The Daily Worker Newspaper, March 31, 1927, Page 3

een aE THE DAILY WORKER, NEW YORK, THURSDAY MARCH 31, 1927 ‘ FASCISTS RENEW PERSECUTION OF ITALIAN WORKERS Hundreds to Face Trial By Field Court Martial PARIS, (By Mail).—After the per- iod of deportations and arrests, a period of huge trials against repre- sentatives of the working class, who cared to stand up in defiance of the Faseist terror, is now setting in. Num- a erous trials are in preparation, most of which will be brought before the, A2MM@AL HENOVH HoveH Field Court Martial. Considering that atthe, the Court Martial is composed of of- | i ay ficers of the Fascist militia, one MAY | oogee conclude that the slightest offence, | such as the distribution of leaflets, | or an insult of Mussolini, etc., will be | i aieienauhes [Australian Agent of Apart from the numerous small Employers’ Government Refuses Workers’ Plea trials, there are also several monster | Communist trials in preparation. | Thus, 30 Communists were arrested | eon about 7 months ago in Cantania (Si-| SYDNEY, Australia (By Mail). — cily) on the charge of being agents | Just before the end of 1926, the In- of the Communist Party and the In-| dustrial Commissioner in w South ternational Red Aid, and of preparing | Wal (Mr. Fiddington) threw a Map shows Nanking an an armed rising against the Fascist | bombshell among the ranks of the} dictatorship. Although no documents | workers of that state by side-stepping were found on the arrested comrades | the declaration of an effective basic to prove that they had any such in-| wage. He laid down the basic wage at tentions, the Fascist government con- | $20.16 per week (exactly the same as siders their Communist Party mem-| it was during the previous 15 months, bership as sufficient evidence against | despite the rise in the cost of living? them. |and recommended that the governme! Police Arrest Workers. | introduce legislation to make provis- Another trial will involve about 50 |!" for childhood endowment. workers, members of various political; He also stated that $25.44 was a parties, who met in the vicinity of | "¢#Sonable wage for a man, wife and Tarrant to discuss some immediate | three children. The workers’ repre- problems concerning their every-day sentatives on the commission submit~ struggles. The police discovered the | ted a mincrity report recommending meeting and arrested all present on|*% basic wage of $31.20 and the eni- charges of high treason. The prison- | Ployers’ representatives thought that ers have been kept in prison for | 918-84 was enough to live on. The months without knowing what charg- |™88 of the workers are furious av es were made against them. The Tar- | €evernment declare an effective basic rant workers are showing their solid-|W@8¢, and are demanding that the | arity by collecting money which they /8oVernment declare an effective basi place at the disposal of the TRA. | Wage. They are all the more indig- About 60 comrades were arrested | nant because the conciliation commit- some fourteen months ago in Bari; | ‘¢e’s chairmen have been refusing to they are still kept in prison without | #”@nt increases in wages because of any charges having been brought | the expected rise in the declared basic against them. The investigating ma- | W48e- ’ gistrate made a plea for the libera- | tion of some of these comrades but the public prosecutor objected; now that Emergency Powers are being in- troduced, the fact that they are mem- bers of the Communist Party will be | sufficient ground for passing heavy | sentences upon them. Leaflets as Evidence. Another trial is being prepared in Florence. Also in this case 60 Com- munists, wko have already been im- prisoned'for about a year will be tried for plotting against the existing of- der, Some Communist leaflets and a circular letter of the Central Com- mittee of the Party, found in the pos- session of one of the arrested com- rades, will be used as evidence. This trial was scheduled to .take place | shortly, but has been postponed, evi- dently, also with the view of bringing Sing Sing Over Crowded. OSSINING, March 30.—Because Sing Sing has 1,657 prisoners today land is filled to overflowing, Warden s E. Lawes has had: to open jail there. Ordinarily only prisoners who mis- behave are placed in jail. They are then impounded there in solitary con- \finement. Lately prisoners have all behaved so well none have been in isolation and the jail has been empty. (Continued from Page One) will rise again; they cannot and will it before the court martial. Similar} not forget the lessons of the last | | lockout and, there is no doubt, that the victors of today will live to regret | mass trials, almost exclusively against Communists, are being prepared in Verona, Padua, Trieste, Bologna and Rome. {n Bologna there are 71 com- vades under charges, and another 28 were arrested a few days agi). |their unjust