The Daily Worker Newspaper, June 16, 1927, Page 3

ee f: {| i (Nationalist News Agency. HANKOW, May 7, (By Mail)— Some small boys were drummer lads; some were water cartiers;—and some —hist my hearties—~some very, very youthful spies! ‘ Every young lad in America, read- ing the history of the part taken in the 1776 revolution by youths, halts with shining eyes—with fast beat- ing heart, to think-— “T could have done that, “Gosh! Why don’t we have another revolution so that I—” And then the mad, wild dreams— the image of leading a great army, bearing a streaming flag aloft. In far-off China small boys need not dream of taking part in a revo- lution, They are—thousands of them serv- a NATIONALIST PIONEERS OF CHINA THE DAILY WORKER, ‘three inches wide. Whenever they | meet one another, they must salute. | Wherever they go, they must take their staffs with them. Training of the “Day shift” boys corps is con- {ducted by the labor unions from 6 to 9 a. m.; training of “night shift” from 6 to 9 in the evenings. The first group of bo was | formed last September at Chifokow, Hankow. Thereafter all of the dis- tricts ‘followed the example. On February 26, the Hupeh Provincial Organization was established at the headquarters of the Provincial La- bor Union. The total number of Boys’ Corps members in Hupeh, it is estimated, is | about 30,000, During the past three months, they have been carrying on lvilling, singing, lecturing, studying img a useful purpose in the present struggle. China, like America in| 1776, is striving to shake off the shackles of British domination and| imperialism. And her small boys | @re taking no small part in the fight. Thirty thousand boys between the! @ges of 6 and 18 are organized in| a Boys’ Corps in Nationalist China. | Clad in neat khaki, red handker- chiefs twisted about their shoulders, | sturdy staffs in their hands—you| find these youths everywhere—on Duty. “An astonishing activity that is be- tne carried on by these .boys,” one official report states, “is to persuade all women to unbind their feet.” You see these small lads, early inj the morning, marching to factories in crowds, carrying banners in- seribed— “We want a shorter working day— eight hours are enough.” Late at night you find them keep- ing order at revolutionary street} meetings. Mass Meeting. At a great mass gathering re- cently, when 200,000 people met in| celebration, and 16,000 members of | the Boys’ Corps acted as guards, a) group of foreigners was inadvert-| ently caught in a rush for the gate. “To have stumbled in that great! mass of moving people would have! meant certain death,” an American! girl, a member of the party told later. “My shoes were trampled from my | feet—the crowd seemed to have lost) sense of direction and milled back and forward in horrible confusion— yet, I was never too,frightened. Al-! ‘ways somewhere in the multitude, I Boys’ Corps of the working cla the Boys’ Corps of the student class, and the Boys’ Corps of the peasant class. Altho these boys are of three classes df people, yet their objects and methods of organization identica!—to fasten the working spirit, promote community life, de-| velop the spirit of sacrifices and bravery, and to further the interests of laborers and peasants. Surprising Progress. Besides the development of the Boys’ Corps during the last three months in Hupeh province, there are in Shanghai about 10,600 youths, in Hunan 56,000, and in Kwangtung 8,000. The other provinces have not yet organized, but the students’ unions, the labor unions, and the pea- WELLS RAPS FAS “Ttaly is now the Sick Land of Eu- rope, a fever patient, flushed with hectic resemblance to health and still capable of convulsive but not of sus- tained violence,” writes H. G. Wells, British author, in a current periodical. “She has fallen out of the general circle of European development: ghe is no longer a factor in progressive civilization. In the attempts to con- solidate European affairs that will be going on the next decade, Italy will be | watched rather the» ronsulted. She has murdered or exiled all her F peans. “The deadliest thing about fascism is its systematic and ingenious and complete destruction of all criticism and critical opposition. It is leaving which it is in contact... »| Sons’ unions in the are! could see the khaki uniform of a| Fascism is holding up the whole ap- Boys’ Corps member, trapped just) paratus of thought and education in as I—but every valiantly waving his; Italy, killing. or driving ovt of the stick aloft, calling out directions to! country every capable thinker, clear- the crowd—attempting to subdue the/ing out the last nests of independent confusion. Eventually, the boys} expression in the universities. Mean- were successful.” The Boys’ Corps movement may) cstrange every foreign power with be divided into three types; the} which it is in