The Daily Worker Newspaper, October 28, 1927, Page 3

} ‘mericans, Sidney Stayer him Stein. ——so THE DAILY WORKER, NEW YORK, FRIDAY, OCTOBER 28, 1927 S oviet Ru -agtc Three ssia After Ten Ye Report of the American Trade Union Delegation to USSR The following is the seventh instalment of the re- port of the first American Trade Union Delega- tion to Soviet Russia, in the words of the delega- tion. The report will be published in The DAILY WORKER in successive issues until completed. Personal Disability and Old Age Pensions. worker adjudged by the physicians of the 44 Commissariat of Health and the Social Insurance Department to be so injured or dis abled as to be permanently incapacitated i paid a somewhat different scale of benefits, Cepending upon the degree of permanent dis- ability and whether the cause was industrial or non-industrial. for those who have been disabled from in dustrial causes, with the following benefit scales: (1) those who have suffered a total Joss of earning power and need some one as a caretaker, 100 per cent; (2) those suffering a total loss of earning power but not needing a caretaker, 75 per cent; (3) those unable to work systematically but only occasionally, 50 per cent; (4) those able to work regularly but with greatly lowered capacity, 331/3 per cent; (5) those able to work regularly but with a loss of 15 to 30 per cent earning ca- pacity, 162/3 per cent; (6) those suffering loss of less than 15 per cent earning capacity, 10 per cent. Benefits are only paid to the first three categories of those who have been disabled from non-industrial causes, with a scale amounting to 66 2/3, 441/2, and 3831/3 per cent, respectively. The average monthly payments in March, 1927, for the first cate- gory of those disabled from industrial causes was $22.50, and $17 for the first category of the non-industrially disabled. Those benefits also serve as old-age pen- sions. They are not paid automatically to those who have reached a given age yet are still able to wor. with undiminished capacity, but are given to those who for one cause or another have suffered either a partial or total loss of earning power. Although the require- ment of eight years’ prior employment for those over 50 who are disabled from non-in- dustrial causes does debar some, in practice most aged persons will be included, and the benefits will be paid irrespective of the earn- ings of a son or other members of the family. One must conclude.that the Russian system of labor legislation affords the fullest protec- tion, within the standard of living permitted ky the productivity of industry, of any coun- try in the world. The workers are in prac- “Dunish" Magruder By Giving Him New Rostrum at Capital. WASHINGTON, D. C., Oct. 27.—/| With Admiral Magruder appealing to President Coolidge in the matter of his disciplining by Secretary of the Navy Wilbur, and with the “Big Navy” people in the House and the Senate both demanding that Mag- rudder charges that the U. S. Navy is not as efficient as it should be, there seems to be ample provision for a lot of advertisement of the govern- ment’s fighting machine. Magrudder is to be set to work on} a definite plan for reorganization of the navy, it is intimated at the de- partment building today. At any rate, all agree, he will be held in| Washington or near it to furnish the necessary publicity in the shape of testimony before congressional com- mittees. proved Mis the outcome In response to Americans in Opium Scandal PARIS, Oct. 27.--In an opium raid in a Parisian suburb, police seized two 1 Abra- AT BUY THE “U.S. Given Lower Tart (Custis Sees Cal; | Rates Pending Definite Settlement With France Cabinet Meeting under the Presi- dency of M. Doumergue, today ap- PARIS, Oct. | Bokanowski’s explanation of the basic principles of the provisional agreement upon with the United States. M. Bokanowski explained that | the United States has been granted tariff privileges equal to those accorded Germany in the recent Franco-German definite settlement. difficult conditions facing the families | of workers killed in the Vienna up- | ‘here has been formed in Moscow the} day was receiving large numbers of | “Avtodor’’—a society whose object is congratulations upon his verdict. gress voted | to promote the development of auto- |mobiles and road improvement in U.} been any other verdict,’’ s |S. S.R. The chairman of the newly- visings this summer, the Praesidium | of the All Union Trade Con $5,000 for Austrian relief. THE \juries, bad conditions of employment, and ‘losses resulting from accidents, illness, old} age, unemployment, and the death of wage) jearners, which menace the lives of workers in lother lands. In no other country of which we | know is there such a systematic protection jfor mothers and children and for tired and ill workers. Unemployment Insurance and Protection. NEMPLOYMENT is a serious problem in | the U. S. S. R., as in other European jcountries. On January 1, 1926, the 281 labor jexchanges showed a total of 950,000 out of! There are six categories | work. This rose to 1,250,000 in December, 1926, and to 1,407,000 by March, 1927. In that month the unemployment rolls were purged of those who had found other employ- |ment and by virtually dropping those who had | not previously been employed for hire. This {caused a drop in April to a registered total lof 1,055,000, which decreased to 992,000 in July, but this does not include the unemployed ‘in smaller towns where there are no labor lexchanges. That this number is large ii |shown by the fact that on