The Daily Worker Newspaper, April 8, 1927, Page 3

\ \ \ |Bulgarian Student Is POLISH WORKERS eae to Death; 5 et I Sentences DISAPPOINTED IN Laid Soe os “ey , evna a tria agains! ive young pe: PILSUDSK! REGIME ple took place, who were arrested the time of the wholesale arrests i Bulgaria. One of the accused ¥ not present at the trial. “He died during the imprisonment on remand,” stated the judge. In reality, how- lever, the student Dimiter Toteff died from the tortures in 1 ° The workers who were present in Wage increases Fall Be- low Rise of Living Costs BERLIN, (By Mail).—The strike : ( movement in Poland which originated | the trial, were furious when they in connection with the May coup heard this news. “Down h the rule @’ etat and the boom caused by the | of murder!” they exclainied. British miners’ strike has recently! The ised stated that all their again begun to intensify and its | “confessions” had been extorted character is noticeably changing. | them with tortures and showed m During the first period of the move-|of the maltreatment on their bé ment, unemployment decreased and Although there was no evidence the situation of the workers seemed | against the accused, apart front the to improve as a consequence of an | Spy reports, they were sentenced to increase in nominal wages and over-/ five years hard labor each. Only the time which assumed monstrous pro- | two workers, Russenoff and Pangoft | portions—12, 14 and 16 hours a day. | received three and a half years. The This apparent improvement in the names of the accused who were sen-| situation and the remnants of illu-|tenced to five years are Stoiko, Sab-! sions regarding Pilsudsky made it | otilof?, Ivan Warbanoff and Gourgi possible for the Socialist Party as a|Christoff. The accused received | Labor Party closely connected with|their sentences with the singing of | THE DAILY WORKER, NEW YORK, FRIDAY, AP RIL 8, 1927 Page Three anil baby 4 AS Sa Ki he * { "BLOOMIN’ IDOL MADE and as a result workers are constant- Fascists Terrorize ly infected. There is no doubt that | the responsibility for this state of af- Italian Workers as jfairs is to be placed upon the gov- They Are Deported | ernment and the employers, who are absolutely indifferent to the suff»r- MILAN, Italy. (By mail.)—The|ing of the work (A French com- following are extracts from a letter|Pany, whose profits increase .yearly, dealing with the acts of terror of|is operating this region.) The direc- the f; t government against Ttal-| tors and engineers of the enterprise lian radicals. It deals with the whole- !live in good }wses completely protec- sale deportations invoked by Mussol-|ted from the poisonous gases The jini to suppress all opposition. ame difficult conditions of life for | Among the deportees there are|the worke especially for women many .workers. None of them re-|and children, are met in many other ceived their due wages before their} industr deportation, The families of the dep- ortees are exposed to starvation for | the wages are also refused to them. | unb¢ le labor On the order of the government,| government persecution of labor or- the employers have dismissed in all| ganizations, the workers have been shops, the sons, brothers and other! forced to greater and greater activity. relations of the deportees. Of those|In 1926 the strike movement grew who were deported to Italian islands | and expan The capitalist press in the course of the last two weeks,|(the working class press is prohibi- 191 are Communists, 54 Maximalists,|ted) indignantly writes of many dis- 4 anarchists, The arrests and depor-| putes, of large strikes, and of the tations continue. They are led by/| fighting spirit of the workers, who fascist party committees to which the stubbornly demand increased wages police is subordinated. Three young | and a shorter working day. In many workers were brutally maltreated|cases the government liquidated the and deported to the island Ustica, be-| disputes by armed force. The largest cause they had several issues of a} disputes were: Railwaymens’ dispute Young Communist magazine in their| with the Eastern-European Railroad The $1 result ‘ke Movement. of many dismiss‘'s, conditions and the government to take possession of | the strike movement in the majority | of eases and steer it into reformist | channels. The transfer of conflicts | to the decision of government arbi- tration commissions,.the mediation of | labor inspectors, representatives of | the ministry of labor, appeals by the | S. P. to the Sejm-deputies—such were | the usual tactics of the reformists, | tactics which threw a crumb or two to the hungry masses of the Polish} working class without