The Daily Worker Newspaper, May 23, 1929, Page 6

Page Six ee wo A ne DAILY WORKER, NEW YORK, THURSDAY, MAY423, 1929 Baily” Central Organ of the Communist Party of the U. S. A. gs Co., In vy Yor! i ‘DAIWORK.” except York only): s $2.50 three months w York): $2.00 three months Worker, 26-28 Union Square, Yr. $4.50 six By Mail $8.00 a year $6.00 a year Address and mail all chi The Struggle Against Fascism. ING of new persecutions invoked against. Umberto Ter- 3 racini, prominent leader of the Italian Communist Party now held in prison by the Mussolini dictatorship, should give added impetus to the plans for strengthening the American Section of the International Anti-Fascist Fed- eration that will take concrete form at the demonstratiqn planned for tomorrow night at the Irving Plaza Hall. Fascism, which first arose in Italy against the revolu- tionary movement of the workers and poor farmers, quickly extended its activities to other countries. It has met with the heroic resistance of revolutionary labor in Italy, Hungary, Poland, Rumania, ain, Portugal, Bulgaria, Yugoslavia, Lithuania and other countries, where it has nevertheless suc- ceeded in placing its iron yoke upén the necks of more than 150,000,000 of people. N Asia the Fascist Kuomintang has visited its bloody scourge upon the Chinese worker and peasant masses, exterminating through outright murder their best revola- tionary champions; in Japan fascist shock troops are being organized under the open protection of the government against the awakening revolutionary labor movement; the imperialist rulers of Indonesia employ Fascist methods of terror in order to combat and destroy the movement for na- tional freedom. In Latin America, with the assistance of Yankee im‘ perialism, the Fascist rule of terror is raging in Chile, Cuba and Venezuela. The danger of fascist upheavals and coups d’etat menaces a great number of countries in which the bourgeois demo- cratic system still prevails, while in a number of qther coun- tri ided by the open treason of the social-democracy, the Fascist movement is making marked progress. In Austria, for instance, Fascism comes to the fore and constitutes a direct menace to the working class. Fascism grows out of the imperialist war, the shatter- ing of the capitalist regime and the general crisis of post- war times, of the bankruptcy of the parliamentary system and of the decay of the system of the bourgeois parties. Fascism, which has, seized power in a number of coun- tries under petty bourgeois reformist slogans, such as “social peace,” “reconciliation of the classes,’ which are urged by American reformism under the banner of the American Fede- ration of Labor, soon proved to be the open and direct dic- tatorship of the upper classes under the guidance of organized finance capital. Fascism increases its strength steadily in various forms in the United States, calling for an ever-growing struggle against it. While the American Federation of Labor, linked with the American Legion, is openly Fascist, the Socialist Party in many ways offers itself as a mask to hide American Fascism’s hideous features. Great importance attaches, therefore, to the gathering tomorrow night that is supported by the Trade Union Educa- tional League, the International Labor Defense, the Workers’ International Relief, the Italian Anti-Fascist Alliance, the Anti-Horthy League, the Lithuanian Anti-Fascist Alliance, the Anti-Imperialist League and the American Civil Liberties Union. The demonstration should be a new starting point for the development of an intensified campaign to strengthen the Anti-Fascist forces in this country on the basis of the pro- gram and resolutions of the International -Anti-Fascist Con- gress recently held in Berlin, Germany. The Mair Business of Hoover’s Commission. HE NEW YORK TIMES has launched its approval of the plan to make dry law. enforcement merely a side issue in the activities of President Hoover’s National Law Enforce- ment Commission. It speaks of “the comprehensive inquiry to be undertaken”, quoting President.Hoover’s own words that the commission is to “cover the entire question of 1@w _— and organization of justice.” It declares blunt- Iv: The first sitting of the commission on Tuesday should help to reveal more clearly its real purposes. These are al- ready unmasked, however, in the drastic measures provided by the proposed tariff legislation against-the importation of any literature that might be charged with lese majeste against Wall Street’s imperialist power. American labor must be aroused to the danger that threatens it in capitalism’s “law enforcement” that seeks to outlaw every effort of the working class to improve its lowly condition in the world’s richest nation. ° Labor must not be on the defen8ive, but must take the offensive against this new attack. a Mellon family, the outstanding member of which is “Andy” Mellon, secretary of the treasury in the Hoover cabinet, is