The Daily Worker Newspaper, October 27, 1927, Page 3

| | | Soviet THE DAILY WORKER, NEW YORK, THURSDAY, OCTOBER 27, 1927 Uussl fter Ten Ye ALS Report of the American Trade Union Delegation to USSR The following is the sixth instalment of the re- port of the first American Trade Union Delega- tion to Soviet Russia, in the words of the delega- tion. The report will be published in The DAILY WORKER in successive issues until completed, Labor Laws and Social Insurance Hours of Work and Rest. EFORE the war the Russian workers la- | | idomestic servants and seasonal workers desig- about to become mothers are inated by the Commissariat of Labor, longer! months’ rest with pay before giving birth to} There are also nominal éight-hour positions though exceptions have been made for the{ jat which the lunch time is included, so that |iatter in the case of the telephone and textile the net working time is but seven to seven industries and for hospitals. The night shift | and 2 half hours. Because of the difficulty of fixing rigid maximum’ hours for agricultural workers, is uniformly an hour shorter than the day |shift for the given industry. Women workers at manual labor who are allowed two jhours are permitted when fixed by mutualla child and an additional two months after- ; {agreement of employers and the unions. This|wards, bored 9.9 hours per day. In some indus-| gives the unions the task of keeping the hours tries, such as coal mining, the 12-hour day for these workers down as far as possible. was actually in force. A considerable amount of overtime lengthened still further the actual working day. All this has been changed by the revolu- tion. The Labor Code of Russia fixes eight hours as the maximum day’s work. Since it is provided that there must be 42 hours of continuous rest at week-ends or on the occa- sion of holidays the work day on Saturday is only six hours. Workers in especially disagreeable or dan- gerous occupations are granted a still shorter work day. Engraving and lithography, to- gether with the more objectionable jobs in the tobacco industry, have a seven-hour day; the work day of coal miners and indeed of all un- derground workers is six hours. The hotter jobs in the glass industry and in zine smelting have also a six-hour day; in the manufacture of lead substances only three hours of work are required. This is thought necessary in view of the very definite health hazard. Of- fice workers are employed for six hours a day and 36 hours a week. This is due more, however, to the historical conditions than to the irksomeness of the labor. The actual working day is frequently short- er than six hours. The six-hour day in the mines is from bank to bank, or from the mouth of the mine. Since it generally takes half an hour or more for the miner to get to the place of work, this means that he spends not more than five hours at work. We also found it was the practice around the glass furnaces and blowers to take periodic rests amounting to one-third of the time, and so, in practice, to be at work only four hours a day. It is also generally the custom to have alternating gangs of workers at the hot roll- ing machines, so that although the worker is in the rolling mill for eight hours, he is at work four hours. MONCADA; PRICE FOR SELLING-OUT MOSCOW, | | Marines to “Supervise” | Nicaragua Elections | werkers’ WASHINGTON, Oct., 26. — Altho Secretary of State Kellogg issued a public statement today declaring that “the United States is not going to select any candidate for the presi- dency of Nicaragua,” the State De- partment has already placed its stamp of approval on one potential candidate and barred another from the elections. The candidate who has met with the approval of the State Depart- ment is General Moncada, who, altho he led the liberal forces at the be- ginning of the revolt against Diaz, surrendered after negotiations with Henry Stimson, representative of President Coolidge. The blessing be- stowed on the Moncada candidacy by the State Department is regarded as Moneada’s price for the sell-out. The Coolidge Administration will maintain a large force of marines in Nicaragua to “supervise” the clec- tion. Since Moncada's All manual institutions. als have been killed. | These are the maximum normal hours for various occupations. Overtime is permitted in certain cases provided that it does not ex- Clerical workers, because their work is less severe, are given a total of three in- stead of four months. When the mother re- turns to work she almost always finds a nur- sery or creche where she may leave her child. \She also is given a half hour out of every |ceed 120 hours per year, nor average above {three and a half hours in which to nurse it. | | foreign delegations to the November | celebrations will arrive in Leningrad | on October 13th. | | They