The Daily Worker Newspaper, October 11, 1927, Page 3

THE DAILY WORKER, NEW YORK, TUESDAY, OCTOBER 11, 1927 ¥ege Three American Finns Working Karelian Homesteads SSpecial DAILY WORKER Cor- respondence.) By WILLIAM F. KRUSE. As you ride along the seemingly endless miles of the Murmansk rail- road through Soviet Karelia, a con- stantly repeated sight is that of lit- tle log cabins——all very new-—their} peeled logs glaring very raw against the green of the surrounding forest— set usually on the shore of some lake and set in the midst of a little clear- ing from which all the stumps and stones are far from being removed. Walking along the narrow forest roads—mere trails most of them and impassable for any wheeled vehicles —one gets a better close-up view. “Kolonizatori,” your Russian fellow- traveller will tell you, adding that all | this new building activity is once year old, or at most maybe two, An American Communist need not be at all surprised to hear himself called by name and addressed in as flawless | z an English as anyone could expect to) hear in Minnesota or southern Illin-} ois, The mystery of English-as-she-is spoke in the backwoods of Karelia is| easily cleared up. Here live a large! taken up homesteads in the “land of forest, stone and waters,” after having spent twenty years in some cases working in the mines, fac- | tories and forests for the American capitalist class. Not far from Ki- watch, the name of the railway sta- tion about 40 miles from the capital, which serves both the famous water- fall by that name and the great new power project “Kondostroi,” you will find the new log homes of at least a score of these families. Aalto, Leh- ti, Tenhunen — Anderson, Jansen, Blum—Swede Finns, American Finns and just plain Finns—they are carv- ing new homes and new farms out of the Karelian wildern It is something like the American homesteading which up to 1890 was so largely instrumental in our west. But there are important differences. In America the settler made a sort of bet with the govern- ment that he could stick it out the} required number of years, the gov- ernment’s local agent often being in- terested in seeing the settler lose the | bet so that some henchman might} jump the land and get the benefit of all the back-breaking work that had been put in. In any event most of the profit went to the railroad mon- opolists and land speculators, with the farmer who did all the work on the losing end, the government asa matter of course pis in au fleec- ing process. Here in Soviet Karelia: however, the settler is sure of the benevolent protection of the government at all times. The government is a workers’ and peasants’ govrnment, administer- | ing a country rich in natural re- sources and poor in human labor pow- er. So settlers are given free trans- portation from any part of the Soviet Union, helped to locate from six to! ten dessiatins of land, given from 200 to 400 roubles to help them build | their ‘house, freed from taxation for ten years—including the lumber tax of 22.40 roubles per thousand which is the chief source ie athe reyenue, of ECONOMIC SCIENCE By A. BOGDANOFF Revised and supplemented by Ss. M. Dvolaitsky in conjunc- tion with the author, 'Trans- lated by J. Fineberg. OMRADE BOGDANOFF'S book is a comprehen- sive and popular intro- duetion to the study of the pripoibles of Marxian philos- opi It was, as the author “ says in his preface, in the dark days of reaction for the use of workers’ study circles; 2 serves today as a textbook in hundreds, if. not thousands, of party schools and study circles now functioning Soviet Russia.” The first edition book was published in 1897 and the ninth in 19 It was first published In English in 1923—-this new edition, just issued, is the second, $1.00 ELEMENTS OF POLITICAL EDUCATION--By A. Berd- nikov and A. Syetlov. Paper, $1.00 Cloth, $1.50 LENIN ON ORGANIZATION Cloth, $1.50 written in of this THE DAILY WORKER PUB, CO. 33 First Street, New York. settling | |and Diasanteed a special settlers’ re- | duction of 75 per cent on all railroad | charges, freight or passenger. Hun- dreds of pure-bred horses and cows are imported and given to the settlers on three years’ credit. Agricultral stations, etc., help him adapt himself |to the new and strange conditions Work aplenty there always jeveryone in the woods, the wage: plus the government loans (without interest) thus giving the necessary amount of ready cash for want of was often fo: ed to give up. “Artels” Specially Encouraged. The homesteaders settle either dividually or in organized “arte The latter form of co-operative en- terprise is of course given special * | support by the ria pao ace eco al land, extra allowances, etc. {made easy for them to get a pile Be | for instance, and machinery, and easy | so to run it, they have the privilege of buying kerosene at half price when} intended for tractor use. A visit was | made to one such artel of seven fam- jilies who have settled some 60 acres on the shores of Lake Kaulo. They have an option on as much more land} in- | time being they have their hands full.