The Daily Worker Newspaper, March 25, 1929, Page 6

DAILY WORKER, NEW YORK ) three months three months Union Square, ss “Waging War Against the King” hast before the rising resistance of the n the lead of the national revolutionary British rule, workers of India struggle, has. unleashed a reign of terror over an industrial area a thousand miles wide., Warrants and searches are everywhere being carried out. Raids and arrests center es- pecially about Bombay, Poone Caleutta, Allahabad, Lucknow and Lahore, against this conspiracy “to deprive the king of harge levelled against Chauduri Dharamvir Singh, member of the United Provinces Legis- lative Council, who was arrested at Lucknow under Section 121 of the Indian Penal Code, setting forth that he was “wag- ing war against the King.” It is very clear that the blow is aimed directly at the Communist leadership of the growing mass actions in India. The list of those arrested is a roll call of the new spokesmen for the trade unions and the Workers’ and Peasants’ Party who have displaced the compromising and traitor-reformist and nationalist officials who have joined with the employers and the government in attempted resistance against the steadily mounti revolutionary wave on this proletarian battle front in The youth organization has also heen singled out for special persecution. : The growing militancy of the masses is attested to by the fact that the general action of the central government in carrying out its attack, may be met by a general strike of the whole work Protest strikes of considerable proportions have already broken out in numerous places, notably at the Tata mills at Dadar, north of Bombay, where 20,000 workers quit their jobs, and in Bombay itself. S The situation grows increasingly tense throughout Indi: the workers are beginning to feel their power and to use } thus entering a new phase of the revolution in India, in which the Indian workers are iollowing the path of their Chinese comrades, profitting by their mistakes. The understand bet- ter the betrayals of the Indian bourgeoisie and its surrender to British imperialism. The workers, as is shown by the protest strikes, greet the leadership of the Communist: Party, that strugles for the closest unity of the industrial prole- tariat with the peasantry. Labor felt its strength this past year at Colombo, where for nearly a week the government was compelled to abdicate its functions. The police and the troops were helpless before the strikers and the mass demonstrations organized in their support. Labor mounted the barricades at Bombay, leaving 150 dead upon this heroic field of action, indicating the revolu- tionary maturity of the entire situation throughout the coun- try. The Bombay textile workers fought brilliantly for five months against further cutting of their starvation wages, ignoring the demand to accept a new wage cut “to help the premier national industry out of depression.” Practically all of the industries in India have been af- fected during the acute situation that has developed during the past year. The principal events of this period include the great railway strikes, lasting for months and involving hundreds of thousands of workers and frequently resulting in pitched battles between the strikers and the soldiery sup- porting the police; the strikes in the Tata Iron and Steel Works of Jemshedpur, and the lockout of nearly 200,000 tex- tile workers in Bombay for five months. Although the workers lost oftener than they won in these innumerable battles, these valiant efforts developed the fighting power of the working class; increased the will to fight; liberated the trade union movement from the agents of the national bourgeoisie; defeated and discredited the re- formist leaders, witnessed the rise of revolutionary leaders from the ranks of the proletariat, brought about the political independence of the proletariat in the struggle for national freedom, and laid the basis for the rapid growth of the influ- ence of the Communists and workers close to them. In the present situation the hue and cry is for the blood of the Communists. Both British imperialists and Indian capitalists are terrified before the power and will of the In- dian proletariat to fight. Reformist leaders unite with the poisoned press in deploring the fact that the workers have “fallen for the Communist propaganda of class war,” One of the reformist labor leaders, F. J. Ginwalla, writ- ing in the organ of the Bombay mill owners, the India Daily Mail, December 20, declared, “These strikes (on the railways, in the iron and steel industry and in Bombay) are the out- come of the policy of direct action advocated by the Com- munists.” B. Shiva Rao, protege of the British Independent Labor Party, entrusted with the