The Daily Worker Newspaper, June 22, 1928, Page 3

THE DAILY WORKER, NEW YORK. FRIDAY, PICKET DIGGINGS DESPITE POLICE: AND MINE OWNERS Thousands Sleep in Pub-! lie Buildings CAPETOWN, South 21. — Twenty-five workers went on a result of dissa ith the policies of the owners of the diamond diggings at Lichtenbuyg, according to a report from that téwn, Lichtenburg resembled a huge ref- uge camp yesterday with thousands of the strike camping in churches and other public buildings. The men have come in from the diamond fields which are outside of the town. In many cases they have brought their | entire families with them. Picketing of the diamond diggings is going on in spite of the compar effort to disperse the picket line: Hundreds of natives have braved the | growing squads of police to picket | the fields. | Persistent efforts of the Industrial | and Commercial Workers’ South Africa, the native labor organ- ization, to join the South eee Trades Union Congress have bee peatedly disregarded or Sapudiaten by that body. The native union is re- | ported to number more than 100,000} members, Africa, June native thousand z | Union. of | Ex-Trooper Gets Life | Term for Killing Wife, Walter McFall, Ponies member of the State Troopers at Genesee, N. Y the same righteous and patriotic or-| ganization used in clubbing striking| workers all over the United States. | was sentenced in the Hudson County! Court of Oyer id Terminer last night to life imprisonment after a jury, having deliberated for less than! two hours, found McFall guilty of | first degree murder. McFall shot and killed his wife, | Florence Hersey MeFall, in West New York last Jamu | Southern Floods. Destroy | Big Amount of Cotton’ , MEMPHIS, June 21. Thousands of acres of cotton have been destroyed by the recent floods of the White and St. Francis Rivers. “Néarly 1,000,000 peres of land have been flooded by the rising rivers. Thousands of other acres are threatened if the levees which are now near the breaking point are de- stroyed. (The following is, from “Soviet Trade Unions,” by Robert Dunn, pub-| lished by the Vanguard’ PPCse | * * * (Continued) as aids to the Commissariat of War | during this period, the unions exer-) cised other political and economic functions. “They were represented d reetly in the Central Executive Com-! mictee of the government. They took’ the lead in organizing the Supreme Council of “National Economy quently called the Supreme Economie Council) which operated most of the nationalized industries. They organ- ized the central board set up to man- age various industries during that period, and they had a majority of the members on tnese boards. ‘they were practically supreme in the man- agement of individual factories, hav- ing one of their men either as man- ager or at least as assistant manager to share responsibility with the tech- nician in charge of the plant. They also organized the Commissariat ‘of Labor and put one of their leaders at the head of it. In fact this depart-. ment was completely under théir con- | trol, at least at its central headquar- | ters in Moscow. One of the duties of | ) this commmissariat was to enforce de- cisions of the Central Council of; Trade Unions. Through it the unions’ drew up wage scales, drafted all labor | legislation and directed the extensive | | system of social insurance. _ Further- more, the union acquired great iu ence in the Commissariat of Workers’ ; wand Peasants’ Inspection, a supervi! ‘ory organization having extensive powers, used chiefly to resist bureau- Aratic tendencies in the government’ and in state industries, ' This identity with the machinery of government was accompanied by com- pulsory membership in the unions, while union dues were deducted fro; the workers’ wages. The unions nat- « urally received subsidies from the gov- ! ernment during this period, and were not compelled, as they are at present, to rely solely on membership dues and contributions to sustain their regular budget. Under the New Economic Poliey. With the adoption of the New Eco- | nomic Policy (NEP) in 1921, the re- | turn of private trade, and the reor- | -ganiration “a? the governmental, in- TEXTILE WORKERS. | discharge of a militant worker in one | by: (fre-: to Where Kuomintang B PEKING GULF utchers Now Operate — wo OF PECHIHLI TSINGTAO The map shows a sector of the diplomatic