The Daily Worker Newspaper, September 28, 1927, Page 6

Page Six Young Sculptor Begins to} Express the Aspirations] » of Revolution in Marble LOUIS ENGDAHL, the are decorated with so spond to t y cor luence masses. But th ge even here. It is felt that a period culpture is opening within the Sovie t works are beginning to show a more hea sculpture, which is enriching | itself wi onary content. Jean Paul Marat Man of the People” “The 2 ae , This is a reproduction from a photograph of the bust of Jean Paul Marat, the French revolutionist, done by seulptor, Rukevitchukov, whose work in the Soviet The original is to be found in the Marx-Engels the young Russian is now creating considerable attention Union. Institute in Moscow. front is Rukevitchukov. his youth and s rit He is 32 year looked upor He impre to Ru his first ful Volga.” Since the himself almost enti Ru tion to one of Karl Marx. * * * In these works himself as a real displaye in the bust of Marx. available details of the life of Marx. i working class lived. * * * The bust of Louis Blanqui shows this ideals. One reads into the face the sufferings of many years’ imprisonment. The bust of Marat reveals the theatrical in his nature. Danton is shown in a passive mood. x * * The difficulties of the Russian sculptors are revealed in the fact that they are not enabled to work in marble, The bust of Marx alone, of those produced by Rukevitchukov, is this material being still too expensive. hewn from a solid block of marble. * * While sculptors are just beginning to come into their own in the Soviet Union, it may be pointed out that e reached: a such artists Their work, from Pravda and Is- stia, the two great Soviet dailies, is being reproduced y the capitalist press in all parts of the world, espe- cially in Great Britain and the United States. This is icularly true of the political cartoons by Moor and newspaper cartooning and caricaturing high stage of development with the work o: as Deni and Moor. t i | ricatures by Deni. new regime of the workers and peasants. For while the “old regime” commemorated in sculp- ture its czars, its imperialist statesmen and its grand dukes, the rule of the workers has much more to com- memorate. * * + masses, that hang upon the museum's walls. (Continued Im felanin 6) is A. RRA REE A UBRRA ome i with the y Marx- ¢ landings of which The works of s es of Moscow since the |! iderable strength. on the , therefore, who is coming to the | one deeply with old, born at Nijni Novgorod, which is Maxim Gorki’s town, on the River Volga. He went to Rome to study the fine arts, but returned i ith the beginning of the war in 1914. One of s was “A Longshoreman of the jan Revolution he has devoted ly to the making of busts of the outstanding figures of the French Revolution, in addi- the young Russian sculptor reveals t. The maximum of reality is no doubt Without a model, the i young sculptor carefully studied the biography and all 4 He has sought to Ee give in the face of Marx an impression of the whole y epoch in which this philosopher of the French revo- lutionist as an ascetic, a man thoroughly devoted to his But while sculpture and painting have responded more slowly to the revolution than poetry, the drama, fiction, drawing and even music, there is no doubt that they are now quickly taking their important places under the At the Museum of the Revolution the guides carefully and conscientiously repeat, day in and day out, to new throngs of interested visitors, the story of the centuries- old upward struggle of the once downtrodden Russian Much of this has already been done in pictures One of the most popular pictures in the Soviet Union today is that of By MANUEL GOM ppointment Dwight Mor- ner in the firm of J. P. Mor- ambassador row, pa gan & Co., to be to Mexico, sets the s of N gan upon the fore: tes government in such shion as to leave the ing. appointment, we are with busines ng to do ee epoch time more di- Andrew of the —which selection of th Morrow, as nerican impe: businessmen’s admir tion” can 2an only the administration of big ness, or finance-capital. rtheless, altho there is noth- in the general course indi- the fact. that Wall Street a need, and an ability , its direct ambassador to armed with governmental the Morrow appointment is and bold step. In addi- tion to its immediate practieal pur- | poses, it constitutes a demonstration might and scornful defiance which the working class in this country— i to face with the swollen trust- government power in every labor ruggle—can no more afford to ig- nore than can the people of Mexico, or of Latin-America in general. As) far as Latin America is con- rned, it will understand the action jonly