reported to have increased its fortunes by $300% 000,000 as a result of the recent skyrocketing of the stock prices of the Aluminum Company of America and the Gulf Oil Corporation of América. The Mellon family holds 90 per cent of the stock in these corporations, which are con- tinually benefitted by tariff legislation that “Andy” is able to force through congress. These incweasing values are based exclusively on the power of the profit takers to exploit labor. “Andy” Mellon is the leader in Pennsylvania, and the nation, in the effort to crush all organized labor, intensify exploita- tion and thus seek to assure even greater profits. Only in the Soviet Union, as in this week’s discovery of gréat oil deposits near Perm, do the benefits of rich natural resources accrue to the working class. Let America’s workers con- sider these facts. e - MiLITARISN was given another boost with the bombing plane attack on. New.York.Gity when: the harbor de- fenses were supposed to have been “partly destroyed.” This will mean greater appropriations for more immense fortifi- cations, in preparation for the next war. Sincere talk of peace and complete disarmament is heard in the All-Union Soviet Congress now meeting in Moscow, not in the imperial- ist parliament of Wall Street assembled in Washington, r . jorker | |grown out of the masses, 4. It Imperialist Terror in India The terror exercised by British] imperialism in India is described in the following letter sent to all af- filiated and associated organizations of the League Against Imperialism: The International Secretariat of the League Against Imperialism has just received from the president of the All-India Trade Union Congress, | affiliated organization of the League Against Imperialism, an urgent ap- peal to take immediate international action against the reign of terror which the British Government has initiated ‘against the workers and peasants of India and against the mass ‘movement for national inde- pendence, We have received authentic | material with regard to the recent arrests of 31 prominent trade union and polifical leaders from all parts of India who -have been rendering active service to the masses of India in their struggle for national and social emancipation. The majority of those who have been cast into prison are active offi- cials of the militant trade unions or LAW ENFORCEMENT! + ox British Terror Against Workers and Peasants Tremendously Increases as Tide of Revolution Rises cluding labor offices and offices of the Youth Leagues. The arrested leaders were handled brutally. They were taken hand- cuffed on long railway journeys last- ing several days. Try rto Cripple Movement. : ae British despotism in India and to ex- coisa ile \press solidarity with the Indian | masses. jects” alone have that right. They will be absolutely at the mercy of the judicial agents of the British government who will exercise their arbitrary power against the accused. |The most brutal and savage sen- | tences are sure fo be passed and ap- | peals against these sentences can | limperialist terror. | By Fred Ellis | 4 . | cue of the Indian victims of British We call upon them ‘to take the fol- lowing steps without delay: (1) To organize meetings and demonstrations to protest against (2) To collect funds for the de-| fence of the prisoners and to remit | the same as quickly as possible to} Messrs. W. Munzenberg, M. P. and) V. Chattopadhyaya, Secretaries, League Against Imperialism, Fried- richstrasse 24, Berlin S. W. 48, ‘Send Cables. |\CEMEN | the British Government and its labor endence of India. ) Worker and Peasant Leader saite.|” ‘ GH This regime of terror aims at the | only go to the High Court at Allaha- complete destruction of the Workers’ | bad which is notorious in all India as and Peasants’ Parties, at crippling the most vindictive ‘Court of Justice” |the trade union movement and bring-|in the case of so-called political ing it under the complete control of | “offenders.” agents, at crushing the rising Youth Appeal to Organizations. movement and the general mass| The League Against Imperialism movement for the national inde-| has already issued an urgent appeal to all anti-imperialist organizations The trial of the arrested leaders |and to all trade unions to record is to take place at Meerut in their protest against British im- Northern India. leading members of the All-India) choice of this .particular city for|by contributing financial help for Workers’ and Peasants’ Party, one|trial. ,The so-called “conspiracy” | the defence of the arrested and for is an ex-President and Exeutive | for thé overthrow of the imperialist | relief to their families. member of the All-India Trade Union Congress, eight are members of ‘the All-India Congress Commit- tee, and two of them are English | jcomrades who have been rendering signal service to the trade union and political érganization of the Indian masses. Hundreds of house searches have government