| |In order to utilize the best of the! land, along the lake, they are digging! a drainage ditch 1250 metres in} length and over three metres deep. Their former training as coal miners is standing these workers in mighty | {good stead now. They are paying| themselves wages, as for common la-| ing them, in cash, to the extent of | 60 per cent of the cost of the project.| The artel is democratically man- aged, of course, with an elected chairman who enjoys considerable} foremanship authority. Certain lines |of work are credited as being done Zor the artel—hay, grain, lumber, ditch and well-digging, ete.—while| jeach family does its own washing,| | works its own little garden, builds its} jown house, ete. A minimum num- |-er of days must be put in for the |artel, all in excess over this number | being paid in cash out of the artel) income. | It must not be forgotten, however, | that this is a hard life in a hard} country. Before the fields are read-| ily useable they have to be cleared of timber, grubbed of stumps and rocks, drained of excess water. Before they | could even get to their land they had to build a corduroy road through sev ral versts of forests. These hus! ex-miners are up at five, at w from seven until five, and glad to ¢ to bed at 8 or 9. And this is the pro- gram seven days a week—except on-, ly May Ist, Nov. 7, and Jan, 23. The| artel is 100 per cent “party” and the leasy-going Russian system of keep- ing both religious and revolutionary holidays does not go here. Our visit was made a festive occasion seem- ingly, most of the artel “taking a day off” to pick many bushels of little red berries which keep without fermenting all through the winter. There are unlimited quantities of blue-berries (huckleberries) also but they have to be used up right away. That’s all right tho, these Finnish housewives have not forgotten how| | to bake real American pie. The vick- |ing, of the winter’s supply of berries wax looked upon as a vast dissipa- tion—but it was “the first time this year we knocked off,” as our host put} )it. “Last year,” he continued, “we ; went fishing one day, but we didn’t catch much anyway. So we have de-/| cided to rest the lake for a couple} jof years.” | There are about half a dozen young! folks going to high school in Petrosa- vodsk, the capital, some fifty miles away. They live in town all winter, only coming home for the two long vacation periods at Christmas and Easter. They are all Komsomol mem- bers.in town and consciously keep up) their knowledge of the English lan-| guage by reading and talking among | themselves, All were born in Amer- ica. They have read at least twice over all the English books available either at home or in the Petrasavodsk for some American Komsomols to get} into communication with them and, possibly send them old books, The| address is a long one: “Autonomous Karelian Socialist Soviet Republic, U. S. S. R., Petrosavodski Uyezd, Kon-| is for Vm Ay pie Tenet a. A large fer: repair of shir rad ferro-concrete shipyard. Autumn sowing is now in full s' of the Ukraine. already finished. the way of substituting sorted seeds for unsorted. million poods of selected seeds of winter wheat and rye have been appropriated for distribution among the farm- | ers of which at the present time 2,500,000 poods heva | been already distributed. The area sown with ‘selected bor, and the government is subsidiz- | seeds . in the Ukraine will be increased this year by 300,000 to 400,000 dessiatins. Commissariat for Agriculture has 700,000 poods of seeds among the poorer farmers. | Iron Deposits in Uzbeckestan Discovered. ) While the surveys for the Turkestan-Siberian main mineral deposits were | discovered in the region of the Kurdai Pass in Uzbeck- The minerals include copper, zine and iron, vein of iron ore extends for a length of 6 kilometres. Education Among the National Minorities. railway were being made, large estan. Floating Dock Under Construction. | o-concrete floating dock to be used for the is now under construction in the Lenin- When completed this dock number of Finnish families who have|as they want to work, but for the} will be the largest of its kind in the world. Autumn Sowing in the Ukraine. ing over the whole In a number of districts the This year much has been achieved in ‘eg oo a GO Oe coo ita co which the old American homesteader (= NEWS FROM U.S. Stroyev y who bi tail with t British In recent t Winter was inte wing is Four | to whether Germ espionage The total output current economic One | The output of 10.25%. The 16.4%, the 1 of the helping to restore the money and technical eompared with the output of period of last year bs metallurgica the greate: \of the dark, ruling it it by elongs in to was the de- the d during the For example, 2 Germany was navy by contributions of id and he too pr ut the question as was sending submarines in parts Latvian group, given to him vice coincided to the minw truc any to Tart . When Stoyevoy had won the confidence f Winter the latter revealed to him that the Latvian e Service operated in conjunction with the Service. The information he obtained ding the Navy had also to be communicated to (Dessiatin—2 acres.) The | distributed over} Economie Construction. The total output of industry during the month of August exceeds that of Juiy by 16.8 The increase igust