The Daily Worker Newspaper, April 8, 1930, Page 1

re ae in he Nakai lll On May 1, 1886, the Great General Strike for the 8-Hour Day Shook the United States, and Echoing Round the World Gave May First to All Workers as a Day of Revolutionary Challenge to Capitalism. Strike Work on May Day! Onto the Streets May 1! aily Enterea an second-class matter at the Most Office at New York, N.Y. ander the act of March 8, 1879. FINAL CITY EDITION Published daily Company, Inc. .» No. 339 Vol. V cept Sunday by The Comprodaily Publishing 28 Union Square, New York City, N. ¥. a NEW YORK, TUESDAY, APRIL 8, 1930 SUBSCRIPTION RATES: In New York by mall, 88.00 per year. Outside New York, by mail $6.00 per year. Price 3 Cents The Fascist Murder at Cooper Union In yesterday’s issue of the Daily Worker we gave the news of the social-democratic and anarchist meeting at Cooper Union in which an anti-fascist worker was murdered by a police detective in the hall in which the meeting was held. Outside of the fact of the brutal police murder of a member of our, class, which. must always arouse all revolutionary workers, this in- cident with Borghi has importance for us in the sense that it gives us the opportunity to make clear before the Italian workers and the work- ing class in general the political issues which spring out of yesterday’s meeting. The fact is that Anarchists and Social-Democrats follow the same line in regard to the problem of overthrowing fascism, even if in their speeches they try to differentiate each from the other in more or less radical phrascs. In practice they both fight against the line of the Communists, against the line of the real anti-fas program, of the General Federation of Labor of Italy, of the prole- tarian anti-fascist groups in France, of the Anti-Fascist Alliance in the United States, Argentine and other countries—the line laid down by the World Anti-Fascist Congress held in Berlin. Both Anarchists and Social-Democrats fight against the Soviet Union and are therefore on the same field as the most open counter- revolutionists from the Pope to Zoergiebel and Abramovitch, on the field of the social-fascists. The Anarchist program of struggle against fascism is not a uni- fied program. ‘Every so-called “individual leader” has his own pro- gram. For instance, Borghi speaks of “social revolution” against the dictatorship of the proletariat. But to explain the confusionism and the reactionary character of this program it is well to remember that this Borghi was involved in the famous adventure of Riciotti Garibaldi in France, in which Borghi played a leading role and which then was revealed as a fascist plot, Riciotti Garibaldi being an agent of Mussolini. Tresca’s line, for example in the United States is the same as that of the so-called “Anti-Fascist Concentration.” Not long ago, Tresca said in fact that the cause of Fracesco Fausto Nitti is his cause. In other words, Tresca’s line is Turati’s line, namely the return to bourgeois-democratic parliamentarism. This is, in a few words, the line of the so-called “leaders” of differert: schools, But this is not the line of the many anarchist workers, also in the United States, who are in the ranks of the Anti-Fascist Alliance for the overthrow of fascism through the prole- tarian revolution, for the dictatorship of the proletariat, and for the defense of the Soviet Union. The fact that another worker has been murdered by the capitalist state, acting in clear support of the fascist movement, is a clear ex- pression of the struggle of the’ bourgeois authorities against the for- eign anti-fascist workers. It is the same as the continuous deporta- tions of revolutionary workers to different countries, which demon- strates the united front of the American capitalist government with faseist Italy, the fascist Balkan states, the murderous government of Chiang Kai-shek, the reactionary government of Japan, etc. This brutal murder of a worker by the capitalist state must arouse the working masses, awaken the anti-fascist and anti-imperialist movement for the purpose of founding and developing the mass anti-fasciSt move- ment. The anti-fascist movement in this country must not only sup- port the anti-fascist and anti-social-fascist movement in the foreign countries, but also must ‘launch a harder struggle against American fascism and social-fascism, a more stubborn struggle against the con- tinueus murders of workers by the police and reactionary forces and a fight for the right of’asylum for the foreign-born workers. © Apologists for Wage Slavery and Imperialist Oppression Confronting unemployment, the whole tribe of capitalist econo- mists and other medicine men with long strings of college degrees after their