The Daily Worker Newspaper, November 2, 1929, Page 6

rage Six “DAILY WORKER, NEW YORK, SATURDAY, NOVEMBER 2, 1929 Collective Farming in the USSR By A. Gaister In gcing over to collective pro- duction the small peasant farm changes its nature in two ways: (a) the transition from small-scale to large-scale production, and (b) from petty proprietory to collective own- ership and cultivation. This break with the customary basis and meth- ods of production of the smal! pro- ducer does not take place under pressure of the inexorable laws | whereby capitalism eats up the small farm, but under the pressure of the “economic way” (Mar: ie., the more advanced and progres sive methods of farming as demon- strated by the proletariat. What have we to show that these collective farms are an advanced and progressive form of agriculture as compared with present farm- ing? In the first place it should be no- ticed that the large majority of the collective farms have an elaborate agricultural inventory for farming on a larger scale. A large number of collective ms own tractors, al- though the ber is still consid- erably below the demand. The majority of collective farms are using assorted seeds, the use of the latter in the R. S.R. being as follows: In communes 89.7 per cent., artels 77.6 per cent, and in societies 66.8 per cent. In the Ukraine, as- sorted seeds are utilized by all the communes, 88.9 rer cent. of the ar- tels, and 24.9 per cent. of the socie- ties. The collective farms have. also abandoned the three-field system— the bane of agriculture in Russia. The multi-field system of crop ro- tation is now prevalent in the ma- | jority of collective farms (86.3 per cent, of the communes, 48.1 per cent. } of the artels, and 41.7 per cent. of the societies). The delay in the survey and dis- tribution of the land has held up the application of the multi-field system on many of the collective farms. The steps taken, however, by the People’s Commissariat for Agriculture, for the rapid allocation of the collective farm lands will also increase the percentage of farms having multi- field crop rotation. Taking advantage of the pre-emi- rence of large-scale farming, the collective farms are increasing the more marketable cultures among their various crops, For example, in the eastern district seed grasses occupy only 4 per cent. in the lower groups of the peasant farms, and 17 per cent. in the higher groups of peasent farms. Even in the most simle form of collective farming, the societies, grasses occupy 2 igger place than in the higher group of peasant Zarms. In the lat- ter, grasses occupy 20 “per cent., while in the communes they consti- tute as much as 28 per cent. of the area sown. In the Central black- soil district, sunflower seed com- prises 5.5 per cent, of the area sown in peasant farms and 10 per cent. in collective farms; sugar beet 0.6 per cent. on individual farms, and 1.5 per cent. on collective farms. We find the same co-relation in other districts of the Soviet Union. The better supply of equipment and superior organization of farming bring better harvests in the collect- ive farms; in the Central black-soil region the yield of winter wheat was 9 centerns per hectare from the peasant farms and 12 from the col- lective farms. In the Ukraine, the corresponding ratios were 10 and 13, and in the Northern Caucasus. 5 and 6 respectively. Progress in Every Way From this cursory survey of the productive successes of collective successes of collective farms, we have ample grounds for concluding that the poor and middle-peasant enterprises which go to make up the collective farms, in uniting into this Jatter form, create a type of farm- ing which, by its technical level and its productivity excels not only the individual poor-and middle-peasant farms, but even the most advanced peasant undertakings. “During the present year, in addition to a fur- ther increase in the number of. col- lective farms, there has been a con- siderable movement towards their general strngthening. The great growth af collective farming during the past year, was to a considerable extent due to the formation, of small collective farms which even caused a diminution of the average acreage of collective farms. In the current year, however, there has been an in- tensive spreading of the system of uniting groups of collective farms out of which “giant” farms have sprung up. Entire districts ( Elansk, in the Urals, Volovsk, in the Tula region, the Digorsky Kombinat in the