is admitted to have been| The International Secretariat of widespread and_most of the arrested | the League Against Imperialism, in came from Calcutta, Bombay and/ response to the urgent“appeal re- Lahore while one was from Meerut. | ceived from India, once more calls But the trial will nevertheless take} upon all affiliated, associated and place at Meerut becalse in that city | sympathizing organizations of the the accused will not have the right | League as well as all organizations | of claiming a trial by jury except in| and individuals interested in the the case of the two English com-| emancipation of the colonial peoples, ARTICLE Il. The Character and the Directing Role of the Proletarian State. Before giving a description of the actual organization of industry it is necessary to explain the character and direction role of the proletarian state. It was the proletarian state which tok over all the riches of the coun- | try and which was to organize the economic life on a new basis, Private property was abolished in |land, industry, transport, banking. This means that the proletarian state retained the strategic points, end it was necessary to develop the productive forces to the maximum. Let us now examine the economic structure of the U. S. S. R. and principally the directive organs of | industry. Evidently the Soviets, really are the “proprietors,” managing the riches of the country, At the same time they. are responsible for their utilization and for their develop- ment. In particular it is one of their section, the council of Na- tional’ Economy, which occupies it- self with that. ‘ These sections exist in all branches—rayon, province or region. Besides the question which is go- ing to be our main concern here, it is necessary to mention that the Soviets concentrated in their hands legislative, executive and judicial power, as well as municipal devel- opment, Thus, a Soviet, at the very base of the whole Soviet apparatus, di- rects industry, together with the in- terested trusts, collects taxes, di- rects publle instruction, communal work, ete. It sends its delegates It is necessary to | Perialist terror and to help the cause | | point out the significance of the|of the Indian workers and peasants | | | (3) To send telegrams to the) British Trade Union Congress pro-| testing energetically against the acts | of terror and repression directed by | the British government of India | against the Indian working class and | |to send messages of solidarity and encouragement to the All-India Trade Union Congress (cable ad- | dress: Tradunic Bombay) and to the All-India Workers’ and Peasants’ | Party, 2 European Asylum Lane, Calcutta. To make sure that these | messages reach their destination and | are not suppressed by the British | | government, copies should be for-| | warded to the International Secre- |tariat of the League. We especially call upon all trade union and workers’ organizations in| the imperialist and the colonial countries to give effect to the above | | appeal and thereby demonstrate to | the workers and peasants of India that they do not stand alone and iso- been undertaken by the police in-|rades who as “European British sub-| to lose no time in coming to the res-|lated in their heroic struggle. . (In a previous article the various phases through which the ministrative division as far ds the All-Union Congress of Soviets. This is important for it marks the junity of political direction, admin- listrative, industrial, budget and cul- jtural of the proletarian state, The central organ of direction of industry in a republic is the Su- preme Council of National Econ- omy, of which the presidium js ap- pointed by the Council of People’s Commissars. The Supreme Council directs, in part, the central organizations by industry (trusts, etc.) as well as the regional and district councils of economy, The Council of National Econ- omy, while it is somewhat differen- tiated from the other commissar- iats, can be considered, in reality, as the commissariat of industry. Under this title it is under the control of the Council of People’s Commissars and of the Central Ex- ecutive Committee, the supreme or- ganvof the U. S. S. R. between two All-Union congresses of the Soviets. It is mostly under the control of the Council of Labor and Defense, which is under the C. BE, C. The Supreme Council of National Economy consists of several sec- tions, of which the most important ares (a) Baste supplies; concentra- tion and division among the differ- to the congress of the higher ad- ent ifdustries, i ; \ economic organization of the Soviet Union passed were described, starting from the violent overthrow of the capitalist apparatus, through the organization of workers’ economic councils and factory committees for the construction of socialist forms of economy, to the development of the productive forces of the country.) (b) Financing of different branches, (c) Production. « (d) Price. (e) Distribution