names. show themselves jackasses today as much as in the past when some of them ascribed crises in capitalist production to spots on the sun. The other. day one of these long-eared gentry, Dr. Winthrop Tal- bot, said that “Illiteracy and lack of education is the fundamental basis of permanent unemployment.” Regardless, of the contemptuous and stupid attitude of this edu- cated fool toward our class, Talbot's chatter about “illiteracy causing unemployment” is seen for the ridiculous nonsense it is when we ob- serve the streets full of college graduates (also a result of mass pro- duction) unable to find work though they offer to work for $12 a week, and complain that. when théy mention their sheep-skin when applying | for jobs they are answered by horse-laughs. But it is more than that. It is an attempt to make each unem- ployed worker who lacks what professors call an “education,” think that it is his personal misfortune and not the fault of the capitalist system of wage slavery. Dr. Talbot and all those who go about chat- tering such nonsense are serving as apologists for a brutal system of robbery, of life-wrecking speed-ups, starvation, misery, oppression and war—a system’ of -wage-slavery which today is unable even to feed its slaves. Imperialist apologists are always spreading this sort of thing about an oppressed: people. An example can be cited of the speech noted in the N.-Y. Times of April 6, by a Miss Alice B. Van Doren, member of the National Christian Counsel of Missionaries, concerning India. Firstly but incidentally, she lays jhe poverty of the Indian masses to “over-population,” yet examination will show that the population per square mile is no greater in India than in England itself. There is, on | the other hand, plenty of poverty in Australia, and yet none can say Australia is “over-populated.” But this religious apologist for imperialist robbery, by stating that “education is the cure” puts “ignorance” even before “over- population” as the cause of poverty in India. Yet if the untold billions of profit. stolen by British imperialism since its conquest of India had remained with the Indian workers and peasants—which could only be so if the workers and peasants had overthrown their oppressors— there would be neither ignorance nor poverty in India today. fein Likewise we see apologists of American imperialism ascribing the ghastly poverty of the Porto Rican masses to “the cyclone” (a varia- ‘tion happily furnished by nature, since in Haiti and the Philippines it is still ascribed to “ignorance), though since American imperialists grabbed Porto Rico it has taken a sum of profit estimated to be nine- teen times the present total value of Porto Rico and everything on it. Imperialist robbery is more devastating than any number of cyclones. These are subtle forms of apology for imperialism, as Dr. Talbot's ‘bunk about illiteracy causing permanent unemployment in the United States. Workers must expose such lies on-every occasion, and not, as a young worker recently was reported as saying, in comment on unem- ployment in Latin America, repeat the lies of imperialists by saying that the Latin American workers are unemployed because they “don’t know how to work.” The 1,500,000 jobless workers of Latin America are starving because of capitalist robbery and imperialist plunder, and they are the foremost. allies of the United States workers in common struggle to overthrow capitalism. ‘Down with capitalist imperialism and its apologists! Build the fighting alliance of the American proletariat and the oppressed peoples of lands subjected to American imperialism! Organize Unemployed Councils. Show these prostitute prgfessors that only the working class can. solve, the problems of che capilXiist slave system—by overthrowing it revolutionary | BRITISH KILL 2 | IN ATTAGK UPON ~ INDIAN STRIKES ‘British “Labor” Party; Murders Workers on | Strike in India ‘Hundreds Wounded \Gandhi’s Fake “Fight”, Is Not Molested Reports from India show that the; real fight against British imperial- | | ism, led by the workers, is blotting | lout all the spot-light seeking fake | “opposition” of Gandhi and his “salt making” prayerful crew. Monday the workers with troops and police in three | places, with two known dead and | others expected to die, while at | clashed | least 100 were wounded, at the same time Gandhi pursues his salt making gesture while the police look on more or less unconcern- edly. The biggest clash with workers joccurred at Oorungaon, in the gold | mines of the Kolhar district, where | |6,000 miners struck for better con- | ‘ditions. The troops and police fi on the strikers, with the result tha’ | fifty are reported wounded, some | | fatally & men of the