demanding} those severe sacrifices involved in a strike struggle especially when car- ried on in conditions of police terror. Economy Is Unstable. But the boom came to an end. Un- employment again began to grow, embracing a quarter of a million workers. In the mining industry a big cutting dova of labor is to take place. The textile industry is at present undergoing its usual season- al enlivenment, The general position of Polish national economy is ecx- tremely unstable. The question of aj} foreign loan, the question of eastern | markets, the question of the resump- | tion of commercial relations with | Germany after the breakdown of ne-} gotiations—all these important ques-| tions—questions of life and death for | Polish national economy—still remain | unsolved. The unsolved agrarian | questions causes unrest in the vill-| ages; the borders of Poland—White Russia and the Ukraine—are revolu- tionary fuel set alight by government repression. Masses Disappointed. | The policy of Pilsudsky’s govern- | ment soon showed itself to be a pol- icy hostile to the working class. The; increase in wages is far from keep- | ing up with the cost of living. The disappointment of the broad masses | in the government’s policy affected | their attitude to the papers. Sensing the spirit the socialists, the real sup-| porters of Pilsudsky’s government, | were forced in questions of labor po- licy to take up an opposition attitude. The socialist deputies in the Sejm brought forward opposition proposals of a social character and voted against the budget. The reformist! central trades union commission! passed a resolution, affirming the hostility of the government policy to} the “International.” Oe EC Government of Colombia Slave Of Imperialism BOGOTA, Columbia, March (By} Mail).—Economically this is one of | the most backward countries, Her, natural resources are attracting the | covetous attention of foreign capital. | The British were the first on the| field to exploit local possibilities. They | were followed by the Americans who | hoy © if } Wi 9 Ou: aargeiee He began to seize the sources of Sei 2 is its material and to take possession of | themselves again, but the movement the Columbian market as a dumping 5 split by two tendencres—the syn- ground for their goods. And at ‘icalist and Communist. present, foreign capital keeps a tight) Altogether there are at present 400 grip on all of the most important | labor organizations in Columbia which branches of industry and commerce. jinclude trade unions (Syndicalist, The present government of Colum-|Communist Autonomous and catho- bia is whole-heartedly devoted to the lic), cultural-educational and other interests of foreign capital, and par-| organizations. All of these organi- ticularly to American capital. The| zations issue as many as 80 weekly Americans, by granting to the Colum- | publications. In a recent letter to the bian government one loan after an-| executive of the R. I. L. U., the cen- other, forced it to give them the best | tral labor union of Columbia (Bogo- concessions in the mining and coffee | ta) asked to be accepted to the Inter- districts. Here the American imper-/ national. And on the 25th of January ialists feel themselves at home; they by the action of the exeeutive of the have their own police, their own legis-| R. I. L. U., Tt became affiliated to lation and even their own currency, | the revolutionary trade union inter- What are the conditions of the work- | national, ers, who are subject to exploitation | f both thei 1 ign | Pare abitetitiat own as well as “"" Patriotic Club | Goes Bankrupt Starvation Existence CHICAGO, April 7.—Serious finan- There are at present over 300,000 | skilled workers in Columbia, and about 1,000,000 agricultural laborers. | On the coffee and fruit-g:owing plan- | : %. tations piece-work prevails, Whole | ™Ptcy proceedings and threats of families, men, women and. children | Suits for wages due are confronting are engaged on this work, but their 4 joint earnings scarcely afford them more than a semi-starvation exis-_ tence, . |had rosy hopes and red, white ant The working day lasts from 9 to | blue literature regarding a drive for 10 hours in industrial enterprises, $2,000,000. 