April 1, 1927, 1, | 774,000 trade unionists, or 18.1 per cent of ithe total union membership, were unem- |ployed. Since the unemployment among non- jtrade unionists is doubtless higher propor- |tionately than among members, it is probable that at least 2,000,000 Russian workers are unemployed. These are very largely unskilled |workers, primarily recruited from the peas- jants who have recently come to the towns. | This movement to the towns, induced as it is by the higher economic and cultural standards }of life among city workers, is probably the | chief cause of unemployment, since the migra- |tion to the city is greater than urban industry can absorb. It cannot be denied that unemployment is one of the most serious problems which the government faces. To meet it the govern- ment has adopted three methods: unemploy- ment insurance; starting special projects to give work to those who lack it; and education of the unemployed. The most highly qualified workers and juveniles just entering employment are paid benefits without any prior condition of em- vloyment, but this is required of all others. For a non-highly qualified manual worker to receive unemployment benefits, he must have »een employed for hire, if a union member, | | NOT “ALL WORK AND NO PLAY” /and for non-unionists five years. For other salaried employes the per- od required for union members is three years tice means that the members of Class C re ceive a higher percentage of their earnings than do Class A. The average monthly pay- ment in March, 1927, to the unemployed in the first group was $8.50; the average for the Because of these limitations the number re- ceiving benefits amounts approximately to half the number registered at the labor ex-|remainder was $5.70. changes, and to less than this proportion of} The usual practice of increasing the amount all those seeking employment. In June, 1927, | of unemployment benefits according to the the total number to whom benefits were paid | number of dependents is also followed. Those amounted to 542,000. |with one dependent are given an additional A number of factors are taken into consid-!sum amounting to 15 per cent of the sum paid eration in fixing the scale of benefits. The jin benefits; those with two dependents are country is divided into six belts and the aver-| paid an additional 25 per cent, and those with age earnings of all workers computed for|three or more, 35 per cent. The entire amount each. Skilled manual workers and salaried|received by the worker in benefits, however, employes with a higher education (Class A) jmust not exceed one-half of his previous earn- are paid one-third of the average earnings in| ings. that belt; semi-skilled manual workers and| The government and the municipalities higher grade salaried employes (Class B)|have also been making earnest efforts to pro- are paid one-fourth of the average; and un-| vide work for the unemployed not eligible for skilled manual workers and all the remaining | benefits. The labor exchanges for most cities salaried employes (Class C) are paid one-| have set up cooperative labor societies where fifth. This is an interesting compromise be-| ihe unemployed can work for six months in tween the flat-rate system of benefits, irre-| producing some articles, nerally of a handi- spective of earning power, as in the British|craft nature. At the end of six months the system, and the payment of a percentage of! workers are replaced by another set of un- individual earnings. Since the base upon|employed. The expenses for this work are in which the percentages for the three groups |large part met from the sales of the products, are computed is commento all—the average! but deficits are met from the government | earnings of the belt—the amounts given to} funds, and these will amo each will vary. So in Moscow Class A re-| 1926-1927 to approximately ceives $13 a month, Class B, $9.50, Class C,| works, particularly railway for the year 000,000. Public construction, are for at least one year; if not a member of a $7.50. Since Class C, however, when at work,/ another means of absorbing the unemployed, tice protected against unduly long hours, in-] union, he must have been employed for three |earned much less than Class A, this in prac-}and an extra sum of $5,500,000 will be spent Commerce | | ister of tariffs reached | | “I-do-not-choose-to-run” treaty, pending | it | | Mayflower. of negotiations for a bishtg letter describi | a letter describing the MOSCOW, Oct. NEWSSTANDS DAILY WORKER | founded society is Ossinsky. WORKERS PARTY CAMPAIGN FUND ‘existing. About two weeks remain until Election Day. The Workers | (Communist) Partly is waging a campaign to enlighten the work. ers on the vital issues that are involved. Are you collecting money among your shop-mates for this fight? What have you been doing to help this work? The Workers (Comniunist) Party needs Much work must be done in the comparatively short time that remains—the printing of literature, the arrangement of indoor rallies, special editions of The DAILY WORKER and The Freiheit, _ ete. Don’t wait—do it at once. Fill out the blank below with your contribution and forward, to the Workers Party District Office, 108 E. 14th St., City. | William W. Weinstone, 108 East 14th Street, City. | Enclosed please find my contribution of............for the election | Kollantai's health was unable to Cyclone Neam His Janeix) | Campaign, MY NAMS TEAS ee. eees Lean edebiavd es cock coe ovat || withstand the Mexican altitude. " ey, || Present Soviet ambassador RIO JANEIRO, Oct, 27.