The Daily Worker Newspaper, January 30, 1930, Page 3

DAILY WORKER, NEW YORK, THURSDAY, JANUARY 30, 1930 cae NNR 7 ee WAR PREPARATIONS TO. ATTACK SOVIET UNION Prime Minister Announces Program for Larger | Army; Fascist Press Supports the Plan Minister of “Defense” Starts Campaign for Militarization of Whole Population PRAGUE (By Inprecorr Mail Service).—One of the tasks of the new social fascist government is the strengthening of militarism in Checko-Slovakia. The programma- tie speech of the prime minister Udrzals declared that the fighting strength of the Checkish army must be increased. This was the open- ing of the campaign which has since been taken up by the nationalist and fascist press. Viskovsky, the Minister for the National Defense, which is nothing but the war minister, declares that the army does not occupy a promi- nent position enough in public life. War was outlawed, but it was a moral duty to build up a strong defensive army. The family, the should take part in the building up of good soldiers, in his opinion. The whole campaign is nothing but a preparation of the country for war against the Soviet Union under the cloak of “national defense,” and there is no doubt that the govern- ment will do its utmost to carry out this part of its program. Berlin Workers Protest Police Brutality BERLIN, Jan. 8 (By Inprecorr Mail Service)—This evening at short notice a mass demonstration of Berlin workers took place in the Lausitzer Platz, the scene of some of yesterday’s police brutalities, in order to protest against the contin- ual police provocations and against the murder and maltreatment of un- armed workers. The general spirit was bitter and indignant, for most of the workers had themselves witnessed or suf- fered from the police thugery. The police had announced “ruthless ac- tion,” against the meeting, but the demonstration passed off without in- cident. After cheers for the prohibited Red Front Fighters’ League the workers formed into ranks and marched off to a neighboring hall, where the protest demonstration was continued. Attack on Eight-Hour Day in Czecho-Slovakia PRAGUE (By Inprecorr Mail Service)—There is no doubt that one of the aims of the Checkish bourgeoisie in its efforts to ration- alize industry and solve the crisis at the expense of the workers, is to abolish the eight-hour day. The small tradesmen’s party has intro- duced a draft law abolishing the eight-hour day in the bakeries. This proposal is the introduction ‘of the struggle for the general abolition Mass Arrests Loom in Cal. for Filipinoes (Continued from Page One) diers’ barracks, break into the ar- senal and get the guns. To Get the Organizers. The connection with the Imperia! Valley Filipinoes, who waged a strike under the leadership of the Trade Union Unity League for shorter hours, better housing, and more wages recently, shows the basis of the whole thing. It is given a certain color by the fact that the capitalist press represents as “riots _led by Communists,” the series of struggles the Filipino workers in Santa Clara and Pajaro Valleys have had to wage against murder gangs of American Legionnaires and deputies for over a week, with 60 Filipinoes arrested, one killed in his cabin by rifle fire and many arrests. Mass Arrests. The present plan is evidently, un- der cover of this colorful story of an attempted attack on the arsenal, to make wide-spread arrests of Fili- pino workers, and of T.U.U.L. or- ganizers who are building the Im- perial, Saline, Santa Clara and Pa- jaro workers into a powerful agri- cultural workers industrial league, to wage a real struggle this year for improved conditions. Charges, under California law could be made under the California criminal syndi- calism law, or the murder or sedi- tion laws could be used in the frame up. The Filipino workers are com- jng more and more to see that they must organize and struggle, and the arrests and frame up will not stop them. Jim Edwards, Defense Delegate, Found Safe Word was received recently from Charlotte, N. C., that Jim Edwards, Negro delegate to the International Labor Defense convention in Pitts- bargh in December, has been located and is in a safe place. It was fear- ed he was kiled several weeks ago, when he disappeared from his home, after having received many threat- ening letters. Edwards had also exposed the murderers of Willy Daniels, a Ne- gro tenant ee ur Jyighed a group of wealthy farmerrs be- ann he objected to the exploitation of his wife, who worked for weeks picking blackberries and then was refused payment. JAIL BUFFALO WORKERS. BUFFALO, N. Y., Jan. 28.