3 and from 12 to 14 hours in agricul-| When it became known that the ture. In many parts of the country | foundation, instead of concentrating cial difficulties with rumors of bank- | \INVESTIGATION SHOWS SEAMEN'S CONDITIONS ARE POOR: OPEN SHOP REDUCES THEM 10 SLAVES N investigation of the New York { was not possible since it would dis- waterfront employment condition} criminate against alien seamen. He reveals one of the worst spectres that | tried to justify the employment of has yet been staged in the history | Chinese by stating that the Shipping of the seamen’s trade. The total, Boarfl was “Americanizing” these marine industry, including seamen, | aliens. firemen, cooks, stewards, stevedpres; This bireaucrat and discredited {and longshoremen is in the complete grip of the ill-reputed and much heard of “American plan,” which has reduced every one of the above men- tioned trades to that of common la- | bor. | Wages, working hours and living former labor skate failed to explain however how it is possible to “Ameri- | canize” people who, by law have been declared ineligible to become Ameri- can citizens, The safety of the vessels is severe- | conditions are bad beyond descrip- bee stole arelny onde od tion and constitute an insult to the | ployed. The seamen’s act réquires any other trade and are thefefore at) oo Dien d ide conttty pk agra | ty yes | lo e quali en now | i ica mercy of the exploiting | usually employed falis far short of | sabe teat | this legal requirement. This crim-| Only Two Men On Watch. ihal negligence in the employment of | ; Th attack which is now being made! unskilled men has been called to the " * the he American Citizenship foundation. 4gainst the three watch system/ attention of D. N. Hoover, assistant | “ ater’ , ; The organization is ic heasbaw of two| (eight hours a day) to re-instituting | inspector of the marine bureau, with | bout Mle ih sis ty ae of oe languishing patrioteering outfits, and the two Watch (twelve hours a day) | a warning that the law in regard to|C°™modities (by 50/0). Many hig! system, is the most reactionary blow seamen and life boat certificates | |which has yet been levelled against| must be enforced. | | the sailors, Furuseth Is Red Baiter. | | To make matters worse, thé ship-| ; | Yet it is doubtful if any remedy} owners are now introducing the Tay- | will be accomplished by appealing to| possession. The process of “plough-|Company. Just before the dispute ing the land,” as a new fascist for-|the company, stating that ome had | mula reads, is going on. decreased, lowered wages and length- —_—— ened the working d This dispute Turkish Economy | Recovering at the | Workers’ Expense CONSTANTINOPLE, March (By ,Mail).—During the last few years | plans for the economic revival of Tur- | key vilayet districts, drawn up by the national government have shown |some good results. National economy is being strengthened by the develop- ment of many plants and factories. Many large factories, such as textile, match-making, s airoplane and paper have been shed in recent years, and especially during the last year. Some branches of industry, as, for instance, the manufacture of sugar and paper are developing for the first time in Turkey. Big ad- vances have been made in mining and in transport. New railroads have been constructed, others still under construction will connect the outlay- ing districts in Turkey with the cen-| tre. The building of factories, the many measures adopted‘ to organize an airfleet, and reinforcement of its mercantile fleet show very clearly that Turkey is becoming an industrial country. Wages At Low Level. As a result of this revival, demand for labor increased; but-this did not affect the wages which remained at a low level. Neither have labor con- ditions as a whole improved. Dur- ing 1926 the economic position of the working class in Turkey became worse. The economic policy of Turkish government brought and indirect taxes imposed by the government have fallen very heavily on the shoulders of the working class. Wages, however, have remained on the 1923 level and even began to fall during the economic depression. As threatened to end in a large strike which would have cut railway com- muncations between the Balkans and Europe. The workers elected their strike committee, which gathered 12,- 000 workers’ signatures in support of their demands. The workers’ de- mands were granted only when the government interfered. Hands Off China Meet ‘In Boston Friday Eve. | BOSTON, Mas |test against the | by i April 7.—To pro- helling of Nanking American warships, a mass meet- will be held here Friday evening, April 8, 7:30 p. m., at the Tremont |Temple under the auspices of the Hands Off China-Nicaragua-Mex- ico Com Fred T. Douglas is chairman and |Justo F. De Lemos secretary of the |arrangements committee. ‘Philadelphia I. L. D. Meets Monday Eve | PHILADELPH — The | general membe g of the 1. L. D. Local Philadelphia is called for Monday evening, April 11, at 8 P. M., at Machinists Hall, Spring Garden St., 5th floor. Pat Divine from New York will address the meeting on the importance and significance of well organized 1. L. D. Read The Daily Worker Every Day BOOKS FOR WORKERS the working class and summoning Work goes on under conditions re- the workers to struggle for the im-|™iniscent of the days of slavery, provement of their economic position,| Th€ workers are deprived of any in- |Further trouble came when a convi-| on good citizenship, was maintaining |!or system on the vessels and are| a blacklist of liberal and labor speak-/ ‘trying to get more work out of the} ers and activities it lost much of its, men by reducing the number of men) support and the drive was abandoned. 