The Daily Worker Newspaper, November 8, 1929, Page 5

1 | aes “ DAILY WORKER, NISW YORK, FRIDAY, NOVEMBEK 8, 1929 IRON AND STEEL A Southern Industrial Center MILL 80S LAUDS Boss’ Rationalized Robbery PROFITS SOARAS "JOB LINES GROW Plants Work 3, 4 Days, | Lay-offs Weekly PITTSBURGH, Pa.—The results of capitalist rationalization are clearly apparent in the iron and| steel industry. While the lines in| front of the employment offices of the big companies grow ailyd if not hoourly those same companies re- port earnings for the first nine months, 1929, on an average of double those made in the corre- sponding period last year. Work- ers in, plant after plant report that they go to the mills in the morning never knowing whether they will work or be sent home. Plant after plant reports schedules of three, four or five days a week for most of the workers (although generally they must appear ready for work every day) and from several of the most prosperous mills we hear that the workers get involuntary ‘“va- cations”—without pay—every other week. While the profits spurt ahead to new records the Department of Labor’s Bureau of Labor Statistics notes with an air of apparent sur- prise what any worker in any one of the mills could have told him— that these record profits have and ire taking a new toll in workers’ lives and limbs. The October issue | of the Monthly Labor Review, giv- ing at length the accident experi- ence of the industry over a period of years, finds t!at from 19' until 1927 there was a gradual fall in the number and severity of the ac- cidents i: the industry but records that in the year 1927-28 (the latest figures they © ve analyzed) there was a perceptible jump upwards both in number and severity In 1928 thore were killed 229, and 993 were permanently disabled; the number of those suffering tempo- rary disability (which includes those who must s,2nd months and even years recuperating—if they ever can recuperate) mounted to the terrific total of 23,434. Many Unrecorded. Of course, to these figures must be added the thousands of those who sustained major injuries that were never reported to the Bureau, 2s well as the many who died of occuptional diseases (such as lead poisoning, heat cramps, ete.) which the companies do not recognize as part of the toll, and for which com- pensation is paid in only a few of the states. In. 1927, roughly, the United ~ States entered the third period, Ra-"| tionalization with its attendant speed-up, lengthening of hours, cut- ting of pay, permanent laying off of workers, etc., was introduced on a wider and more intensified scale than ever before. So we find the soaring profits. So we have, in the basic’ war industry, this increased toll of hu aan lives. Senators Wag Moral Finger at Bingham, Who Hired Lobbyist WASHINGTON, Nov. 7.—Hiram Bingham, Connecticut senator who employed a lobbyist as his tariff secretary, was solemnly censured today by his fellow-senators who are more careful in covering up their own “indiscretions.” At the same time the lobby inves- tigating committee was preparing to go into the charge that democratic Senator William King, of Utah, has employed in his office a representa- tive of the German chemical and dye industry. King, of course, in- dignantly denied the charge today. Nothing much will happen to King if the charges are formally proved. He is expected to face the same resolution passed on the other lobbyist—that the action is “con- trary to good morals and senatorial ethics and tends to bring the senate into dishonor and disrepute.” HILFERDING AIDS CAPITALISTS (Wireless by Inprecorr.) BERLIN, Nov. 7.—In the Reich- stag budget committee, the socialist4 finance minister, Hilferding, pre- sented vague plans on finance re- form, but asserted that workers gain a benefit by the lowering of proper- ty taxe: imi aiming that thereby capi- talist production is increased. He said that the financial betterment resulting from the Young Plan must be devoted to reduction of the property taxation. The Communist traction moved that Hilferding must state his plans fully, but the com- mittee rejected the motion. Of zourse he could not prove that the workers benefit just because the sapitalists do—the facts are to the contrary. Build Up the United Front of the Working Class From the Bot- tom Up—at the Enterprises! GLENSIDE UPHOLSTERY All Repairs Done at Reasonable Prices ROBERTS BLOCK, No. 1 Glenside, Pa. Telephone Ogontz 3165' CHICAGO ‘Tel. Humboldt 2864 Russian Workers Cooperative Restaurant 1G2R W. DIVISION ST., CHICAGO Orgnnized not f Sronete ‘the coopera _ live atveman M4 — S$ cessions given these workers over cotton work By HUGO OEHLER. The agricultural South is fast passing a stage of industrialization with water power and northern