and battle front of the mperialist powers and the warlords of the Kuomintang where bids ng made by the Nanking government for support of the foreign in crushing the Chinese working clays. ©The same map shows n of zed by the Japanese for Nanking reactionaries. ulf of Pechihli is not shown on id on the Sovict consulate. ne of Japanese penetra recently the | | { i MAY REJECT PLAN | Discharge | of Militant, Led to Strike | MANCHEST: R, Eng., June 21— A joint central body committee com- posed of employers and union of. ficials has worked out a set of re commendations to be adopted. by th Nelson mill owners association and | the 17,000 workers now out on strike. | Even the emplo: ” press admit that the strikers will probably refuse to | aecept the recommendations. The situation developed out of the of the Nelson mills. The immediate demand of the workers for his re- | state: ment on the job was followed kout of 12,000 operatives, | who declared -themselyes’ on strike. This led 5,000 workers i | the colored. goods mills here to join the strike. The recommendations of the joint committee of hosses and union of- ficials are that the worker be not reinstated, and also that the dismis- sal of a worker shall henceforth not be considered cause for strike ac- tion. This action of the union heads is severely condemned by the strik- ers, particularly the second recom- mendation. an They turned themselves from virtual managers of | industry into defenders and protect- | ors of the workers’ rights as against | those of private employers, as well as) against bureaucratic tendencies in the) state industries. Some of the changes In addition to their important role | that took place as a result of the NEP! to collective agreements”; were the following: The unions be- eame economic collaborators and ad. visers but without any direct respons bility in the management of industry. : They were represented, however, on “committees for drafting the pro- grams of the economic organizations . the designation of undertakings form part of a trus . or to be i, foreign busin lations, the nation of branches of industry in, which private capital may be ad- 1 to Russian industry.” In other s the unions were to maintain the interest in economic mat while giving up the~ very broad powers they had possessed be- fore in this.domain. With the decrease in their economic functions and their growing impor-} tance as independent protective or- ganizations, the unions as we have noted, put themselves on a voluntary’ membership basis and union dues were | paid individually. At the same time’ they instituted the present system of voluntary collective bargaining where- by collective agreements are made after a period of negotiation between jthe union and the employing state trust or private enterprise. There was, also, at least when the Trade Union Congress met in February, sam + 1922, a considerable shifting of weight to the lower branches of the unions and a tendency away from the extra- ordinary centralization of the period of war communism, The introduction of the NEP also. | resulted in the transfer of other fune-| tions previously performed “by * the unions. The Commissariat of Labor, for example, took over the legislative powers of labor protection as well as the administration of labor legisla- tion, It also assumed the role of chiof arbilvator in labor disputés. Like- wise the unions, from then on, acted only in a consultative capacity to the Commissariat of Education. In gen= eral it may be sad that the unions twere denationalized and no longer formed a part of the machinery of the state. Being thus declared free, in- dependent and autonomous _ bodies, their legal status was. rede Nied-imsec- | ! Tientsin, | dustries Shantung with the city of Fsinan, ces, and Peking recently seized by directly southeast of Peking on the map. It is the scene of yester- RI, CITY WORKERS, HEAR BAIL TONIGHT Communist Tours Three States i i June 30, wton Upper unday, July 1,. Finnish District Pieni Mo July 2, Lynn, Mass. July 3, Peabody, Mass July 4, Boston Daily 5, Boston, Council , Lanesville, Mass. July 7, Haverhill, Mass. July 8, Lawrence, Mass, July 9, Lowell, Mass, July 16, Nashua, N. H. , July 11, Wilton and Mil- July 12, West Concord, day, July 13, Lebanon, N. H. (En- field.) Saturday, July 14, Newport, N. H. Sunda July 16, Keene, N. H. Mond: bardsto: Tuesday, July 17, Fitchberg and Ash- barnham. Wednesday, July 18, Maynard, Mass. , Dates for Maine and Vermont will be announced later, FIRE NEGRO WORKERS. 