--Four workers arrested and under $500 bond each came up for trial today. They took part in a spontaneous demonstration Friday. Two Negro workers were arrested for distribution of leaflets calling the unemployed to demonstrate Fri- day afternoon. The first four were speakers for the morning near the City Broad- way auditorium where the unem- jloyed gather, ‘s "The Negro workers were charged with violating city ordinances and are held under $100 bail. They were to come up on trial today also. Saturday at 5 p. m., two adult workers and one Young Pioneer were arrested at Dornwald Stee! plant, they are held on bail of $200 each. Workers! This Is Your Paper. Write for It. Distribute It Among Your Fellow Workers! of the eight-hour day. The social fascists have also raised a shout of protest, but this means nothing more than an attempt to deceive the workers into the belief that they are prepared to fight against the abolition of the eight-hour day whilst behind the scenes they nego- tiate with the bourgeosie concern- ing the best way to abolish it with the least possible resistance on the part of the workers. Fascist Italy Is Hit by Big Crisis (Continued from Page One) cism, against which the party lead- ers must act with all energy. The speech of the fascist general secretary, Turati reflects the seri- ous crisis of Italian fascism which is not caused mainly by “agitation” or “slander” but by the sharpening economic crisis, which is shattering the foundations of fascism. The events which lately took place in Italy deserves fullest attention. The fascist policy goes from failure to failure. The misery of the rural population of Italy is indescribable. In the southern part of the country the cities are flooded with beggars who have come from the countryside. In Apulia and Sicily, where the per- centage of agricultural workers is especially high, unemployment is a mass phenomenon. Industry has considerably reduced its production. The biggest Italian automobile factory, Fiat, which was able to put 500 cars daily on the market, in 1926-7 produced only 200 ears a day; in 1929 only 130, and this number is still steadily declin- ing. The number of workers in the fac- tory has declined from 20,000 to 9,- 999 or 10,000. Even these work only three to four days a week. The crisis has spread into all factories in Tu- rin and Milan. In Italy a mighty upsurge of the labor movement in the North has be- gun together with the peasants movement in the South of the coun- ltry. Hundreds of toilers stormed the buildings of the fascist munici- | pal administrations and of the fas- | cist party. In the Lombardian metal factories | in Milano the workers elected a com- | mission for the fight against wage | cuts which negotiated directly with the firm. At the end of October a demon- stration of unemployed took place in Geneva and invaded the inner city. In Milan workers were discharged in masses in the locomotive factories Miani and Silvestri where about 3000 men are employed. When the dismissal of further 800 workers be- came known, the workers destroyed the factory office. After the build- ing had been occupied by troops, the workers assembled in the streets and demonstrated against the employers ani fascism. In the clashes between workers and police some workers and policemen were injured. Other Milan factories staged demonstra- tions of solidarity. The mass army of unemployed in Italy, under the leadership of the Communist Party of Italy, will par- take in the world-wide demonstra- tion against unemployment and for ‘unemployment relief to be held on Feb. 26. Write About Your Conditions for The Daily Worker. Become a Worker Correspondent. CHURCH UNION MISLEAD OTTAWA (By Mail)—Archbishop Forbes has issued a pastoral calling on all catholics in this Diosese to form national catholic unions. This union exists in Quebec and is an effective weapon of the bosses. Build The Daily Worker—Send fn Your Share of the 15,000 New Subs. school and the whole of public life | | | | | while he was on the food clerks’ picket line. a POLICEM! N WITH "i MACHINE GUNS. Part of the huge procession of workers at funeral of Steve Katovis, who was murdered by police Note police ready to shoot down workers with machine gun. HOSE WORKERS DEFY INJUNCTION Defy Muste Group too in Aberle Strike PHILADELPHIA, Pa., Jan. 29.