capital leading the way. This develop- ment is shaking the sluggish post-feudal conditions of the South, This boom of industry has, brought with it clashes of capital and labor due t othe intense rationalization of the industry and the radicalization of the power. The Piedmont section extending from Virginia to Georgia, in the Carolinas east of the old mountain range has become an industrial section of the South and a textile center of the country. GROWTH OF INDUSTRY. In the Piedmont section. there are over 7,000 manufacturing enter- prises with production valued at $1,423,794,000. In this area there are over 35,000 distributing and mercantile establishments as feeders to the mills and factories and the population in the surrounding area. The Duke interests located early in this section and now the mono- poly of the water power by the trust has been completed, The Mellon interest has great holdings here. The Aluminum Company of America has planned a $125,000,000 plant in western North Carolina and eastern Tennessee. Eight dams are to be constructed in North Carolina and one in Tennessee. The hydro-electric plants are increasing in number in this section and one of the largest and latest steps is the formation of the $10,000,000 Nantahala Power and Light Company, The power trust is the dominant political factor in this part of the South. The use of hydro-electric current has transformed this part of the South into an industrial section with large profits from lo wpaid work- ers. The fifeniture industry of North Carolina in 1927 had an output of over $50,000,000. The supply of lumber from the forest in this sec- tion is plentiful, water power is cheap ,labor power is cheap and all this lays the basis for enormous profits, North Carolina ranks fifth in the production of furniture. AGRICULTURE. . Charlotte, North Carolina, is the cotton center of the South. Over two million bales of cotton are distributed through this city each year. Twenty-six firms ,including three of the largest in America, are located here who deal in cotton. This center is where the big boys buy the cotton from the small town cotton buyers. The small town buyers first rob the croppers, the majority of whom are Negro farmers. The cotton crop of the farmers in the Piedmont section is over $151,000,000 annu- ally. Of this sum the producer received only a sum, large enough to allow him to exist until the next crop, Tobacco is the second largest crop, the yearly production being over $136,000,000, Winston Salem is one of the main centers and is where one of the largest tobacco manufacturing goncerns in the world is located, the makers of Camel cigarettes, ete. The tobacco workers and farmers are one of the most exploited sections of the southern laboring class. In the factories the majority are Negro workers and the croppers are fleeced as the cotton croppers are. The tobacco trusts and rich farmers reap enormous profits. The forest products ,furniture, wood pulp for rayon, etc., factories for barrels, baskets, boxes, crates, etc., use the production from the nearby, forests, There are over 26,000,000 acres of forest lands with ene and one and a half billion board feet of lumber produced annually. The largest hardwood reserve east of the rockies is located here. The constant use of new machinery and the hydro-electric current with abundant ra wmaterial and cheap labor power has transformed the Piedmont into a new industrial section of the South. POPULATION. Over seventy-five per cent of the two million in the Piedmont are still engaged in agriculture. This reserve is one of the main talking points of the rising capitalist group. They see an unlimited source of cheap labor power for their new factories and mills, These farmers and hill people are usually brought into company towns of the mill barons and are promised all the wonders of modern civilization. The hill peop- ple come to these mill centers with the same illusions the early Euro- peans had when they were brought to this country by the land com- panies with offices in the main cities of northern Europe. The early settlers who came here on tht promise of the land companies found white slavery and the worst of conditions for themselves and their families. The hill people and the farmers who are brought to the mill centers find low wages, long hours, pellagra, starvation, dirty company houses and a new slavery—wage-slavery, under company town domin- ation. The overseers at the mills differ little from the overseers of the past. The majority of the urban population live in twenty-six cities. | The Negroes constitute about 45 per cent of the population in the Pied- mont. However, the statistics and tabulation on the Negro population is not kept as carefully as that for the