The Daily Worker Newspaper, March 7, 1929, Page 6

eiro and Rio Grande do Sul. Page Six DAILY, WORKER, NEW YORK, THURSDAY, MARCH 7, 1929 Baily Central Organ of the Workers (Communist) Party Published by Telephone, 3 Cable: “DAIWO: ROBERT MINOR ......... Editor j WM, F. DUNNE ..... Ass. Air Imperialism of United States in Worker By Mail $8.00 a yea CRIPTION RATES: (in New York only): r $4.50 six months three mo! By Mail (outside o $6.00 a year $3. $2.00 three hs Address Latin America | “RATIONALIZED” By Fred Ellis | Copyright, 1929, by Publishers Co., Inc. BILL ssn HAYWOOD’S BOOK All rights reserved. Republica- tion forbidden except by permission. |How to Meet the K.K.K.; Haywood Speaks of Yellow Dogs, Are They Less Yellow When They Are Bigger Dogs In previous chapters Haywood told of his early life in the Old West as miner, cowboy and homesteader; of ‘his years of union mem~ es is ‘ ss ut ‘ship in the old Western Federation of Miners culminating in his HE Pan-American Airways this] erning the flight of foreign aircraft aie as its secretary-treasurer; of the W.F.M. battles in Idaho and week obtained the contract for, over the Panama Canal Zone. Under Colorado. He is now telling of the latter part of the strike in the carrying mail by air from the|these rules, non-American aircraft " C United States to Mexico. Recently the same company opened an air mail service from the United States to Panama via Havana and the Cen- tral American states. Both the: steps are part of the United Stat campaign to obtain control of com- mercial aviation in Latin America, a large part of which is in the hands of European companies. The Germans Already In. The first air line to function in Latin America was established by the Sociedad Colombo-Alemana de Transportes Aereos, a company founded in 1920 by the Kondorsyn- dikat of Germany. This fitm, gen- erally known as “Scadta,” operates five passenger and mail air lines in Colombia and has extended its serv- ice to Ecuador. It plans to extend its operations southward to Peru. Similarly, the German group has obtained ‘a concession in Peru for establishing air lines with neigh- boring states. A* German firm, the Aero Lloyd Voliviano, also controls Bolivia’s air service; while German firms shipped| 10° aitplanes to Brazil in 1928 for the air service between Rio de Jan- Plans| are under way for extending the| Brazilian service to Montevideo and; Buenos Aires. Toward the close of 1928 the Deutsche Lufthansa an-| nounced plans for establishing regu-| lar passenger and mail service by) air between Germany and Argen-| tina, | The French, Also. | The French, also, have obtained valuable aviation ‘concessions in| Latin America. In 1925 Chile} granted “a French company an ex-| clusive concession to operate air lines. The United States attempted] to prevent exclusive concessions of) this nature but was unsuccessful. must enter the Canal Zone by speci- fied routes and must land at desig- nated airports before leaving the zone, At these places clearance papers must be obtained and a cus- pection will be made. For s at other than these speci- fied points are forbidden unless it can be proved they were necessary.| g of arms, ammunition or other war material is prohibited| and foreign aviators are forbidden to take photographs. These regulations were based on recommendations of the United States State, War, Navy, Treasury, Post Office and Commerge Depart- ments, The heads of these depart- ments, all members of the presi- dent’s cabinet, were appointed as a sub-committee to work out aircraft regulations for the Canal Zone. The committee considers the Zone the bottle-neck of aviation routes in the western hemisphere. Through it must pass most of the north-south flights between the two continents, In its aviation program for Latin America, the Canal Zone and the Republic of Panama are an impor- tant base of operations for the United States. Preparing For War. The Canal Zone, which is under the jurisdiction of the United -States| War Department, occupies a ‘five| mile strip on each side of the Pan- ama Canal, extends from the Atlan- tic to the Pacific, and bisects the Republic of Panama. The cities of Colon and Panama are within these} bounds, but are excluded from! American sovereignty being under the legal jurisdiction of the Repub- lic of Panama. However, it is im- possible to reach either city by land except through the American-con- | trolled’ Canal Zone. Similarly in} The Literature of New Russia To the western world, Russian lit- erature is chiefly known through The storm and stress period of | the revolution was naturally favor-| Cripple Creel: district of Colorade. Now go on reading. ew ee By WILLIAM D. HAYWOOD. PART 