— The militancy of the 1,400 hosiery strikers of the H. C. Aberle Hosiery Mill has nulified all efforts thus far on the part of the Muste group running the strike, to sell the strike out. All 1,400 remain out and de- spite the injunction given the mill bosses by the notorious anti-labor Judge McDevitt, the strikers’ mili- tancy is unabated. The injunction .granted by the Vare-Mellon controlled. court ; pro- hibited more than eight workers on | the picket line. Nevertheless, the | strikers, disregarding both the in- |Junction and the Musteites, insisted fon their right to picke One striker, John J. E k swas | arrested and sentenced to an inde- |finite term by Judge McDevitt for | “contempt of court” iolating the | injunction, The were not in- | timidated when McDevitt threatened to prohibit all picketing if the in- junction were again violated. The Aberle wi r a 30 per in struck against cent wage cut, | PATERSON, | Picketing is uncon and all strike act barred the Mutual Hosier: in one of th tions ever issued | courts in this st: the order of Holder of the Full Fashioned jers Feder: in | prevent milit: Marine»Workers Open Oakland Headquarters, Win 50 Cents Pay Raise OAKLAND, Marine Workers League is actively | organizing longshoremen on |side of the bay as well as on the | San Francisco side. On this side, the crew of the King Coal Co. is | organized 100 per cent. Organiza- |tion is proceeding in the Howard Terminal. The bos as soon as | they heard of this raised wages 50 ents a day. The men were getting 50 cents an hour. The wage now is | $4.50 a day, and the workers are | determined to make it 90 cents an hour. Jan. 29.— nally banned virtually strikers most drastic injun by the bosse eader y Work- attempting to y by the strikers A new headquarters of the Marine | Workers League has been opened. It is at 334 Market St., Oakland. [Boss Court Prepares to Murder Six for Leading Auburn Revolt | AUBURN, N. Y., Jan. -29.—Six |of the leaders of the Auburn sec- ond prison revolt, which took place December 11, are being tried in the Cayuga County Court House. | The state is preparing to kill them | for. their attempt to lead the im- |prisoned men in the filthy, ‘rotten | Auburn prison to a fight for their | liberty. The Auburn outbreak followed a long series of prison revolts in all parts of the country. The bosses’ jails are being filled with workers | who are thrown out of-work. With | the inerease in the suppressive laws ‘such as the Baumes and indetermin- jate sentence laws, the workers are given long jail terms, for the smal- Jest acts, this | Police Bar Halls, San Pedro Lenin Meet in Street SAN PEDRO, Cal. Jan. 29.— When police interference closed all San Pedro halls to the Lenin Mem- orial meeting, over 500 workers held their Lenin Memorial in a street demonstration. This was the first street demonstration in San Pedro since the longshoremen’s strike in 1923. NEED FUNDS FOR THE BLACKLISTED Workers Aid to Save Lives Thousands of unemployed and blacklisted Southern textile workers are starving. This is the, message sént to the Workers International Relief by a Leaksville, N. C., work- er, whose name is being withheld to protect him. His letter follows: “T am writing you in behalf of the blacklisted strikers in the South, those in Gastonia and in Leaksville |and many of those engaged in or | ganizing the textile workers. “From local reports thousands of are starving in more than | nties of the state. Thousand {of workers of course are unempl: {ed, and when they were employ |here they only received enough to | pay about one-half of their real ex- | penses.”” The Workers International Relief gn to aid the |has started a camp Southern textile wor! and has es~ tablished headquarters at Charlotte, | with Caroline Drew as organizer. | A soup kitchen will be opened soon for unemployed workers and W.1.R. locals are being organized in vari-} | ous towns. | Funds for the relief of the unem- | ployed and blacklisted mill workers should be sent to the National Office |949 Broadway City. room 512, New oYrk 'Bosses Hold Negro | Worker on Frame-Up : Andrew Turner, Negro worker of Chest militant memben of the |Trade Union Unity League, under | $3,500, charged with second degree }murder, is still in prison after a j grand jury hearing at Freehold, N. jd, yesterday. ® | One of the troopers to testify ‘ngainst Turner hed sustained a | broken jeg and was not in court. | Attorney Levinson, for the Inter- ; national Labor Defense, defending \the worker, will go to Freeheld to- jday with a writ of habeus corpus, | to force the authorities to let Tur- |nex out. | Turner was arrested after a mo- | torist drove into the rear of his | iruels, and was killed, six weeks ago. | Turner had no. year light because lhis employers refused to provide for such a light. | BRITISH TERM GHANDI CON- GRESS A “MERE SHOW.” LONDON, Jan. 29.—The “labor” | government’s India Office, sniffing contemptuously at Ghandi and his | bourgeois National Congress as a “mere. show,” has issued a state- ‘ment belittling the demonstrations of Sunday, and playing up as im- portant the coming report of the Simon Commission and. the “three- cornered conference” between the | British, the Indian bourgeoisie ‘and the Inlian princes although Ghandi’s Relief Asks FIGHT ATTEMPT TO RAILROAD 3 Pa. Sedition Law Used by Steel Bosses EASTON, Pa., Jan. 29.