Caucasus, etc.), are experiment- ing in the construction of these “giant” collective farms, erected on the basis of out-and-out collectiv- ism. These movements towards large-scale collective farm construc- tion are decisive, for only under this condition will the callective farms be able to progress further forward, both in respect to the pro- ductivity of their labor and the cul- tural and social services of their members. Only eBginning The reconstruction. of agriculture in the U.S.S.R. is still only in the first stages of 1 gigantic process which is to bridge the gulf between industry and agriculture and lead to the liquidation of classes in the U.S.S.R. It is quite natural that in attaching such tremendous impor- tance to collective farms and Soviet estates in this reconstruction of the Soviet countryside, the party and Soviet Government are making great efforsi. for the extension and stren- ] gthening of these farms to the maxi- | of the middle peasants is that when mum degree. It should be observed, | they join the collective farms they however, that up to now the collec- lose all their inventory and every- tive sector still occupies but a small in the teotal production of agriculture. In 1929, the col- lective farms contributed 4 per cent. of the area sown, 4.5 per cent. of roductien and 6 per cent. le production. The n of econom: construc- R. includes the ing to a large de- portance of the collective gree the farms in relation to the five y the portion of basic capital cwned by the collective farms will increase to 15.9 per cent., market- able production will reach .16.7 per cent., while the total of peasant rms combined will increase from 000 to.5,000,000. This growth of tne collective farms along with the growing Sov- iet estates, added importance to the role of socialized agriculture in leading and guiding the transfor- mation of the remaining peasant ses. In overcoming the difficul- confronting collective farm con- struction, the poor-and middel-peas- ants, under the guidance of the pro- letariat, will widely extend the new n of Socialist transformation of |the backward countr; | cult 20! The October Revolution radically changed the nature of social rela- tions in the countryside, It com- pletely abolished the landowners’ estates, and led to the redistribution | of part of the lands of the wealthy | peasants which were taken over by the village poor. At the same time there took place a redistribution of the means of production belonging to the capitalist elements, these be- ing utilized by the middle and poor peasents. The results of the agrar- ien revolution was that the role of | the wealthy peasantry was greatly | weakened, while sections of the poor | peasants went over to the middle peasant group. The middle peasant | became stronger as the “central” figure in agriculture. Plan Checks Old Evil | Thé new economic policy, however, thing else goes to the State, while¥ destitution awaits the peasants. Finally, those peasants who are active social workers are absolutely terrorized. They are thréatened with murder or incendiarism—tre- | quently carried out—and often cor- rupted by drink or money. In view of this intensified struggle in the Soviet countr cress s © it is of the utmost importance to | | farms in relation to the total agri- | develop the initiative and activity | of the poor-peasant sections and strengthen their connections with the middle peasants. The most im- portant object of Soviet rural pol- icy is to) isolate the rich peasantry, paralyze their influence over the middle peasantry and to draw the latter into the work of constructon. By takng the poor peasantry as a firm basis, by in- creasing their class-consciousn their social and economic activ: and maintaining the closest contact with the middle-peasant masses, the | Communist Party has brought into | being a tremendous social move-! ment in the country—a cultural and economic advancement among the) peasantry that has found its expres- | sion in the construction of collec- | tive farms. The day-to-day work| of the collective farms is discl ing such persistence in the over- coming of difficulties and such so- cial initiative on the part of the collective farm population as to show already that they are begin- | ning to outlive the centuries-old narrowness and torpor of the peas- ant. The building of schools, clubs and hospitals,- ihe sending of the children to Workers’ Faculties and Universities, the collection of funds for these purposes, organized