organization in India of a branch of the Labor Bureau of the League of Nations, confesses that “It is no use disguising the fact that Communist ele- ments are gaining influence and aim to capture the move- ment. The Indian Trade Union Congress is being exploited in the name of the workers by a few interested groups, and must be radically reorganized to prevent the movement from going into wrong hands.” The wails of these reformists sound very much like the laments of the reactionary leadership of the American Fed- eration of Labor, and their socialist and other reformist al- lies, who witness the swing to the left of labor in American industry. It is for American workers to remember that not only British pounds sterling but also American dollars, on an in- creasing scale, are being invested in India. The cause of British imperialism and Indian capitalism therefore becomes directly the cause of Yankee imperialism. American labor must follow closely the rapid and epoch-making developments in India, as in China, and must stir themselves to aid their brothers. The cause of Indian labor is the cause of Amer- ica’s and the whole world’s worl.ing class, The “war against the king” grows into the war against world imperialism. é a ine Ps) Ie daily cartoon does not Polish Fascism Arms for War By K. LESKI »(Warsaw) 'HE Peace Protocol has now been signed in Moscow by Litvinov as the representative of the Soviet Union and by the Polish amba » MONDAY, MARCH 25, 1929 OWING to the illness of Comrade Fred Ellis the usual appear today. Along thousands of our readers we trust that Fred Ellis will soon | be dramatizing the struggles of the American working class in the columns of the Daily Worker again. Military Budget Grows; Polish-Rumanian Alliance Against USSR dor to the Soviet Union, Patek, The motives which prompted the twojwith the aid of Polish officers given governments to lend their signatures | special leave of absence for the pur- to the protocol were very different. After apparently overcoming all hindrances, Patek signed the proto- col in the name of his government, but anyone who is acquainted with the past of Pilsudski and with his pose and with the aid of the Lithu- anian social democrats, | Increase of Military Budget. | The preliminary proposal of the |Polish war office for the miljtary | budget for the years 1929-30 amount present aims, and with the whole|to 800 million Zloty, or 54 million} policy of “independent” Poland,|Zloty more than in the. previous knows very well that the Polish| year. This enormous sum of 800 mil- bourgeoisie and its fascist govern-|lion Zloty is only a part of the ac- ment will never cease preparing an/| tual sums spent on war prepara- |armed intervention against the Sov-|tions, the other sums being con. jiet Union. tained in the budgets of the minis: | _ If we take a look at the events of | try of the interior, the ministry for | the last few months, we will easily | transport and the ministry of public be able to convince ourselves that| works. Pilsudski doés not bother in| the whole internal and foreign policy | the least about the decisions of the of fascist Poland is based upon the | Sejm (Polish parliament). Last year | | assumption of war and above all of| Pilsudski exceeded the amount al- war against the Soviet Union, |lotted by the Sejm for military ex. | Military and Diplomatic Intrigues | penditure by no less than 200 mil- of Pilsudski. lion Zloty which sum was taken The alleged “sick-leaye” of Pil-|from the state income. |sudski which he spent in Rumania, | Military Armaments. |represented nothing but a journey| According to the budget proposal |with a view to strengthening the| which has already been published, | | anti-Soviet military alliance between | 60 million Zloty are to be expended | |Poland and Rumania, and to work|upon arms and ammunition, 4 mil-) | out with the Rumanian general staff | lion Zloty upon poison gas, 23 mil- junder the direction of France, ajlion Zloty for the air force, 7 mil-| plan of military operations against|lion Zloty for the purchase of| the Soviet Union. The negotiations horses, 11 million Zloty for motor) which were conducted whilst Pilsud-|cars, tanks and for the building of ski was in Rumania resulted in| wagon parks, etc. apart from an- agreement upon the following points | other 12 million Zloty for warships between the French, Polish and Ru-| and submarines, |manian representatives: Naval Armaments. | 1. In case of war with the Sov- The Polish government is working iet Union, Poland and Rumania | with especial zeal to strengthen its undertake to provide mutual sup- navy. In the year 1927-28 it or- | port against the Soviet Union; | 2. In case of war between Ru- | mania and the Soviet Union, Po- land undertakes to place three di- isions