too well. In the Monroe Doc- jtrine Zone below the Rio Grande everybody knows that U. S. foreign policy is imperialist policy, with in- vestment profits as one of the basic objectives. And now, while the U. S. State Department continues to ex- plain hypocritically that U. S. policy is based exclusively’ on humanitarian motives, a member of the greatest in- vestment-banking firm in America is appointed as ambassador to Mexico! Mexico is still stunned by the blow. Few of the newspapers know what to say about it. However, here is the far-from-rev- olutionary point of view of the Mex- of the House |; n policy of | > foreign serv new i vernment ‘ ico City Financial and Mining Bulle-| of Bankers. | tated ms ‘ “Mr. Morrow is a banker and a/Harding administration member of the Morgan firm, which is the soul of the committee of bank- ers interested in Mexico and which has arranged most of the Méxican ns. T i salient fact of the s biography. “It is well known that the United contrary to the custom in e service, te life. with but men- prominent But that does not do the significance of the fact that Pi lent Coolidge has pick- ed precisely a banker interested in the service of Mexico’s foreign debt. For some time it was rumored that the White House would leave the post unfilled until after the next American tion but the falling away in Mex- directly affecting the ce became accentuated, President Calles in his recent age to congress stated the execu- intention to pay such service s long as the country’s economic tuation did not indicate a necessity for other action.’ “Immediately thereupon the White House changed its opinion and is incon and ’S sending here an ambassador who is a specialist on financial questions and likewise a specialist on the matter of foreign indebtedness. Is it not logi- cal to conclude that the new envoy’s f principal mission will be to watch over the foreign debt and that a fi- nancial expert has been chosen with the most probability of being able to conclude negotiations to that end suc- cessfully?” American workers who still believe that the U. S. government’s foreign policy has something to do with their interests instead of those of imperial- ist finance-capital, can learn some- thing from this incomplete but ade- quate statement. Workers will remember that the conflicts that have raged intermit- tently for years between the United States government and Mexico have not been unconnected with the debt question, linked up as it is with the question of investment as a whole. Numerous crises have been created by headlong assaults upon the Mexi- can government and the Mexican rev- olution. The persistent drive behind these separate assaults takes momen-| expanding | tum from the general movement of American imperialism, but in practice the points at issue in each case have been connected with questions either of the Mexican gov- ernment debt or of oil and mining ‘in- terests. | Hitherto, as the Federated Press points out in its news story on the | Morrow appointment, the Morgan or- | ders to Mexico have been delivered by Thomas Lamont, another member of the firm. It was Lamont who signed \the present debt service agreement ‘with the Mexican government, on be- half of the International Committee irope, chooses diplomats not from} in} Morrow -- A Friend in Need |by Lamont, satisfy Lamont before his first gov- | Wall Street and Washington in Mex-| ;a relentless defender of oil and min- ‘enough established. It was Lamont who dic- which the| recognized Obregon’s government in Mexico. Under the agreements negotiated covering the national debt and the Mexican National Rail- ways debt, the Mexican government | was obliged to pay the bankers a to-| tal of $13,050,000 during 1926. Now! that Mexican finances are weakened, | due to the drains upon them owing to the reactionary catholic rebellion, the terms under ward its face as implacable interest collector for the House of Morgan. If pressure is requited it will be ap- plied. is in itself a threat. Lamont acted as a “private citizen.” Morrow is to be! official representative of the United) States government. Interpretations of the Morrow ap- pointment must take into account the fact that Mexico is now in the midst of a presidential election campaign, and Wall Street has always played an important and sinister role in Mexican politics. Former President Obregon’ is again a candidate. Re- membering that he was obliged to ernment was even recognized by Washington, wholesome respect for the power of, Dwight Morrow and the demands he} “demands,” and that they are: likely) to play their part in the influences marshalled to determine the outcome of Mexico’s election campaign, no