—Heavy | Address ... , seeeeeeeeeeecesees Union affiliation .......... Make all checks payable to Wm. W. Weinstone. MADRID, Cot. | arrived at the | Madrid, at 2: 7x Ruth Fetafe forty minutes, your help at once. Kollontai Appointed 1} | | dered to return to her old pia ‘Declares Candidacy; Rivera Dictatorship 1 S E N D YO U R | WASHINGTON, Oct. 27.—The Re- publican Presidential Race for 1926— after marking time since the famous statement— was described today by capital poli- | ticians as being really under way. | Senator Charley Curtis of Kansas, | republican leader of the senate, spent | |a_ week-end with Coolidge on the In less than forty-eight | | hours after getting off the yacht he |informed his friends in Kansas that Ye aS! he can be considered a candidate, U.S. S. R. Workers Aid ee Vienna Revolt Victims Found Soviet Society MOSCOW, Oct. 15. (By Mail).—| to Develop Automobiles | j,.14. 14 (By Mail).— Petlura, Ukrai This society will promote the broad ; not upon his act, but upon the Jewish ‘use in the Union of automobiles and} pogroms in the Ukraine, instigated other means of mechanical transport! by Petlura. as well as the building af new roads. and the improvement of those already Ruth Elder in Madrid Aerodrome, | this afternoon, having ! flown from Lisbon in three hours and | Ambassador to Norway; Maker to Go to Mexico. | Workers Union. {| | MOSCOW, Oct. 27.—Alexandra | | Kollantai, recently Soviet Ambas- | | | sadress to Mexico, has been or- | | post cal | ambassadress to Norway. Mme. | Maker to Norway, has been ap- | pointed to the Mexican embassy. purpose during 19 About 110,000 of the unemployed are cared r by these methods. As many of the unemployed as possible are being trained for the skilled Central Institute of Labor nches, where the most minute and caref stiga- tions of the proper working m s for the variou being Many of fits to th eral furr in order where t ons ar d taught. litional bene- and in g@n- such mem- y f ork in lo- are is a demand for labor, e€ unions pay 1employed members a The public labor exchang ployers and employ and hav monopoly of placement work b jenly are private emplo; hibited from placing we ployers themselves are not allowed to hire men \independently. During 1926 the labor exe |changes made between 1,900,000 and 2,000,000 placements. Union men are given the pref- jerence in hiring, and non-union men are not given work so long as there unemployed unionists who are capable of filling the posi- tions. This preference applies to the union group as a whole and not merely to those of @, particular craft. Thus, if there are unem- ployed metal workers who are able to work in the food industry, they are given work in the latter industry ahead of non-unionists, An employer has to give at least a trial to the workers who are referred to him, but he may discharge them within a week without any loss to himself. After they have passed this trial period, however, they can be dropped y with the consent of the shop committee, ject to appeal to the union and the Com- missariat of Labor, and even then must be paid a dismissal wage equal to two weeks’ earnings. This makes it difficult in practice to discharge men for inefficiency. The ef- fects upon discipline, however, by no means as bad as might be thot The work- ers on the whole vitally i ssted in pro- duction, since they share ir benefits, so that they apply moral to the chronic , absentees and those inclined to idle. are free to em- been given a state. Not agencies pro- but the em- are are the sure (To be continued in tomorrow’s DAILY WORKER.) (The full report of the American Trade Union Delegation to Soviet Russia, as pub- lished here by courtesy of International Publishers, can also be obtained in book form at all bookstores.) Paris Papers Report New Revolt Against PARIS, Oct. 27—Reports from | the Spanish border appearing in‘ ; | Paris newspapers declare that a} | new revolt has broken out against | | the Rivera regime and that large | numbers of troops are being con- centrated on the frontier. | Groups of revolutionists are said | | to be concentrating in the Repub- | {lie of Andorra. oe I WV ' a © Praise Verdict in To Be Published in the . Special November 7 Issue Schwartzbard Trial PARIS, Oct. 27.—Samuel Schwartz- acquitted yesterday of the {charge of murdering General Sarnow jan bandit leader, to- | “T don’t ‘see how there could have Schwartzbard who accepted the ver- | dict as an expression of public opinion ¥ The Daily Worker, 33 First FULL NAME \Nicaraguan Liberals | Did Not Sack Towns § RUSSIAN REVOLUTION Send not less than 25 cents with every name to St., New York, N. Y. FULL NAME MANAGUA, Nicaragua, Oct. 27. — Denials were made today of reports | that General Sandino, Liberal leader, had sacked the towns of Somoto and | Grande. Elder | ~*'U.S. S..R. Metal Workers’ Clubs MOSCOW, (by Mail). — More than iF | $330,000 has been donated for the | [construction of workers’ clubs by the |f | | Central Committee of the Metal | t Earthquake in Tokio | LONDON, Oct. 27.--An earthquake | of serious proportions occurred in Tokio today, according to an exchange | telegraph dispatch. | damage has been done in Ponta Gros- sa, Para, by a cyclone according to reports received here today. GREETINGS—Accepted from workingclass organizations at $200 per full page (frac- tions of a page on this basis) and $1.50 per inch. greetings, ORDER A BUNDLE OF THE DAILY WORKER For the November 7th Meetings and for Distribution. RATES—$1.50 per hundred copies TOTAL Be sure your organization sends its r owing Pe