—The at- tempt to railroad William Murdoch, Anna Burldek, and Albert Brown, will be resumed by the Bethlehem Steel Company’s court at Easton on | Monday, February 10. | The attempt to railroad these three members of the Communist | Party will be made on a sedition | charge, arising out of the arrest of j three workers at a May Day meet- ing in Bethlehem, on May 16, 1929. | Under the infamous Flynn Sedition Law, the steel bosses, court threat- ens a one to twenty year prison |term to the three workers. The International Labor Defense of the Philadelphia district, which is defending Murdoch, Burlack and Brown is appealing to all Lehigh Valley workers to rally to the de- fense of the three workers. \Laundrymen Expose Graft in Local No. 810; Want Shop Committees The Cleaners and Laundry Work- ers Industrial League in a statement issued recently tells of the expul- ions of real workers and reinstate- | ment in office of grafters and trait- ors in Drivers Local 810 of the A. F. of L. International Brotherhood of Teamsters, Chauffeurs, Stable- j;men and Helpers of America. | In the midst of a shower of high dues, assessments, etc., the Inter- |national officials have reinstated | Rosenzweig, organizer of Local 810. | This fellow had been expelled by a large majority in Local 810 because he sold out strikers in the Bronx, and collected ruinous expense bills. The league says: “Break your iso- lation. Reach the inside workers and , Jan. 29.—The | of the Workers International Relief, | puiid shop committees. Down with craft unionism. Throw out the boss- jes and their agents from the union. “Reinstate the expelled members and take control of the local in your own hands. Join the Cleaners and Laundry Workers Industrial League, section of the Trade Union Unity League, which fights for: “An 8-hour day, five-day week. “A standard minimum wage scale. “Equal pay for equal work for men, women, Negro and white work- ers. “Against the speed-up.” “No discharge, no Jay off. “Sick and unemployment insur- ance paid by the bosses and con- trolled by the workers. | “Organize a shop committee in every laundry and elect delegates to the Trade Union Unity League | convention, March 1 and 2, at Irving | Plaza Hall, Irving Place and 15th (aes |INCREASE NATIONAL GUARD FOR USE IN STRIKE. SAN FRANCISCO, Cal., Jan. 29. |—The National Guard of California, j which recently held maneuvers for ' strike duty, announces that its per- sonnel will be increased this year by 1000 over 1929. The Young Com- munist League is issuing a bulletin, ; the “Red Guardsman,” to the Na- tional Guard in San Francisco, with the slogan “fight imperialist war.” congress gave a half-hearted “re- jection” of such a conference, Ghandi carefully leaves a hole in all such actions through which he can reach an agreement any moment with im- perialism against the Indian masses. Funeral Police Train Machine Guns on Workers MARY OR WAGES’ C LB DEMAND JOBLESS 6.000000 INU. S, Mobilize for Mass Pro-| test Feb. 26 (Continued from Page One) | jobs” cannot erase. | Apparently proceeding upon the idea that if he repeats the lie it be- comes the “truth” to thousands and | millions who may think that the| crisis is “just temporary.” Y. day Hoover again issued reports, saying that “there hi improvement in the employment situatian.” In spite of this the im- perialist chief “prosperity” propa- | gandist was forced to admit that in the week preceding January 13, re- ports from the Department of Labor showed “there was a great many in- dustries which were still showing a minus sign.” Try to Fool the Workers. By such phrases are the bosses trying to hide the huge army of mil- lions of unemployed, and to attempt to forestall the growing mass bat- tles for immediate unemployment. relief or work, which will culminate in a mass international demonstra- tion on February 26, Pointing out that in spite of ize the capitalists to increase pro- duction and soft-peddle unemploy- ment, the Commercial and Financial Chronicle, organ of the leading im- ary 25) says that Hoover prosperity campaign is not stopping the rap- idly growing crisis. They say: “The drop to 119,950 (autos) in December consequently reflects an inordinate shrinkage and indi- cates very extensive shutdowns, as are known to have actu- ally occurred. It may seem strange that such decided curtailment should have occurred, in face of President Hoover’s request to all the leaders of industry, that pro- duction, in fear of the ill effects to follow from the stock market