Great Indian Peninsula: | line occurred, one at Bombay, where | | many leaders of the union were re- ported arrested, and anothey at | Bhusaval, outside Bombay, where | arrests of leaders of a demonstra- | tion was resisted by the strikers who | attempted to rescue their leaders. | By command of a British police of- ficial, the strikers were fired on and two killed. The capitalist press con- | fuses this real fight of the Indian | workers with Gandhi’s pacifist pos- ing, whereas the strikes of the work- ers are independent of Gandhi’s fake “fight” against British rule. FUR WORKERS - MARCHING TODAY Mass Protest at Noon Against No Work All fur workers are called by the ; Needle Trades Workers Industrial | Union today to march through the | fur market at noon in_ protest | against the unemployment, the| speed-up, the rotten working con-| ditions and the “scab agencies,” the | reactionary bureaucracy and antl. | labor tactics of the International} | Frr Workers Union. “The demonstration will be a de- | mand for the six-hour day and five- | day week in the fur trade, All em- ployed and unemployed fur workers should meet before noon at the of- |fices of the Industrial Union, 131 | West 28th St. The demonstrators | will march into the Sixth Ave. fur | market. The Trade Union Unity League has endorsed the march, |Postpone Case of Fur | Worker Shifrin Again The case of William Shifrin, fur | worker who is being held for trial on a manslaughter charge because | he defended himself against a mur- |derous attack by several armed thugs, came up for hearing in the Bronx yesterday and was again | postponed. | NOT LIKE THE RUBIO-WALL STREET GOV’T. MEXICO CITY. — The formtr Mexican minister to Soviet Russia Herzog, declared today upon his re- j turn that he was shown every cour- tesy and was/not molested in any | | way in his departure. Letters from workers who every day more clearly see the rottenness of the capitalist system show grow- jing radicalization in the United |States. Once in a while a few) of |these letters seep through into the capitalist press. This happens rarely. Thousands are thrown into the waste baskets, hut sometimes the workers serd us a copy. “I, as a 100 per eent Ameri- | ,”” writes one worker, “I think | it is very brutal of the govern- ment to sentence Harry Eisman for a six-year jail term for giv- ing his ideas to the working-class. (++. This brutality reminds me of | “Daily” Drive Centers in the Shops, Mills MINNEAPOLIS, Minn, Apr. 7. —In the big railroad shops and factories, in the iron and copper mines of this district distwibution of the Daily Worker will be in- tensified in order to reach the goal of the mass circulation drive of 30,000 new readers by June 1, an- nounced Karl Reeve, district or- ganizer of the Communist Party. “In this district,” said Reeve, “we have found the response of the workers in the factories to the Daily Worker very good. In the big Milwaukee railroad shops in St. Paul, ete., the workers took the bundles of the Daily Worker | every day eagerly. “During the present drive the Party in this district must see to (Continued on Page Three) FUR CO, UNION __ JAILS STRIKERS 2 Fur Workers Held as Dress Strike Looms WISCON, JOBLESS WIN RELEASE; DRIVE GOES ON ‘Demonstrations Want Release of Delegates in New York i |Perth Amboy Meetings, ‘More Unemployed As) All Prepare Convention | KENOSHA, Wise., April 7—Un- |employed workers who had jammed |the courtroom here and filled the |aisles marched out laughing today | }when four Trade Union Unity) | League organizers and 12 members | lof the unemployed wene dismissed because, “they left Kenosha,” al- though all the defendents were pres- ent. A series of “negotiations” had pre- | |ceded the prosecution’s “face sav-| ling” method of dropping the charges. But the T.U.U.L, insisted that it would continue its activities | in Kenosha and demanded a trial. Then the case was called, and while the workers present revert greetings to the defendants standing in a group, with T.U.U.L, organizer | FASCIST TOOLS OF WALL ST. WILL NOT PREVENT MASS DEMONSTRATION OF WORKERS IN UNION SQ. MAY DAY Southern Bosses Threaten Legal Lynching Against Powers and Carr for Working Class Activity Prepare May Day i Dig Up Civil War Law With Death Penalty ; Demonstration in South DEATH PENALTY Naval Race FIGHT FOR RIGHT | | | \ 4 | MENACES Two “Zce’Smashed | To THE STREETS | ° | | | Over Rivalnies — Southern Bosses Want) sreavy “gloom” has finally cettiea| OFZanize in Shops for / to Kill Communists | upon the London naval conference. | May Day |No effort is being made to conceal] - ATLANTA, Ga., April 7.