0n watch to the lowest minimum, | Many ships now have only two men anyone, without the existence of a strong organization to back up these | demands. The seamen, ever since| | their strike in 1921, have been with-| nationalization (trustification of bak- out an organization which has any) a result, poverty reigns among the working masses. ~ Concentration “of production coupled with attempts at eries in Constantinople and else- dependence. Their wages are ex- Margaret Cowl Talks tremely low. heir housing quarters On Ladies’ Work Mon. All Workers Party. functionaries and comrades interested to know what Communist work among women is, must immediately register for two lectures to be given on this question | at Workers School, 108 East 14th Street at 8 P, M., on Monday, April 1ith and 18th. The lecttes will be by Comrade Cowl. There is no fee charged for the lectures, vial admiral under patriotic or other influence blurted out jingo sentiments at a panhandling dinner. A final blow was the hammering by the Chi- belong to the foreign capitalists or to big local land-owners. They are forced to do all their buying in shops belonging to the y ic- | 7 tate ths pricda, art aoe a this &m@o Defender, a daily, whose editor system the workers are perpetually | had been invited to the dinner toge- in debt to their employers. The ther with his ‘wite me who bi oa barter slightest attempt to protest is im- admittance when it was discovered mediately suppressed by special po- | that he was a Negro. lice, employed by the bosses, who do. not stop at any meastires including | even murder. In bfief, the life of | the Columbian worker has much in To Leave Senate mg Pigg ediaoetyy Ae ee the | recognition, Due to the red baiting | d ulsi hi di -| | of the crew is employed as day men, seth, penser ‘ad ae git on the theory that the extra number Union, and his lieutenants, the union | of men going watches at night are has been a weak and anemic in-| not doing useful work and ore. & 1038 | stitution. With the strong and pro-| bn the owners. By Keeping = | gressive faction expelled and on the y Seryice; More work can be ex) cutside, the union Has bee & body ploited from the men and they will | without a head, the remnant of a| a abet Feb for, he bosses. | former strong and militant organiza-| Bip tee tego dee we tion. Having in its hayday a mem-| This action is a direct violation of | Section 4 of the LaFollette seaman's | ership of about 100 Rickie saeess| common with that of workers in| act, which specifies that all men on| | colonies, BUY THE DAILY WORKER | The Labor Movement. | AT THE NEWSSTANDS Up to 1922 the labor movement of | ied the country was under the strong in-| fluence of the American Federation | of Labor. According to statistics ‘published by the American Feder- ation of Labor in 1922 200,000 Colum- _bian workers were represented at! the congress of Central American | organizations in 1921. This, of course, is far from the truth, for at this time the membership of the Columbian trade unions did not exceed 70,000, ‘In 19283 a left wing, consisting of anarchists and socialists, formed it- self within these t unions. This {wing tried to give a revolutionary ‘orientation to the Columbian trade ‘union movement. At the congress in 1924 at which 80,000 workers were represented, one third of the votes fell to the share of the left wing ele- ;ments, who afterwards became the Communist Party. At this congress | National Trade Union Centre was formed, imbued with a revolutionary spirit and aspiring to join the R. I. COPY of the special Chinese number of oC. MUNIST (Cen re i acsne Came ot Cota lta, will, be given with every purehase of THE AWAKENING OF CHINA by Jas. H. Dolson NOW 50 CENTS on all orders received As a climax to his long politi- in the + Me 1 career, United States Sena- Move Declared Miegal. bis i NEXT TWO WEEKS | ‘me congiess aiso adopted a resolu- i Seg Mf ‘tte the gihar fies tion about the necessity of an armed asks, hopes to win Including: rising. In reply to this the govern-| 4torial nomination in his state the boat must be divided into} watches, The present