are: third German worke: ») delegation 60 strong; Belgian wor! jers’ delegation 15 strong and Swi: delegation also 15 strong.) | Representatives of the foreign work- ers’ delegations will be invited to the | jubilee session of the Central Exec- utive Committee, whose earnings do not exceed 100 roubles per month benefit by this. | The general amount of these credits is fixed by the trade unions jointly with the cooperatives and State trade The credits to Moscow workers in the current year are fixed at 5 million roubles from October 20, surrender, | workers will be provided on credit | nearly a thousand Nicaraguan liber-| with winter goods to the value of 1% | fk months’ earnings of the recipient. |, PEKING. Oct. two hours on any two successive days. The ‘first two hours of overtime are paid for at!are required to furnish appropriate |the rate of time and a half, and succeeding | for jhours at double time. That the permission to prepared foods to those in hot or unsanitary juse overtime is not being abused can be seen| occupations, from the fact that even in 1923 and 1924, when the economic situation was more diffi- cult and overtime was consequently more re- sorted to, the overtime amounted on an aver- jage to less than three-tenths and two-tenths|half is given two weeks’ vacation annua ef an hour daily. Today the work day in manufacturing averages 7.6 hours. When the six-hour day in mining is considered, together vith the deductions which have been men- tioned, it is probably conservative to estimate that the actual working week of the average Russian industrial worker is somewhat under 44 hours. This is a shorter work week than we have in the United States. The foregoing hours of work are for adult males. Children under 14 years of age are prohibited from working in industry and those from 14 to 16 are only allowed to work four hours daily, while those from 16 to 18 are on a six-hour day. Many factories have set up schools in which these juveniles are given training during the hours in which they are not employed, nearly 100,000 being given such education last year. In order to prevent the employers from refusing to hire juvenile labor because of these restrictions and hence swelling the ranks of the unemployed, firms are required to have these young workers form 10 per cent of their force. Juveniles under 16 are prohibited from working at night between the hours of 10 p. m. and 6 a. m., as are women normally, al- KELLOGE BOOSTS\“emas 242i CHANG MURDER For i nace TEN IN EFFORT ~ TOCURB UNREST | Fears Revolt; Conducts! Reign of Terror Oct. 26—The fir PEKING, Oct. 26.—Ten | students, charged with opposi |were executed today by the Credit on Easy Terms |churian war lord. In the last two} Given Workers in USSR MOSCOW, U.S.SR., ; Nai Oct, 15-—To help workers to provide | Tt in an effort to curb growing revo-| themselves with ready-made clothes, | under-clothing and foot wear and also with such things as furniture etc., long term credits are given to work- ers in the U. S. S. R. on easy terms. days twenty students have | Fearing a wide-spread revolt, (By Mail.) jhas been carrying on a reign lutionary sentiment. Demonst against Chang and against and office workers Tientsin. Tn addition to the executions, patrols cover the streets at them. { * * *. Chang Bombs Civilians. | Great Wall, a military airplan deen dom : About two weeks remain until Election Day. (Communist) Party is waging a campaign to erlighten the work- ers on the vital issues that are involved. Are you collecting money among your shop-mates for this. fight? What have you been doing to help this work? ( The Workers (Communist) Party needs your help at once, | Much work must be done in the cemparatively short time that | remains-—the printing of literature, the arrangement of indoor) rallies, special editions of The DAILY WORKER and The Freiheit, | i jtute for rubber has been discovered the Roumanian throne, in which for- | by the Bureau of Standards, it. wag |™er Crown Prince Carol is the cen-/| ete. Don’t wait—do it at once. Fill out the blank below with your contribution and forward to the Workers Party District Office, 108 E. 14th St., City. William W. Weinstone, 108 East 14th Street, City. Enclosed please find my contribution of... ; British campalgn. “My fame ta. .... Dee, dR ete Re monopoly on plantation rubber, Address .....s.ccseee DU athe +++, Onion affiliation ..........0...