white people. Over 95 per cent of the population are American born. The majority of these two million people are workers and poro farmers, the most exploited section of the | American working class. The capitalists and their henchmen are mainly the result of the new industrialism that has replaced the rich landlord as the dominant factor, The mill barons, lumber kings, power trust, tobacco kings, etc., have replaced the landowners in political supremacy. The petty-bourgeoisie are divided on the issue of labor and capital and the class struggle. All those who have been hard hit, who are smashed by the company store and the chain store are in sympathy with the struggle of the workers. The chain store has made big inroads in this section. This follow-up of the industrial, with wholesale and retail chain distributions, is another thing that cements the Piedmont to the Wall Street hegemony, The liberal element is weak and timid and few in number. The great oppression and intolerance on the religious and racial issues has caused a great number of liberal thinking people to keep their thoughts to themselves. The American Mercury is considered a revolutionary magazine in this part and those who believe in evolution are “revolu- tionists” of the worst kind. TEXTILES. The Piedmont section has 80 per cent of the South's total spindles and looms, The mills in this section consume over 18,000,000 pounds rayon. Over 52 new mills have been built in North Carolina in the last year. In the past only coarse cotton was the main production, but teday there are greater numbers of mills for fine cotton production, finishing plants, bleachers, silk and knitting mills. One hundred seventeen of the 672 hosiery mills of the country are located in North Carolina. 12 in Virginia. Gaston County, N. C., is the cotton spinning center of the South. This county has over 114 spinning mills. Of the 300,000 textile workers in the South 230,000 are in the cotton section, 40,000 in the knitting and the rest in the rayon section. Houses and wages are the lowest. Then ten-hour-day is considered a reform while most of the section’s work ten to thirteen. The rage wage per year is $600. Typical pay envelopes at Manville-Jencks Loray Mill are as follows: July, 1929, 144 days. September, 3 days September, 3 days sesee 6,60 Unemployment throughout the South due to reationalization is on an increase in spite of the new mills that are being opened up. Work- ers who were running three looms are now running four to six and many cotton spinning mills have the speed up to six to eight and now ten totwelve. The secretary.of the Southern Textile Association in the Asheville Convention of July 5th informed the members that the work- ers were producing 200 per cent increase in the last few years, At Loray they formerly paid about $30 running for six to eight looms and now they pay less than $20 for running from ten to twelve looms, The mills run twenty-four hours a day, working men, women and children, whole families in shifts. The mill usually stands in the mid- dle of the mill town with all the power feudal lords exercised over their serfs. Chain-gang hours, low wages and intense speed up with pellogra and starvation is the lot of the majority of the 800,000 textile workers of the South. The number of children in the’ mills are on an increase and women or girls constitute about half of the labor power. These two sections are doubly exploited and the Negro workers are at a still lower level of exploitation. What can be said about conditions of the textile work- ers can be said about workers of the other industries throughout this section and the South and when speaking of the conditions of the Negro worker we must multiply what is said about the conditions of the other workers, RAYON _, Since the last world war, rayon has become a gigantic industry with most of the big pias located in Virginia and Tennessee. Do- mestic production of 16,000,000 pounds in, 1921 jumped to 90,000,00 in 1928, Over 25,000,000 pounds are used in the southern mills for mixed goods, etc. Most rayon is now made from cotton linter or wood pulp and both these products are handy. Cellulose is the base of rayon and is also used for the production of war explosives, gun cotton, etc, , These rayon ‘plants can be turned into first class war factories from rayon mills in a few hours. The rayon plans like the other textile mills have the worst condi- tions for the workers, Prison conditions make up for what other con- The company town see $1.70 + 8.30 \ ‘ iy 51 in Tennessee; 9 in South Carolina and SLAVERY SCHEME FOR THE WORKERS |To Make Mills Safe for Scab Wages (Continued jrom Page One) | mill depression made “labor rela- | tions” the outstanding subject at the convention, whose