the Moscow Institute of Physical Culture. It is a clear cold d We stroll on the white snow-covered stree The snow glitters and cracks under our feet. Burke, to be original is bearheaded; I, to show that I am an athlete. walk without an overcoat and hat. We attract much ion of the passersby. A few Rus jans appeal to us to put our caps on, warning us that we may catch a cold. Splendid Equipment. We finally reach the Institute. There are several buildings, all situated in a cul- tivated park. The head instructor greets us in the name of the faculty and escorts us to * the director’s office. The director, who cannot be distinguished from an ordinary , worker, welcomes the American sports delegation most comradely. He acquaints us with the work and the aims of the institute. There are 300 stu- dents from many parts of the country; 39 per cent are women. They are sent by various organizations, mostly ¢rade unions. They are maintained by their organizations and the gov ernment. The students must not be younger than 18 nor older than 31 years. The’ composi= tion—6Q per cent workers and peasants, the The director is not satisfied ition and assures us that the will be 85 per cent workers and peasan At the end of the four-year course the students become well trained phy cal directors, have a high academic and politi- cal education and capable of teaching and leading any school of physical education. Upon graduation they return to their organ- izations where they conduct the athletic ac- s. “We cim to teach every modern sport which is suitable for the workers. We ex- periment on a new sport before we adopt it. We | do*not teach athletie exercises harmful to health. Gyace is fine but our object is health and strength,” the director concluded. After an exchange of questions, the director réquest- ed the head instructor to escort us to the class- es. We pass long corridors. Young man and women with various physiognomies and dress. Russians, Mongolians, Tartars, ete., walk back and forth. ‘Lhey talk, laugh—are full of life. The men wear short trunks, the women sleeve- less blouses and trunks. They are all fine specimens of nealth, The Classes and Gymnasium. We enter the anatomy class. A large, light room; there are about 30 students. With seri- ous ous faces they all listen intently to the lecturer. We are introduced and are greeted with great enthusiasm and applause. As we do not want to disturb their study, we promise to see them again and silently leave the ‘room. The same we experienced in the many other theoretical classes, 4 The main gymnasium ts a spacious hall with ticing on the parallel bays, one,on the horizon- tal; there is a class in plate dancing; a group on the horse and others do high and broad jumping; a class is practicing calisthenics: groups playing basket ball, volley ball, ete, Each class is under constant guidance of a capable instructor, There are other athletic rooms for fencing, boxing, wregtling, ete. In the park where there is a fine skating rink and a skiing station, skating, hockey and ski ing are practiced. There ia a beautiful lake for water sports and a large athletic field. We were amazed at the discipline and the cooperation of the students and the teachers, The Executive Board is composed of students, teachers and representatives of the High Coun- cil of Physical Culture. - s. We went to the Wving quarters of the stu- dents—the adjoining building. We pass a hos- pital, a library, various laboratories, a com- munal restaurant and the dormatoties. Rooms contain 4, 6 and 8 beds. The strictest. sant- tary rules are observed. The rooms are simply furnished, decorated with pictures of famous revolutionaries. There is a “Lenin Corner” in every room. We again go to the office of the director. He invites us to come in the evening to the Institute Where the 10th anniversary of the Young Communist International will be cele- brated. We are pleased. Before we+parted the director wished that we arrange regular correspondence between the students of the In- stitute and the members of the L.S.U. We promise, Notice of Central Control Commission sion on the Expulsion of Paul F. Bishop. The Central Control Commission has expelled from the Party a scoundrel, who, under the name of Paul F, Bishop, joined the Party in Baltimore, Md., where he arrived from Phila- delphia about, the end of November, 1929, and who shortly thereafter absconded with some money and records of the Mariné’ Workers League of Baltimore. It also appears now that he was connected with the spy Carr, alias Car- ter. Bishop is of a rather slim build, about 130 is in weight, and about five feet six inches ; age 30 to 35 years; complexion fair; eyes blue; hair, brown and thin; general ap- pearance, clean-shaven and neat; speaks with New England accent; often sails on ships as boatswain; wears a gold cross around his neck under his clothes. All workers’ organizations are warned to be on guard against this shady character. CENTRAL CONTROL COMMISSION COMMUNIST PARTY U. S. A. Socialist Competition in Col- ‘lective Farms Methods of socialist competition and shock brigades are vastly applied in collective farms. These methods were introduced and popularized by the industrial workers sent there for organ- izational work. The latter are endeavoring to bring a thofough change into the organization of labor in collective farms. They do every- thing to speed up the work, to allot to every collective farm member a special task, to keep a strict account and to control the work done. “Crack” collective farms were ready for sowing sooner than the others. They gained in authority and began to attract new members. They also help adjoining collective farms by setting an example to them, The “Max Hoeltz” Interna: ‘tional Commune In the Petropavlovsk district (Kazakstan) a large international agricultural commune has been organized which embraces 1,225 farms on an area of 32,000 hectares. The land and plant are fully socialized. The commune was given a tractor detachment—24 