The Daily Worker Newspaper, August 8, 1927, Page 6

THE DAILY WORKER, NEW YORK, MONDAY AUG YS, Luar ___ FARMERS | INCREASED PRODUCTION MEANS POVERTY FOR FARMS, AGRICULTURAL REPORTS SAY ased productivity is as char-{can farmers produce 2.3 tons of farm| griculture as of manu-| produce more per capita than the ry, C. J. Brand of the; farmers of the United Kingdom, 2.5 N i more than German farme: 2 more the North Carolin than French rme > more figures suggest tha ssed farm | than Italian farme | ,» the trek of the farm popula- | Farm Labor Supply Shows | tion to the cities and industrial un Unemployment. | employmer It from the fac The larger supply of farm labor that producers are penalized for their productivity. Inc: ation of power and fertilizer are cited by Brand as im- portant c es of the expanding pro- ductivity of the farm population. In 1850 farmers used 1.4 horsepower per worker, in 1925 4.5 horsepower per worker, an of more than 1880 and 1926 mption fertilizer grew from 700,000 to 7,500,000 tons. Betwee of Brand points out that the land util- ized per f. worker has increased from. 20 crop-acres in 1880 t crop- acres in 1 Production of grain per man-ac increased from 12,- 000 Ibs. to 25,000 Ibs. Since 1890 far- mers ,hav@ increased their yields of wheat 17 pe oats 14 per cent} and potatoes per cent. Corres- | ponding gains are indicated in hogs | and eggs. “American farmers,” says Brand, “produce more per man than do the] farmers of any other country, a fact | this year than last year is seen by} the economists of the U. S. depart- ment of agriculture as a reflection of the lower volume of industrial em- ployment. They report labou supply and demand in clos with farm labor plentiful in of the country except the nor' south Atlantic state: ording to the re- port, are down slightly compared with last year. The average wage per month with board this July was $35.59 against $36.10 in July 1926 ges per month without board are $49.54 against $49.89; per day with| board $1.89 against $1.91; and wages | per day without board $2.44 against) $2.48 a year ago. Farm wages are now 84 per cent above pre-war. Agricultural Figures, Reports to the department of agri- culture from 13,475 farmers in all} parts of the country show an average | net return of $1133 for 1926 com- pared with $1297 for 15,330 farms in Farm wages, which many critics of socalled rural| 1925; $1205 for 15,103 in 1924; 1020 ‘fnefficiency overlook, but production | for 16,183 farms in 1923 and $917 for per acre in some crops is not as high| 6094 farms in 1922. as in other countries because farmers} The average size of the farms re- are not using the optimum amount of| porting for 1926 was 315 acres with plant food. jan average investment of $16,308. “Our average yield is only 13) Average gross receipts were $2448. | bushels, but we e only 5 Ibs. of | Average cash expenses were $1473, plant food per acre on the average | while Holland produces 41 bushels with 168 Ibs. of plant food per acre and England 31 bushels with 19 Ibs. of plant food. Nevertheless Ameri- FARM PRICES STAGNANT WASHINGTON, Aug. 7. (FP) — Despite the tom-tomming of the Cool- idge press agents that farmers will have a good year, the department of agriculture shows prices in July at the June level and 6 points lower than last year, one of the worst in farm- ing history. The price level is 180,| don a prewar average of 100, as pared with 145 for industrial rices. Sacco and Vanzetti Shall Not Die! a ineluding $386 for hired labor, $242 for livestock bought, $252 for food, $73 for fertilizer, $48 for seed, $183 for taxes, $130 for machinery tools nd $179 for miscellaneous items. CO-OPS WASHINGTON, Aug. 7. Nearly 2,000,000 farmers belong to cooperative marketing and purchas- ing organizations, the department of agriculture announces in a survey of the decade 1915-25. This represents | nearly a three-fold gain within 10 years, with a doubling in the number of organizations. Their business totalled $2,400,000,000, nine-tenths of which represented sales. Seventy per cent of the: business is done in the 13 north central and Pacific states with Minnesota lead-| ing and California second. | (FP) — What’s What in Washington “STARVATION” HOOVER SEEMS TO BE HEIR TO MANTLE OF COOLIDGE; BIG CHIEFS DECIDE {a wise, capable leader By HARVEY O'CONNOR. who can wipe | | the New School for Social Research, | retary of the committee, Celia Poli: (Federated Press) WASHINGTON, Aug. 7.