lead- | ership in the respective fields of | work—all these things are bring- ing about tremendous changes in the psychology of the peasantry. The collective farms are a cultural | and social centre. The club, the vil- lage reading-room, the agronomical | consulting station, the schools, the lying-in hospitals—all take | place of the “traktir” (inn) and the | we é bringing as it did commodity and|2hecn where the Kulak and the |Delleville district convention expell- | ide, | Socialist | |in winter when they need coal. jncney Snes ae market relations | priest once reigned. The economic | and the possibilities of accumula-| services rendered to the non-col- Hung by World Imperialism These korkers were hung by the counter-revolutionary “white guards” of Denikin, who was supplied by the imperialists, including America, in invading the Soviet Union. Before the Red Army drove th oundrels into the sca they had murdered thousands, of whom th ms at Voronesh, only a night's train wide from Moscow, were but a part. | because it had not the power under union rleus, but ordered him to cease activity in the district until charges MINERS WILL against him were decided by the DEFEND SELVES national executive committee. faa | Benld Miners Move. pases.) | The Benld local of the N. M. U. pause 5 |has sent a communication to the Illinois Diggers To Staunton local, where alone Watt € . has any following among the min- Organize ers. These letters from the Benld rae local idarity i - (Continued from Page One) | gi a See neuen eniitie, | arid miners from Benld declare they must be ready by then.” j will back them up perconally before Watt Still Splitting. |the Staunton membership, While this militant meeting was| Watt is trying to establish a split- going on Watt, the N. M. U. -rene- | ters’ district headquarters in Staun- gade president, called together a ton. The local there mee ts tonight, small hand-picked group a few miles | an dthe rank and file miners declare away, and announced to the press | they will convince Watt the days of that it was a “sub-district confer-|Lewis ‘bureaucratic methods are jence.” His purpose was to split the |over and that every. official must We! the [Union and confuse miners. He false-| obey the po licies laid down by the ly asserted to the meeting that the |rank and file. | The miners are enthusiastically | approving in all their local meetings When a large number of the rank that poitn in the Belleville conven- ed him without a trial. | tion arising therefrom, opened out |jectiyized population by the bigger | aNd file miners broke into Watt’s |tion speech of William Z. Foster, | for the wealthy peasantry (Kulaks) | collective farms makes the latter certain opportunities of capitalist | into starting points for the economic develorment. The wealthy peasantry |elevation of the poor and middle y accumulating the means of Pro-/ peasants and for the advance | Vention’s actions. “conference,” Watt told them he was | general secretary of the T. U. U. L., calling a rank and file district con- |for the organization of workers’ de- vention to reverse the Belleville con-|fense corps to defend meetings Under cross ex- | against the attacks of the United duction and hiring it out to the poor | oainst capitalist elements in the | amination by rank and filers, Watt | Mine Workers’ Union and the bosses’ | peasants and by leasing land to poor | .ountryside. (Such services include | admitted, however, he alone wrote | gangsters. fpeasants not having equipment, or stations for the hire of machinery, | by hiring their labor-power, endea- | seod-sorting and breeding stations, Badge! to make the lower. sections of | while the superior cultivation of the | the countryside dependent on them. | jand and bigger harvests also rep- | The development of collective farms is a decisive blow at the ex- | ploiting aims of the rich peasantry. | |The collective farms are overcom- | |ing the lack of equipment, which | forms the main basis for the devel- | |opment of the rich peasant. The peasantry, by getting its own land, | by jointly utilizing both its own | equipment and that received from State credit, by uniting into collect- | ive farms—is becoming completely liberated from dependency upon the | |Kulaks. Roots that have fed ex-| | ploitation for centuries are being | | stamped out by collective farming. |The Kulak is not allowed to lease | feut land; to hire labor for a mere) |song; to hire out equipment; or to | practice usury. Co-operative