The Daily Worker Newspaper, December 1, 1927, Page 4

\ «Where do the figur 4 L n, | q | wall ‘All new members must attend this | frc Course. All others are invited to at- very P i} &J = LONDON FLOOD Page Four aif E DAILY WORKER, EW YORK, THURSDAY, DECEMBER 1, 1927 The Distribution of the National’ Income and the Trotskyist | Opposition (Editor's Note: The Opposition | general income of the country has in the Communist Party of the declined, whereas that of the other Soviet Union has been fabricating classes has increased. This is, the irresponsible rumors and charges | most important fact to be considered about the alleged degeneration | in judging the present si ion.” of the Party and the Soviet Gov- That is how the Trot ts esti- ;mate the results of our work towards | |the socialist transformation of our} society. | Income of Workers Increases. I have before me a copy of the “Control Figures” of the State Plan-| ning Commission of the U S S R} are at best}for 1927-8. This voluminous’ and | |composite book can be properly ap- preciated only after considerable preparatory work. It is not my ob- ject to deal with that now. What jI want to call the reader’s attention jto in my article is that section of} the book which deals with the dis- tribution of the national income. The main figures of that section may be mendously increased. It is clear that |Teduced to the following table which | the share of the working class in the| We Present owing ‘to the lack of ie —.-_@space in the form of relative figures: ernment. In this article, A. Kon, who works in the Commanist Academy, refutes one of their charges by analyzing the actual statistics.) By A. KON. “DEAL wages in 1927 on the same level as they were in’ the fall of 1925. At the same time, the country has undoubtedly become richer, the general national income has increased, the upper lay- ers in the villages have enlarged their reserves very rapidly, the ac- cumulation of private capital, and the trade and speculator has ‘tre- The Income of the Population and Socialized Economy of the U SS R in Percentage of the Total National Income. 1924-25 1925-26 1926-27 1. The Agrarian Population.... . 5.1 51.2 49.3 2. Wage Workers* 5 AL 2h 29.4 8. People of Free Professions 4 4 4 | 4. Artisans and Craftsmen. 3.4 2.8 27 | 5. The bourgeoi 5.5 5.4 48 | 6. Miscellaneous .... 37 3.7 3.8 | 7. Socialized economy. 7.8 8.8 9.6 Total 100. 100. 100. Does this table confirm the con-)of the proletariat, is unfounded. If | tentions of the Opposition concern-|this was so the share of the pro- ing the distribution of the national|letariat in the national income would | income in favor of the propertied| be declining and at a more rapid | classes? On the contrary. The table|rate than that of the other groups | shows the direct opposite. We can!of the population. The growing note without any difficulty that the share of the proletariat in the gen- income of only two groups increased eral income of the country refuses | in the general income of the countr: this absolutely unfounded contention. | ee azed economy, and The Opposition Uses its Imagination. | Me ce oe eae Onc the! On what basis does theOpneaitign other hand the share of the bour-| 1 geoisie, the peasantry and craftsmen | °°? lude that the share of the pro- letariat in the national income of decreases. ; a The table clearly indicates that the|the country is declining. Their relative strength of the proletariat inter Desens certain figures. the economies of the country is in- ‘ eve: Ake euoreoee Sernings (pen creasing along two directions: on the | cébita ee ae compared with 1925 one hand the proletariat builds and| eT according to some figures, 19 strengthens the socialized economic |P°" Cent for the peasants, 26 per cent ‘¢lements and thus guarantees the |r the workers and 46 per cent for furtler raising of its relative | ‘’adesmen and manufacturers.” strength and on the other hand it; We do not know by whom, when inereases its standard of living and | and how these figures were concocted. improves its material welfare. |The figures of the State Planning It is clear from this, by the way, ; Commission give us an entirely dif- that another contention of the Oppo-|ferent picture. If we express the in- sition, namely, that the accumulation |Come of the different groups of the of the elements of socialist econorey|PoPulation in percentages, as com- progeeds exclusively at the expense |Pared with the preceding year, you @will have the following picture: Income of the Population and of Socialized Economy of the US S R in Percentage as Compared with the Preceding Year. 1926-27 ae maravian “Population. 