The Daily Worker Newspaper, May 6, 1927, Page 3

THE DAILY WORKER, NEW YORK, FRIDAY, MAY 6, 1927 Speech Delivered by Sun Yat-sen AT A MEETING OF CHINESE WORKERS MAY 1, 1924 Comrades, we meet here today to celebrate the first of May as the other workers in other countries cele- brate it Why do the workers of the whole world celebrate the Ist of May? Because 39 years ago the American | workers. organized themselves, made a demonstration, and demanded the eight-hour day from their employers: 8 hours work, 8 hours. rest, and 8 hours for education. This led to the abolition of slave labor. Therefore, the American workers celebrate this anniversary. As result of this the May day celebration spread to Eu- rope, and the Ruropean workers be- gan to make the same ag a the American workers. The ‘opean workers, like the American, have been victorious in this struggle. The May day celebration has become custo- mary among the European workers, and has spread all over the world. The May day celebration is a victory won by the working class over the capitalists, and therefore we must welcome it. The Chinese Workers. When the workers of China cele- brate this anniversary, they must re- member the position of the Chinese workers. If we are to understand the position of the Chinese workers, we must first understand the position of China at the present time. China is today the poorest and weakest of | organizations. The Chinese workers,| balance adverse to the amount of 500, of one power, then each is subject to ‘the yoke of that one power only. |China, on the other hand, has been made the slave of many countries by the unequal treaties concluded by the |Manchu dynasty. These unequal treaties have robbed the Chinese | people of many vights, and differ in | nothing from treaties over the sale of slaves, | Thirteen years ago we overthrew {the Manchu dynasty, and freed our- selves in one respect, but we did not }sueceed in abolishing the unequal | treaties, and therefore we have re-| mained slaves as before. At one time | | we were under a double yoke; now | it is a single yoke, but still we have many masters. to serve, and therefore our position is much worse than that |of Korea or Indochina, You must | | remember that it is more difficult to serve many masters than one. There is a Chinese proverb which says: If | | you satisfy vour mother-in-law, still j; you have not yet satisfied your wife. | China is in this position, and has | much more to suffer than Korea er \Indochina. As a. result of this po-| | sition of China other nations despise the Chinese people. } Must Organize. | Comrades, if we are to celebrate the Ist of May as it should be celebrated, we must be organized. The other civilized countries have their labor| Chinese goods. In this way the Chi- | nese workers suffer indirectly. Be-| fore the Europeans forced their way | in, the Chinese *workers supported | themselves by agriculture and handi- | crafts, but since China has been} opened up to foreign countries, the competition of foreign goods has made it impossible for the Chinese masses to earn their living. In China there are foreign notes in circulation, and these reduce the value of the Chi- nese corrency. Formally, China is an independent country, but in reality it is a colony, oppressed by economic dependence; therefore the Chinese! workers are not able to gain the means of existence. ts Trade consists of the exchange of. goods required by the various coun- tri China imports industrial prod- ucts and exports raw mater Ms trade balance is however adverse to the amount of 500 million dollars | which means that China loses to the | extent of 500 million dollars yearly, Formerly the Chinese workers did not {suffer from foreign oppression, but now the adverse trade balance presses |like a heavy burden upon their wages. | China's trade balance was not always so adverse. Ten years ago the deficit was 200 million dollars; now it is 500 million, and if it continues to increase at this rate, it will have reached a milliard: ten. years hence. A trade countries, and is under the yoke of | have taken over the strike from other | millions is a heavy disadvantage to the imperialist powers. The position of Chira is much worse than that of | Day celebration from the workers of the deficit is doubled? many colonial countries, instance, Korea is a colony of Japan, Indochina a colony of France. Korea and Indochina play no role of im- portance among the peoples of the world. But since Korea and Indo- china are each the enslaved countries A: CeCy woe ‘ As a Doctor Sees It By B. LIBER With 64 Pencil Sketches by the author. This _ interesting new volume is the kind of a book that can be recommend- ed to every worker. A critic says: “it certainly sums up the. total of .haman misery that a physician ix able to observe in a city ay dramati- anything [ hav 2 $1.50 Postpaid. che