—Facing| the fact that the promised five-| The fascist Veterans of |the possibility of a death penalty for| Power treaty has died of acute im-| Foreign Wars and American |working class activities in the| perialist rivalries; and in the face/y (oion acting as the fascist |South, M. H. Powers and Joe Carr| of this, the imperialists are finding| “810% s , have been indicted by the grand| it difficult to hide the fact that the | extra-legal tools of Wall Street. jury, on behalf of the capitalist| Prospective three-power pact be-/ will hold a demonstration Southern bosses, for “inciting insur- rection” and “circulating insurrec- | tion papers,” tween England, America and Japan| against the workers of New York \failure of the five-power treaty substance intended to cover up the is only a smoke screen of no real) on May Day at Union Square. The small number of members of these organizations are being pushed for PHILADELPHIA, Pa., April 7-—| Donald Burke towering 6 feet 4 ollowing negotiations between the! inches in the courtroom, the judge | pressive acts ordered by the South-| company union (International Fur | declared them all “absent,” and that |¢rn capitalists against the revolu- Workers’ Union) through Morris | ended the case. |tionary working class movement in This follows a whole series of sup-| | Certainly the basic imperialist rival- ward by the city administration to ries that exploded the five-power| perform the dirty work of police conference will not have suddenly | agents against the working class. Jit is the best. Kauffman, and the Fur Manufac- turers Association of Philadelphia the agreement between the latter and the Needle Trades Workers’ Industrial Union has been broken eff by the Association. Fighting for the union conditions established under the leadership of the N.T.W.LU. a strike was de- clared at Brenner & Co. a few days ago. Thugs and scabs provided by the bosses and the company union attacked the pickets. The pickets put up a vigorous defense of them- selves and their pnion conditions with the result that the scabs Sny- derman. and Lubarsky were taken to the hospital. Two workers pass- ing by at the time were arrested by the police at the request of the scabs, These are now out on a thousand dollars bail each. Rally For Dress Strike. Rapid progress is being made in the organization of a dressmakers’ strike, in which the demands will be the 40-hour week,» a minimum wage of $25 a-week for cotton dressmakers, equality of Negro and white workers, union conditions and union control. Moundsville Strikers Tried Today; Miners Struggle to Hold Hall WHEELING, W. Va., April 7. Seven strikers arrested at Mounds- ville and charged with conspiracy will come to trial tomorrow. The National Miners Union at Powhatan will ‘appear in court Apr. 12, to defend its right to hold the miners’ hall, erected by the miners themselves, and claimed now in a suit brought by the United Mine Workers of America. The Powhatan miners are on strike under the lead- ership of the N.M.U. Federal Court Aids Morgan Group in Steel Merger Fight CLEVELAND, April 7.—Federal Judge Arthur J. Tuttle today in a ruling supported the Morgan in- jterests who are rushing through a merger of the Youngstown Sheet and Tube Company with the Beth- lehem Steel Corporation. Cyrus S Eaton, rich exploiter and several other stockholders who are against the merger, because they lose dough to the Morgan interests, are at- tempting to stop the merger. Write About Your Conditions for The Daily Worker. Become a Worker Correspondent. SOME WRITE AND ) FIGHT \Letters Show Growing Radicalization dark Russia when there was a czar there.” y Joins the Party. After reading the Daily Worker and discussing Communism, one worker informs us: “Only recently I became a sympathizer of the work of your organ, a real workingman’s organization. No, it wasn't your propagande entirely that swayed me to this new achool of thought, a thought tbat is net merely utopian and idealistic, but one that is the most logical—one that will make people of all nations and nationali- ties sit back and take notice that (Continued on Page Three) * I do not wish to be- | i) } These workers were arrested at a| | mass unemployment meeting at} | Library Park, Feb. 20. | Police took Burke, Richard Tres- | | vors, Joe Dallett, and George Scar- | | borough. A thousand workers and! (Continued on Page Three) FAKES STORY ON ‘SHOOTING TOILER at Pete i} Killer of Anti-Fascist Frames Excuse Cossack Lilienthal, who murdered | an anti-fascist worker Sunday at a Cooper Union meeting called by the | “socialists” and anarchists to “de-| bate” fascist, though their: policy is very closely allied, is now trying to | frame-up a story about being beaten. | Lilienthal shot into the crowd of | workers in cold blood when he could not arrest Borghi, the anarchist