0.6.6 cscs 5 oo 120.8 2. Wage Workers} 149.0 | 3. People of Free Professions. 115.1 | 4, Artisans and Craftsmen. 108.0 5. The bourgeoisie 126.7 | 6. Miscellaneous 132.8 | 7. Socialized economy..... 146. | Total Compared with 1925-26, the year ® | 1926-27 shows an i cent for the pe for the worke 0.1 per cent rease of 7.2 per 18.1 per cent a decrease of bourgeoisie. on the increase | 19 per cent, 26 per cent- and 46 per cent come from? This remains @ secret of the authors of the Oppo-| sition platform. for *This group of workers emb: all those who work for v ing office worl ©ommercial entery servants, etc., not inclu tural laborers. The corresponding | figures for industrial wo inelud- ing transportation were iy. 722. This includes only wages, leav- ing out of calculation extra earnings | and social insurance. j “¥The corresponding figures for ol dustrial workers, builders, and tr: port workers are as follows: 1 and 116.2 (wages only). | (Note: The second and concluding | article on this subject will be pub-! lished in tomorrow's paper). i Boston Young Workers. Start Training Course | Dec. 4; Study of Task) BOSTON Nev. 3 pod Nev. 30,---The | Young Workers League training course on the theory and practice of ee peomprunist movement opens on| unday, Dec. 4, 10 a, m., at 62 C| - bers St, Boston. oes The course will be given by Nat Kay and is divided @ main parts: 1. Conditions of the working class | ler capitalism, 2. Conditions of the working youth under capitalism. | @. Tasks of the Young Workers ie. * and FREI Com- } ea into | INDON, Nov. 30.— London’s| suburbs were experiencing conditions today when rivers their banks after 24 how, rain. y) | signs that the revolution has been |experiments in other countries, us- THE PRESS CC O-n O78 BALL Given by the DAILY WORKER | Saturday Evening Madison Sq. Garden 49th St. and Highth Ave, Education in the Soviet Union By a Chicago School Teacher. N° other aspect of the Russian revo- | lution is of more interest to Amer- | ican school teachers than the educa- tional work that is conducted in the | Soviet Union. The children of today} will be the citizens and leaders of} the workers’ republic tomorrow. And} the extensive educational experi-} ments that are going on in the U. S. R. under the guidance of the work- ers and peasants is one of the surest trye to itself, to the Hepes of the workers of all lands and to the thou- sands who gave their lives for it. *For the Rich Only. There are centers for educational ually in private schools where only the children of the rich can go. There is such a school in Chicago, the Fran- eis Parker, near Lincoln Park. The one best known nationally is con- ducted in Alabama by Marietta John- countries, the old story books were of fairies, princes and knights. son, on spacious grounds—with all pita: facilities for nature and outdoor| sreat deal of it is laughably false work. She travels occasionally and}|2nd silly. The new literature is grounded in reality and will stand the test of science as well as art. elementary education is al education and is carried n in the labor school. First course, gives lectures on her method: The Revolution of 1917 in Ru tore the old social system up by the roots and the educators had a fre field in which to solve the education al penblemee hatin enon s ‘rom 8 to 12. Higher course, from ee t % th rin a ie of “| 2 to 15 or 17. The method is with-| BUDE SOMEONE err ene Sa Se: See ut books. The children are expected tiative and activity. The educational field in the Sc Union is very broad. It include 1. The regular Department of Edi >) study their homes, the street they : on, the village, the government nd its sanitation. They must ob- ti rve and compare. cation. ‘ vag po 2. Village reading rooms Got the Village Excited. ; | libraries. In one village the older children 8. Trade union clubs, classes ana ade a sanitary inspection of the libraries. villag It caused much comment and some discomfort, because some of the villagers were emptying refuse into a stream where others had to their clothes. 