54. I RECEIVED a letter from Colonel Verdeckberg, telling me to send no more relief to the district, except through military channels, and enclosing a copy of a'special order to that effect. This was an attempt t Telegrams to to starve out the families of the strikers and deportees. President Roosevelt and to the Red Cross brought no action, and the relief work was carried on secretly by the brave women of the district. Eight of these women, members of the women’s auxiliaries of the Federation, including Mrs. Hooten and Estelle Nich- ols, were taken before Verdeckberg and instructed that they could not distribute relief in the Cripple Greek district. But the military order did not pre- vent these women from doing their work as they had always done. Frank Cochran, the secretary of the Victor Min- ers’ Union, was arrested, and when his office was searched a number of pictures of scabs were found, marked with a cross on the back. The military demanded of Cochran what these marked pictures were intended for. He explained that they were to be used for the scab posters that were circulated throughout the state. They tortured him in an effort to make him‘ change his story, put a rope around his neck and threatened to hang him unless he would say that the marked pictures were those of scabs who were to be made away with. Cochran stood by, the truth, and finally they let him go. COMMITTEE of “white-cappers,” who were sometimes called the Ku-Klux Klan, went to the home of George Seitz, and one of them walked into the kitchen where there was no one but Seitz and his two daughters. He ordered Seitz to come along with them, and to frighten him a shot was fired. But Seitz replied with a Winchester, and drove off the mob. The next morning the papers announced that two prom: inent individuals, naming them, had left the district and probably woudd not return. It was generally supposed that these two were members of the mob, and had been injured or killed by Seitz. That was the last case of invading homes. Seitz did avgood job. While all these fearful things were happening in Cripple Creek, the same mad rule of the gold barons was going on in San Juan district, and the coal barons of the southern part of the state were also doing their damndest to obliterate SUnOMSH £ AC headquarters I was sitting tight, not knowing What atrocity would come next. There was a tremendous shock but the organization did not seem to be weakening anywhere. The strike in all its intensity had continued unbroken for over three years. The very first sign of weakness came. with the discovery of gold | travelling between the eastern and| : | western provinces of the Republic) translations of Tolstoy, Dostoyev- jof Panama one must pass through|Sky, Turgeniev, Chekhov, Gorki and in Tonopah and Goldfield, Nevada, coupled with a cordial invitation The French have also established a to the Cripple Creek miners from Governor Sparks of Nevada, who mail service by ship and airplane | able for verse and unfavorable for | prose. Short poems were the only) Great Variety of Significant Works Reflects from Paris to Buenos Aires, via! Dakar in French Senegal and Per- nambuco, Alarmed at the rapid advance of) European aviation in Latin Amer- ica, the United States attempted to establish its own hegemony in this field at the Pan-American Commer. cial Aviation Conference of 1927. The attempt failed owing to the op- position of most -of the Latin Amer- ican countries, led by Argentina. Trick Didn’t Work. , At that conference, the United) States proposed a resolution provid-| ing that “for the purpose of engag-| ing in international air navigation,| no aircraft shall be entered on the} register of any of the concerning! states unless the ownership thereof is vested in a national of such con- tracting state, or a partnership or corporation under the laws of such! contracting states.” | Since the United States is the| only country in the Pan-American) Union manufacturing airplanes, it would have given the United States a monopoly over Latin American| aviation. This resolution would have} excluded the French, British andj and would have resulted in the can-}| cellation of present air concessions| to European countries. The con- ference, however, rejegted the reso- lution. Subsequently, the United States won a victory at the Havana con-| ference which adopted a convention) on commercial aviation providing that any two countries may make treaties excluding commercial avia- SS. ie ESTERS SR AEE tion companies of other countries from passing over their territory. =U. S. Against Germany. This provision was aimed primar- ily at Scadta. The conflict between German and American interests reached