speaker. Instead of arresting Lilien- thal, the Whalen police authorities ordered the jailing of five workers| on “felonious assault” charges. With Lilienthal, who is on Wha-| len’s force, was Peaggia, ostensibly a Federal immigration officer, who} acted as a direct agent of Mussolini | by seeking to arrest Borghi and have | him shipped to death in Italy. ANGLO-U.S, FIGHT OVER ABYSSINIA Imperialist Rivalry for) African Empire Reports from Abyssinia, a coun- try of 10,000,000 people in north- jeast Africa, telling in somewhat spectacular form of the decisive bat- tle of 100,000 Abyssinians for con- trol of the government, reveal an- | other of the fierce conflicts between the two leading imperialist: powers, America and England. In this case American imperialism won out and through control of its native lackey, Ras Tafari Makonnen, has a strangle hold on British Sudan, where Eng- jland has been trying to develop cot- ton production to end dependence on U. S. cotton. On April 1, Ras Tafari, who has been regent and real ruler, although the, title. of empress was held by Waizeru Zauditu, daughter of the dead Emperor Menelik, defeated in {battle 300 miles from the capital of ‘Addis Abeba. an army of 50,000 lrebel troops led by Zauditu’s fourth husband, Ras Gugas Wali, evidently backed by British interests as Ras Tafari is backed by Wall Street. An airplane‘ bonib dtopped by a French pilot of Ras Tafari is said to have decided the battle by killing (Continued on Page Three) gl ee eee Today in the . Baily 32s Worker The U. S, At The Naval Confer- ence, Page 4. “Our Colony Of Cuba,” Page 4.. How Job Sharks Skin the Unerkployed, Page 4. Prav- da On Collectivization, Page 3. Ne- gro Misleaders in Dixie, Page 4. TOMORROW. The Liberafs and March 6, by W. Z. Foster. Plenum of C. C. Com- munist Party of Germany! Nn ever witnessed here. the South, under the leadership of the Communist Party and Trade | Union Unity League. Despite this | latest attack, mass May Day prepa- rations are going ahead in the South for the largest May ist demonstra- The Southern exploiters, who see {the growing unity of Negro and white workers in their fight against brutal exploitation, for better living conditions and against lynchings, | jhave dug up Civil War day’s mea-| sures in their attacks on working | class leaders. The first charge against Powers | }and Carr, “inciting insurrection,” | carries the death penalty, unless the jury: recommends “mercy,” in which event the penalty is five to 20 years. | (Continued on Page Three) disappeared at the three-power ne- (Continued on Page Two) e N ass Protest Wed. | Against Railroading, of Jobless Committee On Wednesday, April 9, at 8 p.-m., the workers of this city will protest against the attempt and intentions of the capitalists of the city to railroad the Unem- | ployed Delegation to jail. The meeting will be held at Central Opera House, 6th St. and Third Ave., under the auspices of the | Communist Party. FIGHT WILKINS LYNCHING IN GA. Int'l Labor Defense to Expose Bosses | Instructions to the Southern) Branch of the International Labor Defense to secure all essential in-| formation on the brutal lynching of | |J. H. Wilkins, Negro Pullman Porte: | of Kansas City, Mo., who was lynch- ed last Saturday morning betweeni Macon and Atlanta, Ga., had been issued by the National office. The train was stopped and Wil- kins taken off by a boss mob w! awaited him. The railroad offi-| cials are attempting to say that he was thrown off while the train was | in motion to the mob which waited | for him. | «se « | KANSAS CITY, Mo., April 7.—) The International Labor Defens here has instituted an investigation concerning the facts relating to the Negro Pullman Porter, who was) lynched in Georgia, Saturday morn. ing. Over 12,000 Pullman porters! are employed by the capitalist ex- American Federation of Labor which issued a jim crow charter to A. Philip Randolph, Negro reformist oi New York City. FASCIST WAR PREPARATIONS. | ROME.—The Fascist Council is! rushing thru appropriations for the Aviation Department totalling 718,-| 000,000 lire, : GASTONIA 7 PROTEST Beginning Sunday, April 6, and lasting until the following Sunday, April 13, will be a week of protest throughout the nation) on behalf of the Gastonia defendants, whose ap- peal against a total of 117 years imprisonment will be heard in Ra- leigh, N. C., April 22, the Interna- tional Labor Defense announced. The week of protest will also de- mand the release of the Unemployed Delegation of New York, who go to trial: April 11 ‘ard all workers ar- rested March 6th throughout the land. 3 * Mass meetings in dozens of indus- trial centers will be held. These in- clude meetings in Philadelphia, | | | The bankers of Wall Street, | | through the administration of ; || Walker-Whalen, are determined | (0 put behind the bars Foster | Amter, Minor, Leston and gRay- | | mond for the March 6th demon- | | stration and for making an effort | to present the demands of the un- | employed to the city administra. tion. The answer to this must be the | continued agitation and organ- ization of the workers in the shops | for militant action. Foster, Minor | and Amter will speak. © MACDONALD FOR - WOOL WAGE CUT Drastic Reduction Is Announced in England BRADFORD, England, April 7.