4, Classes for adults to liquidate illiteracy and give political education. 5. The army is a center for edu- cation. 6. The magazines. 7. Departments culture, ete. Legacy of Illiteracy. The czar bequeathed to Ru a terrible inheritance of illitera Of Russian recruits for the army, 62 per cent were illiterate, in other coun- tries only 1 to 8 per cent. In some schools the children begin by collecting leaves, s and other | products, and name school. ‘Or th list everytt y see on poster Soviet press, books and of Health, Agri- their street and make t jof the s . The older children work in cl rooms on the laboratory plan. Th students sit around tab! 5 or 6 at a table. The teacher does not occu- . i = ; | py a commanding position, but works cas a | with the children at one of the tables. Gacplannewere made eau cule not Those in one class-room work on one be carried out until 1921 when the, ee fi eine. - corner was turned economically. To Improve Neighborhoods. Diy Naveatied Ta Wactoried | The first topic taken up relates to = ee > |the homes and families of the chil- Many of the factories in Russia are| dren and thg relation between their now operating day nurseries and kin- family and other families in the dergartens. The object is to supply | neighborhood. Suggestions are made a normal play-space, a good diet, rest, | for reorganizing the life of the neigh- beter A Se rs ae borhood on a more workable basis. i © | “ps teachers in Chicago is devoting her | i Sscond ea students take up chit time to workers’ nurseries and is try- | rs Tad sete. ing to get the support of trade unions. | Third year, the country or district. Those who attended The DAILY) Fourth year, the province. WORKER bazaar in Chicago saw! Fifth year, the Soviet Union. her play-room for children in opera-; “Then follows a study of the com- tion there. The “kids” were certainly | mercial and economic relations of the enjoying themselves. | chief countries of the world. There is at present one day nur-{. The administration and discipline sery in the public schools of Chicago,{#. #11 schools is thru committees of located ih the Lincoln School on the} Students. The highest committee con- North Side. sists of: the. principal, assistant, a 7 ne representative from the janitors and ee the Rates : the president of the student commit- A new literature is being written teess himself a student. for children in Russia, As in other The Professional Schools. Next above the labor schools is the professional schools. | 1, City schools to study commerce and government. | mostly built on folklore and doings | A! wash 3. Peasant schools to study agri- culture. All are given much practical work. Faculty and students work together, | with the laboratory method. | Learn Art of Revolution. In the higher technival schools, lee- |turing has been abandoned. Students are not examined, but are judged on what they accomplish from day to day. | he universities are specialized | technical schools, for studying cer- |tain problems. They do not maintain | |large equipment of their own. Stu- |dents of electricity use some well- equipped elect: 1 plant? Students | of hydraulics use some hydraulic plant, mining engineers study in the mines, ete. In Moscow is located the University | D) mun: dents here become S. The.very highest places of learning, | are the institutes for technical train- ing of Soviet leaders. For example: 1. The Chemico-Pharmaceutical In-: | stitute. | Institute of Sanitation and-Hy- giene. 8. Central Aero-Hydrodynamic In- stitute. There are many others. 10-Hour Day, No Mini- mum Wage LawinN.J.; Babies Born in Mills 1 NEWARK, N. J., (FP) Nov. 30.