at the disposal of the Ru- manian army, the divisions to be | dered or paid for the following naval | |units: two modern torpedo boat de- | |stroyers, three submarines, two) jtransport vessels for war material, | one old French cruiser, which was | turned into a training ship, and one under the supreme command of (training ship. The building of the the Rumanian general staff; |naval harbor in Gdingen is being 3. In case of war between Poland | conducted at a speed which is almost and the Soviet Union, Rumania |American. Not long ago a member of undertakes to place eight infantry |the Polish Sejm declared, “We are divisions and a cavalry division at | prepared to go barefoot, but the the disposal of the Polish general | harbor in Gdingen must be complet- staff and these divisions together | ed.” The French war-monger, Gen- with an equal number of Polish |eral Lerond, was recently elected divisions shall form a unified | to the directorial board of the Dan- army; zig Shipbuilding Yard which is in 4. This Polish-Rumanian army | British, French and Polish hands. Jing all efforts to place the Polish army on a Vv footing and to in- crease its fighting value. At the | present time the number of officers employed in the administrative bur- eaus of the army, etc., is being rap- idly reduced in order to use these officers for front service. About 50 per cent of these officers have been told off for duty in the barracks, The War Industries. Under Pilsudski’s government new | factories for the production of war materials are being built and al- ready existing factories reorganized for the production of war materials, the building of military planes, the production of artificial silk, ete. Fac- tories already working for military purposes like Ursus, Starachovitche, Skoda, ete., are receiving large sub- dies from the government in order to increase their capital and extend their production. In the course of eight months of last year, the Bank “Gospodarstvo Krayovego” raised the long-term credits for factories working for the production of war materials by 59 million. Zloty, the short-term credits by 17 million Zloty and its own participation in the shares of these undertakings by 15 million Zloty. In other words this bank invested almost 100 million Zloty during the course of eight months in the war industries. Formation of “Lithuanian” and “Ukrainian” Units. At the instance of the Pilsudski government the nucleus of six “Ukrainian” divisions have been formed under the command of Gen- erals, Zezrucki, Salski and Osedy. In case of war with the Soviet Union, these divisions will fight for the “independence of the Ukraine,” er in other words for the transforma- tion of the Soviet Ukraine into a coloriy of Anglo-French capitalism. Similarly, “Lithuanian” units are being organized by Pilsudski’s agents in Lida in West White Russia. With the aid of Pilsudski these units will attack Lithuania and give the cam- paign the character of an insurrec- |tion of the Lithuanian people against |the fascist dictatorship of Volde- | maras. Military Training of Polish Youth. Military training for the youth of Shall be placed under the supreme command of French officers; | Increase Fighting Strength of Army. |both sexes in Poland is steadily be- The Pilsudski government is mak- | ing extended. The following figures 5. France undertakes to support the operations of such an army by sending five warships to the Baltic Ocean; 6. For the defense of the Ru- manian Black Sea coast a double track railway shall be built be- | tween Tchernovitz and Marasechti on the Black Sea coast; and 7. Generals Morin and Leron shall be entrusted with the carry- ing out of the plan. The firms of Schneider-Creuzot and Skeda will By A. B. Be happy, slaves of Happy Val | You who left life dying on the Look: here is a great strong m supply a uniform equipment (arms | Be happy. and munitions) to the French, Po- Nour ae . lish and Rumanian armies under | *°UT Hives are in rags. the direction of the French general | Be happy. staff. Munition factories will be erected in Rumania and Yugo- Your stomachs are empty. slavia and the Greek harbor of | Be happy. Salonika will be extended in order to supply Poland and Rumania with war material. In order to render the cordon around the southwest of the Soviet Union complete, Pilsudski is work- ing tirelessly to bring about an un- derstanding between Hungary and Rumania. The idea is that in case of war between Rumania and the Soviet Union the former would be able to withdraw its troops from the Hungarian frontier in order to send them to the theatre of war. The Polish ambassador to Hungary, Ma- jor Matuszrvski, who is a confidant of Pilsudski and the former head of the second department of the Polish general staff, has been entrusted