of merchandise. Council of National Economy works in three directions: * (a) Basic supplies. $ (b) Direction of industry. (c) Distribution (wholesale) of merchandise. Council of Labor and Defense. If the Supreme Economic Council has mainly the direction of indus- try, the Council of Labor and De- fense has the direction of all the organs of economic life (industry, agriculture, banks, commerce, trans- port). It is this Council which: (a) Ratifies the state plan (pre- pared by the Planning Commission, Gosplan) and executes it, (b) Takes measures for national defense (from an industrial point of view). , 4 (c) Ratifies the statutes of the trusts and societies. (d) Re-divides the national wealth among the different repub- lies and organs of the state. The Planning Commission elab- iesed the plans for economic devel- ) Thus, to sum up, the Supreme} }Abert, here today. How Soviet Economy Functions sion takes up the conflicts between various economic organizations, The State Budget. In order to understand better the industrial structure it is indispen- ‘sable to give some idea of the State |Budget. . The State Budget is unique. Its receipts are of two kinds: (a) Duties and taxes, (b) Income from the exploita- tion of “property” of the proletarian state, consisting of land, forests, banks, transport and industry. The expenses are divided, accord- ing to the budgets presented by the Commissariats and the Republics; for industry in particular by the Su- preme Council of National Economy, according to its economic vlan, The Supreme Council divides, in its turn, the sums allotted by the \state to different industries through the intermediary of the correspond- ing trusts. 7 Firemen Hurt While Fighting L. I. Fire PORT WASHINGTON, L. I., May 22,—Seven firemen were hurt, one seriously, fighting a fire which de- stroyed the new home of Hamilton The fire was started by an explosion said to have |peen caused by gas escaping from the cellar water heater. George Epp suffered severest in- juries. He was burned and cut. QUAKES IN BULGARIA, SOFIA, May 22.—Two earth- quake. shocks alarmed inhabitants in Roustchuk, Northern .Bulgaria, today. No damage was reported. The quakes also were felt in Bucha- | ' i} By FEODOR GLADKOVY, Translated by A. S. Arthur and C. Ashleigh All Rights Reserved—International Publishers, N. Y. Gleb Chumaloy, Red Army Commander, is now back in his town, trying to get the large cement factory working, to haul the wood from over the mountain before the winter sets in, and trying to un- derstand his wife, Dasha, who as an active Communist has changed her views entirely about the old home-life. Gleb is now at the meeting of the Group in the workers’ club “Komintern,” where a discussion is in progress on getting the fac- tory working again and hauling the wood from over the hills, P * * * Wee a great gesture he tore off his tunic and his soiled shirt and flung them on the floor. By the light of the oil-lamp they could see his muscles, from neck to waist, moving flexibly under the skin, emphasized by shadows. “Who'll come and touch them, Here! Come and feel them!” With his fingers he tapped his chest, neck and side. And wherever. he tapped scars showed purple and pallid. “Shall I take down my trousers? Do I have to? Oh, I’m not: ashamed; I am wearing the same sort of decorations lower down. You want other people to go to work instead of yourselves, so that you can sleep in your goat-pens, eh? Good! I’m going there! Choose me for this job!” : No one came near Gleb. He saw about him wet eyes, saw how suddenly they subsided into silence. They looked at his naked body, all knotted and scarred. Dismayed and shocked by his words, they steamed with sweat and were silent, glued to their seats. “Comrades! This is a shame and disgrace. . + . To what extent, Comrades, are our souls decayed?” Gromada was choking, writhing and gesticulating convulsively; the storm of feeling within him could find no words for expression. . * * * A BEARDED workman rose from a bench and struck himself violently on the chest. He was tremendously agitated. “Write my name down! Hurry up! I’m going! I’m no bloody coward! Yes, I’ve got three goats and a pig with a litter. Yes, and I've carried a traders’ sack along the country roads. . . . What can be said? We've been rotting in our holes, lads!” Heavy hands were being raised in silence behind him, And Dasha, gazing at Gleb with dull eyes, raised her hand. “Comrades, is our Group worse than the others? No, Comrades! We have good workers, good Communists!” And she was the first to begin to clap; her teeth glittered in a smile. When all was calm again and things were going easily, Dasha amazed them by introducing a motion that was not on the agenda. “Comrades, the houses of the officials who ran away: they are empty. I propose that we start creches for the children there. This cursed household work. . . . We want free proletarian women.” “Hear, hear! Ah, these