obo abn ode al enon ole ale ebe ate aa Put Some Power In * | countries, and again we take this May | Thus, for| other lands. What is the position of | difficulties lie still before us. |the workers in the different coun-| tries? } In the civilized countries the work- | ers have their organizations. against the capitalists because of the this world. The capitalists of the! civilized countries treat their workers | with increasing cruelty, and therefore the workers of these countries are fighting against the capitalists, and to change these conditions. Such con- | ditions obtained in all countries, and | therefore the workers of all countries | are uniting in a common fight against the capitalists. The Industrial Revolution. The character of capitalism has | been changed by the industrial revo- | \lution. The industrial revolution | | changed the methods of production, | | and developed industry from handi- |eraft production. Factory production thas accelerated the speed of produc- tion by the introduction of machinery, | and the owners of the machinery have thus become capitalists. The capital- ists utilize their wealth for the ex- ploitation, of the workers, and ex-/ tend their power to other countries: | |The difference between the foreign | land the Chinese workers consists of | the fact that the workers. of éther | countries are under the yoke of their | own capitalists, and are in such spe- cial cireumstances that their govern- | ments issue laws regulating the ex-| _ploitation of labor. ‘ | The, workets of other countries, ' | therefore, though exploited by their. | capitalists, enjoy a certain measure of protection from their govern- ments. In China industry is not much develoned. In China there are us; what will be our situation when) Our greatest | How | can we fight against them? The! workers of other countries are op-| pressed by their capitalists, the Chi. | is the object of these labor organiza- | Remember the difference between the | good cxample, v tions? The workers organize to fight | Chinese and the foreign workers. The , bility on yourselves as the Russian foreign capitalists suppress the Chi-| the trades people. Look To Russia Comrades, how can we combat this economic slavery, and attain a posi- tion equal to that of the foreign | workers? Foreign workers find pro- | tection with, the governments of their | countries, and have therefore not so} much to fear the prosnect of an eco- nomic situation so difficult as oursf’ The foreign workers have made uge | of their liberties, and have organized labor unions. In Russia the organized | workers have overthrown the antoc- | racy and established the dictatorship of the proletariat, under which all power is in the hands of the workers. Jnst imagine the position of the Rys- sian workers at the present time. In this manner the position of the work- ers in the different countries im-| proves gradually, and they can better | solve the difficult problems by which they are faced. End Exploitation Tf the Chinese workers want to pur- | sue the same course as the workers of other countries, to solve their dif- | | ficult problems, and to prevent .the rise of Chinese capitalism, that is not so difficult; but we must go still fur- | | ther, we must save the 500 million dollars lost by the adverse trade bal- | ance. The Chinese capitalists are not strong enough to exploit the Chinese workers. The Chinese workers are Page Three SUN YAT SEN—FOU What | nese workerss by foreign capitalists. | Russia and of Great Britain set us a, If you take responsi- and British workers have done, you) | injustice suffered by the workers in| nese intellectuals, the peasantry, and|™uSt follow my three principles and | five rules. | Follow Three Principles Comrades, if you follow the three principles which I have laid down, | you will attain the same position as that reached by the workers of Rus- sia and England. ER OF THE KUOMINTANG. The economic struggle for shorter working hours and higher wages is not the only problem confronting you; there are other much more important political tasks. In the pursuance of yeur political aims you must follow my three principles, and support the revolution. If you come to the aid of the revolution, and follow my three principles, then the meeting of today will achieve good results. ENGDAHL SPEAKS AT DEMONSTRATION OF 50,000 (Continued from Page One) ; own band and a host of banners, at~ |tracted much attention. The Youth Delegation from Saxony carried a banner d ing, “We Come From Red Saxony!” The Wedding Com- munists were conspicuous as were those from’ Coioght. Always’ the music and the singing kept growing in volume. ‘The party leaders came, among them Ernst Thalmann, leader of the.German Party, who | showed intense interest in the Chinese situation and declared the utmost, must’ be done to meet successfully the crisis growing