delegates repre- bi sromi sent mainly New England and Penn-|t0 1925 there was a gain in the apiviala tubiiectesart. |working class of Great Britain of A conerete illustration of union-| Ve" one million, in the same period curbing was presented by ‘Treas, Germany showed an increase of five Lawrerice Richmond of the Cromp- | Nom ae bate Silas a ton Co. of Crompton, R. I, owners | \) " of an “industrial democracy” scheme | tater of 10 ad Bsee Italy's ae which, he claims, has kept the union| ‘@t@riat jumped from one iit * out of Crompton and has prevented quarter millions bios ape to four strikes since its installation in 1925,| Millions in 1021, a gain of 180 per “Industrial democracy,” as con. ene prenee eUGs spel a ceived by John Leitch and installed Gen pani st cs Daipadteeas tua jat the Riverside & Dan River cot-| nh a ton mills at Danville, Va., was taken| The USA census bureau shows aaah tal tan! Citineton: that from 1920 to 1925 there was This plan gives the workers a/2 decrease in agriculture of 800,000; House of Representatives, meeting |? manufacture of 917,000 and in monthly under the eye of the mill|T#ilroad of 286,000 workers em- superintendent, The bossmen are|Ployed. In spite of this reduction organized in a Senate, with the su- i” the number of workers, agricul- perintendent and executives in the| ‘uve and manufacture showed a de- cabinet. The cabinet, of course, has cided increase in production. While veto power, but Richmond cheer- the steady increase in the number fully explained that t had never had| to exercise this power over actions | of the combined House and Senate, the one supervised by the superin- tendent and the other composed of | bossmen themselves. The bossmen must approve of the House’s action before it goes to the, cabinet. Workers’ rewards under “indus- trial democracy,” Richmond was can- did enough to admit, equal exactly seven per cent of their wages. And| aaa i heir wages are determined by the| However, under capitalism, it be- scale paid in nefghboring mills,;Comes a fundamental, unsolvable mostly non-union. jcontradiction hen this rapid “Employe rating” is the same for| growth in the world’s proletariat is By JACK JOHNSTONE, National Organizer of the TUUL. pee accentuation of capitalist con- |4 tradictions, increasing imperial- is s antagonisms, du ‘a n, expresses its fundamental contradiction in the rapid increase of the world’s prole- |tariat, with a productive capacity capable of more than filling all the requirements of the world’s market, with less instead of more workers employed. For example, from 1907 ist ural” development of the capitalist system of exploitation, and in the period of capitalist growth is a source of strength to the capitalist system, it is, however, a source of strength only when capitalism is able to develop new industries, ex- tend agriculture, develop new mar- kets to the point. where it can ab- sorb the workers displaced by ma- chines. | plan to keep workers from acting to- production technic that requires less gether and developing solidarity. instead of more workers, when Each worker is listed individually on|¢apitalism is no longer able to de- the department charts, with his pro- velop sufficient new industries that duction, efficiency and demerits. | will absorb the proletarianized Those at the bottom of the list are| farmer and the workers thrown out fired. explained suavely, “who practically | production. This is _ still further become our yartners in business, accentuated by a shrinking rather cannot afford to stand for ineffi- than an expanding world market, ciency and slovenliness any more! _ Mar ets Shrink. than we can, Our interests are iden-| A shrinking world market in the tical.” |sense that the Soviet Union is no longer a sphere of exploitation, that the buying capacity of the world’s The sravhinw cians cannot almypls if tay ay-made state | ; eae mac! for its own Workers and agrarian population in purp: ymune (Paris itali: i i Somer ett ja bet the capitalist and colonial countries vower.—Marx, is decreasing, that the development PAE SECT TSE ZU eters oem tend a OEE and prison conditions and the increased speed up is unbearable. The Enka Plant of Asheville, the Viscose plants of Virginia and the Glan- stoff Bemberg Company of Tennessee are all part of the international war industry trusts. The textile center in the cotton industry has shifted South and the rayon industry in the South is already able to stand on its own feet. With this change also has come a change in the labor power. The docile American labor has awakened and has stormed the heights de- manding more wages, less hours and the abolition of the stretch out. The battle has just commenced and promises to be the beginning of a long struggle