with the development of this plan. With the assistance of French dip- lomats and the heads of the inter- national finance world, a plan is be- | ing worked out to provide for united action between Poland, Bulgaria, Yugoslavia, Rumania and Tchecho- slovakia in case of war against the Soviet Union. In agreement with Great Britain and France, Pilsudski is preparing a raid on Lithuania. The subordina-|. tion of Lithuania to Poland is part of a general plan of imperialist war | against the Soviet Union. The raid jon Lithuania is to be a repetition \of the so-called “Zeligovsky revolt” which resulted in the annexation of Vilna in 1920. Zeligovsky, who is a member of the Polish socialist party, has left the Polish army in order to place himself at the head of the Union of Ex-Soldiers and other semi-military formations. The! raid on Kovno is to be carried out) L7 ~~" ee Are you sad? And be happy. Do you feel bitter? And be happy. Tho your lips are hot with the Typical Southern Textile Slave’s Hovel “In Happy Valley” MAGIL. ley. y (The guy who gave it that name sure had a sense of humor.) Tennessee hills, ill for your coffin— Starve with a smile. Just keep on smiling. Look at the bayonets of the National Guard— Look at your stunted children, weeds of the blossoming South— Tho your blood cries out with the ache of tortured years, flame of a thousand angers, Be happy, slaves of Happy Valley. 2 (Thecguy who gave it that name must be laughing out loud.) with give some idea of the strength of the military organization “Strze- |letch”: 400 officers specially told off for this purpose are working in 3,-| 000 branches together with 700 of-| ficers and 4,000 non-commissioned officers of the reserve. The training urses have turned out 5,000 in- ructors up to the present. Militarization of State Apparatus. The militarization of the state ap- paratus is being conducted with all possible despatch. All the higher po- sitions, particularly in the Eastern provinces, the jumping-off base for a war against the Soviet Union, are being occupied by Pilsudski who of- ficers. The military departments of all districts will be occupied in the| near future by active officers in place of the civil chiefs at present at their head. Militarization of Polish Economic Life. The militarization of the economic life of Poland is expressed amongst other things by the fact that the Polish war office has placed the} liason bureau for the connections be- tween the army and all branches of industry, under the command of the general staff. The vice-president of the Sejm fraction of the Pilsudski party, Major Pieracki, has been ap- pointed head of this bureau. This re-organization means an increase of | the power of the general staff and the continued subordination of all other interests to its interests, and represents an intensification of the preparations for war. In the min- istry of post and telegraph, a new military department has been set up under the command of Staff Major- General Romer. The fact that the private air lines are being taken over by the state revresents a further in- tensification of the preparations for war against the Soviet Union, The splitting off of the open fas- cist group of the Minister Mora- ezevski and the Deputy Javorovski from the Polish socialist party, a split which was carried out by Pil- sudski, aims at forming a shock troop within the Polish proletariat for the war policy of the Polish bourgeoisie under the leadership of Pilsudski. The fascist proposal to alter the Polish constitution represents an at- tempt to give a legal basis to the fascist dictatorship of Pilsudski, i.e., a legal basis for the government of the war against the Soviet Union. According to this proposal the Polish president, a tool of Pilsudski, is to receive dictatorial power over the Polish army. -The limitation of the franchise and the limitation of the rights of the Sejm deputies will minimize the political rights of the Polish workers and of the masses of the toiling population of the national minorities oppressed by Polish fas- cism. The possibility to send depu- ties into the Sejm is being taken away from them, and these would be the only deputies prepared to fight against a war upon the Soviet Union. Having regard to these facts, the struggle of the toiling masses of Poland against the fascist dictator- ship of Pilsudski is at the same time a struggle for the defense of the Soviet Union. Any support rendered to the Polish working masses in their struggle against the fascist dictator- ship of Pilsudski by the international anti-fascist front is therefore an im- portant part of the general struggle against the danger of war, Editor in Croatian Capital Assassinated ZAGREB, Croatia, March 24 (UP) --Toni Schlegel, editor-in-chief of the newspaper