last year is 13.5%. of industry for the 11 months of the; year eeds that of the correspondent the st increase being obtained in the pro- | Southern states crimes are comm |men with | North KLUX BURNS CROSS, FIRES BOMBS, BUT CROUCH SPEAKS By PAUL CROUCH. hk These letters in the South. and the dark the Klans: weapon to through the the Aitaliae o syster Ra exploited, religious aroused, and the hatreds crea nationalism are converted into rrafters of the Ku s in the Sout ng un-complimentary about the xcept in a whisper and then but their most i It reminds one of the | are a symbol of terror Protected by a » by the Klans- for ughout the ble sinister ernment ain with ven in impunit the Southern st Empire” is the dor t methods of terror. ndiana, t head of the K, K. thought he could follow the example of the Southera Klansmen and get away’ with rape and murd Klan Hates Communists. It is only to be expected that Com- munism is the word most hated and feared by the Klansmen. In the class consciousness and organization of the workers they see the end of their power. They are ready to use any method to prevent the wage slaves of the South from organizing for a struggle against the Klan and capi- | talism. On a recent visit to my parents in Carolina, I had my fi (probably not my last) opportunity to observe at first hand the methods used in the South by the reactionary | element represented by the Klan and the American Legion—the twin groups of American Fascism. | Newspaper Abuse. A short time before my visit, the Unite K in Against Labor. the capitalist | Press the united in?a } common purpose, to keep the workers in ignorance. The editor of a Yoeal newspaper w resent when i spoke and wrote The report prepared for t n informed decided it would the workers of w the facts I pre- nce between the American Legion Klan will not be eep the Southern work- and wage slavery. ee The K anc uth dov my speech but I newspape of ig ance Klansmen should t a lesson the ¢ of Czarism. en thor K. rules the Sa ay, it represents f the people A real gut a small per d hated by mi movement to fr terror of the Empire” would get support of most Southern wo' The Revolut workers must ee the K. K. K. R. y We will not 7 masks, bombs, and FRAME-UP PLANS FOR NICARAGUAN ELECTIONS MADE Kelloge Appoints Army Man to Start Work s for the “supervision” of the Nicaraguan elections are being worked |U.S. The first Congress of Educationalists working among the Turkoman peoples convened in Moscow with ten na- tionalities represented. Savings Banks Fortnight. A two weeks’ campaign to popularize the savings banks is now in progress throughout the whole of the S. R. During this campaign propaganda is being lcarried on among those who, as a result of increased prosperity have accumulated savings to induce them to deposit these in the state savings banks. The advan- tages of this form of keeping their savings as against the method of hoarding at home is stressed. The cam- ign is being conducted with extreme success. During first five days 8,429 new depositors were registered | ‘oscow alone. The total deposits in the sayings amounted to 2,012,634 roubles. Internal loan { to the amount of 55,420 roubles have been sold | -urough the savings banks. During the same period the banks have advanced loans to the amount of 51,9465 | roubles. Women Share in Political Life. Preparations are in full swing throughout the U. S. S. R. for the forthcoming All-Union Congress of Work- ing and Peasant Women. Preliminary Provincial Con- gresses are being held at which reports are made on the part women play in the public and political life of the Union. The recent election campaign in Leningrad clearly demonstrated an increase in the activity of peasant women. In 1925 only 25% of the peasant women took part in the elections whereas in 1927, 40.3% took part. In the Leningrad Province there are 13 village Soviets which have women chairmen and 2 rural district Soviets which have women chairmen, In Leningrad 819 working women were elected to the City Soviet. In the factories where women workers predominate the poll has never been less than 91% of | the eligible voters, | The examination of the accused in the Monarchist ter- duction of Marten steel and rolling mills. In the light industries the greatest increase is ob- tained by the textile industry. The cotton industry shows an increase of 35.7%, the woolen of 49.26, and the linen industry 44.3%. The output of the tobacco industry has increased by | 64% and the makhorka (a cheaper brand of tobacco) | industry shows an increased output of 34%. The out- | put of other branch of light industry show increases | ranging from 4-20%. The total sales of industrial commodities during 11 | months of the current economic r exceeds that of the corresponding period of last year by 2 | Cheliabinsk Electrical Station to Be Built. | The formal la | erful electric station in Cheliabinsk (Siberia) was per- | formed several days ago. | Rich Gold Deposits Discovered. Rich gold deposits have been discovered Gazumir gold field in Siberia. This raw gold field ex- tends over an area of 15 versts and is considered to be} very rich. Detailed prospecting has been commenced. Wholesale Trade