| Purther tests will be made to deter- Make all checks payable to Wm. W. Weinstone. ;Chang Tso-lin's army droppe {bombs upon i | day by | quarters, The Workers The statement said we been led. WASHIN ars to be Oct. a@ setisfac ory jannounced today. It is called Guayule rubber | Mexico and Califcrnin. in an effort to break the mine the commercial possibili Guayule rubber, | reactionary regime of Shang Tso-lin, been | secretly killed by Chang Tso-lin. | Japan, | . which has been backing Chang, have, Hides Scramble for recently taken place in Manchuria. A number of executions are also re- . : ported to have taken place recently in} Thron f R . | H Martial law, recently declared by | 6 0 umana t Chang, is being drastically enforced. | , sale arrests are taking place. Mounted stopping pedestrians and questioning —Flying over the | jast night. i upon Taiyuanfu, capital of | sued by General Averescu’s “Fe Vravinee, it was announced to- |Party” strongly protesting against Marshal Chang Tso-lin’s head- | arrest of former Minister Manoilescu | & considerable ernment of Premier Bratianu. i damage had been done, and a great} inumber of civilians are reported to! iU. S. May Fight ¥ @XICO Prince Carol, whose friends are seck- | Instead ef Britain Guayule Rubber Is Good nounced for the love of Madame Lu produced from a shrub grown in} | Investigation | | to find a rubber substitute was or-| for the election | dered by the Commerce Department ‘abled we |throughout the period of his disability. Temporary Disability. an employed worker is temporarily pre vented by either accident or iliness from working, he is paid the full amount of his average earnings for the lost time without de- ductions for any waiting period. This is as true in those cases where he is disabled from non-industrial causes as in those which have an industrial origin. ployed, however, he does not receive more han his unemployment allowance if he is tak- en ill. The average payment for each dis- rker in March, 1927, was at the rate of § per month. The worker is, in addi- tion, furnished with free medical attention This = It should also be mentioned that industries| medical service is not confined to the general Vacations VERY industrial worker who has been | employed for at least five months and a with pay. Those employed in especially ar- |dustry, are given as much as a month. }where their expenses are paid. {homes, which are generally the estates of the jformer aristocracy, are one of the most inter- esting features of the new Russia. | The System of Social Insurance. | IRTUALLY every employed worker in Russia comes under the protection of this system of social insurance. At present 8, tant features of the system are: (a) Paymen for temporary disability resulting from acci- dents or illness; (b) Payments for permanent |Gisability and old age pensions; (c) Unem- ployment insurance and protection; (d) In- | surance payments to families of deceased wage earners; (e) Burial and birth allow- ances. These will be discussed in turn. FR ot ee Coolidge, Hearing That || Mexican Minister Talks In Havana, Stays Away. terday | WASHINGTON, (FP) Oct. 26.) —Because the new Mexican am- bireador to Cuba, Senor deTej- ad:,, is leading a movement to dis- si!(2 the Pan-American Union and} | se: up a Latin American Union in| | | | its place, President Coolidge may} young | abandon his proposed trip to | ng the! Havana in January to attend the) | ff ) | Pan-American Conference. “een 4 idge is much displeased that Mexico has dared to suggest that the, United States be dropped from the| Union. Man- Rigid Censorshin Chang} of ter-| rations | whole-| BERLIN, Oct. 26, — Official cen- | sorship of all communications between | ; Rumania and the outside world today | § | veiled the scramble for the throne in| | Bucharest. Telephone and telegraph | | connections between Bucharest and | § Belgrade were shut off at 9 o’clock |f night, e from! The last word to reach Beigrade bo- | d four fore the break told of a manifest: ' es i 3 the | ;and denouncing as illegal the gove Hold Manoilescu. | The Bratianu government arrested | c Manoilescu at the frontier and confis- | cated letters from former Crown, if |" to place him on the throne now | I | oceupied by his son and which he r escu, | ane Acar k i. -What | BERLIN, Oct. 26. substi- | ~ The fight over |tral figure is becoming more bitter | and a | with the Carolists trying to unite all | @ the opposition factions, said a dispatch | from Roumania today. Former Premier Averscu and M. | Jorga have taken leadership in the at- | | tempt to form a united front of all the anti-Bratianu forces, BUY THE DAILY WORKER AT THE NEWSSTANDS ities of clothing | p jobs which require it and give specially | |denti the case under the British ystem, but carries with it the services of such specialists as oculists, and surgeons. Free hospital care are drugs, medicine and ap- artificial limbs. It should that this medical care is ot confined, as under the British System, to ractitioner Health Insurance also provided, as pliances such » be empl |duous trades such as coal mining, glass work-! medicine in Russ |ing, iron molding, and the iron and steel in-|theresis often greater delay in receiving the jfor secure not only