—Overnight Herbert Hoover has become the big- gest figure in Republican national po- lities. For Hoover is the touchstone whose actions within the next few weeks will tell whether Calvin Cool- idge has been jerked out of the race for the 1 presidential nomination. If the secretary of commerce de- cides actively to, enter the lists for the White House competition in 1928, then the country will know that the silent but powerful figures backstage | in the Republican party have given Cal the hook and that Hoover is the heir apparent. | rious Talk ago the secretary of commerce visited the president to re- port ostensibly on the Mississippi flood situation, but they are known to have gone over the 1928 political Prospects very carefully. Im- mediately after the conference a re- port was given wide circulation that Coolidge would not be a candidate again and that Hoover would be given his official benediction as crown | prince with full rights to ascend the | throne on March 4, 1929. Hoover of course denied the reports “out of a sense of loyalty” to his chief. | Cal to Colorless. | But at that conference it may have been agreed on that Coolidge would | announce his withdrawal from the 1928 race and hand over the tremen- dously powerful political machine of the admin tion to Hoover. If that was the decision, then it becomes cer- tain that the financial and industrial kings who control the G, 0, P. have either decided that Cal isn’t strong enough to run over the third term tradition or that he can’t be trusted leadership of the government with e@ quadrennium 1929-33, be a most difficult and ne term, if certain Jeremiahs on Well Street are to be believed. These criers of woo see portentous on the horizon, of tremendously xpanded producing power (in| reality, tremendously shrufken buy- ing power of the masses); shaky| foreign investments; and _ interna-! tional and dome: complications. “Saper-Babbit” Herbert Hoover, secretary of com- merce, trusted handy man for the U. S. Chamber of Commerce and the big Wall Street financiers, an able, energetic and highly intelligent politi- | cian, is the man who fills the bill. | To the liberals he is accep eause he is an “engineer in | off the stains that eight years, of Harding-Coolidgeism have left on the| } | to. national government. To the church | people he is the big Red Cross man who’ saved the poor, starving Bel- gia: and Russians, and now the flood sufferers in the Mississippi val« ley! To the Chamber of Commerce of Zenith, U. S. A., he is the ideal Rotarian, the super-Babbitt. To the conservatives he is the safe and sane yet courageous political leader who knows that government is the ser- vant of profits. No other politician in America enjoys such wide popu- larity among the molders of public opinion; 99 per cent of the Washing- ton correspondents are his strong personal admirers. He is assured of a “good press,” a fundamental con- sideration. It has been widely held opinion in Washington that Hoover would be president in 1932. But if the powers that be have Coolidge from the race, then Hoover is four years nearer the White House. Letters From Our Readers How The DAILY WORKER Makes Friends In the morning before going to work I get the DAILY WORKER and I read it while digesting my break-| fast. Several mornings I have no- tieed on the next table to me doing the same thing—a young blond fel- ow. Comrades must know each other and I walked over and asked, “Are you a comrade?” “No not yet,” he said, “but I will become one.” He is a recent emigrant from Ger- and had no political affiliation. But his experience on the other side and the Marxism books that he reads, tells him that the Communist Party is the only party worth belonging One gmorning he greeted me: “I gotten my membership card.” We made a holiday that day. And since than we meet on party meetings and some of the duties that the party calls upon. Now at our restaurants meets we} discuss party affairs. And we have injected The DAILY WORKER into the Industrial Insurance agents, that step in for a bite in the the same place, with such success that they read The DAILY WORKER oceasion- le be- | ally and have cancelled their own in- liting.” | dustrial nolicias. pert ef NRO A, am ABS NN Ug tN i UO IRA cP SCR ~ 2,000,000 FARMERS IN. }Capitalism Develops an} Enemy Among the Thinking Students of the Nation By J. LOUIS ENGDAHL. TUDENTS, like workers, are stretching hands across the seas in support of the growing fight for the lives of Sacco and Vanzetti. It was at its demonstration against Massachusetts “justice,” rendered in the decision of Governor Alvan T. Fuller demanding that Sacco and Vanzettt burn in the electric chair, Wednesday, August 10, that the Student Sacco-Vanzetti Committee made public a telegram from the Inetrnational Youth Congress, being held at