— New Jersey’s place in the scale of labor legislation and her rank indus- trially are contrasted with the other | United States by the Consumers’ League, which says that the state is “third in manufacturing on a basis of ratio of industrial production to area.” But Jersey has no minimum wage law, no legal provision for meals or |for rest period, and does not enforce her no-night-work-for-women law. The working day is 10 hours and the | work week 54 hours. Jersey has no |regulations regarding the employ- |ment of women before and after child- birth. (In the Passaic wool textile mills women workers have actually |given birth to their babies while on |the job, the 1926 strike disclosed.) |up to the standard of more progres- !sive states is the program of the Con- sumers’ League. Fighting the Na, }tional Manufacturers Ass’n. pro- jposals on child labor is part of. the hedule and further efforts to secure Naw. | LIGHT Window Cleaners’ * Who are on strike the , HEIT 1927 THE now play: 133 MacDougal Street. Performance every evening (except The first medern Labor play GANGSTERS—THUGS—SCABS “THE CENTURIES” By Em Jo Basshe New Playwrights Theatre 40 Commerce St. BENEFIT PERFORMANCE © for Friday, December 2 TICKETS may he had at the box office of the theatre or by phoning the Union, ORCHARD 2277. Buy your tickets at The DAILY WORKER office, 108 East i4th St. and help The DAILY WORKER and this theatre. The NEW PLAYWRIGHTS THEATRE production of PROVINCETOWN PLAYHOUSE Matinee Saturday at 2:40. and the so-called prosperity in the Ford factories. STRIKE!!! ~§ Protective Union now for 8 weeks fo 2. Factory schools to train appren-|the enforcement of the night work | | tices, | STRIKE! STRIKE!! dl | i | Beis. 3 ing at the , Telephone Spring 8363. | Mon¢ including Sunday at 8:40, to debuak company unionism Pushing Jersey’s labor legislation | ‘Em Jo Basshe’s | | THERE were, times on Tuesday In a Soviet Union School. | | | ily jily arrives in the new land of prom. 1 | \- | | { | { | John Galsworthy’s National night at the little theatre in directors man- aged to crowd the entire population of Hester and Rivington Streets on to the tiny stage, and shiver my tin-bers, if I did not grope in my pockets for a eoin to purchase a badly-needed necktie when one of the most de- Em Jo Basshe the Greek restaurant keepers on Blue Island Avenue, Chicago. looked real. “The Centuries” pleased me might- and no matter what capitalist critics may say about it, a cynical first-night audience that included Otto Kahn, the white-moustached an- gel of many a flop, laugh@d oceasion- ally and applauded vigorously at the end. Indeed umless I miss my guess this play should survive many snow storms and should hang up the scalps | of thousands of laughs and sobs in its | wigwam before its corpse is carted to the cemetery. * From somewhere in Russia when pogroms were in flower, a Jewish fam- * e only to find nothing much of what they expected, but plenty of promise. There was little of the an- gelie about this family, with the ex- ception of the daughter Gitel, a pretty | | girl played without effort and with success by Sylvia Feningston. This family runs into a human environ- ment, as devoid of prosaic virtue as a Dostoievsky novel. Naturally there was a rabbi in the immigrant group. Indeed no well- regulated orthodox Jewish circle seems to be complete without one. And what happens to this group in the not tender environs of Hester Street, from the rabbi to the youngest member of it gives a picture of the life of an emigrant family that keeps an audience in the most uncomfort- able collection of chairs ever placed on a mountain slope, until the final ecur- tain goes down. There is humor, pathos, tragedy and comedy in the play. The business of making a living gtrikes one as appall- ing, as appalling it is, even under the mest favorable circumstances present- ed by this robber system of ours. Dog eats dog and. both get eaten by other dogs. There are the gangsters who prey on the unarmed only later on to get preyed on by bigger and better gangsters.. They work with the police and the politicians. They participate on both sides of a labor dispute and gyp both sides. When their useful- ness is at an end they get bumped off. This is the soxdid truth. Nothing but promise in this land of promise for the many, but “the Shameth” of a synagogue, and the laziest member of the immigrant group, gets prosperous and becomes boss of his own pawnshop, tho he has spent his life eating of every one else’s plate and shunned honest labor s would the curse of an orthodox bi, in his lean and hungry days. There are some intense dramatic | Cherry Lane, vulgarized into Com- | | merce Street, when it seemed as if the { | | | | “The Centuries” Brings Laughs and Sobs “WILLIAM WILLIAMS. ~As