the general medical at-|} jout charge, but ¢ jcine, 900,000 persons are covered, though it does|home to nurse a 1 not yet apply to peasants and many of the un- All this is furnished as a right and not as employed urban workers. The most impor-| © arity. |state to furr the wage-earners alone, but also extended their families. There virtually free a. It is, of cour true that to | More-|free medical attention at the public clinics|ioct time, alt jover, approximately 600,000 workers are sent|than in going to private doctors. Local gov-|,,, : annually by the unions and the Social Insur-|ernment units provide health and ance Department for vacations in rest homes,|care from their own budgets, and in addition These rest|approximately 30 per cent of the social in-| medical nee funds are used for this purpose. The s and children of the insured may there- tention in their homes or at the clinics with- re furnished with free medi- free dentistry, care of the eyes, hospital care and surgical work. A worker is paid full wages if he or she is compelled to stay a sick member of the family. The Russian government proceeds upon the theory that it is the duty of the sh health to its citizens so far as this is possible, and believes that medical attention should be free to every person. This is a feature which cannot be commended too strongly and which is in harmony with the best thought among students of public health. The inference likely to be drawn by many New “Disarmament” Session | GENEVA, Oct. 26.—Another ses- | |sion of the Preparatory Commission | 2 l {been cal If a worker is unem-) yo} “Dawn” May Not Fly { OLD ORCHARD BEACH, Me., Oct. | t .—Mrs. Frances Wilson Grayson to-|ship Maurice R. Thurlow, of Boston, jon a Disarmament Conference has|day was considering calling off until) which was previously reported help- is that the cash bene the earnings will lead to much malingering and to feigned illness. There are, no doubt, of malingering, but the social conscious- ss of the workers and the effe re medica ;service combine to keep it within minor di- mensions. This is proved by the that the |average num of days lost in the 8. Sak jper insured person, for temporary disability, ive of time lost from childbirth and ing, was only 8 in 192. 25, 8.8 in 1925- 1926, and a yearly r g > first six jmonths of the 1926- of only 7:8, This is in sharp contras > German €xX- perience where with a period and | with benefits amounting to only a part df |the wage, the average number of days lost ‘annually has ranged within recent years be tween 12 and 15. Part of this difference*is undoubtedly due to the fact that the German ystem includes prima industrial workers, whose sickness rate tends to be above the gen. eral level of the population, while the Russian A includes agricultural, domestic and j other occupations as well. Yet in a number jof industrial centers we found an average of eleven days lost because of temporary dis. ability, which is less than the amount of time |lost in Germany. The country with by fat jthe more liberal system of benefits shows less hough medicine and public sani |tation are more advanced in Germany than in |Russia. The full reasons for this are not yet jconclusively established, but from our inquir- ies we are convinced that it is largely duete 1) the full medical attention and treatment |which are given to the workers and their fam. ilies; and (2), the tendency of ill or injured jworkers, when the benefits are only a frao jtion of their wages, to return to work before |they are well, thus rendering them more sus: | ceptible to future illnesses and consequently |causing them to lose additional time. A low scale of benefits seems therefore to be false economy, even when judged by the purely monetary standards. its of 100 per cent of ystem (To be continued in tomorrow’s DAILY WORKER.) (The full report of the American Trade Jnion Delegation to Soviet Russia, as pub- | lished here by courtesy of International | Publishers, can also be obtained in book form at all bookstores.) LONDON, Oct. 26. he American led at Geneva for November | Spring her projected flight to Den-/less off the Nova Scotia coast is be- |80, an official communique issued by} mark in the airplane “The Dawn.” the League of Nations declared yes- | | lieved to have been lost with all on j board, according to a message from Work Daily for the Daily Worker! the Cape Sable Wireless Station NOW To Be Published in the Special November 7 Issue OF THE RUSSIAN REVOLUTION Send not less than 25 cents with every name to The Daily Worker, 33 First Si., New York, nN AME FULL NAME GREETINGS—Accepted from workingclass organizations at $200 per full page (frae- tions of a page on this basis) and $1.50 per inch. Be sure your organization sends its greetings. 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