one familiar with the past policy of ico can doubt. | It may be thought in some quarters | that if President Coolidge wished to} Mexico he would have appointed not a Morgan man but someone more closely . associated with the oil and mining interests. However, James R. Sheffield, Morrow’s predecessor, who was also appointed by Coolidge, was ing interests. this respect Coolidge’s attitude in is therefore clearly Differences in policy do exist be- tween the bankers on the one hand and some of the oil and mining in- terests on the other but it is a mis- take to assume that the bankers’ pol- icy in Mexico is a conciliatory one while that of the oil and mining men is belligerent. Nor is it wise to for- get that the bankers involved are not simply bankers but finance-capital- ists, and that Wall Street is essen- tially a unit.* Coolidge’s appointment of Mor- row, representative of the “tinan-| cial” interests, has undoubtedly been approved by Secretary Mellon, repre- sentative of the “industrial” interests (altho himself a banker). It is a powerful and ruthless com- | bination that American workers and | Latin America as a whole must face. | The New Wave By JOSEPH ZACK. ON September 10th, 15,000 ladies’ garment workers responded to a call of the New York Joint Board for a mass meeting in Madison Square Garden, w York’s largest indoor meeting place. This happened 10 months after the Sigman gang thru its expulsion policy and the resulting internal war had annihilated the conditions in the shops won thru years of strug; Breakdown of the jon. The conditions in the ladies’ gar- ment shops at present are of a kind that can only be compared with what prevailed about 15 years ago and in some respects they are worse. A great number of operat who made $55 per week as a minimum scale now to $36 per week, As to of work there is practically no 50, 60, 70 hours per week. e , Standard of production, no overtime pay, arbitrary discharge Some shops that have moved out of Manhattan for cheaper production are now giving up business out-of-town as the exploitation in New York is such that they cannot stand the com- The industry is returning to New | York! Chaos In Industry. ated a condition of break-neck compe- tion amongst the employers in which the ladies’ garment market are the dog competition amongst the contrac- tors. The inside manufacturers are being driven to the wall more than ever. Amongst the jobbers things are not hunky-dory, either, All around, —it’s a case of big dog eats small dog. The union, which could have fully utilized this division amongst the em- ployers in an industry which is still in a highly competitive stage was un- able to do so because of the corrupt class | Schlessinger-Sigman-Forward bureau- eracy. As a result the standards were breaking down and the jobbing capi- talists were becoming the over-lords of the industry. Now with the union broken down completely by Sigman, the union which could have been like a steel-rod in the situation and util- jized the weaknesses of the employers —this is the way things are going. | petition. Thus it seems that one dream | of the bureaucracy is coming true.) chief beneficiaries. There is a dog-eat- | collaboration policy of the} of Struggle in the LLG. W.U. to build its strength has been disor-*workers. These are the signs of the ganized to such an extent that at this| new times. time it is not the major factor it used | the left wing gave expression to this to be. Employers Want A “Suitable” Union. Quite a few of the employers ef- fected would like to see the union back on its feet, but under safe di- rection, for with all the support Sig- man got from the employers he could not subjugate the workers. Thus the bosses are disappointed. Schlessinger is spoken of as the possible new Mes- siah by the employers and this has its effects amongst the bureaucracy. Sigman is a failure, let’s get Schles- | singer as a peace-maker and presi- dent with the good safe old clique of Breslauer-Ninfo-Dubinsky, ete. But who wants them? The workers are beginning to talk reconstruction of the union, There is unity talk even amongst the right wing registered | WASHINGTON, Sept.