contat. . . | while *its*militant gestires alarm and | rious province: have adopted measures to organize | Boys’ Corps in the immediate future. Although the organization in Hupeh, | was formed only three months ago, it has made surprisingly rapid pro- |gress. The foilowing is the creed of the Boys’ Corps, or rather the rules which they must obey: 3ovs must be obedient to their of- ficers; they must protect the in- terests of-the laborers; they must be friendiy to one another; they must not drink, smoke, gamble or entertain any superstitious ide their slogan: are “Down with imperialism, militar ism;” and they must become mast of the world. The flag of the boys is five and| a half feet long and three feet and? trai revolutionary /knowledge, and other) s’ activities’ as tailoring, cooking, propagating laborers’ and peasants’ | movements, An astonishing activity that, is being carried on by these youths is to persuade al! women to| |unbind their feet. As a result, foot- | binding .has been remarkably dimin- ished in Wuhan recently. To Eradicate. In order to eradicate the oppres-| sion of imperialists and to further] | the welfare of the working class, the| lads have pledged themselves to car- s|ry out the following program: 1. To strengthen the Boys’ organ- | izations in Wuhan, to form red cross | corps, bands, and propaganda groups. To establish an institute for ning leaders and workers for or- -~~-| ganizing Boys’ Corps. | CISM AS MENACE | 3. To collect and compile materials | for the boys of the working class to} | study. | | 4. To hold health propaganda “Yet no European country is less weeks. : Nig bipnile OF Caresiane Oh a cisdesa wat [oe To exterminate all feudal influ-; fs a basa ences, superstition, and medieaval than Italy; she has neither the coal, steel nor chemical industries neces- sary, and equally is she ineapable of thought in China. i 6. To teach the relationship be- : P nee vee’ workers and the labor developing a modern industrialism vee the . * et H without external resources. Her popu- | U0 Te 1 b beceden en Wheaten lation increases checked; and be- A a aces Ri sige Saagallbe en the hours of work for boys. Besides the Boys’ Corps organized neath all the blare and bluster of this |apparently renascent Italy there ac- i jcumulates a congestion of underedu-|and directed by the labor unions, cated and what will soon be underfed| there are boy scouts in various millions, schools in Wuhan. These boy scouts »| will be organized by the Wuhan Stu- Bleed Workers and Peasants dents’ Union. The methods of reor- “Tt seems to me that the horoscope | £anizing these boy scouts, their creed of Italy reads something after this) 2nd principles, and works will be fashion: This romantic, magnificent | the same as‘ those of the Boys’ Corps patriotic fascist party, so exalted and | just organized among the workers’ devoted in its profession, will continue | Children and relations. to grip the land; but of nec: it The following is a table showing |must beconie more!and mor ser- the number of Boys’ Corps members} |vant of foreign and domestic capital,‘ China: and more and more must it set itself Hupeh + ?0,000 to reduce its dear and beloved Italy Shanghai . 10,000 to a congested country of sweated Hunan 5,000 workers and terrorized peasants, until Kwangtung 3,000 {at last it will be seen plainly as the in-! es dustrial slim of Europe. ) . 48,000 ARTICLE II. Labor Legislation. - The Labor Movement of India Activities of All-India Trade Union Congress. With the general increase of or- After having been dragged out for the Legislative Assembly and the In- |two years, after prolonged discussions | ganized workers in India, the last|dia State Council finally confirmed year shows us a certain numerical/the “law on registration of trade strengthening of the trade union cen-| unions” on the 2nd of February, 1926. ter, the All-India Trade Union Con-|The new law legalizing the registra- gress and its five provincial depart-|tion of trade unions (the law admits | ments. At the 6th Trade Union Con-| the principle of “revolutionary” regis- gress held in January, 1926, 52 unions| tration) giving certain advantages| with a general membership of 125,-| (for example, the right of forming 000 were represented. (At the 5th! special funds for political objects),’ Congress, February, 1925, 37 unions | actually has set up a careful govern- with 90,000 members were represent-| ment control on registration of work- ed.) At the present moment the nu-!ers’ organizations and in a most dis- merical strength represented by the| honest fashion limits their freedom. congress is considerably greater than| (Details on this were published in our the foregoing figure of 125,000 work-| publication ‘International Labor ers. | Movement” No. 18-19, 1926.) But At the 6th Congress held, as stated even against such a narrow and lim- earlier, in January, 