4 PENSACOLA, Fla., June 21.—Ne- gro workers employed by the city of Pensacola are rapidly being removed from their positions by the mayor. July 16, Gardner and Hub- Growth of Soviet Trade Unions dustry, the trade unions altered their tion XV of the Labor Code of 1922.!a success of his particular enterprise. | functions considerably. This section designated the place the! unions still occupy in the economic life of the country. The Code declares, in the first place, that the unions “may appear before the various authorities’ in the name of the wage earners as parties ; they are not liable to registration by the state, but only with the central inter-union federations already in existence. It provides that the unions shall have certain services furnished them by the state, such as Labor Palaces and spe- cified postal, telephone and transport facilities. Other instructions in the} Code concern the organization of shop | committees, which we shall touch on! later in discussing trade union struc-} ture. Still other provisions deal with the unions’ relation to collective agree- ments, work contracts, rules of em- ployment, standards of output, hours) of work, rest periods, apprenticeship, remuneration, settl4ment of disputes {and other matters some of which will be dealt with in later chapters. In gencral this Labor Code defined | the position and rights of the unions under the NEP and laid the basis for the steady development in their power and influence that has been evidenced | since 1922. In considering the transition from war communism to,the NEP we should ‘mention the conffoyersy that_arose in government, party, and trade union concerning the role of the unions un- der the new regime. Trotsky and a! certain element im the unions fought’ to keep them a part of the govern- ment apparatus. Trotsky himself, | while president of the War Council, had issued oraers to the First Revo-! lutionary Labor Army, as it was called jin January, 1920. He saw no reason why the unions should not continue to be at the beck and call of the govern- ment, Lenin, on the other hand, see- ing the conflicts implicit in the eco- nomic regime about to be introduced, advocated the management of the gO by the technical men appointed by the state trusts. The unions, he argued, would have their hands full for a while, at least, ‘de- \fending the interests of the workers both against burcaucracy in the trusts and cxplostation by the private ‘“Nep- men.” He contended that the social- ist state would not be built overnight, that even the “Red Director” under the new economic plan would natur- ally give his first. aaae to makin= Organizer (DAVIS, DEMOCRAT LEADER, FIGHTS FOR RADIO TRUST |\May Be Negotiations Committee Head WASHINGTO} -Willing | jto let. the countr nat they are | jnon-partisan when choosing tools | with which to secure private monop- Joly, the Radio Corporation of Amer- Jica and its associates have. come be- fore the federal trade commi j with an imposing a al comp ainst them be dismi John W. Davis, democratic pre tial nominee in 16 filed by the American Telephone & |Telegraph Co. and the Western Elec jtrie Co., two of the principal de- |fendants and creators of the Radio| |Corporation. Davis signed for hi | law firm, Davis, Polk, Wardwell, | Gardiner & Reed. The Polk in this | : Frank L. Polk, assistant sec lyre ate under the second W - |son administration, | The importance of this incident lies | in the fact that Davis is proposed as chairman of the resolutions commit- tee—the platform making body—at | te—the ‘platform-making body—at | }Houston. As the General Electric is | the original core of the electric power |trust, his professional services to the jpower combine as well as to its off- | shoot, the radio trust, may he ex- d igned the briefs pected to continue when he reaches the convention, He will have the | support, in that ection, of such | ans as Senators , Tyson, Blease, ) power trust polit Bruce, Tydings, Haw Harrison, Ransdell, Simmons, Thom- as, Joe Robinson, George, Edwards! and Bayard, with Finis Garrett, floor leader in the house. Plans to Lure Workers HAVANA.