— With the ministry,of labor, in a la- tue of “not interfering,” the woolen of drastic wage reductions. They follow the advice of a re- icent royal (labor party government) | dition of the industry.” The workers are in a fighting mood, but the reactionary official- |dom is proposing merely that the reductions be about half the an- nounced amounts. WRITE about ir conditions for the Daily Worker. Beeome a Worker Correspondent. Campaign to Demand Their Release April 6th at 39 N. Tenth St.; April | 8th, algo in that city, when John | |Porter, former service man, wil] speak; Trenton, N. J., April 7th; Norfolk, Va., April 6th, Boston, |April 6th, on Boston “Common, Charles St. Mall, which will also protest the murder charges against Leonard Doherty, organizer of the Marine Workers’ League in that city; San Frangisoc, April 6th; De- troit, April 6th Pittsburgh on the same dat,e. The New York District of the In- ternational Labor Defense has also announced a “class war prisoners’ conference, April 20th, in Irving Plaza Hall. , gotiations. This much is clear. The arms race is on. The entire American| | two wor With the approval and permission | of Police Commissioner Whalen, the | dandy of Broadway, head of New York cossacks, they have arrangec a demonstration against the revolt that is rising in the working clas | against the misery and starvation that is rampant throughout th country. More than 700,000 work ers in New York City alone are out of work. This is based upon the calculations of State Comm of Labor Perkins, and sure! conservative estimate. Part-time (Continued on Page Two) PROTEST MURDER OF ANTI-FASCIST Labor Defense Calling Mass Meeting Sunday | The International Labor Defense |f& conducting an intensive campaign in behalf of the foreign born work ers, who are threatened with de |portation and are discriminated against, and is now with the aid of \the Anti-Fascist Alliance, calling a {huge mass protest meeting at Man- hattan Lyceum, 66 €. 4th St., on | April 13, against the shooting of s at an anti-fascist meet- ling held in Cooper Union, Sunday. | April’ 6, by one of Whalen’s plain clothes men, Thomas A. Lilienthal. “All workers and working class organizations are urged to come to this meeting. The attack on. the foreign born workers in this coun- try and, the use of the immigration authorities to hound down and shoot | foreign born workers and refugees |from the fascist government of | Europe and Latin America, must be | answered by the workers of this | city, American and foreign born,” “| bor party government making a vir-| ates the I. L. D. “The campaign against the for- brutal lynching of J. H. Wilkins,| manufacturers have posted notices | eign born is part and parcel of the increased attacks on the and | general |working class by the bosses | must be fought. | “At this same time, the case of ing company through a company |CoMmission of inquiry which “rec-| the seven Gastonia victims of union scheme—known as the Wel-, ommended the cuts as a necessary| American terrorism will come to fare Association and also thru the | SteP in the present depressed con- | trial, April 22. The I, L. D. eon- |siders the fight for the protection | of foreign born workers and the de- |fense of the victims of American terrorism and fascism as a single {fight against the bosses and their government. “Rally to the support of the Gas- tonia prisoners. They must not A to jail. Rally to the support of the |foreign born workers. For only {mass organizations and protest can | save them,” PAINTERS OPEN FORUM. The Painters’ Section of the T. U |U. L. has an Open Forum, where |Lead Poisoning, which is the dis- lease of the painting trade, will be the topic, Sunday, April 20, at 2 p. |m., at 142 Boston Road, Bro: Fp # | nh || Today in History of the Workers | April 8th, 183{—London tailors struck for more pay. 1906—Elec- |tions for fitst Russian Duma. 1929 |—General strike of French marine jworkers in all ports. 1925—Hight thousand Swedish seamen struck against ship owners’ control of em- ployment offices. 1925—Jacques |Sadoul, French army captain who became a Communist in Russia, ac- quitted in trial for high treason and desertion t