panic, should be maintained as nearly full volume as_ possible. The fact is, however, that such a course was simply out of the ques- tion.” No End in Sight! Hoover’s phrases cannot hide the fact that his words were not able to stop the admitted deep crisis, nor can his lies cover the present con- tinued growth of the mass unem- ployed army. The Financial Chro- nicle goes on to point out that the present crisis of American capital- ism is deep-rooted, and say: “Evidently there had been over- production. It hence would have been the height of folly to add further to the surplus stock of cars, and the case serves to illus- trate how difficult it is to com- ply with a blanket request that industrial activity be maintained on the old scale... . “Undue importance, therefore, }of big increase in activity as com- pared with months preceding. 2, Work or Wages. Several days after Hoover first announced that “business was be- coming better,” the Guaranty Trust Co. of New York, in its review of economic conditions (Jan. 27, 1930) said, “there is as yet no conclusive evidence of an upturn in business activity.” They mingle this with a lot of bunk about “possibilities” in the future, and then go on to show how drastic the present crisis of U. S. capitalism really is, with its mass unemployment. They say: “Industrial activity declined much more sharply (<n general business in December). As meas- ured by the consumption of elec- tricity in manufacturing plants, the level of operations in Decem- ber, according to the Electrical World, was 8.6 per cent lower than a year earlier. The Annalist index, which reflects changes in railway traffic as well as indus- trial output, declined from 94.2 to 90.1, the latter figure comparing with 99.1 in December, 1928. Avy- erage daily production of steel in- gots amounted to only 115,851 tons, as against 135,116 tons in November and 60,728 tons a year ago. Automobile output totaled 119,950 units, as compared with 217,570 a month earlier, and 234,- 116 in the preceding December. Domestic cotton consumption was the smallest since July, 1926, amounting to only 453,892 bales, exclusive of linters, as compared with 544,150 bales in November, and 533,301 bales a year earlier. Employment in manufacturing in- dustries, according to the monthly report of the Department of La- bor, was 3.1 per cent smaller than in November, the general index being 91.9 as against 94.8 a month earlier and 95.5 in December, 1928.” Confronting cold, wintry-cold facts the words of Hoover can blow down the wind while millions of Jobless, part-time workers and those who, having jobs, are driven insane by speed-up and wage cuts, are called upon to unite in Councils of Unemployed, which joined with the employed in delegate committees, should enter a campaign of struggle to force immediate relief, “Work or Wages” for the jobless out of the fat purses of the capitalist parasites, and the only way to force this is to organize struggle, to carry on the fight daily before factory gates and mobilize to demonstrate by mil- lions on February 26, which is In- ternational Unemployment Day. Hoover’s frantic attempts to organ- | perialists, in its latest issue (Janu- | should not be attached to statements | T WAGES OF THE PANHANDLE MINERS; THEY SCORN THE UMWA Look to National Miners Union to Organize Them for General Strike Elm Grove Mine Bosses Use UMWA Misleaders to Spy on Coal Diggers Instead we went on organizing in the N.M.U. and pi aring for the NMI out in a general 11 strike. s company has a whole 1 pigeons and a few of (By a Worker Correspondent) 1 BRIDGEPORT, Ohio.—For the last two months the local paper: have been printing that 1930 0 call u open a year with great prosperity. | gang too But the miners here were soon to| the old Le gang to watch. the \learn that it was not for them. miners. On Sunday of last week some of the miners went to a meet- ing to protest against the convic- tion of the three wo who tried to speak in Martin’s Ferry. On Mon- day they were told to take their tools out; that the company “don’t want any damn Communists around.” Now the miners know why Tom Guynn is in jail and they pledge themselves to carry on the fight against this bosses’ terror. So fellow workers we miners ir the Panhandle section eall on you to join the National Miners Unior On the morning of January 1 the miners went to work at No. 3 mine of the Elm Grove Mining Co. About one hour after they had started to |work the section or fire bosses told them that their wages were cut |from 52 cents a ton to 42 cents a And other miners here are ex- pecting the other operators to fol- low this lead. The miners here read a good deal about what the U.M.W. A. is “doing” to organize the miner as all local papers are falling over themselves trying to aid these |and help us fight against these con- |fakers. But the miners here have | ditions for we are starving, and will had a lot of experience with the|starve to death unless we fight back. —A PANHANDLE MINER. U.M.W.A. fakers and did not call jon them to solve our problems, i Ready to Fight Simmons Wage Cuts (By a Worker Correspondent) KENOSHA, Wis. (By Mail).