—The increase of Ameri- can investments in Cuba is leading to a demand for larger number of work- ers and agricultural laborers who will work at very low. wages. Plans have been announced for bringing over | workers from Europe, who will be ) Virtual prisoners as they will not have ‘the means to return and must accept such conditions as given them by American imperialists and the Cuban government. Promises wil! be made of land and houses—but on such terms as the government may later} decide. Efforts will be made to find illiter- ate workers in the Canary Islands and Northern Spain who do not know the story of Swiss farmers who came to Cuba in 1918, only to find the “agreement” repudiated by the Cuban government, | The unions should therefore be in-| dependent of governmental machinery | and devote their primary attention to guarding the workers’ interests as} workers. This position was set forth clearly in December, 1921, in a state- ment prepared by a commission of which*Lenin was a member. It said: “On the Trade Union, in relation to socialized concerns, rests the ab- solute duty to safeguard the in- | terests of the workers, to assist | in every way possible the improve- | ment of the material conditions, and constantly to rectify the faults and exaggerations of economic bod- ies in so far as they proceed from Fa: vill atten this TOKIO, Liang, son | ern warlor died at 2 o’cloch rday morni from wounds received when his train was bombed near Mukden on June 4, aida dispatch from Mukden. * * * Japanese-Nanking Tension. SHANGHAI, June 21.—Followin g| the confirmation of the death Chang Tso Lin, northern warlord, his son, the report that the N; jarmies are preparing to march porta of for a campaign against Manchuria is | tension between Nanking regime and the government which declares that it will not tolerate interference with its oc-| cupation of \M. huria. “Call it a protectorate or what you | will,” one Japanese stat n quoted as saying, “Japan intends to| maintain her ‘special position’ in the northern province.” creating fresh the | t Jepanese | Page T Twenty- ay gl Thousand Workers Strike in South Africa Diamond Fic ids sts to Fly From W sur The'strikers are a] 1 St. to Rome El streets, itbreaks the Peasant aid that the the cabinet signa- in the ‘ ministry. ed from intense 1 been engendered by mpted | of hours from hour ettuno the solid |fore the the time ng ort of Jewish } . s in the city, assinations. = Report of the Fifteenth Con- gress of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union The first report in tie: engi les language of the most im- portant Soviet Union Party Congress since Lenin’s death. A 500-page volume containing all reports, decisions and discussions. 75 Cents Please include postage with WORKERS LIBRARY PUBLISHERS 89 EAST 125th STREET, NEW YORK CITY. every cash order, a bureaucratic perversion of! the | machinery: of the state.” | din another way: chief task of the trade unions is, from now onward, to | safeguard at all times in every | possible way the class interests of the proletariat in its struggle with capitalism. This task should be openly given prominence. ‘Trade union machinery must be corres- pondingly reconstructed, reshaped and made complete—there should be organized conflict commissions, | strike funds, mutual aid funds, and | | so. on.” | This was the policy at the beginning! jof the NEP, and it is still the essen:! | tial policy of the Russian unions. The |romarkable economie development of | the country since that date, and the} igrowth in the unions, has not ma-j \ terially modified it. Correction Stefan Radic was yesterday re- ferred to in the columns of THE | DAILY WORKER as’ premier of | Jugo-Slavia. This is an error. Stefan Radic is a leader of the Parliamen- tary opposition and one of the leaders of the Cre atian Peasant Party. [Tre Tie Vege- Tarry Inn KRETCHME" ETARIAN FOOD MPROVEMENTS y MO DIRBCTION St, Cbtistopher St,, Barclay St. Hudson ‘Tubes to Floboken, Lacka- wanna Tall road to, Berkeley BERKELEY HiIGHTS NEW JERSEY. Phone, Fanwood 7463 R 1, ADMISSION 35 Cents. RED PICNIC All the candidates will be there Sunday, June 24 eau Metropolitan Sports League—Artistie Coneert and Jazz Band—Open Air Dancing—Torchlight Parade Vaudeville Program—Refreshments, TICKETS ON SALE AT 26-28 UNION SQUARE. PRESIDENTIAL.- CAMPAIGN t tiful Pleasant. Bay Park Auspices of the Workers (Communist) Party.