Freus- burgh, Germany, which said: “Convey our fraternal greetings and hopes for justice to Sacco and Vanzetti.” * * * The energetic struggle of the Student Sacco-Vanzetti Committee, on behalf of our ccndemned comrades, gained mpetus at the gathering held Thursday night at over which the sec- ak, presided; with peakers including Arthur Garfield Hays, the law- Leonard D. Abbott, the editor and writer; Rose esta, of the International Sacco-Vanzetti Committee, and the writer, representing the Emergency Sacco-Van- zetti Committee. Tens of thousands of+pieces of literature have been circulated already by this Students’ Committee. The students were not content to confine their demonstra- tion to the auditorium of the New School for Social Re- search, at 465-469 West 23rd Street, no matter how ex- cellent an audience came. They provided for having the speeches broadcasted over the radio. * * * This student effort will be bad news for those would be assassins among the American intelligentsia who are seeking the lives of Sacco and Vanzetti. The Students’ Committee was organized by students attending Columbia University that is headed by the arch reactionary, Nicholas Murray Butler, political and intellectual ally of John Hays Hammond, the multi-mil- liondire, who has just addressed a letter to Governor Fuller of Massachusetts, lauding him for his loyalty, thru his decision, to the murder clique that is ready on Wednesday to press the button to start the electric fire that, will burn out the lives of Sacco and Vanzetti. The student demonstration Thursday night should be bad news for Butler! Bad news for Hammond. Bad news also for the intellectual prostitutes, President Ab- bot Lawrence Lowell, of Harvard University, and Pres- ident Samuel W. Stratton, of the Massachusetts Insti- tute of Technology, who acted on Governor Fuller’s “committee” that also declared Sacco and Vanzetti “guilty!” Bad news for all the Goose-step leaders, in all America’s universities and colleges, who seek to straight-jacket the student mind of the land. . . *. the It was my privilege to point out to these students the historic role that the students had played in other lands. I told them of the sons and daughters of the workers Why Farmer John Goes to Town—The Banker Has His Land {and r,,wants of the Soviet Union Republics, who now constiiute the student body of the First Moscow Uni- versity, the oldest univ: in all Russia. Even under ezarism, however, there hi... been revolutionary elements among the student body of this university, taking their stand with the oppressed masses, resulting in troops being mobilized in the Military Training Academy across the street. During student demonstrations, I pointed out, these troops were called on to break up the gatherings held, making cruel use of the infamous Russian knout in per- forming their bloody task. It was significant, in a way, that at the Student Sacco-Vanzetti Demonstration, at the New School for Social Research, Thursday night, a score of police con- tinually hovered about the building, inside and out, and in 28d street adjoining, ready for any “development.” As in Russia, so in China today, the students are tak- ing a prominent part i the revolutionary struggle, fighting side by side with the workers and farmers. “It is, therefore, encouraging to see the students of the United States joining with the workers in this dark hour of struggle,” I pointed out. * * * Leonard D. Abbott, in opening his address, paid a tribute to The DAILY WORKER, and the fight that it was making for Sacco-Vanzetti. “I have been particularly impressed,” said Abbott, “with the declaration carried each day at the top of the first page demanding ‘Sacco and Vanzetti Shall Not Die!’ and then counting off the days as the hour of death approaches. The DAILY WORKER is waging a courageous struggle for Sacco and Vanzetti.” Not only the words of Leonard D. Abbott, but the epplause that followed, went out over the radio, which must have been bad news indeed for George L. Darte, adjutant general of the Military Order of the World War, who is one of the leaders in the attack being made on The DAILY WORKER, and who has just sent a telegram of praise to Governor Fuller. ae . * * * Abbott told of his personal acquaintance with both Sacco and Vanzetti and reviewed the seven-year fight that had been made to save them from death in the elec- tric chair. He told of the revulsion in the mind of the intellectual world against the injustice that had been done to these workers, which has brought protests from such men as Anatole France, Romain Rolland and H. G. Wells and a host of others. * * * Attorney Hays made