credit, | | hiring-stations, tractor columns, to- | | gether with the correct organiza- | tion of large-scale farming on scicn- tific lines—these things are st@adily | undermining the wealthy peasantry. | At the same time by organizing | | into collective farms, the poor and |middle peasantry are helped to struggle against exploitation. The | influence and power of*the Kulak, | which had been strengthened for many decades is now shaking and crumbling. The possibility of get- ting on without the “services” of the Kulak, and of advancing agriculture with their own forces and govern- ment support, is spurring on the lower strata of the countryside, and strengthening their consciousness. The high productivity of the col- lective farms, which yield harvests lexceeding individual farming by 20-30 per cent., is undermining the authority of the rich peasant as a farmer, and demonstrates by facts what tremendous possibilities there are in large-scale collective pro- duction for advancing agriculture in general. Class Struggle on the Land. All this, of course, has aroused great hatred against the collective farms on the part of the Kulaks. The more profound the work of placing agriculture on a collective basis and the more decisive the ad- vance of Socialism in the country- side, so much. the moré stubborn and intense is the resistance of the rich peasantry. Realising that col- lectivism destroys the opportunity of capitalist accumulation, the Ku- laks are using all their influence on the peasant farms depending on them, in order to hinder the or- ganization of collective farms; they are applying the most varied forms of intimidation, employing slander and the spreading of false rumors and even going as far as setting fire to collective farm buildings and murdering the farm directors. Cases are known where the Kulaks have hired beggars with a view to the latter present- ing themselves as disappointed members of collective farms and creating the impression of a pov- erty-stricken standard of living in the collective farms. Rumors are spread concerning the nationaliza- tion ‘women in the collective | guage resent propaganda in fact.) It is quite clear that given such class relations, any wavering in the attack on the rural capitalist ele- ments, any deviation from a clear- cut class line represents a weaken- ing in the position of the working class in the country-side. The decisive repression of the Right deviation is an essential prerequisite for the collectivization of rural economy. A conciliatory attitude towards Right-wing vacillations would act as a brake on the So- cialist transformation of the coun- tryside. A decisive struggle against these errors is therefore necessary for the development of Socialist construction in the US.S.R. Workers School Opens Classes in Russian, Statistical Because of great demand for lan- instruction, the Workers’ School Has to conduct a class in elementary Russian for beginners. The course will be exceptionally valuable because it offers many op- portunities to read in the original Lenin’s works, and those of many Russian writers whose works have not been translated. It will also interest workers who plan to visit the Soviet Union. The course will be given on Tuesdays and Fridays at 7 p. m. by Zachary Bezdominy, and will com~ enuce Nov. 12, the school reports. The school also announces a course in “statistical methods” with Sola De Leon as instructor. This course is designed to train workers for research service. “Statistical Methods” is to begin Nov. 14 at 8.30 p. m. Tuition for the first course will be $8 and for the second $4, Since there is a great demand for both courses, the Workers’ School urges immediate registration at the school offiee, 26-28 Union Square, fifth floor, Build Up the United Front of the Working Class From the Bot- tom Up—at the Enterprises! TRY INDIA’S WAY TO HELP BLADDER Santal Midy capsules—filled with t taloil-sdiscoveredcenturiesagobymntives of India—often give prompt, blessed relie poe raged at @ disinfectant, stim- soothit to mucous membranes oF blad-- xagume®>- der and kidney is Genuine bear ciate of farms, systematic robbery, ete. The argument used in respect rot tote Feen YY siacun, ae ras” Methods, The miners are throw- | in gout forcihly agents of these ene- mies when they appear. rt Foster in “his speech said: ‘Remem*er the battles of Latimer, the call for a select few from Staunton to endorse. His call spoke of itself as the “voice of the rank and file” and asked that the “red |leadership