Novosti ang a direc- tor in the publishing firm of Jugo- Stanpa, was shot to death by un- known assailants today. The shoot- ing occurred as he walked up the steps of his home, The assassins jumped into a car and dashed away. A political move was ascribed by the police. BERLIN FORGERS INDICTED. BERLIN, March 24, — Several members of a wholesale forging gang here have been indicted. They are charged with forging “docu- ments” purporting to show that Senator Borah had received money from the Soviet Government. It is believed that this gang, com- posed of White Guard Russians, is responsible for former forgeries published in the Hearst newspapers, and for the Zinoviev letter. The authorities were forced to act when the gang became so wreckless as to attempt to show “connections” of Senator Borah and the Soviet gov- ernment, ‘The [i dadaal ee} movement in the Se che temenne Alero AON Rhee ar (Communist ‘Manitento). df menhaaty is Copyright, 1929, by Internation Publishers Co., Ine. BILL HAY WOOD'S BOOk Haywood Testifies in Own Behalf; Borah Gets a Shock When He Tries to Break Him Down; Darrow’s Speech In preceding chapters Hayweod told of his carly life in the Old West as laborer, farmer, cowboy and miner; his work in the Western Federation of Miners; organizing the I.W.W., and his arrest with Moyer and Pettibone for the murder of ex-Governor Steunenberg. In the last instalment he told how the stool pigeon Orchard testified against him in the trial at Boise and was cross-examined by Darrow, for the defense. Now read on. All rights rese,ved. Republica- tion forbidden except by permissicn. * By WILLIAM D HAYWOOD. PART 68. if ARROW, in this case as in others that he has defended, picked out D a “goat” among the prosecution lawyérs. In this instance it was Jim Hawley upon whom he concentrated his sarcasm. He was at times so venomous that Hawley’s son threatened him with personal violence. Darrow was not always the smiling, suave, persuasive individual that he is sometimes described. His grandest moments were when he was in the attitude of attack. Some of the witnesses’ suffered severely. He tore the degenerate Orchard to frag- ments, and said, “It is this arch criminal that the prosecution is protecting!” to which Senator Borah took exception, saying with uplifted hand, “May my right hand wither if this man is not prosecuted!” During the trial I had stretched out on my cot in the jail one night when I was taken with severe cramps that soon developed into convulsions. The ewes jail was aroused, and before the doctor arrived I was suffering intense pain. By morning I had not recovered sufficiently to go into court, so the trial was delayed for a day. ae When I went on the witness stand the examination was conducted by Darrow. I went over the history of my life, my connection with the Western Federation, my knowledge of Orchard, and everything that had happened with which I had anything to do, down to that hour. Borah in his cross-examination did not have things all his own way. He faced me with his bulldog expression and the deep dimple in his chin, and asked about the resolution that I had written in Silver City. He * * | said: “You felt very bitter against Governor Steunenberg?” “Yes, I answered, “I felt toward him much as I did toward you and others who were responsible for martial law and the bull-pen in the Coeur d’Alenes.” “So I have understood,” the senator remarked, Just what he meant I could not make out. ey During his cross-examination the sun was sinking and shining through a window toward which I was facing. I said to the judge, “If your Honor please, will you kindly have the shutters closed on that window? The sun is shining in my face and I cannot see the senator’s eyes.” 7 It was not my intention to disconcert the senator, but I was told afterward that he said he had never heard of a man on trial for his life who was so anxious to see the prosecutor’s eyes. He said, “It doubled me up like a jack-knife!” One day when I was on the stand being cross-examined, the judge announced that there would probably be a night session. The senator protested, saying that he felt'as if he had already done two days’ work in one, I was examined and cross-examined about Stewart’s testimony that I had said Governor Steunenberg should be exterminated. I said that, to the best of my remembrance, I had said he should be eliminated. ai aa LMOST a hundred witnesses came to Boise for me a*the trial; eighty-seven of them testified in my behalf, a few of them did not take the stand. These people were not subpoenaed, as most of them were resident of other states, Frank Schmelzer, a member of the executive board of the Western Federation, was killed as he attempted to step on a moving train at Denver on his way to the trial. Alva