1926, many reso-| ited law—it came into foree only in lutions were taken, the most impor-| April, 1927—the employers’ organiza- tant of which are as follows: | I. To find out whether the unions desire the formation’ of an Indian Labor Party. i II. To demand the introduction of | an 8-hour day in India. | Ill. To demand that women be pro- ers’ organizations, has not moved! national Labor Movement” No, 43, hibited from working,underground. | IV. To insist that workers’ organ- izations have, the right of electing; their representatives in the legislative! been finally adopted the employers galor (4 killed and 14 wounded), jendeavored to immediately fit in with| ( 7 At the present time there is a sys-|the new situation and to get as much| Railwaymen’s Union in Negapatam, tem by which workers’ representa-| benefit from it as they possibly could. | where documents wero rifled and tives are appointed in the Indian| The new law had not yet been adopt-| members of the union management Legislative Assembly and in the pro-!ed, when in Madras a “Union of Fac-| arrested, ‘ ;tory Workers of Buckingham and) Attitude To British Miners’ Strike, organs of the country. rincial Legislative Councils. ' few salient features distinguish’ can be considered a novelty in the history of these congresses. It was at the 6th Congress and for the first time that the question of the! necessity and importance of organiz- ing the agricultural workers of India was raised, The number of agricul- tural workers reaches 21,676,107, | “In the current work of the congress we notice that during the past year a stubborn fight was put up by the congress to have workers’ recognized by government institutions and private enterprises. Much work was also done to put into effect and to introduce in the government legis-| lative organs the scheme worked out by the congress on a labor govern- ment. It is necessary to point out here that actually the congress plays an unsignificant role in the trade life of India, although lately oes e sphere of influence, tions fought long and stubbornly. Besides the law on trade unions an- other lave is stipulating when wages have to be paid and on fines, The law on arbi- tration, despite the demands of work- ahead up to the present time. Employers and T. U. Movement. After the law on trade unions had Karnatic,” made its appearance, th@ Congress. For instance President | formed by the employers and totally was welcomed by the workers of In-! iti in his speech gave a fairly ex-|under their control and influence. | dia. ive account of the trade union) From the very: first day of its exis-|ings were held at which resolutions ent of India as developed ia! tence this union commenced a stub-|of sympathy and collections were ifferent branches of industry, born struggle with the existing Ma-|made. Especially active were work- dras Workers’ Union, and in spite of the campaign carried on against this. employers’ union, the All-lndia Con- gress and Bengal Trade Union Feder- ation continues to exist, Similar cases were reported from the Great Indian Railroad where the management stubbornly and contin- ually endeavored to organize “councils of employes” io be under its influ- ence, to take the placo of the existing w unions) trade Labor Movement in the Local Gov- ernments, A wido strike movement among the most backward and opprossed strata of the. Indian proletariat character- ized 1926, which movement was chief- ly taken up by the workers of the local governments, For an example Le pl of this, we draw the attention of the ree sees ‘aysor A | now being prepared) i | , Labor Movement,” 1926). Both these ; ed by its secretary, Tom Shaw, is vis-| strikes were well organized and car-! iting India. Also member of British ried out in a comradely fashion. This| Labor Party and member of parlia-| evidently bespeaks the break now tak-| ment, Lawrence is on a visit too. The ing place in the temper of the back-' chief purpose of all these visits to! |ward and oppressed working masses,| India is to study the political and in- and demonstrates the growth of their dustrial position of the country, labor class-consciousness. In both strikes, conditions of the Indian workers, despite the fact that experience and a! trade union development in India and, proper lead were lacking, the work-/ mainly, to set up connections with the ers nevertheless achieved tangible re- Indian labor movement and guide it sults: In Indor the 14 heur working-| into reformist channels. day was abolished, in Mayor, wages! ‘The British reformists are using were partially increased. As a result} two methods to get control of the In- of these strikes strong unions have qian trade union movement: By draw- | been organized in Maysor and’ Indor, ing the Indian trade unions into the| which immediately drew in compara-| Amsterdam International and by} tively large