women—they peck like hens and crow like cocks! They’re sure handing it to us, brothers!” “No objections? Motion’s carried! Let’s sing the ‘International’.” * * . August Bebel and Motia Saychuk. cE was only a ten minutes’ walk on the slope from the Club to their house, Gleb and Dasha, touching shoulders, swung their clasped hands. « Dark purple distance behind the faetory; the sea and the out- skirts of the town were misty and troubling in their air of desolation: flashes of life alternated with black shadows upon them. A fiery cord was stretched from the lighthpuse to the factory, and then broke into knots. One could see falling starg swoop down far over the sea. And the sky over the broken outline Sf the mountains had the iridescence of a peacock’s train. Z Gleb and Dasha walked on in silence; they wished to speak but could not. Mysterious lights flashed and disappeared among the mountains behind the town and in the summits above the sea, They blazed out, turned round to darkness and then blazed again. Dasha touched Gleb’s hand. “Do you see those fire-signals? Those are the signals of the White-Green forces. There'll be a lot of trouble with them yet. They will give us a lot of work and considerable blood will be shed.” Thus she spoke, but in her words there was another spirit, cer- tainly not that which looked for protectiog and a caress from his mas- culine strength. They were not the words which Gleb wanted. What kind of life had Dasha led without him? ‘What force had given her a distinct personality? This foreg had crushed the former Dasha, and the present Dasha was bigger and finer than the old. And it was this force which lay immovable and impregnable between them. Dasha walked with a firm quick step. Although the path could not be seen, she could see clear in the night like a cat. “Tell me, Dasha. What was this business of yours with Engineer Kleist?” Dasha remained silent, her eyes seeking Gleb’s face through the darkness, ‘ “Don’t you know?” 2. “But what have you told me about your life? A mere acquaintance can know all about it, but of course I’m your husband!” * * . 'LEB could not see Dasha’s smile. “Well then—. I was working with a counter-espionage group— And Motia begged Engineer Kleist. . . . He gave his word and made himself responsible for me. . . . I was mixed up in the affair of the Greens.” : “The Greens! Don’t you know you might have lost your life ir that affair? And you got away safely from their glutches ? Tell me about it.” « “Oh, it’s a long story. I'll tell you all about it when we have more time. We’ve something else to do just now, Gleb. I can’t get into my stride all at once... .” She stepped a pace or two away from him and increased her speed, In these hurried movements Gleb scented her alarm. He re. membered that she had sehaved in a similar way when they were walking to the Children’s Home. ° “Little Dasha, something is worrying you, I can see that. Some. one’s got the better’ of you? It’s not difficult for a fine fellow to put it across you women.” “Gleb, you're really not a blackguard so far as I know. You've just said this out of foolishness; but take care of four tongue another time.” In their unfriendly room, with mildewy smell, she sat down at the table and took some books from a paper parcel. She chose once, move the lamp nearer and rested her head on her hand. That’s nice! What wisdom are you reading now?” Without raising her head from the book she muttered “August Bebel: Woman and Socialism.” “Splendid!—and those other books?” f “They're by Comrade Lenin. Take them if you wish, We Com munists have to pump ourselves full of knowledge.” i Dasha was reafing assiduously. She murmured, gulped, struggle: with difficult words and raced over the easy parts. Then stumbl) again, looked away a ‘moment, thinking and scratching her eyebrows then began reading again. 4 tpt tha oe olin et Ge Rusene o oa é . * yp oEOueH: the open window flew many nocturnal insects, playing weaving living threads around the lamp, burning themselves at the glass chininey and falling to the table where they lay like strewn grain Like the gnats, the stars flew in through the window from the dar] night. The troubled cry of a screech-owl sounded among the mountai: thickets, questioning: “Yes—No? Yes—No?” A dim low light entere also from the window of Savchuk’s dwelling across the way. Gleb got up and walked out bare-headed. The Savchuks were already going to bed. On the table were the re mains of supper. All that was needed was to stack them up, wash then and turn in. Motia, in her chemise, was occupied at the table. Savchuk barefooted, his hair disorderly as usual, sgmed to be carrying his heav; stagnant body with an effort. He opened the door to,Gleb and stoor shuffling near the bed. “And what the devil brought you here at this time of night, yor old villain? During the day you howl like a dog and at night yor ; ” ‘avehuk’s usual irritable ‘and affectionate bark. >