Nanki-Poo lightful no g ues| Gilbert and Sullivan’s cheerful operet- that ever appeared outside of an O,| ta at the Royale Theatre. Henry yarn, peddled his wares in a} __ | neighborhood whose inhabitants seem- : ee ed to be engaged in the business of | lowing the fire in the garment fac- selling things to each other much like | tory is a fine piece of mass acting. in “The Mikado,” The wrath of the rabbi against the The thing | Strikers and the defiance of the work- ers is calculated to make a working- class audience hiss and applaud. vertheless one cannot help feeling a little sympathy for a rabbi who sees his old fashioned Jehovah biting the dust before the more efficient god of Tammany Hall and the modern machine, who sees his lazy “Shameth” secure control of his synagogue and finally kick him out for non-payment of rent, compelling him to make for the Bronx, perhaps to beg for shelter in the co-operative apartmggts owned and controlled by atheist Peaders of the Freiheit. It is a sad fate. John Dos Passos shares honors with the author in the marvellous ingen- iousness he displayed in designing the setting. He manages to cram into three levels of this wee stage, the following sets: the back room of a saloon, a candy store, a pawn shop, a brothel, a synagogue, a factory, a ten- ement house apartment and a garment factory office. The labor angle in the play suffer- ed somewhat because of the author’s | failure to put a hat on his labor lead- er and his tendency to make his work- ing girls fall into poetry. Particu- larly deserving of the hammer is this love-lorn fellow’s observation to Gitel that her hands were like drumsticks beating on the heart of the world, Fiddlesticks! A labor organizer with- out a hat could not organize a shoe- black west of Seventh Avenue and one whose poetic soul craves for any- thing less understandable than “The Shooting of Dan McGrew” might as well keep away from the waterfront. We advise Mr. Basshe to put a hat on his little hero. The play covers a multitude*of sins and should be seen, as well as read about. Deserving of commendation for at ing and eye-appeal are Cecile Lifter as the mother of an immigrant fam-" {ily and Sylvia Feningston as her daughter Gitel; Lawrence Bolton as the rabbi; the two pleasant rogues— the best of the lot; Herbert T. Berg~- man as Yoshke the gangster, and Herman Bandes as the “Shameth.” —T. J. OF, “THE BANSHEE” OPENS AT DALY’S TONIGHT. Daly’s Theatre will re-open this evening with a new play, “The Ban- shee” which deals with the age ‘aa folklore of the Irish. Among the cast of players are: Marion Kerby, Barry Maccollum, Joseph Brennan, Herbert Janson, Richard Whorf, Kitty Collins and Edward Favor. W. I. Hetenstall and Ralph Colliman are moments in the play. The scene fol-!the authors. 45 St., W. of B'way Eves, 8:40 BOOTH Matinees Wed. & Sat. at 2:40 Winthrop Ames ESC APE Presents New Play with Leslie Howard Theatre, 41 St. W. of B’way Eys.8:30. Mts. Wed.&Sat.2:30 “The Trial of Mary Dugan” By Bayard Veiller. with ANN HARDING—REX CHERRYMAN The Deseit Song nd Year iMPERIAL THEA,, 48 Bt.W.of B'way Evenings 8:30 Mats. Wed. and S 2:30 AWALLS:-: with MUNI WISRNFREND Mts, Th..W.58 S John Golden “Wetlesat. Thea., 65 W. 35th. Ev. Mats. Thurs, & Sat. BASIL SYDNEY and MARY BELLIS | wath Garrick Players in the Modern TAMING of the BHREW | Thurs. —— — The Theatre Guild presents PORGY| ie Th. W. 42d, Bvs.s: Republic Mats, Wed.&Sat.,2:49 Bernard Shaw’s Comedy) * DOCTOR'S DILEMMA Th, W. 52d, Evs. 8:20 Mats.Thurs,&Sat.,2:20 Guild Max Reinhardt’s “Midsummer Night’s Dream” CENTURY e"iiia'st." "iivn, 8:00 Mats. Fri, and Sat. at 3 Chanin’s W. 45 St. Royale. Mts.Wed. Except Mon, & T Winthrop Ames Gilbert & Sullivan Opera Co in Mon. e! ERLANGER’S cy 44 St.Evs,8.30 Thurs, & Sat. THE MERRY MALONES- with GEORGE M, COHAN A TyRACUL. -—Eve. Post, FULTON *, in the new Frances Starrs", IMMORAL ISABELLA? with JULIUS MeVICKER Las Th. W. 48th St, Mats. Wed. & Sat, | ‘Tlop’s Thea., W.43 St.Ewa.8.30 Henry Miller’s yyatinees Thurs & Sat, Grant Mitchell ', 3e0:™. Conan’s! American Farce. THE BABY CYCLONE Wm. Fox presents the Motion Picture SUNRISE pw mrestea 2, F. W, MURNAU! By HERMANN SUDERMANN : Symphonic Movietone Accompanimen' Thea., 42a St., W. of B'way)” Times Sq. pwitn DAILY, 2:30-81 iY 4