in August. | The total wholesale trade in the U. S. S. R. for the! month of August amounted to 942 million roubles, which is an increase over the previous month of 70.4%, and an| increase of 69.4°% as compared with the cor esponding | month of last year. Of the total trade, the trade in industrial commodities represents 65.5%, agricultural commodities 34.5%. The} greatest increase in trade as compared with the previous | month was obtained in metals, agricultural raw produce and grain. | Private trade, both in sales and purchases has de- | clined. In sales private trade represents 1.8% of the| | total and in purchases 2.2%. Simultaneously with the | diminution of the share of private trade in the wholesale trade of the U. S. S. R. there is an increase in the share | ing of the foundatio Wilkes Patriot published an editorial \out by the state department, according |that a “fiery cross” |followed about one minute later. dopora, Barracks 142, for Kaulo Oz- era, Aalto’s young folks.” The an-| rorist trial has finished. During the examination of of the trade done Large British and German Delegations To the Soviet Union LONDON, (By Mail). —The tremen- ; dous interest which has roused in the | proposed delegation of British work-! ers on the occasion of the celebration | for the Tenth Anniversary of the Rus-| in the activities of workers’ organiza-} tions throughout the country on be-} half of the delegation; equally signi-| ficant is the storm of invective re-: by | Pr This latter is the best indication of | libraries, so it might be interesting|sian Revolution is reflected not alone; | o— — Mayor of Pasama City, American Puppet, Bars Workers’ Protest Meet — PANAMA CITY, Oct. 10-4 mass meeting to commemorate the | rent riots of two years ago when} United States troops crushed a demonstration of workers was for- | bidden by a special decree issued | by the mayor of this city. The | mass meeting was called by t General Syndicate of Workers. Handbills are being distribued| among workers of the city, calling! for, the meetin, | { i ‘cently launched against the proposal! Detroit Workers Plan October various organs of the capitalist’ Concert Next Sunday | by the Co- ope Societies. Tenth Anniversary ‘Celebrations Stir Workers of USSR. MOSCOW, C 10.—A number of fact s are te ing black eyes and} ui as ihe result of the ascene from the sigan- movie “Moscow in, October,” | which is being prepared Sy the direc- tor gius M. laenateln, (director of “Potempkin”) for the Tenth Anni- | versary celebrations. Rehearsing one of the memorable enes near the shrine of the | Iberian Virgin (over which is now in ribed a quotation from, Karl Mar: teading “Religion is the Opium of | would not speak, and to frighten the/ swer may take its time about coming | the tapoetanee and significance of DETROIT, Oct. aay concert and | the People”) a number of actors tak- | but come it will, In spite of the many hardships and) \discomforts this group of hardened | Finnish-American workers are ra- jdiantly hopeful’ for the future. If} some of them have regrets at having, left America this is never because of any longing for possible comforts left | behind but solely because they realize through reading their “Tyomies, Tov-! eri, Eteenpain” and other American} _ Finnish papers that Communist ac- _ tivity in the American class struggle would call upon them for harder di-} rect revolutionary (fighting against | the capitalist world foe than is their lot out on the homestead, “We like it here,” said one of ihe erican trade unions in his day, “We hope we can stay here always, but we guess maybe it will not be long be- fore we will have to take our guns in our hands and defend our big homestead, the U. S. S. R., from the | British and Finnish white guards. || But. just let them come! We know| leaders will accompany the delegation, | the prospect of and the 'lL “have to - ccs he ae great tin ca ers in Moscow |the delegation from the British work-) ball will be held at the International ers’ point of view. Among labor leaders who are sup- porting the delegation are James Max-' P. | Workers’ Home, 3014 Yemans S$ 'Hamtramck, Mich., next Sunday, Oct. 16, beginning at 4 o’clock. An elabo- ton, M. chairman of the I, L. P.,| vate program is being planned for David Kirkwood, M. P., Fenner Brock- the occasion, way (Ed. “New Leader”), and Lough- —_— lin (Tailors’ and Garment Workers),! HOLLYWOOD, Cal., who are helping to facilitate the work | handits today held up Frank F. of sending the delegation. ie ea Oct. 10. — Two Wil- mot, messenger for the Bank of Italy, ‘and robbed him of seven sacks of reg: German Delegation to Russia. | istered mail of an estimated value of BERLIN, (By Mail).