a brilliant attack on Governor Fuller’s decision. He thought that the fate of Sacco and Vanzetti, however, was sealed, and that nothing could be done to save them from death next week. The enthusiasm of the audience, however, was catching and he was sooh compelled to enter the spirit of the oc- casion. At one point in his address, a worker in the audience called out: “But what are you going to do about it?” “What are you going to do?” asked Hays. “Y’m going to strike!” declared the worker, “All right, go ahead and strike, and I'll strike with you.” . . . The final words of Celia Polisuk, the student, was: “Keep up the fight!” But, with the conclusion of the Saceo-Vanzetti case, no matter what its outcome, capitalism is developing an enemy of no mean proportions among the students of America. CROWD GETS NEWS ease iia zetti. Picture shows a crowd waiting for news, men’a exeention. yin o stuitasiwidiienbin Huge interest is displayed in Boston over the fate of Nicola Sacco and Bartolomeo Van- expecting that some action may prevent the OF SACCO- ‘d i ‘TRADE UNIONISTS’ WIVES DISCUSS WHAT WOMEN CAN DO TO BUILD MEN’S UNIONS By HELEN G. NORTON ing labor problems, the women decid- KATONAH, N. Y., Aug. 7.—Thirty | ed. Company unionism, women in in- trade unionists’ wives, gathered at/| dustry, wages, labor legislation, eco- Brookwood Labor College for a week’s | nomics, and the public school system conference, concluded that women’s! were listed as projects for study by auxiliaries could do these things: De-| Theresa Wolfson, author of “Women build organizations that will not slump after a strike is over; develop joint activities with auxiliaries of other service to individuals and families in special need; have enough social ac- the organization active and familiar; plan for educational work; get to- | gether for the organization of teachers and office workers and create a home atmosphere friendly to labor. The wife who won’t take an inter- est in her husband’s union activities and the husband who snubs his wife if she does were both severely scored. “We need a union home, not merely a union man,” someone said. Auxiliary meetings should devote less time to floor work and seeing which committee can furnish the best refreshments, and more time to study- unions; preach labor in other women’s | anizations; build loyalty by al | ee ore Cathcart diel RAN actual | need for organizing women workers tivities to warm the hearts and keep | velop confmon interests with the men, | Workers and the Trade Unions.” The position of women in industry today was reviewed by Mary Ander- son, director Women’s Bureau, U. S. Dept. of Labor. She emphasized the |and scored hard-shelled labor unfons which refused to organize the women in their industries, pointing out that so long as women worked for lower wages, the men’s jobs were not safe. The women at the conference repre- sented auxiliaries of machinists. in railway shops, automobile factories and shipyards, lithographers, carpen- ters and postal clerks, They came from as far north as Montreal and New Brunswick, as far south as Vir- ginia, and as far west as Detroit and Chicago. The institute was sponsored jointly by the educational department of the machinists’ auxiliary and Brookwood Labor College. DETROIT, Aug 7 (FP).—Because women can do the semi-skilled work of running punch presses and drills in the auto factories, men are being laid off to join the mob of unem- ployed Detroit workers. Women are given the jobs because the prevailing wage for them is 20 to 30 cents an hour lower for the same work. De- troit is beginning to take on the as- pects of a “she-town” in which the woman works out and the man looks after the kids. The Ford Worker, published at 1967 Grand River Ave., by radical workers in the Ford plant, carries in, its July 15 issue a letter from an American- born Ford employe who had been on ee AUTO MAGNATES START MAKING DETROIT A “SHE-TOWN” the Ford payroll & years, getting late- ly $6.80 a day. But work got scarce and in the spring he was laid off in- definitely. Unable to find work else- where to maintain his wife and 8 children he finally consented to have her look for a job. He writes: “She was ‘luckier’ than I was. She got a job running a drill press fer 30 cents an hour. She could do the work as well as I could so the con- cern hired her because she @as cheap- er. If she-had refused it some other woman would have taken it. So I stay home and send the kids to school to learn all about this great land of CO-OPERATIVES the free.” | Stephenson Bribed Negroes Too. D. C. Stephenson, Grand Dragon of Indiana scattered his checks about freely. The inves- ex-K. K. K.