of the N. M. U. bejPana, Virden, Cripple Creek! Will ousted.” you repudiate the militant tradition, The r ank and filers spiritedly re-| and cave in in the'face of difficul- pudiated Watt’s program in Watt’s|ties? Allow the movement to be own meeting, pointing out that the | stifled? When the thugs of the convention didn’t ex-:l Watt simply! Loray mill in Gastonia shot up the EVERY WORKER WANTS TO SEE THE GASTONIA STRIKERS FREE oo Every worker wants to fight the WHITE TERROR of the bosses. Every workers wants to free the CENTRALIA prisoners. Every worker wants to free | SALVATORE ACOORSI THE CHICAGO WORKERS THE LOSS ANGELES WORKERS THE PHILADELPHIA WORKERS THE BETHLEHEM WORKERS Therefore every worker should become a member of the INTERNATIONAL LABOR DEFENSE The I. L. D. needs 50,000 new members by January 15. The I. L. D: needs at least $50,000 by that time when the appeal for the Gastonia strikers comes up. The following letter received by the I. L. D. National Office \§ from Frank Brobot; a coal miner railroaded to the peni- tentiary at Moundsville, W. Va., for his activities in the coal strikes, is typical .of many received from class-war prisoners: INTERNATIONAL LABOR DEFENSE: Dear Comrades: In reply to your letter of October 12 and to thank you too for the check which indeed is a great help and a pleasure to me to receive same. I can only express my utmost hopes so I am wishing that the Fourth National Convention of the I. L. D. to be held in Pittsburgh, December 29, 30, 31 will bring in as many members as mentioned and more because all that the I.L.D. is doing for fellow workers, it should be the greatest or- ganization in the world. I give my hearty assurance to those who wish to enroll that they will never regret it as it is true to its comrades in whatever help it can'render at all times, as it has done, and is doing for comrades herein prison and other similar places. I am expressing my hearty sympathy for my comrades in Gastonia and I wish them all that is best for their free- dom, Wishing you all the luck for the convention, I am, with brotherly love (signed), FRANK BRBOT. Join the International Labor Defense! _ Raise Funds! Raise Protest! © ORGANIZE UNITED FRONTS! Write for more details to the National Office INTERNATIONAL LABOR DEFENSE 80 EAST 11TH STREET, Room 402, NEW YORK CITY is Fretheit Chorus at the Twelfth Anniversary For the first time since its or- ganization, the Freiheit Singing | Society, nationally known prole- |tarian chorus, will sing in Eng- jlish at the Russian Revolution |Celebration this Sunday after- }noon at Madison Square Garden. | The songs chosen are popular revolutionary mmebers, including the “Carmignole” and a new ver- sion of “Solidarity.” _ Aspecial feature of the musical program at the Garden will be | mass singing by theaudience, led |by the Freiheit Singing Society and a specially chosen band of excellent musicians. The words of the songs will be printed and distributed to the workers. Madison’ Square Garden this Sunday must ring with the voices of thousands of workers, raised in celebration’ of the glorious achievements of socialist con- struction in the Union of Social- ist Soviet Republics, and in mili- |tant support of their Party, the |Communist Party of the United States. 4 se strikers’ tent colony there, the strik- ers defended themselves. Was that wrong? For Gastonia Strikers. A great shout, “No!” went up from the convention hall, and the. convention passed a resolution sup- porting the Gastonia defendants, and endorsing the self-defense of the strikers there. Other points of Foster’s speech which are being made the topics of discussion and enthusiastic appre- val are that a bitter struggle is surely coming against the employ- ers, for the six-hour day, the five- day week, raise in pay and the right of the miners to have their own or- ganization. The miners, he said, must broaden their base, and make preparations. The National Miners’ Union must not call strikes in April, as the U. M. W. does. Economic power registers best in the winter, whe nthe demand for coal is great- est. The miners must consolidate their forces. Illinois miners must raise enough finances to send a hun- dred o~~-~*:'zers into Kentucky. “The movement will spread like wildfire there,” said Foster. “You cannot monkey with the ‘situation. Now is the opportune time to take the situation in hand. The miners are looking to the National Miners’ Union for leadership.” The Five Year Plan of Soviet Industry is a Weapon of the In- ternational ingelass. Cele- brate the 12th Anniversary at Madi- son Square Garde! 