numbers of. workers. forming an Indian labor party after| Repr m | the model of the British “Labor Par- The growing activity of the work-|ty”, It is necessary to notice that | ing class and the stubbornness with| at, the present time some results have which they defend themselves against} heey achieved by them. By the end} jthe onslaught of capital, was coun-/of 1926 the All-India Railwaymen’s| | teracted by the government with ruth- Federation, Bengal Sailors’ Union and | \less and oppressive measures. The| Union of Indian Sailors in Calcutta) following facts will illustrate this: | joined the Amsterdam International. | (1) Large numbers of striking| Besides this a National Labor Party metal workers in Bombay were. ar-|of India has been formed in Calcutta, rested in August, 1926. (See “Inter-| which actually is not # party of the | Working class, but a bourgeois-philan-| | thropic society. | The successes of reformism in India| ‘are due in great measure to the In-| |dian “labor” leaders. The latter ener-| jgetically preach the idea of close co-| | operation between labor and capital} and take all measures to curb revolu- | tionary activity which is rousing tho henge erg F take part ac-| . 5 | tively in political life, Of course it News of the British miners’ strike | +064 not be said that the Indian work- ing masses took no part in carrying the decision on entering the Amster- dam International or to create the so-called “Labor” Party. Under the directions of the British Labor Party all this “work” was carried out by the ieaders of tho Indian trade union movment, among whom are quite a | 1926.) (2) A peaceful gathering of strik- |ing workers were shot down in Ben (3) The raid on the building of the Throughout the country meet-! | ers’ organizations in Bombay, To help the British striking miners a com- ‘mittee of action was formed by the ‘Bengal miners, which, by the way, | suggested a solidarity strike, but were mumber of direct agenta of the Anglo- lunable to carry. st out, Indian bourgeoisie and government, The Amsterdam International, British P Pi AMOS Reformists and the Indian Labor In general, the struggle between Movement, labor and eapltal ia strengthening; Especially during the last year and the class-consclousness of the In- have the activities of tho British re-|dlan proletariat 1s growing, The most formists In Indla, which have a com-|backward ranks of the working paratively long history, been energett-| masses are preparing to onter the cally carried out, The British Labor|stragg’e; and the number of workers Party took all measures to control the|crgunined is increasing, while the gap developing British trade union moves! between Teprosenta- ment and (6 guide {t through reform. | tives the {a growing ist channels, OnE Oe me See wider and cutting them off from the ing leaders of the British labor masses, Tho Indian proletariat is Trade fa no 'W YORK, THURSDAY, J HIST! PIONEERS! BOYS OF SIX ARE FIGHTING IN THE CHINESE REVOLUTION Free State in = | Cosgrave governm E 16, 1927 Page Three Political Chaos After Election The heaviest gains in the elections were made by the Irish Labor Party| which now has 22 seats as against 15 in the late Dail. Reports that the Labor Party would enter into a coali- tion with the Cosgrave gover were denied by deputy Mor ey of | Tipperary. His denial, however, would indicate that the right wing of the party intends to have an unofficial understanding with Cosgrave and that they will give the government condi-| tional support. Victorious in Irish Elections | | Dee | —<—<—<— Countess Marklevicz. Countess Markievicz acquired the title thru marriage with a Polish count from whom she separated ow- ing to differences of opinion over the! war. She belongs to the more radical wing of the Republican movement and considers herself a Workers’ Repub- lican, She took part in the Easter Week rebellion with James Connolly and other leaders and was sentenced to death, a sentence afterwards com- muted. She was the first woman ever elected to the British house of com- mons but’ refused to take her seat,| since she did not recognize the right of the imperialist parliament to legis- late for the people of Ireland. She | has just been elected to the Dail from; South Dublin, in opposition to the \SACCO and VANZETTI | SHALL. NOT DIE!) | year’s congress will CHANG TSO LIN DECLARES MARTIAL (Continued from Page One) Government participated in the con- ference. Report Nationalist Victory Reports from Wuhan state that Nationalist troops have wo decisive over Yang Sen's army. 2 ‘en is a lieutenant of Chang so-lin’s) and occupied Yaoyakan. Trade union d other workers and peasant’s organizations are protest- ing against the dispatch of British and Japanese troops to Shantung and American marines to Tientsin, re- ports from Wuhan state. | Labor Conference Scores Imperialism The Pan-Pacific Trade Union Con- gress has published an appeal to the workers of the world, declaring that only an energetic protest can prevent the dispatch of imperialist troops to China. The opening of the All-China Trade Union Congress has been fixed for July 19th. (L year’s congress rep- resented more than a million organ- ized workers; it is expected that this represent close to three million organized workers.) * * * Open Labor Ministry WUHAN (Hankow), June 2 (D layed).