-27 (F\P.). | Fascist circles are astonished and an-! in order that they and the judge shall The breakdown of the union ecre-|/gry because the issue as to whether understand each other before the ap- “absolute” loyalty to Mussolini is con-| plicants | etategt with an oath of allegiance to; United States. the dozen or so jobbers that control |the United States has been raised by | a federal official in the case of some Italians who were contemplating their | naturalization in a federal court in | Baltimore. | timore district \by the Fascist bond. “Blood Oath.” | obedience and loyalty to Benito Mus- solini were recently published in a newspaper at the capital, and so came to the attention of the commissioner. While he says that his bureau has no legal, authority to interfere with the gaining of citizenship—since this is a matter for the court—the bureau ats What*Washinston FASCIST CIRCLES RAVING BECAUSE OF TROUBLE OVER NATURALIZING MUSSOLINI'S FOLLOWERS True, the questions were asked by) ja minor official—Jesse M. Thomas, | | director of naturalization for the Bal-! But when an attempt | to whether the applicants were Fase- |was made to have the naturalization | ists or intended to become Fascists— bureau at Washington repudiate his {here was just a hint that one or action, it was discovered that Com-) both of these clauses might be in- missioner Crist saw no harm in find-| yoked. |irg out what the Italians understand | The terms of the Fascist oath of | expelled by the Old Guard from the It is but natural that new development by getting the work- ers together once more, as the first expression in the campaign to recon- struct the union. There is new hope glimmering amongst the workers. There must be a union! There will be one—and it will not be with the left wing on the outside, because in this industry such a thing is impossible. Inside the A. F. of L. if possible, outside if nec- essary. But the most important les- son is that the Madison Square Gar- den meeting, brought out the masses even to the extent of 15,000, which | shows that after 10 months of fight- ing the left wing is still as strong as ever and preparing for a fresh strug- gle. oes question the applicants in court swear allegiance to the} The only conditions under which the alien must be refused citizenship, af-| | ter other tests are met, are deliberate intention to violate the oath of mem-| bership in an anarchist group or be-| Nef in the use of assassination as a political weapon here or abroad. In the questions asked at Baltimore—as Frazier on Indian Committee, Senator Frazier of North Dakota, Republican organization three years ago as a La Follette Progressive, now cecupies the spacious quarters of chairman of the Senate Committee on Indian Affairs. The Old Guard needs his vote in organizing the new Sen- the U. S. government again puts for-| Obregon will have af may put forward. That there will be § follow an aggressive policy toward| \ciers are pooling their interests to ‘war on the progressives in the trade} The very appointment of Morrow! § : Wife and children of Donato Carillo, who is being framed-up along with Calagero Grecco for the death in a street-fight of two portance in the black-shirt movement. tombs, awaiting trial. fascist thugs, one of whom was a person of some im- Both Carillo and Grecco are imprisoned in New York (Continued from page 1) vacation days, including his cowboy suit, his Indian regalia and his em- balmed worms. He can leave the white house as Jack Dempsey can now leave the ring without a knockout on his slate. And Wall Street may de- cide to install an all-star cast in the white house next time. The appoint- ment of Dwight Morrow to the Mexi- can ambassadorship indicates that the House ot Morgan is tired using second-hand men in first class posi- tions. * * * T is not surprising that experts should be at odds over who won the Dempsey-Tunney prize fight, since it is not yet settled who won the fa- mous battle of Jutland, where a German fleet met a British fleet twice its weight and gave battle. The British lost twice the tonnage of the German losses but Britain won the war, swiped Germany’s colonies, robbed her of the greater part of her ‘merchant fleet and reduced her to navy zero thru the peace of Ver- sailles. Dempsey won the Chicago fight but lost the decision. It seems to us that Dempsey and the Germans are in the same boat: * * * 'HO the bottom had fallen out of the movement for the amalga- mation of craft unions into industrial unions the need for such a develop- ment has not decreased. On the con- trary the increasing tendency on the part of giant financial and industrial corporations to merge, makes it more than ever a necessity on the part of the workers to combine their forces for greater effectiveness in the never- ceasing struggle for a greater share of the necessities of life produced by their labor. * * 4 ind latest thing in combinations is the proposed merger of gas and electric public utilities under the con- trol of the Morgan, Mellon and Drexel interests. Those giant finan- cial octopuses will unite the power companies of Pennsylvania, New Jer- sey and New York, into one super- power system. When the big finan- their greater profit