a crisis when Colombia, under=Scadta’s pressure, refused to let American companies enter South America via Colombia, while the United States obstructed Scadta from “extending its services north- ward, “preventing it from securing rights in Panama and Cuba. it such landing rights Scadta forced to restrict itself to South while without the right fly over Colombia the United tes could. not hope to establish ‘air service between North and America. For a while there ‘a deadlock. ; Recently, however, the State De- irtment revealed that an agree- has. been reached whereby n air ‘lines will be per- to enter South America via ia, and in, exchange Scadta e ‘permitted to fly its airplanes the Panama Canal. This was _only after Pan-American. air- ‘were sufficiently organized to tht for Latin American and had already opened service from the United ‘to Cuba. indicated this week when Coolidge issued ‘an execu- the Canal Zone. In 1926 the United States attempted to control com- munications through this region by inserting in the Kellogg-Alfaro Commercial Treaty between the United States and Panama a clause providing for the control and opera- tion of aircraft, radio, and wireless lin case of war. The legislature of| man for the liberal intelligentsia at Panama rejected this treaty with a request for further negotiations. The United States Senate never acted upon it. The Republic of Panama, how- ever, is controlled by the United States, and two years later (1928) when President Aroaemana took of- fice, he cooperated with the program of the United States by appointing | a national aviation commission to work out plans for the construction of airports and auxiliary fields. This commission includes Americans among its members. Importance of Aviation Control. The future sof Latin American aviation may be judged from the present state of railway communi- cation. Few railroads connect one Central American country with an- other, and there are no motor high- German lines from the Americas) ways, not even across the Isthmus} of Panama. A rail line is under join Zacapa in Guatemala with Santa Anna in Salvadore, but there are no other international railway lines in Central America. ‘only Chilean, connecting Arica and An- tofagasta with La Paz, Bolivia; and Valparaiso and Santiago with Men- doza in Argentina, Air’ service has reduced the time of travelling between cities difficult to reach by train or boat. Thus the journey between Barranquilla and Girardot, both to Colombia, takes 14 to 18 days by train and boat but only 7 hours by air. Similarly, fly- ing has reduced the travelling time from Havana to Panama from three days to nine hours; and from Belize (British Honduras) to Corinto (Nicaragua) from 8 days to 7 hours. Keener Competition Ahead. Coolidge’s order permitting for- eign aircraft to land in the Canal Zone, under certain restrictions, ap- pears to support the report that some agreement has been reached between the American and German interests. The order, by establish- ing landing points for foreign air- craft in the Zone, permits Scadta to extend its air service northward; presumably Colombia will not allow American aircraft to land on its ter- ritory. With this prospect of free air passage to South America, the Pan- American Airways has already con- cluded an agreement with Peru for establishing air lines, and is nego- tiating similar agreements with Ecuador and Chile. German-Col- ombian capital was unable to obtain air passage to Cuba until American capital was prepared to invade Latin America, where the sharpest competition between European and American air lines may now be ex- » outlining the rules gov-| pected. | Andreyev. These mighty classics |mirrored the currents of thought) | under Tsarism, showing, in Tolstoy, | how the world looked to a religious | nobleman of genius; in Dostoyevsky, ja mystical appraisal of a world pene- trated by a profound psychologist: |in Turgeniev, a vacillating spokes- its height; in Chekhoy, at its de-| |cline; in Andreyev, ‘at its*collapse; | | while Gorki was articulating the as- \pirations of a growing working class. | These classics are still published in he Soviet Union.” In connection with the centenary of Tolstoy’s birth jin his gifted poem “The Twelve’ | ment of poetry, leading poets of the | Vitality of New Soviet Culture | The most eminent poet of the pre-| molished the old aesthetics aici revolutionary intelligentsia | who| gether and to that extent were re- tried to understand the revolution,| volutionaries in art. Because of instead of running sway to Euro-| their preoccupation with the image, | pean capitals, was Alexander Blok.) which they considered the basic ele-| he treats the revolution