— |The Simivons Bed Company has re- nized its whole factory on the of piece work and the { lation of a cheek-up viock, w has resulted in terrific speed-up, swage cuts and mass layoffs. The wages have been cut to the extent | holding meetings and preparing for that for the amount of work tor|struggle. One department at its which the workers previously were | meeting tonight discussing +he paid 68 cents they now receive 3% | question of strike. There are ail pos- cents. I other departments the cut | sibilities that the strike will be de- has been by 85 cents to 22 cents. | clared, which unquestionably will be Simultaneously with the reorgan- | developed to involve all the workers ization of the shop the check-up in the shop. clock was installed. This check-up|\ The T.U.U.L. is already on the clock records every second that the! job, org: ig the workers and worker is not engoged in actual|leading their struggle against the work. As soon as his hands are | speed-up, wage cuts and against un- taken off the metal, or whatever he | employment. is working on, the clock stops. Us-| SIMMONS WORKER. Jing this as a basis, the bosses re- loreanized the whole shop from day | work to piece work. Following this, the terrific cut took place, simultaneously with the increasing speed-ur | Workers are rebelling against |these inhuman conditions. They are tion before the local city hall, and German Jobless Get en ye tert ot the police were Into Hot Battles | apie to break up the meeting. The Communist Party of Czecho-Slav- (Continued from Page One) | akia is mobilizing the growing mass continued the way to Hamburg. of jobless workers for participation In Hamburg, violent collisions oc-| in the international demonstration curred yesterday evening following | against unemployment on February a meeting. The police attacked the | 26. workers on the pretense that the j workers, in leaving the meeting at SOCIALISTS” WAIT FOR jits end, violated the prohibition OPPORTUNE TIME |against demonstrations. The police (Wireless By Inprecorr) |fired their arms and _ severely ; Hl ee Gh PARIS, Jan. 28.—The congress +wounded two, but the workers oc" | of the “socialist” party has re-af- put up real demonstrations, and col- | °! : i bei |lisions continued until late at night. | firmed its adhesion to its bitter anti- p. | Bolshevist struggle and for defense of its capitalist fatherland. Ren- | audel’s motion for immediate parti- cipation in the government with Scores of pa: ersby were beaten ur jout street lamps to hinder the police action. * 2 8 Eis BN he ‘x, | other capitalist parties was rejected FIERCE ee IN HUN- for Faures’ motion, agreeing to par- tici on in principle, but declaring (Wireless By Inprecorr) the present moment inopportune, | VIENNA, Jan. 29.—Unexpected | unemployment demonstration Jeurred in Budapest, Hungar: |day. Communist leaflets w | tributed and the attack of the, police | against the demonstrations were re- pulsed until large reinforcements ar- rived to clear the streets. Fierce collions between workers and cists occurred Monday at The |fascists had to be rescued by the ADADADAERARAAAR, Doctors Warn Against Bladder Weakness sagu> It often indicates that AAPA your bladder and kidneys IM police, are in a very unhealthy ae eee condition, threatening ap GHAR or TacrE ek . your entire bodily health, DEFEAT CZEC HY OLICE. Don't run the risk of serious sick« |. PRAGUE, Czecho-Slovakia (By ness. Take steps at once to correct Inprecorr Mail Service)—The un- bladder and Itidney trouble. Get from your druggist at once employed workers movement in | Czecho-slovakia is growing rapidly. The unemployed workers in Levitche have carried out a great demonstra- | Santali Midy ithaca tein etecetntincitndet Pekar Mine JOBS AY invaluable analysis of the problem of UNEM- PLOYMENT. The author destroys, by means of facts and Marxist-Leninist deductio I, illusions cre- ated by the hypocritic efforts of the Hoover-A.F.L.- socialist com to cure this evil, now facing millions of workers in this country. Not a REMEDY—but a program of STRUGGLE! FIVE CENTS Help toSpread It Among Your Shop Mates Order from : WORKERS LIBRARY PUBLISHERS 39 East 125th Street New York City SPECIAL DISCOUNTS ON ORDERS IN QUANTITY LOTS OUT OF A By EARL BROWDE es »