out of the betrayal by the right wing Kuomintang leaders. Thalmann was the party candidate against Von Hindenburg in the last national election. He appears younger than his early forties. | was greeted enthusiastically every- | where he went. | Here were delegates and delega- \tions from foreign countries, the the; He! WORKERS IN HAMBURG, GERMANY Jin our procession there was a work- ing class standard carried in Ger- many’s revolutionary struggle of 1848 which, altho unsuccessful, marked a great effort on the part of the German working class. ally the procession had entirely arrived. We were martialled toyether and proceeded to a place set apart from which the parade of banners was to proceed to the praesidium.. With a lane thru,the throng made by Red Front Fighters proceeded, first ja Red Front Guard, then a band of music playing, n the Pa Youth leaders and visiting de then the banners, up to the spea platform, about which the banners made a huge red circle, | Many Speakers Present. Again, the program of speaking | j and the presentation of new banners, {one of which was given to the Brit- ish Youth Delegate, Massei, to take ith him back home to England, con- class quarte for ciet st lice protection, for the overthrow o the shirt tho devils, ernmental, police force of Berlin trade city fascist lice safe from ‘German Fascists in Mellon Has Banker | Beer Room Rict as Put in Charge of Police Shield Them Farm Loan Bureau BERLIN, Ma are The working hing with scorn fascist “Steel Helmet” vhich is staging a demon tion Sunday, under complete po- the S0- republie and th of a frankly black- similar to Mussolini’s Hindenbur ablishment regime, n Italy. The Helme composed of dare- lly anti-gov- the entire its 1 reactionary “Steel nominally and theore has hi to save it the wrath from workers. All or the Communists forbidden the meetings unio gove of by Ament or outbreak.” A cordon thrown completely P he f po- o be s of the re-! pre- the onary meeting cons fre harm, the wrath not to them e govern- a ent any but eep the 2 worke Wave The Bee While th tein, ons are being anization in volidge Meyer, J ke: Le oper as executi interfere able the banking i RIO who ae: WASHINGTON, May 5.—President decided to name Eugene a Democrat, as executive a d Federal Farm rned today. pointment will be announced rite House within a few days, endorsed for the post by of ; sury Mellon, arly the bank- ad of t yan Bur a decade as x director of the War Finance will succeed Robert A, commissioner of whose resig- the president. the United States raged and there is om the bankers’ point of y anything that will immensely profit- e farm loans, been placed rnment loan or- , Mellon’s man, Meyer managi Corpore Ce I} who arm Loan B ion was teque As the farmer business Floatless Airplane Near, JANEIRO, May 5,—Captain an, intrepid French aviator ma g an attempted flight ross the ntie today without Ro floats on his plane, sent a cable to y discovery of a} f Nationali per reporte and:the French Consul at Pernambuco an evang at one of their meet-| prior to his departure from St. Louis, ings. The fas called this meet- | Senegal, announcing that he expected | ing for the purp of planning raids/to arrive in Pernambuco at midnight {on non-fascist newspapermen. When | tonight. the Nationalist reporter and ‘the| Arrangements have been made to keep flares alight to aid St. Roman in landing. No ships have reported sighting St. Roman as yet. evangelist were discovered there w a general uproar and the two wer | beaten into unconsciousn with beer | steins. The police were called out halt Not Die! Sacco and Vanzetti and a general melee followed. | Foil the Professional Patriots Seitz of the Keymen of America, and Darte of the Military Order of World War Veterans, are representative types of the pro- fessional patriot. ciety are seeking to use DAILY WORKER as a These vultures upon _ the case against Th means of increasin the loot derived from plying their nefarious trade. They are the paid agents of business That Kick! a 1C ‘ exploited by foreign capitalists, and| young comrades from Denmark es- PD, the workers here gathered together | pecially making themselves heard and interests, which are bent upon depriving the no great native capitalists as in other | stitutes another epic story. The | countries, Don’t waste your energy in idle protest. When reaction attacks The DAILY WORKER and you want to fight — strike your blows where they will be most ef- fective. Kick in With a Sub. Every subscription is a striking answer to the enemies of Labor—every sub is more strength to the blows that are dealt every day by The DAILY . WORKER. Don’t only kiek: 4... Kick in! \ SUBSCRIPTION RATES: : Quiside of In New York we es Per Yr. $8!00 \ Per Yr. $6.0 ff \ Six. Mo, 0 Six Mo. 4.50 3 Mo. .. 