Swain, Denver editor of the Pueblo Chieftain, whom I have mentioned before, came to Boise twice before the opportunity came for him to testify. When the defense rested, Borah opened the argument to the jury. He spoke long and forcibly. I had been charged with killing Governor Frank Steunenberg, a man whom I had never seen, who was killed in a place where I had never been. I was more than a thousand miles away at the time of his death. He had been killed by a man whom I had not seen for eight months or a year, and from whom I had never heard during that time. It seemed to me impossible that Borah could expect a conviction; and in all his speech he did not ask that I be hanged. He was followed by Richardson, who spoke for nine hours. The concluding address to the jury in my behalf was made by Clarence Darrow, who is not only a great lawyer but a keen psychologist, aaa ae es! Darrow rose to address the jury he stood big and broad- shouldered, dressed in a slouchy gray suit, a wisp of hair down across his forehead, his glasses in his hand, clasped by the nose-piece. He began by tracing the history of the Western Federation of Miners, from the jail that had been our home for the past eighteen months, where the organization had been conceived. He pictured the isolated assemblies of the Knights of Labor and the efforts of these organi- zations to maintain a decent standard of living, He told of the Cueur d’Alenes strike of 1892 and the strike of 1899 which had been called an insurrection. He told about the calling of the federal soldiers into the Coeur d’Alenes district at the time of these strikes, of martial law, of bull-pens, special prosecutions and imprisonments. He went over in detail the many strikes that the W.F.M. had con- ducted in Colorado, showing, that when the eight-hour law for which the organization had fought was passed, the unions were compelled to strike in order to enforce the law. He snoke of the effect of martial law on the people of a state or district where it: pravailed, and of the suffering and worry that it entailed upon all who lived under such conditions, He went over the testimony of the various witnesses for the state and then drew a comparison between them and the people who had given testimony for me. He told again of the illegal arrest, the kid-: naping, the special train and military guard, showed that the prose- cution would have shrunk from nothing inorder to implicate me in , this murder. ‘ “To kill him, gentlemen! I want to speak to you plainly. Mr, Hay- wood is not my greatest concern. Other men have died before him. Other men have been martyrs to a holy cause since the world began. Wherever men have looked upward and onward, forgotten their sel- fishness, struggled for humanity, worked for the poor and the weak, they have been sacrificed. They have been sacrificed in the prison, on the scaffold, in the flame. They have met their dath, and he can meet ' his if you twelve men say he must, But, gentlemen, you short-sighted men of the prosecution, you men of the Mine Owners’ Association, you |) people who would cure hatred with hate, you who think you can out the feelings and the hones and the aspirations of men by tyi nose around his neck, you who are seeking to kill him, not because it | Haywood, but because he represents a class, don’t ‘be so blind, be foolish as to believe you can strangle the Western Federation of Ming {| when you tie a rope around his neck. Don’t be so blind in your ma\ | ness as to believe that if you make three fresh, new graves you \ kill the labor movement of the world. I want to say to you, gentlemen, Bill Haywood can’t die unless you kill him. You have got to tie the rope. You twelve,men of Idaho, the burden will be on you. If, at the behest of this mob, you should kill Bill. Haywood, he is mortal, he will | die, and I want to say that a million men will take up the banner of | labor at the open grave where Haywood lays it down, and in spite of | prisons or scaffolds or fire, in spite of prosecution or jury, these meni of willing hands will carry it on to victory in the end.... . “The legislature, in 1902, was asked to pass that law which the’ Constitution commanded them to pass, and what did it do? Mr. Gug- genheim and Mr, Moffatt and the Mine Owners’ Association and all the good people in Colorado who lived by the sweat and blood of their fellow. men—all of those invaded the chamber of the house and the senate and said: ‘No, you must not pass an eight-hour law; true, the Consti- tution requires it; but here is our gold, which is stronger than the Constitution.’ The legi: re met and discussed the matter. Haywood was there; the labor organizations were there pleading then, as they “have always pleaded, for the poor, the weak, the oppressed. « » .” pylivn —