system on some boats of having only two men |on watch, both of whom are occupied, would work serious disaster in case of collision, or other accidents, while at sea, since there would not be a sufficient number of men on hand to do the necessary safety worl. Much hardship is worked against the seamen because of the keen com- petition from the colored and unor- ganized ranks, an element of. men who will work for any wages under almost any condition. Altha fhere is a verbal agreement be! the union and the shipping board to give preference to American seamen in manning their vessels, yet colored men with a very low standard of living are much employed, The Nie ter does not wish to appear as agita’ ing against colored men, but wishes to draw attention to the fact that the colored races and Chinese coolies are displacing the standard of living with that of their own and work for a wage which tends to reduce the sea- men’s wage as a whole, Thus only récently did one of the Dollar Liners make a trip around the world with 4 eréw of Chinese, who were drawing @ wage of $11 a month, Wants to “Americanizée” Them. one third of whom are said to be) along the ports of the Atlantic coast) and the gulf. Weak and disruptive, | this union is in the absolute control of Furuseth and follows his dictates with strict obedience. Furuseth, the aytocrat, would sooner destroy this union than to lose control and relin- quish his position as president, Strong Union Needed. There is only one alternative for the seamen, the cooks, stewards, fire- men, oilers and watertenders, they must organize themselves. How this is to be done must be thoroly dis- cussed. For the immediate future it is necessary that the I. S, U. A. must be kept aflve and be strengthened by having the militants on the out- side join it. Once inside the union they can then lead a fight along pro- gressive lines, demand of the leaders that they conduct their policy in line with the rank and file demands, and, failing in this, a fight must be made to replace these old and useless men by a new, active and aggressive ele- ment, The shipowners must be fought with all the energy available. In this respect the seamen’s law can be made -use of very effectively, This law guarantees certain rights which for immediate times, may give con- THE REVOLUTION IN ment declared the movement illegal) When his present term in the sen- union officials entered into aj siderable relief and protection, While CHINA—by ‘J. Stalin and began to persecute the trade ate expires in 1981. Alth written discussion with T. V. O’Con-|thus fighting for better wages and THE CHINESE PEASAN- unions. The best leaders of the ae as a Republican, Senator ee president of the*Shipping Board,|condfions, the millitants must pre- TRY<by R. Mit working class were either thrown| -Norris is regarded as an inde- and former president of the long-|pare themselves for a revolutionary 2 : ie Pie or di Mi pendent and has had shoremen’s union, requesting hig. to| struggle, which will culminate ihn the and Other Features, “ Oat Je. By te clashes wt Pre ie up A his i to om- ei of all wage exploitation and will ‘ . t gree is ne tise 4 oy ion men, O in a|plate the means of transportation in 6) R D E R N 0 w! ‘time the aed arity,” signed. statement answered that stich! the hands of the Fiistariat, where) has brought about a longer working-day and lower wages. For instance, bakers work as much as 18 hours a day, while the ten and twelve hour day is usual. The butch- ployes from 16 to 18 hours a day. Workers Constantly Infected. Labor legislation is held up, and |the few existing rules are not put/ into effect, In the mining town of Balia, (lead miners), for example, the \inhabitants living in bad quarters near the mines are in no way pro- tected against the winds that carry poisonous lead gases from the mines, A CHINA—Dolsen THE DAILY WORKER PUB, C ers, and other shops work their em- | SEND ALL TEN BOOKS 10 CENTS EACH } 4 s send for it T THE DAILY WORKER 33 First Street NEW YORK WORD TO THE WISE WORKER Never was there such a great opportunity to buy books for propaganda purposes! These books are now sold at cost. To help your argu- ment in the shop—give a book! Get wise to this method— $1.00 FOR JOMMUNISM VS. CHRISTIAN- LENIN, THE GREAT STRAT. 1SM—Brown . | BGist—a. Losovaky thee DECLINE OF CAPITALISM | UBNINISM V8, TROTSKY- Varga . FOR ae LABOR PARTY 100% (Paper)—U. Sinclair Pepper + |PARTY ORGANIZATION - abNiaL STRIKE AND THE Lovestone GENERAL BETRAYAL — MEANING, OF THE GENBR- Pepper AL STRIKE—R. Palme Dutt LABOR CONDITIONS IN LENIN) CALENDAR — With Dates 0., 38 First Street, NEW YORK= On all ordets under $1.00 add 5 cents for postage.