200 3 Mo. .: 2.50 } The DAILY WORKER 33 First Street New York Enclosed $,..... for ... tae sub to: Name oe Ee Production by machinery is the foundation of the capitalist | exploitation of the working masses. | |The Chinese workers are not subject | | to exploitation at the hands of Chi- nese capitalists. as there are no great | capitalists in China. By whom is the | | Chinese worker then exploited, under | what yoke is he crushed? In other countries the workers are exploited | by their own capitalists, but the Chi- nese are exploited’ by foreign capi-| \talists. That is the difference be-| tween the position of the Chinese | workers and that of foreign workers. Chinese Must Learn. How are the Chinese workers ex- ploited by foreign capitalists? The } Chinese worker, has. no clear concep- | tion of this exploitation, and there- fore he cannot realise the difficulty of the position. What are the means employed by the foreign, capitalists for the exploitation of the Chinese workers? They accomplish this by means of the import of foreign goods under the protection of the Chinese government. The aid given by the Chinese government to foreign capi- talists is shown in the enstom duties. The Chinese government grants many privileges to the foreign capitalists, and the unequal treaties of which we have spoken enable the Chinese tariff system, in the hands. of foreigh capi- talists, to be an efficient means of exploitation. All the export and im- port duties are collected by foreign- ers, and what they collect they, keep. The tariffs of other countries impose duties on imported, goods, but not on exported goods. This enables the price of fe goods to be raised, | so that natiye goods can ve sold cheaper. arrangement protects native goods against the competition of foreign goods, The immediate | protection afforded to home products by a high protective tariff for for- eign prod signifies an indirect protection. of the interests of the workers of the country concerned. Competition, We have lost our protective tariffs, and with them the means of protect- ing our industry, The absence of protective duties enables foreign goods to penetrate into China, The i tl tir one toe Sarees at must seek for means of protection against foreign capitalist oppression. | The Chinese workers fail to observe the yoke of foreign capital.and which oppresses the Chinese capitalists also. The aboiition of the Chinese capital- ists is no solution of the problem. The Chinese workers must free themselves from all economic exploitation, Capitalism Is Foreign What prevents them from emanci- pating themselves immediately from economic exploitation? The fact that the exploitation is being exercised, not by Chinese, but by foreign imperial- ists. If the adverse trade balance is to be swept away, we must have the Chinese customs in our hands. The unequal treaties which have heen made permit the customs revenues to he collected by foreign powers, and | therefore we must endeavor to annul these treaties. Can the workers help in this matter? If we are to be vic- torious, the workers must organize. ‘The workers and students are organ- ized, The trades people are not or-| ganized to the same extent, and the peasantry are not organized at all. Here it is the workers and students who must fight for the annulment of the unjust treaties. Comrades, all of you present at this meeting are workers, and represent a part of the nation. A heavy responsibility rests with the Chinese workers, and if you prove worthy of ‘this responsibility, China will become a great. nation and her workers a mighty power. There+ fore we must free ourselves from for- eign oppression, * and declare war against the foreign capitalists, The goal aimed at by the Chinese workers and the workers of other countries: is the same, and Chinese and foreign workers must join their forces. To be | victorious, we must have the same revolutionary courage as that shown by the revolutionists in 1911. With such. a heroic courage we can free ourselves from foreign imperialism and from the unequal treaties. If we pursue this line of action, China will be raised to the same stage of devel- opment as other countries. The in- equality of China’s position has arisen | the revolutionary struggle, owing to the rule of international capitalism in China. It it not difficult for the workers to free from such a yoke, te chee | seen. ‘came. The bicycle corps was in the lead opening the way and keeping | sidewalks, on. both sides of the street, from curb to building front, as we |a Red Front Guard, then the Party |and Youth Leaders, then a drum and | fife corps, then a brass band, then | the main body of the procession. | Red Flags Line Streets. The march of an hour and a half, to the outskirts of the city, mostly thru working class districts, thrn “The bamers flung across the avenue de- clared, challenges words to describe. Thousands of crimson flags waved Germany’s cities are closely built. | Nowhere, as we marched, did I see American cities. It was more like passing thru the canyons of New, York’s East Side, with the buildings three, four and five stories high, with every window a point of vantage to} view the procession. 