2 Build Up the United Front of the Working Class From the Bot- tom Up—at the Enterprises! NEAR EAST ASTIR East to Shake (Wireless By Inprecorr.) CONSTANTINOPLE, Oct. 31.— At the Egyptian town of Zagazig, nationalist independence demonstra- tors attacked the former supporters of the British tool, Mahmud Pasha. The police intervened and dispersed the demonstrators. The Alexandria railwaymen, both the workers and the clerical em- ployes, are threatening to strike un- less’ a wage increase and shorter hours are granted. WORKERS PICKET MAGYAR CONSUL \Couple Jailings Abroad With Gaston Terror (Continued from Page One) striker, was murdered by the mill barons of this country, and the ver- dict rendered against the seven militant textile strike leaders in Gastonia. The facts prove that fas- cism is a form of capitalist dictator- ship, an international phenomenon and an international menace for the working class.” The leaflet points out that the so- cialists in Hungary made a _ pact with the Horthy government just a few days before the strike, and agreed to make the country “demo- cratic’—Horthy style. The impend- ing trial of over 80 workers, and the strike itself, shows how democratic it is. pee Signing the leaflet, and partici- pating in the picketing, were the following representatives of organ- izations: Hugo Gellert, president of the Anti-Horthy League; Emery Bal- lint, its secretary; Sandor Veres, Na- tional Committee of the Interna- tional Labor Defense; A. Markoff, secretary of the Anti-Fascist Fed- eration; Louis Kovess, on its na- tional committee; Ida Rothstein, member of the Gastonia Labor Jury. Among the pickets was George Padmore, Negro:worker. The police were present, but did not attack the demonstration. Ida eget Vancouver Workers Protest. VANCOUVER, Canada, Nov. L— Rise of Colonial Oppressed in Near and Far, WITH HATRED OF BRITISH IMPERIALISM; JEWS ~ JOINED IN PALESTINE STRIKE Egyptian Demonstrations and Striie Meve Threaten British Rule of Nile $i British Empire (Wireless by Inpret iit JERUSALEM, Oct. 31.—' one- | day protest strike, called by the ex- | ecutives of the Arabian organiza- | tions in protest against British im- ' perialism in Palestine, was very successful. The whole country par ticipated, not only the Arabs, but in many places the Jews also struck. There were demonstrations in many towns, accompanying the strike, and the situation in ‘Jerusalem is very tense. | Workers packed the Royal Theatre jhere Sunday and after hearing the facts about the Gastonia case, adopted a strong resolution of pro- test against the bloody terror rag- ing there, through court action and the use of gunmen. The resolution says in part: “This audience is satisfied that the charge of second degree murder in the Gastonia case has no connec- tion with the sentences imposed and tha tthese leaders of the striking mill workers of North Carolina have been railroaded to goal for their activity in organizing the most fiercely eploited section of the American workingclass. “We therefore demand of the Gov- ernor of North Carolina that the sentences be immediately set aside and the victims liberated.” . * * Meetings Continue. SAN FRANCISCO, Cal., Nov. 1. —Active preparations continue for more mass protest meetings against police terror against the Communist Party and all fighting workers. The police attack on the Gastonia pro- test meeting which assembled a crowd of 3,000 at Turk and Market yesterday does not scare the work- ers of San Francisco. It merely convinces them that they have a rotten oppressive government over them. The jury trial of the 22 workers arrested at the meeting, who include Henry Cliksohn, Communist Party candidate for supervisor, and F. Gardos, District Organizer of the Communist Party, is set for Nov. 13. Twenty-six workers arrested in a Gastonia demonstration Sept. 28 are slated for trial Nov. 7. Every Worker at Madison Square Soviet Anniversary Meet Nov. 3 at 27. m — Reception for Soviet Fliers Saturday, November 9 at 6:30 P. M. POLO GROUNDS 155th Street and Eighth Avenue All Koue Fliers Widl Speak Tickets 756, $1.00 amd $4.50 . ao the office of FRIENDS OF THE SOVIET UNION 175 Fifth Avenue, Room 511 “ Don’t postpone buying your tickets—you may be.to late. Half of the available tickets sold out. - Great Parade with Banners : One Hundred Musicians Excellent Program @ e e @ | | tall pre Wo § den Cit tian cel mig fen cha imy