tractors. The mem- bers of the,commune are peasants from a num- ber of, villages—Germans, cossacks and Rus- sians. At their delegate, meeting, the com- munars decided to call their commune the “Max Hoeltz” commyne, — "TALK to your fellow worker in your shop about the Daily Worker. Sell him a’ copy every day for a week. Then ask him to w Ped Bll THE BRITISH EMPIRE PARTY War Danger Sharpens By PANTU HE launching of the “ in Great Britain ma: British imperialist poli stand the fundamentals the split in the Conservativ no surprise. But the split itself is of great significance, for it happens in a Party regard- ed by many of its leading members as an un- breakable pillar in Bri t Marxist-Leninist students, however, the dis- integration of the old British capitalist parties was inevitable and only reflects the decline of British industry and decay of capitalism in general. K Briefly the policy of the United Empire Party is: free trade within the British empire, development of the empire into an economic unit, high protective tariffs against all foreign manufactures and foodstuffs, which implies a stronger and more jingoist policy in foreign affairs, greater suppression in colonial and semi-colonial countries and a strong policy against the organized labor movement at home. The more jmmediate cause of the division of opinion in the ranks of British imperialism can be understood when we consider the gen- eral tendencies in British politics. The Labor Party Has long~since replaced the Liberal Party by abandoning every socialist point in its program. But, since it achieved power at the last election, the imperialist Labor Government has been mor: distinguished by its jingoistic and conservative policy than was the Govern- ment of a Baldwin and Chamberlain. As to the Labor Government’s colonial policy and actions in slaughtering the masses, the reputation it attained in Irak, India and Egypt, in 1924 has been fully sustained and supple- mented in Palestine, Nigeria, India, etc., in 1929. In domestic polities it is openly and brazenly stated by the Labor Ministers, in uncamouflaged and brutal language, that they are a government of rationalization, enforcing wage cuts, at the same time throwing ever larger masses of workers into the ranks of the unemployed. Therefore, such “strong men” as Lord Beaverbrook, backed by Lord Rothermere, both potential dictators, who between them repre- sent a wide strata of finance and industrial capital, and both owners of large newspaper syndicates, are forced by the logic of the social fascist developments within the British Labor Party, to adopt a still more reactionary policy in their strenuous attempts to arrest the de- cline of British capitalism, or to abandon all hope of becoming the governing power again. The primary function of the United Empire nited Empire Party” s an historic step in To those who under- Party seems to be to drive the old Conserva- | tive Party into accepting its policy under the threat of maintaining the split. The word “united” can be dropped from the Empire Party because it is ficticious. There ean be no unity in the British Empire any more than there can be unity between Beaver- The Pope as the Ally of the Czar (By Inprecorr Press Service) The Leningrad department of the Soviet Central Archive has discovered interesting documents concerning the relations between the Roman Pope and the Czarist government from 1883 up to the outbreak of the February revolu- tion. The Pope played a leading part in or- ganizing the reaction against the revolution of 1905. In a letter addressed to the Polish bishops and dated the 30th of November, 1905 the Pope makes a bitter attack on the Socialists and ap-. peals to the Polish Catholics to rally to the Church and to obey the Czarist authorities i plicitly. Pius X also appeals for positive re- actionary measures against the revolution by the organization of special associations for the protection of religion and ordered government. The letter condemns the insurrection energeti- cally and demands that catholic students should keep themselves away from politics. The Polish Catholics should under all circumstances remain loyal to the Russian Empire. In conclusion Pope Pius X praises the “wisdom and goodness” of the bloody Czar Nicholas IT. Further documents expose the activities of the reactionary Polish Catholic association call- ed into being by Pope Leo XVIII under the leadership of Catholic landowners, industrial- ists, financiers and catholic priests. This as- sociation fought against all cultural progress and in particular against the teaching of na- tural science at the universities. Superfluous to say that the association was a stalwart pillar of private property and that it attacked Social- ism and the Socialists with fanatic fervor. The obscurantist Roman Pope as the worthy ally of bloody Nicholas! Small wonder that the present Pope longs for the restoration of re- action, suppression, bigoted obscurantism and bloody pogroms instead of the workers gov- ernment. International .Proletarian Solidarity Kiev workers have received a letter from New York working class esperantists in which they say: * “We are enthusiastically collecting means for the purchasing of a tractor for a poor peasant collective farm in the U.S.S.R. We are making this collection tq show our sym- pathy and fraternal solidarity to the whole U.S.S.R:, which we consider as our only coun- try.” The Polish newspaper “Serp,” published in Kiev, has received from Polish workers in Gzech Silesia a letter in which they send greet- ings to Polish workers'in the Ukrainian SSR and say that they have begun to collect money for the purchase of a tractor. -International Revolutionary - Contest . Vladivostock Challenges Hamburg. In Vladivostock, a conference of the workers of the town has just closed. The conference proceeded under the slogan “Struggle for the carrying out of the industrial and financial plan.” More than 750 of the delegates to the conference made an application to join the Party. 