as a mys- Imaginst school like Marienhof, Kusi tical phenomenon, a cyclonic cal-|kov, Grusinov and Shershenyevitch lapse of culture, a rebellious trans-| neglected revolutionary _ themes.. valuation of those values which had| These poets enjoyed a brief fragile been sanctified by religion. He en- | glory in the early days cf the revolu- visions the transvaluation as ex-| tion. Had Yessenin been merely an perienced by a profoundly -suffer-| imagist-he would have passed away) mstruction which will . eventually | On the} Pacific coast south of Panama the, international rail lines are) | the State Publishing House (“Gosiz- |dat”) issued the great: novelist’s |ing humanity. In “The Scythians”| he develops a similar idea, this time | collected works in 100 volumes. | suffused with the sririt of national-| The writers of the new Russia na-| ism, conceiving it:to be the special | turally could not merely resume | ™ission of the Russian people to} where their classical predecessors| link the culture of the West with |left off. The November Revolution| the barbarism of the East. Blok ap- |of 1917, destroyed old values and|Proached the revolution as an in-| created new ones, In the early days| tellectual whose imagination worked | of the Civil War the young Russian | With religious images; and in that writers had to face the problem of | Sense is generally considered to have} reflecting in literature the profound failed in grasping the full import | social changes which had taken ~lace.|°f the new era. | However, the stormy nature of the| A poet completely different from! | revolution and its creative aims did, any of the foregoing is Serge Yes-| not permit them to be content with | Senin, whose premature death sev-/ mere reflection; they were ashamed| eral years ago deprived Russian | | to be passive mirrors; and aimed to literature of perhaps its most gifted | take their place among the active | lyricist. Yessenin’s poetry had its creators of the new civilization, A | roots-in the village, though it also |reaction set in against passive na- | Showed the influence of the literary |turalism, and the ‘new literature| Bohemia in which-he moved during | sought to speak directly to the mas-|the last years of his life. He was | ses of the Russian people, to pro-| the best product of the Imagist claim their aspirations in yigorous | School which for a time had con- | imaginative terms, and to stir, them | siderable vogue in early revolution- jon to reorganize social conscious-| ary Russia. Though it. used dif- ness. A striking example of this} ferent technical means, this school | machine industry. attempt of literature to participate | actively in the march of the new order are the works of Demyan! Byednyi. -The songs, poems, and| | agitational rhymes and -satires- of |this talented political poet’ were di-| resembled futurism in its Bohemian tendencies, and its attempts to shock the reader by the novelty, surprise, rudeness and even vulgarity: of its images. The imagists, however, did not break with old aesthetic’ tradi- rected to the wide masses of the, tions, as did the futurists, who de- people; they spoke in the language a x with them. But he was‘more than} that. Apart from his superb lyric} gifts, he expressed the psychology of the backward peasant. In long poems, like “Pugachev”, “Inonia” | and “Pantonrata”, he describes. the , revolt of the peasants sweeping away city culture including the} church and preparing the way for a| peasant paradise. Yessenin was not a revolutionist. This declasse child of prosperous peasants never ac- cepted urban civilization based on One of his lyrics | expresses this in the image of a pony futilly trying to overtake a speeding locomotive. All-Yessenin’s sympathies are on the side of the old village, living its own isolated and self-sufficient existence inde- pendent of the city. However, being a great poet, he could-not-help -un- derstanding that the village had no future. He realized that destiny was on the side of the proletarian revolution and made’ strenuous ef- forts to go over to it. These efforts are expressed in poems like “Soviet Russia,” “The Letter to a: Woman” and “The Passing Word.” . It. was this’ tragic ~ contradiction ‘between his sympathy and his insight which broke Yessenin’s spirit and con- tributed to his suicide at the age of twenty-eight. of factory and farm, and stirred militant hopes in. the millions of workers and peasants who read them, Demyon Byednyi’s verses appeared almost every day in the Soviet press for a number of years, and today he is recognized as the}, leading popular Communist’ poet in the country, * * * Another poet who shaped the themes, form and .language of his verse to the mould of the revoltition, is Vladimir Mayakovsky, the. leader of the futurist school in the Soviet Union.’ Mayakovsky, however, is much more sophisticated than .De- myan Byednyi. Raised in Russia’s literary Bohemia, | Mayakovsky |. brought to the revolution the, tech- nical experiments of futurism, as} contrasted with Demyan Byednyi’s | simple ballads based tn old folk! forms. Mayakovsky’s “Left March,” “Manifesto,” “150,000,000”, “Lenin” and “Mysteria Bouffe” express the} new era in strong, fresh rhythms, * words and images, from the point; — of view of the intelligentsia’ which By J. C. Black and white A‘steel embrace. Black fists, * White fists. Unleashing dogs No murder cry Black and white A steel embrace was on the side of the ‘revolution, argeois: society, livi Whatever may be the ultimate fate) Balen Hats ar lee ine Mice jth tat 6 ene to tncre: ty pormtel oh Mee cute cou fields, shops, | secamalated Inhor te but” means ally conceded by Soviet critics that oe ec i to widen, to enrick, 10 promote the he is the most original and the most To march singing. - " i ([patatence ‘of the Inborer—Kar) influential of ‘Soviet | poets, rE -On-bleeding, gold ramparts, rin tks a Sp Na ea The black man equal, The white man equal. © Black Fists---White Fists “EDEN. (. . saemorating the First Mass Meeting of W Nogro Workers in Chester,” Pa.) “Under sickle: and hammer hand welded. string. of cars when the coll No blood seeking horde to ‘hound, No. yelp of white savagery. hand welded Augury of a day t “him: from’ the wreckage. He died possible vehicles for the only people! who were in a position to write, and! who were still influenced by the old culture of the nobility, the bour- geoisie and the city intellectuals; it was. the inevitable.medium for the individualistic romanticism of tran- sition writers. The end of the civil war brought victory for the work- ers_and peasants, peace and recon-, struction. Actual workers, who had} been too busy fighting on the battle- | field, now turned to reflect on the tremendous — experiences through | which they had passed. They now) had sufficient leisure for sustained | prose, and the Soviet Union produced | a number of novels which were in| effect memoirs of the civil war. Among the best of these is Fur-| manov’s “Chapayev,” describing a! revolutionary working man, and) “The Revolt,” dealing with the civil | war. In these chronicles the method | is naturalistic, depending on docu-| ments and facts which speak for) themselves. Both these books breathe | a spirit of grandeur, but their power | is derived almost wholly from the facts they present. . The civil war is treated romantic- | ally in Lebedinsky’s “A Week,” | which has been translated into Eng-| lish. A similar method is employed! by. Serafimovitch in “The Iron Stream.” The romanticism of these writers is far from, the Huropean type associated with mysticism and | pacifism. These authors portray | the heroism of a great historical era | and implicitly celebrate the will to| act, the collective effort of the mas- ses overcoming enormous difficulties. Both Serafimoyitch and Lebedinsky are’Communists. and are counted | ‘among the. so-called “proletarian | writers.” One of: the pre-revolu- | tionary novelists who described the | civil war from the. liberal intel-| lectual's point of view is Veresayev ‘whose “Deadlock” has been ‘trans- lated into English. \To Be Continued.) | I. R. T. “Investigates” | to Exonerate Company in Death of Motorman “Investigations,” conducted by the I. R. T.\as part of its plan to clear the compahy. of responsibility for the death of Wm.’ McCormack, mo- torman, killed in. a collision on the | Third Avenue Elevated’ Line Mon- day, were opened yesterday. | McCormack was driving an empty ion oc- ‘curred. Handicapped by the absence of. any. Window. wiping device which would have. safeguarded his vision vin the blinding rain, he failed to see a seven-car. passenger train ahead. Police worked 20. minutes to rescue ‘“ollowing amputation. of the legs at the Fordham. Hospital. “Mere -(Cotmunint. Manifesto), | urged them to accept the hospitality of the “sage-brush state” and share its reaches, adding that he would meet the Colorado miners at the border with a special train. There was no immediate exodus, but a good many of the miners left for Nevada, affected not so much by gold fever as a desire for peace, a chance to sleep without the overhanging thought of militia, gunmen, jails and bull-pens. I was thinking about what could be done to. strengthen the posi- tion of the Western Federation. The strategic fortresses of the mine managers were not altogether unassailable, but they were strong with the control of the