|dam International. AFRICAN CHIEFS FORM CO-OPERATIVES; | ____ FLOOD OUTRAGES; OTHER NEGRO NOTES are now affiliated with the Amster- Kadalie, the lead- er of the native union, is in EBurepe now, probably for the Amsterdam tigation now going on has uncovered | International Convention. He plans one paid to a Negro newspaper, The | to come to America later for a loc- Indianapolis Ledger. This was for|ture tour, publicity in the colored sheet to in-/| Militarism in Haiti. sure white supremacy and the elec-| The committee sent from this coun- tion of Gov. Ed. Jackson, The Ledger|try by the Women’s International has since gone out of business. | League for Peace and Freedom some * * * months ago, to study conditions in Chicago Negroes Want Unions. | Haiti, has isswed its report. This re- The Committee for the Promotion |port states that the committee finds ers has been formed ih * Chicago. * * African Chiefs Form Co-ops. Africa have formed co-operative so- cieties for the steady marketing of for shipments to America. for cocoa, palm oil and mahogany. Forced to Withdraw Obnoxious Clauses. The Hertzog government was so hard pressed by labor members of the South-African parliament that it was forced to withdraw the so-called sedition clauses in the Native Admin- istration bill now before the House. The Industrial and Commercial Work- er’s union, a native organization, pro- tested the measure also, along with the South African Labor Party. Ar- thur Barlow, jabor member warned parliament, that the South African Labor Party would stand by nativg union, as it was part of the organized labor movement of the world. The African chiefs on the west coast of | ments. of Trade Unipns among Negro Work-|the conditions in the island somewhat limproved. It goes on to recommend ;the appointment of an official com- | mission to study transition arrange- That the island be demili- | tarized, That non-commissioned of- ficers be replaced by Haitians or tropical products. W. Tete-Ansa from | suitably commissioned marine corps the Gold Coast and Chief Amoah of | officers. Nigeria have been in this country for be modified. some weeks to make arrangements| be asked to pay market rate of inter- West | est on government deposits. ‘That the Africa has been dealing with London, | Rockefeller Foundation continue its but the representatives of the co-op-| welfare work. And finally that after eratives are seeking a wider market/| the election of a parliament responsi- That the Protocol of 1915 That American banks |ble to the people, another commission | be appointed.” The committee that went to Haiti were Emily Balch |Greene, Zonia Baber, Addie Waite Hunton, Charlotte Atwood, Paul Douglass and Mrs. H. S. Watson. * * * Outrages on Negroes During Flood. Roused by the many recent out- rages against Negroes in the flood area, the Mississippi Women’s Com- mittee on Racial Relations of Jack- son has registered its protest against lynch and mob law. It will work for better school facilities throughout the state and will help the colored club women to maintain a home for delin- quent Negro boys. To show its good faith the committee will ask several Industrial and Commercial WorkersNegro women to serve on its body. are described in’ the current issue of Co-operation, organ of the Coopera- tive League. Most of the groups are of Italian workers and some have had stores for as long as 20 years. The cooperative have survived several | Mass,, strikes and the unions which sprang! mouth, N. H. and New Haven, Conn. TEXTILE WORKERS HAVE CO-OP STORES Cooperative stores of a number of} up only to disappear again. New England textile workers’ groups | Stafford Springs, Conn. has one cooperative store with 180 members. It is a wool mill town of 7,000. Win- chendon and Lawrence, Mass. have textile workers’ coops. Barre, Vt., has one of quarry workers. There are others in Sagamore and Plymouth, Leominster, Mass. and Ports- Four Singing Societies Help WorkersMovement There are four singing societies in Los Angeles the Lithpanian, Hun- garian, Ukranian and Jewish. They are always ready to donate their ser- vices to the Left Wing. Besides there are the Freiheit Mandolin Orchestra, Wagner Junior Orchestra, and the Freiheit Yugend Club. The Freiheit Gasangs Feréin is one They meet every Monday night at the Freight Conductor Hurt When Runaway Train in Ann Arbor Wrecks Bank ANN ARBOR, Mich, Aug. 7.— | Four freight cars broke loose from a Detroit United Railway train today on the brow of a hill and rolling down, grade into the city jumped the tracka at Main and Huron Streets and de- ga the Farmers and Mechanica” ban!