50,000 in Demonstration. | Thus we came to the Stadtplatz, al great park with a tremendous open) field. » The Party and Youth leaders, | | with the representatives from foreign | countries entered the reviewing stand! | and witnessed the hosts as they) passed, which took another full hour! and a half. It was estimated that! {at least 20,000 were in the line of! march, while at least 30,000 more | had been drawn to this Stadplatz for, the demonstration—50,000 in all, not including the numerous tens of thou- ‘sands who had viewed the procession. | | An open place before the speakers’ | stand, a great space in itself, had been reserved for the marchers. This was rapidly filled. The great red banners were assembled at a place apart. As the procession continued to arrive the number of banners grew into a veritable forest of crimson flags. By actual’ count there were more than 800 of these inspiring standards of every one of them having a separate and in- teresting story. of its own. I might cite for example that at one of the banners carried At three o'clock the order to march | order, for huge throngs filled the | passed, Behind the bicycle corps was | Streets of the Proletariat,” as huge | from the windows of workers’ homes. | individual homes sich as one finds in | | burg, | leader of the German Youth pened. | The representative of the Young! |Communist International spoke. 1} | was called to speak for America. Massei, spoke for England. A tele- gram was read from France. A | Czecho-Slovak delegate spoke. A Chinese spokesman of the Kuomin- | tang was given a tremendous ovation. Then came Ernst Thalman, addressing the youth on behalf of the German (Communist Party, reviewing the tasks of Germany’s revolutionary workers in the present world crisis and calling for even greater efforts, Torch-Light Parade. Then there was a period of rest, for an hour, The night had come on. It | was after eight o’clock when the re- turn march to the city began. Thou- sands of torches appeared, carriéd by the marchers, who made the streets | echo with their songs, songs that are rich and numerous in the German} | revolutionary movement. Thus Red Sunday passed in Ham- All day today, Easter Monday, the hosts have been marching to the great Hauptbahnhof (Railroad Sta- | tion) to return to their homes, for greater struggles, in all parts of | Germany, fresh with new vigor and new spirit. It is past midnight, as | write, For a moment, however, I must go to the window of my room in the “Heim- statte” (Homestead), the hotel of the Hamburg trade unions, conducted: in | connection with the Gewerkschats- hause (The Home of the Trade | Unions), Depart’ For Berlin. @he thunder of a brass band is! heard down the stteet. Another. pro- | cession is coming. The marchers are } singing. They sweep past, every Red Soldier in step, every marcher | in his place, on the way to the rail- | road station—the Berlin Delegation , going’ back to thé Capitol City of the | German Capitalist Republic. They sing the song that, next to “The In- | ternational” seems the most popular, | the song about Karl Liebknecht and | Rosa Luxembourg, Comrade Wilhelm Kaspar has ar- ranged that on the morning, we too, go to Berlin with the ashes of C. E, RuthenSerg, working class of this country of its po rful/! ; and dreaded weapon—The DAILY WORK- ER. On the basis of their first success in holding the members of The DAILY WORK- —— ER, for Special Sessions, they will collect many thousands of dollars from employers | throughout the country. With this money» they hope to carry the case to success, The forces of big business, the city, and federal © government are on their side. Our enemies are a unit against us. Seitz and Darte must not succeed, We will not give up our chie f weapon. The thou- | sands of dollars collected from the bosses by the prosecution must be matched dollar for dollar by the collective effort of our party . members and DAILY WORKER supporters, The united front of the reactionaries must be met with the united front of labor behind its organ. The dollar patri- ots must be taught a lesson they will never forget, to keep their hands off the labor movement. This de- mands action—effective and immediate. You must send your contri- butions to the Defense Fund. You must do it now. Get your fellow _ worker to do the same. | DAILY WORKER | 33. First Street, , New York, N. Y. Inclosed is my contribution of cents to the ning = Fund 7 dollars .... ; Ruthenberg Sust |for a stronger and better, | DAILY WORKER and for the defense of our paper, I will pay the same amount regularly | every | Name Attach check or money order,