in the class war that will rock the foundation of American capitalism because here the cross currents of American economic political and social life can reach a boiling point in the very near future, - POLITICAL PARTIES The political party of the bosses and landlords of this section have | always been the democratic party. For years Senator Simmons has | won on this ticket with his same speech against the negroes. But in | these same years he has voted for the Republican line-up in the Senate. In 928, Hoover carried the state. This is the first time the Democrats lost since the Civil War but it will not be the last, because the pene- tration of northern capital and development has brought wtih it the party of financial capital and the gold-dust twins will have to battle here as they do in sections of the North. Both are to be lily white parties and both will serve the capitalist well. The workers and poor farmers are ready for a.class party of the workers against the capitalist and will follow the lead of the revolutionary party in Amer- | | ica, the Communist Party. A LABOR UNIOL A The A. F. L. has been a brake to the organization of these un- organized workers for years throughout the whole South. No matter | how much noise they make now about organization and no matter what the masters tell them to do stop the organization of industrial unions they will not be able to organize the masses of unorganized, unskilled and semi-skilled white and black workers of the basic indus- tries of the South. The attivity of the A. F. L. with these workers has shown the masses what kind of an organization the A. F. L. is, and the United Textile Workers has betrayed the textile workers in the South con- stantly since 1921. The Trade Union Unity League must organize these workers. The National Textile Workers Union is already ieading the way and the Charlotte Conference of October 12 and 13 and the T, U. U. L. confer ence for the South the same day proved that the southern workers had already taken a position on the A. F. L. and the T. U. U. L. and that a substantial section, militant and ready to fight and organize, has fol- lowed the lead of the revolutionary party of the working cl: that will win the majority of the white and black workers who will set up a workers’ and farmers’ government where now the bosses rule with Bo iron hand over the lives of the white and black slaves of the United tates. ey sed dead” ~ PHILADELPHIA Come to Celebrate the Twelfth Anniversary, of the P Workers Socialist Soviet Republic TONIGHT, AT 8 O'CLOCK: © Mercantile Hall, Broad and Master Sts. ™ Program: Russian Chorus—Pioneer Tableau—Sport Drill Speakers: ~ Richard B. Moore Rudolph Shohan Jack Stachel H. Benjamin of the world’s proletariat is a “nat- | the refined technique of the Leitch accompanied by the development of | “Our employes,” Richmond|°f employment by rationalized mass | Clashes with USSR Advance yof capitalist production in some of | {the colonial countries, _ limited though they are by subjection to imperialist economy, has reached the stage, in some industries, where | they not only can supply their home | market, but are seeking an outlet for their surplus production, Even the tremendous development of ra- |tionalized mass production in all the capitalist countries constitutes in itself a shrinkage of the world market, The devel. -nent of the automo- bile industry, radio, moving pic- | ture, telegraphy and telephone, light and power, electrical supply, the ex- |tension of chain stores, etc., etc., \has only been able to absorb a part of the workers thrown out of those industries that show an increase in | production with a decrease in the |number of orkers employed, leav- ing an army of permanent unem- |ployed workers estimated at be- | tween three and a half to five mil- lion. Now we see these newer in- dustries su.h as automobile, tele- graph and telephone, but especially |automobile—the height of mechan’ cal efficiency—where th-. are r ducing the number of workers re- quired, while showing a decided in- crease in production, In Agriculture. In agriculture, rationalization and mass production, although it is still in its infancy, has produced a crisis. In pre-war capitalism, the expansion of agriculture absorbed millions of industrial workers: dis- placed by machinery. Today this capitalist safety-valve no longer ex- jists. In every branch of agriculture | machinery is taking the place of |man-power. Intensive as well as |big scale farming, requiring enor- mous capital to operate, is eliminat- ing the small poor farmer. Mil- lions of poor farmers and farm hands are being pushed into the rank of the proletariat. The har- vest hand has disappeared. For ex- |ample, the secretary of the Agri- cultural