supreme court and the state government. They, with the smelting and milling companies, had unlimited money for corruption as well as the support of the Rockefeller interests and the unscrupulous Citizens’ Alliance, which apparently could resort to the most criminal atrocities with the assurance of military and civil pro- tection. The barbarous gold barons—they did not find the gold, they did not mine the gold, they did not mill the gold, but by some weird alchemy all the gold belonged to them! In a poster that I'got out about this time, with the flaring headline, “Is Liberty Dead?” I recited many of the outrages that had occurred in Cripple Creek. T HAD prepared a financial report for the year. Sam Gompers took occasion to criticize this report because, under the sum totals of expenditures, I had-a large sum, thirty thousand dollars, I think, under the head of “miscellaneous.” Sam seemed to be interested in what a miscellaneous expenditure of so large an amount could mean. But it is quite evident that he did not go through the report, because I had an itemized statement of the “miscellaneous” elsewhere. Gompers in this criticism was as bad as Walter Wellman. He jumped at the chance to try to tell our enemies—the enemies of labor—that we were using relief funds for something that could not be set forth plainly in the report, s+ * & | RS coal miners of Mystic, Iowa, invited me to speak at their Labor Day demonstration early in September. I told them that I thought the United Mine Workers were making a mistake in their methods of dealing with coal companies, that I thought their position would be much stronger if their agreements terminated in November instead of on the first of April, when the demand for coal was declining. The supply of coal usually on hand in April was enough to run through the summer months, while in November the demand was on the increase, which would give the workers an advantage. “But,” I said, “why enter into an agreement with the mining com- panies at all—that is, a time agreement? Why not be in a position to strike at any time? “Let me show you what an agreement really means. If a member ‘ef your union signed an individual agreement with the boss, you would say he was a yellow cur. But there are labor organizations which will enter into local agreements without considering the other workers - in their industry. This only increases the size of the yellow dog. And the same is true of. you as coal miners when you enter into an agree- ment including the entire industry. This agreement you regard as sacred and you feel that it compels you to work and provide coal, no matter what the conditions of the other workers may be. “Take, for example, the locomotive engineer’—they have never broken an agreement in the history of their organization. But they have scabbed on every big strike that has taken place in this country. So I say that even the workers in the entire industry have no right to enter into a time agreement, and this is true fo the working class as a whole. We have no right to enter into agreements with the capitalist class, because it'is ‘the historic mission of the working cl: to over- throw the capitalist system. It is our only means of emancipation from wage slavery.” ‘i ae * . TE LIBERTY LEAGUE, organized by the Colorado State Fei tion of Labor, was active in the election of 1904. It had determi upon a labor party program, the main feature of which was the di of Governor Peabody, and its planks were nailed down with the slofab “Anybody but Peabody.” This, of course, did not develop into a labat party, but into the support of the Democratic Party, which. in its con- vention adopted the demands of the Liberty League. Roosevelt carried the state by a large majority, but Peabody was swamped. Alva Adams, Democratic governor-elect, was installed. The Republican Patty, on behalf of Peabody, filed a protest with the supreme court, which in itself was so corrupt that it threw out the ballots of enough ‘precincts and wards for the Republican legislature to declare that Peabody had been elected. He at once resigned, and the Republican lieutenant gov- ernor, Jesse MacDonald, took ‘his place. Colorado had three governors. in twenty-four hours, ‘ t * * *. In the next instalment Haywood will tell of the events preceding the birth. of the Industrial Workers of the World (1LW.W.). Readers who have not yet taken advantage of getting Haywood’s life story in bound volume form, regular book size, should do so at once. It can be obtained free with one. yearly subscription, renewal or extension to the Daily Worker. Sub agents should make a special campaign to expand circulation with this really splendid offer. i 4 ¢