and glory the la- bor leaders are busily engaged making unions and insisting on craft auto-| nomy rather than on solidarity on the lines of industrial unionism. eee pa, eee bel to 2 report made by the New York Trust Company, “we” have 4% billions of dollars in- vested in Latin America, fifty per cent more than Wall Street has in- vested in Europe. This tremendous investment in Latin America accounts for the presence of American marines in Nicaragua and for the appointment of Dwight Morrow as American am- bassador to Mexico, In order to pro- tect this mighty investment and en- able it to increase and multiply and fill Wall Street’s coffers with profits the government of Mellon, Morgan and Drexel will sacrifice thousands of > NEWS FROM THE U.S. SR. LABOR CONDITIONS ARE IMPROVING. The position of the workers in the U. S. S. R. is con- tinuously improving. The average monthly wage per worker was, in 1924, 87 roubles 80 kopeks; in 1925, 44 roubles 17 kopeks; in 1926, 55 roubles 58 kopeks and in 1927, 61 roubles 77 kopeks. Out of every thousand work- ers the number receiving 1924 1925 1926 up to 30 roubles per month was 431 306 158 from 30 to 50 roubles per month was 342 890 3825 from 50 to 70 roubles per month was 144 181 247 from 70 to 100 roubles per month was 67 90 176 over 100 roubles per month was 16 38 «94 In 1917 the supply of iron ore was 2,410,000 tons for the U. S. S. R, and in 1927, 6,195,000 tons... The rate of growth in procuring iron ore, which up to 1921 was continuously declining, is expressed in the following fig- ures: in 1921-22 about 184,000 tons were procured; in 1922-28, 454,000; in 1923-24, 948,000; in 1924-25, 2,- 162,000, and in 1925-26, 3,315,400 tons. In 1926-27 the figure will be about 4,828,900 tons and in 1927-28, 6,- 152,200 tons. In 1925-26, 2,206,800 tons of cast iron were smelted. This year, the figure will be 2,923,500 tons and in 1927-28, 3,416,000 tons. In 1925-26, 2,895,000 tons of steel were produced; in 1926-27, 3,466,100 tons and in 1927-28 the output will be about 3,863,700 tons. RATIONALIZATION OF PRODUCTION. An investigation of the rationalization of industry has been made in the largest Moscow factories and great achievements have been recorded. Thus the “Metallo- Lamp” has introduced during the first half of 1926-27 23 new time-saving appliances. The “Krasny Proletary” has installed 29 new appliances. As a result of these perfections from 20 to 60% of time is saved. The “Kras- noholm Factory” has raised its productivity 25% as a result of rationalization. The productivity of the “Krasny Fakel” has increased 12%. Rationalization does not reduce wages, but on the contrary all fac- tories which have been rationalized show higher wages. Wages of the “Krasny Proletary” have increased 12.8%, in the “Krasny Pakel” 13.5%, ete. TURKISTAN-SIBERIAN RAILWAY. The Kazakstan population gives every assistance in building the railway line. Cases have been observed where the organized poor peasants of Kazakstan built and repaired bridges on their own initiative and with their own material in the southern district where work is in progress in order to facilitate the transportation of building supplies. “ TEA PLANTATIONS IN GEORGIA. « The tea business has extensively developed during the last few years in Georgia. Under the Menshevik gov- ernment the tea plantations were reduced by one third and had no access to the market. This year tea planta- tions embrace 2,000 hectares. The “Chai-Gruzia” Company has 6 tea factories with a capacity of 2,600,000 pounds of green tea. It is planned to build another 24 tea factories. THE REVOLUTION IN MARBLE ==, 4 (Continued from column 1) : the Second World Congress of the Communist Internae tional. In the days ahead the sculptors of the new regime under the Soviet Union will hew in marble the heroism of labor’s martyrs in days past, an inspiration to gen- erations yet unborn, who will come to complete the building of the new social order, the beginnings of which are now being laid, 3 *. * * Instead of the statue of a czar, the sculptor'in the Soviet Union now moulds the likeness of a Babeuf, who first raised the banners of proletarian revolt in the French Revolution of 1790. Thus the new life shakes American lives to slaughter thousands of Latin Americans should the iatter rebel against being shackled by the ate, and it has restored him to full rights as a Republican. popes fetters of American imperial- 7m. hi t off the old, with all its mould, and dust, and cobwebs. The sculptors in the Soviet Union join in bringing the so-called “fine arts” to a more useful and higher pur- pose than they have served under the social systems. hat have gone before, ; fo sah ak mie