Bureau in Kansas writes: | “Since the introduction of the ‘com-' bines’ Kansas has had no difficulty ‘as regards the shortage of labor. In 1914, between 50,000 and 60,000 workers -had to be brought in to |collect the harvest, whereas at the present time the labor demand is altogether negligible.” As in the North so in the South. Too many workers in industry, too many farmers and farm hands in agriculture, constituting a1 ever | | phenomena, de ‘eloped to its present production, which accentuates all the contradictions of capitalism, creates new ones, and increases im- perialist rivalries in the striggle for new markets, leading on the one hand directly to new wars; wars between imperialist nations, espe- cially between the two chief antag- onists, USA and Great Britain, or a war of imperialist aggression |against the Soviet Union; and on the other, to mass class struggles tation. Rationalized Robbery. capitalist sys’ 1. It brings plan- less capitalist ec-nomy into a state f utter chaos. 1‘ piles up goods in a market that cannot absorb them. It decapitates the farming growing crmy of permanently un- | employed workers, This is a world | eight-hour basis, then introducing |] Friendly Service, Popular Prices, degree by rationalization and mass | jagainst the intensification and in- | troduction of new forms of exploi- | This new and highly developed | form of capitalist production is one | of the chief grave-diggers of the | | population, it simplifi machinery, | drawing into industry millions 0: youth an women, it annihilates dis tance, blinging industry close to the osurce of raw mat 1 and chea labor—the industrialization of the South is prole i-’ g large sec- |tions of Negroes—swelling the | jranks of the proletariat at a time when an inerease in the number of seeks a solution by intensifying ex- | ploitation, thus increasing class al tagonisms, developing the class w »|revolutionary union seven-hour da in five, ete., e onstrat sion, paints class charact which the them m struggle. one day’s rest this practical dem- deep impres- ture of the The co and cr \the working class inténsifi all | production ca capitalist contradictions, capitalism Thi n being On the one hand it turns the,the comp hrow of capital- world into an imperialist armed | ism ablishment of a |camp seeking a solution for this un- | wor! However, many solvable problem in imperialist concessions can be wrung from | wars, annd on the other hand, it | cap n in interest of the wor s a tremendous task that will test the ability of the new and the Com- that has reached a_ revolutionary |munist Party to organize the work- |stage in the colonial countries and|ers and lead them in struggle, is developing mass class struggles jin all capitalist countries. In the search for new markets land spheres of influence the impe- jrialist world turns menacingly |towards the Soviet Unjon. The suc- jeess of the Five-Year Plan has ; dashed to the ground the hopes of |an internal breakdown of the Soviet | Union so ardently desired by both | |the imperialists and their social {democratic agents,—so they are |preparing a war of aggression to |destroy the First Workers Republic in an attempt to turn the pages of history back, and again tie the Rus- sian workers and pe: nts to the yoke of imperialism, Planned Socialist economy devel- joping rationalized mass production, lintensive and big scale mechanized | |farming, means a higher standard jot living for both workers and peas- |ants. Rationalization under plan- less capitalist economy, based upon the. exploitation of the working | class, means greater wealth and | leisure for the capitalist, greater poverty, increased exploitation and | | greater misery for the workers. The introduction of the seven- hour day and one day’s rest in five | | with an increase in the standard of | living, is the results of rationaliza- |tion in a workers’ republic. The 8, 10, 12 and 16 hour day, terrific | speed-up, wage cuts, unemployment, is the results of rationalization in| the capitalist states, | Influence of Soviet Union. The tremendous influence that the Soviet Union has over ever- growing numbers of the world’s | jworkers naturally intensifies the | hatred of the imperialist nation — towards her. The mass of workers | do not yet theorize very deeply over | the question of socialist and capi- | talist economy, but they see a coun- try run oy the workers make such | | sweeping changes; such as placing | industry and agriculture upon an! the five-day week, advancing to a: PRIA | Patronize the Daily Worker dvertixers! Boy all your supplies for pienica and other affairs at SLUTZKY’S Delicatessen Store SOURTH AND PORTER STREETS PHILADELPHIA The work we make 1s good. 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