—The Agricultural Ministry by Tang Ping-chan. In his address he placed the prob- lems of the peasantry into three categories. In north China. he said, the prin- cipal problem of the peasantry is the struggle against the militarist in Honan the chief problem is co-opera- tion with the revolutionary army (the capture of virtually all of Honan by | |General Feng changes the problem | been established by the police, who for the Honan peasantry); in Hunan} and Hupeh the chief problem is the organization of the peasantry. * * * Call For War On Chiang SHANGHAI, June 2. (delayed).— The Shanghai Trades Council. which s dissolved by Chiang Kai-shek in April issued an illegal manifesto on May 30th, Commemoration Day for the Shanghai massacre. The manifesto appeals to the work- ing class to fight against Chiang Kal- shek “the new militarist and traitor to the working class.” . * . ¥ PEKI success Chang Chang possib’ lord, gade Nationalist. Although Chiang Kai-shek has de- Lord Alliance Fizzles G, June 15.—Reports of the of the negotiations between Tso-lin, Sun Chuan-fang and Tsung-chang eliminate ; tur jlin state that Ge the }on “Sovietism and Bolshev ty of a combination of war|devoted mainly to luding Chiang Kai-shek, rene- [nage and propagand LAW AS NATIONALISTS NEAR PEKING advance of the Nationalist troops even simpler than they had supposed. The capture of Peking by the Na- tionalist troops is imminent, and there is talk here among foreigners of re- cruiting a band of foreign brigands and adventurers, most of them White Ru ns, to fight the Nationalist cap- of the city. Reports from Ber- eral Wrangel is re~ of white guards for eruiting an arr service in China. Eovpt Used as Base For British Anti- Soviet Propaganda CAIRQ, June 15.-—How deeply Brit ish imperialism has sunk its fangs in+ to the li ‘abric of Egyptian nee tion is evidenced by the open usurpa- tion of police control by British offi- ls and their filtrati the high- positions in the dor ic admin- istration of the E, tian Government. | To accomplish its purposes, the eon- | was solemnly opened a few days ago} | white guard Rus querors are using here, as elsewhere, an mercenaries, In Alexandria the police force is frankly u r British control, and in Cairo, Russell Pasha is Chief of Po- lice. There is an unconcealed traffie between these British agents and tHe Russian emigré White Guards, who are eager to sell th services as agent-provocateurs. To facilitate this commerce, a “Russian Bureau” has have placed at its head the Czarist ex-general consul, Petrow: Thousands of counter-revolutionary Russian emigrants have found sanctu- ary in this hotbed of anti-working class and imperialist intrigue, and it continues to be the s al of the na- tion that even at this late day the Egyptian Government still reeognizes the White Guardist mission as the of- ficial Russian representatives. An active anti-Soviet and anti-Bob shevist propaganda is carried on by these emigrés, subsidized by and un- der the protection of the British Gov- ernment agents, and it is stated here, on good authority, that only recently a sum of 10,000 pounds sterling was assigned to the local authorities for the avowed purpose of waging war ” to be espio- an anti-Sov Frederick A. Lester, formerly a mo- clared his willingness to ally himself|tion picture actor, was arraigned in with Sun Chaun-fang from whom he|Prooklyn yesterday on a charge of took Shanghai, he is unwilling to en-|grand larceny. ter a combination Chuan-fang, Shantungese war lord. The failure of the Chiang Kai-shek- | filled with women’ Detectives had ar- including Sunj|rested him after they broke into his apartment and found seven suitcases clothes and silk Chang Tso-lin negotiations makes the goods valued at $5,000 NEW YORK -- LENINGRAD -MOSCOW The great experiments of the first Work- ers’ Republic—the beauty spots of old Russia, the achievements of young Russia ‘—are waiting for you to visit on a special SIX WEEKS’ TRIP TO RUSSIA starting July 14 By steamer direct to Leningrad; then by rail to Moscow, seeing all nearby places of interest and the sights of both cities, $575 IS THE ENTIRE COST of the tour, including all expenses for steamer and rail fares, meals, rooms, theatre tickets, sight-seeing trips, etc. A RARE OPPORTUNITY Seize it now by writing for further in- formation to the WORLD TOURTATS, Room 803 41 Union Square, New York City ee STUY, 7261, fi INC. |