--The Central | $100,000, he says. |Committee for the German Workers’ | Delegation to Russia has decided that | } witz, the delegation: shall leave on the j ducer, steamer “Soviet” on October 10th. Great enthusiasm has been roused , mous pacifist, Dr. Helene Stocker, the Piskator Goldschmidt, a pro- who had been very active in the Am-|for the project, and workers’ groups Socialist leader George Ledebour, Dr. | celebrations. are busily engaged in raising funds Kurt Hillier, and others, and selecting delegates. | The Central Committee has pre- All sections will be represented and pared a subscription list in which 50 social-democratie factory workers workers are urged to give 10 pfennige will participate. In addition to the each. This is expected to yield 250,- large rank and file section a number | 000 marks for the delegation fund. of well-known German intellectual} The rank and filers are eager at meeting British work- the walls aoe theatrical pro-| fessor of national economy, the fa-| mg the parts of the young officers | the military Kremlin Schools, ved for the ¢ as the Rus- s were rising. were at-| 1 by workers and Red Army soldiers. No of the rehearsal | had been published in the press and | the actors had been mistaken for a group of counter-revolutionists reparations hrout U, The entire Sovie jing its energies into the celebration. {In the smallest villages in all pa of the union, play: é being rehears- ed and public halls being decorated. | Thousands of workers from other countries are streaming into the Sov- iet Union to witness the anniversary Arrangements are be- ling made for receiving 1,150 offi- cials and foreign guests, including la- bor delegations from the United States, Great Britain, France, Ger- |many, India and elsewhere. | Numerous public works, including sees fhe Coming of Crouch.” I and vindictive language, and utente | sledding in his native county of | Wilkes” was predicted for me. The | exact meaning of “difficult sledding” | ¢ ‘was soon given a practical demonstra- tion by use of the bomb and the| “fiery cross,” the emblem of the K. 3efore my arrival, many threats against me were made by those who] fear the organization of the workers | jin the South. I was told that officers | | have the meeting suppressed by force. | One man stated that though he did | not believe in my views, he thought out danger of being mobbed. Much } “ugly talk” and “mob spirit” was re-| ported. | Blast Near House. I arrived Friday and spoke the | following day. The night of my ar-| rival, a tremendous explosion in front of my father’s home was heard | 5 for miles. An eye witness states} about 75 |from the house burst into flames and | that an unusually terrific explosion | I made a personal examination of the remains of the cross. It was made| of pine, fastened together with wire, covered with rags and saturated with oil. jfrom the cross was about one third! | full of crude oil. The Klan threat evidently was in-| tended to intimidate me so that I} people in the section so they would stay away from the meeting, fearing | that it would be suppressed by mob} violence. It did not prevent me from | speaking and, considering the cir-| cumstances, there was a rather large, | audience, several times the size of a religious meeting the following day. | Copies of the Young Worker were given to all at the meeting. The edi- tor of the Wilkes Patriot, the mayor | ot North Wilkesboro and the head of | the local post of the American Legion were present, but most of the au- dience was sympathetic and way ex- pressed approval of my speech. One farmer came thirty miles to hear me. | “T never thought about these things before” was a statement made by more than one in the audience. The efforts of the Klansmen to intimidate | me were denounced by many farmers. “It’s a shame,” they serie Reviv Many during the summer months. Now is the time to start again build it up on a Stronger and fir Do your share in your Workers fraternal organization or club. Local Office: 108 E. 14th St. huge electrical works at Leningrad will be opened for the anniversary eelebratiqns. |receive most serious jto plan the yards | | A five gallon can a few steps} \SEND FOR comrades haye allowed Now is the time of renewed activity. to letter sent by Seo y of State Ke sllogg’ ie lette Guardia’s protest again: ment.of army or navy o vise the “elections” anc Guardia that the “idea w forward has already to the department and vw sug ll certainly attention.” Whether or not military man is appointed, it is regarded as certain that the “supervision” will be of a nature that will ensure the election of one of a pow- of the American Legion wished tols Nicaraguan favorable to the inter- ests of American imperialism in Lat- in-America. General McCoy, who has had ex- near the |T should have the right to speak with- | perience executing the commands of in Cuba and been appointed “preliminaries” for the American imper sm Mexico, has already election. Woman Starts Ocear CURTISS FIELD. Fight. Y., Oct. 10 — irayson in her mphibian plane, hopped off from Curtiss Field at 1:45 o’clock this afternoon for Old Orchard, Me., on the first leg of the proposed trans-Atlan- tie flight to Copenhagen, Denmark. BOOKS Trade. "Uniondl Soviet Russia History Social Studies, Political Economy Philosophy Science Communism Fiction Literature Poetry Art A CATALOGUE THE DAILY WORKER BOOK DEPT. 35 First Street New York, N. Yo e the Daily Worker Sustaining Fund their contributions to lag with the Sustaining Fund and mer basi With a strong Sus- taining Fund, our financial troubles will be things of the past. Party unit, in your union and Send Your Contributions To the Sustaining Fund DAILY WORKE 33 First Street New York, N.Y.