8 The conference adopted the draft of a con- tract for a socialist contest with the workers of Hamburg. A delegation of four was elected to travel to Hamburg in order to sign the con- tract there f ‘ (Shanghai) | | | | | | ‘ brook and Rothermere and the natives of those countries they seek to exploit more deeply. The British Empire is not a unit geographically, socially, economically, politically, or in any other way. What other meaning has the birth of this empire’ party for us? Besides being a drive towards fascism the Beaverbrook platform has especially hidden in it an offensive against the colonial and semi-colonial peoples, for this cannot be openly stated. So these potential dictators first resort to the subterfuge of émpire free trade to fool the British workers into endorsing a policy which they falsely be- lieve will relieve unemployment. This is done in order to make it easier to deepen the ex- ploitation of the already suppressed workers and peasants, and ultimately when they do pro- test, to make an armed offensive against them. In this the empire development policy of the Labor government enunciated by J. H. Thomas, is of direct assistance to Beaverbrook, for there is no essential difference between the two policies. Both are deliberately aimed to equally fool the British proletar’ A Danger Signal. The Pan-Pacifie Trade Unien Secretariat therefore calls upon its affiliated organizations to be on their guard. The birth of this party is a danger signal to the workers and peasants, especially in the Pacific area. Beayerbrook’s policy aims to save British capitalism by at- tempting to balance their national accounts with additional wealth extracted from the colonies. It is a far-reaching policy which can only be achieved by laying the whips to the backs of the already over-burdened natives of Africa, Arabia, India, Malay, China, etc. Not only is Beaverbrook’s policy indicative of greater exploitation of both British workers and colonial and semi-colonial peoples, but it also constitutes objectively a direct offensive against the U. S. A., Britain’s thief competitor, This also brings the world war much nearer and suggests a warning to us to intensify our fight against all preparations for imperialist war. Fight War Danger. The Pan-Pacific Trade Union Secretariat has always made its fight against the war danger one of the strongest points of its program. We must therefore answer the Beaverbrooks, the Thomases, MacDonalds, ete. Whether they hail from the House of Lords or the Labor Party makes little difference, the police of the iron rod hurts just as much wrapped in silk as furnished by the Labor imperialists. Each af- filiated organization must simultaneously pre- pare for a united struggle against imperialism, linking up the struggle with the workers of the imperialist countries. This is the answer to those who seek to fool the masses, who seek to introduce fas- cism, impose greater colonial exploitation, who make constant war on the Soviet Union and prepare to slaughter millions of workers in another world war. The Outposts of Socialist Agriculture When the spring sowing campaign started there were 74 well functioning State grain farms (Soviet farms) in the U.S.S.R. This spring Soviet farms will put under seed an area of 1,050,000 hectares, an area six times. bigger than in the spring of 1929. This year, the tractors of the Soviet grain farms. will plough for the first time the fields of such remote districts of the U.S.S.R. as Cen- tral Asia and the Far Eastern region. Being a powerful factor in influencing the surround- ing peasant population, the Soviet grain farms are taking an active part in the development and consolidation of collective farms, and are also coming to the assistance of idividual poor peasant farms. Last year, Soviet farms ploughed 71,000 hectares of collective farm land, cleaned two million cwts. and threshed 25,000 ewts. of collective farm seed-corn. This ring the Soviet farms have set aside 1,245 szactors for ploughing, 166,000 hectares of col- lective farm land. Apart from this, the Soviet farms will plough by their own means 190,000 hectares of spring sowing fields of the poor and middle peasantry. The Soviet Farm’ “Guigant” (Giant) The well-known Soviet farm “Guigant” fn the North Caucasus has to put this spring under speed 74,500 hectares. The Soviet farm is divided into 24 parts to which seed-corn, plant, movable huts, field kitchens and food stuffs for the laborers have already been taken. The laborers of tbe ‘Soviet farm have re- solved at their meeting to extend the sowing area up to 80,000 hectares and to do the sow- ing in eight days. The First Open Hearth Fur- nace in the Far East A big mechanical factory for the production of boring instruments and gold dredgers was formally opened at Irkutsk, Eastern Siberia. The first open hearth furnace in Eastern Si- beria commenced work. New Factories and Works In Baku (Azerbaijan) another cracking works with power of 75,000 tons benzine “per pear, has been put up and is already in operation, this is the second works of this kind. In Nesvetai (Donbas) a new powerful shaft is being constructed. In April, the construction of two more shafts will be taken in hand. These new shafts are calculated to produce 1,800,000 tons of anthracite of superior quality per year. In Yaroslavl, a rubber combine on a large scale, is being put up. The combine will con- sist of a number of works with a yearly out- put of 4,650,000 of so-called “conditional” auto- mobile covers, and a number of other articles. The following figures give an idea of the size of this combine and of its importance for the rapidly developing automobilization of the U.S. 8. R.: the yearly cost of production in the existing Soviet rubber works amounts to 304 million roubles. The combine which is in the course of construction, is calculated to have inthe last year of the Five-year Plan gross output to the amount of 745 million rubles. The cost of the combine is 170 million ruble