treatment of the miners. with revolt, The miners’ reply to the regime of oppression, wage-cutting One trial which may well be consid- jat the present time—is a series of ered as a trial against the Commun- | guerrilla lightning strikes throughout ist Party, merits special considera-| the mining fields of Great Britain. In tion. Many comrades arrested before Fifeshire, lightning strikes have al- and after the attempt on Mussolini’s ready taken place in some of the col- life, among whom are such promin- lieries—in particular, Gelseraig and ent leaders of the Communist Party | Bowhill, where the men struck as Gramski, Terascini, Riboldi, Scocci- | against victimization and the refysal maro and others, are accused of hav-| of the manager to make men up to ing plotted against the State. The|the minimum wage. scheduled individual trials of some of | In both instanicesthe men meade » these comrades were all suspended magnificent response to their local ane all of ee wee ta Peep the jleaders, and remained on strike for |two days until their demands were A Beloved Leader. . The attitude of th iain & | conceded. e attitude of the population to } ; si Cottteny (Work: these trials may be judged from the | In Hiekleton Main Colliery ( ‘ ‘ shire), in the middle of December, ovations the especially beloved Com- 5,000 men stopped work, refusing to rade Gramsci received on his way to |‘? . Allg work with scabs. In the Cambria gba Ne aging 9 Bory ere he | collieries, 19,000 miners struck for, * Fy }one day, on January 24th, as a pro- erg brought him food and’ cigarettes | j.¢ Meaictt the victimization of ac- to the prison, and on leaving the Next | tive men, and ju onder ta enforee the morning, women workers brought him | ob eatin of long established cus- coffee and bread to the station. All) ae along his journey, the stations were a ice aap poring ad Bante guarded by police so as to prevent | ies of the many lightning strikes solidayity demonstrations. * ty F payee The Italian workers have not been |which are spreading like sila fee frightened by the Fascist terror, and | throughout the mining regions. i i {it must be stated that in most casi the pending trials will only make them | ga WhiRee arte tapi iakande. still firmer and more determined | sul : fighters in the struggle. | But these lightning strikes and d ‘guerrilla, warfare are merely means BUY THE DAILY WORKER AT THE N EWSSTANDS ‘such as reinstatement of victimized money for as many coupons as you have sold. Return money order, postal stamps or checks - en or call at the office. \ Open from 9 a. m. to 7 p. m. PASSAIC CHILDREN MUST BE FED THE FOOD STORES MUST BE KEPT OPEN GET Bradway Nae to cee Room, 288. : : men, women and children. Already the coal fields are seething | ‘to gain some immediate demands, | d its proximity to Shanghai. MINERS STRIKE AS GOVERNMENT INCREASES HOURS Railroad Men Failed To | Back Coal Diggers | | MELBOURNE, Australia (By | Mail) (FP).—About 1,000 men em- {ployed at the brown coal mines near |Melhourne, and owned by the Vic- |torian State government, ceased |work as a protest against an award jof the Arbitration Court which fixed jtheir hours of work at 48 per week, {whereas previously the majority of te men had worked only 45 hours a! |week. The men demanded a 44-hour |week, and made overtures to the en- {gine drivers and firemen to assist them in the fight. that assistance was not forthcoming, arid the miners had to fight the issue jon their own, | The Melbourne Trades Hall Coun- cil’s Dispute Committee took the matter up and held several confer- ences with the government and fin- jally at a mass meeting of strikers | the strike was declared off on the following terms: No victimization, and ‘several small points satisfac- torily agreed to—the question of hours to be left to the Arbitration 'Court.” Next day, the court sat and |refused to reduce the hours of work, but gave the workers a sop to keep them quiet in the shape of a day in- }erease in wages.” SHIN K QAUS Unfortunately | Hon. Frank Kellogg. Rear Admiral Henry H. Hough, in charge of American naval forces in the Yangtze river off Nanking, together with Briti Sketch is of sampans in which foreigners and natives escaped along the Yangtze river. Admiral Clarence 8. Williams, commanding American naval forces in ° Smedley Butler is in charge of United States marines in China. German Reactionaries Bring Up For Passage Bill For Ten Hour Day BERLIN, March 30.—Bitter de- nunciation has risen from every corner of Germany at the 10-hour bill which the new Reich govern- ment, dominated by big employers through the Nationalist party, has just brought out. “This bill,” says the Berlin of- | of | fice of the Intl. Federation Trade Unions, “has relegated the German government to a_ place among those backward, and yet naive governments, which are still seriously of opinion that they can «suppress the eight-hour day. Bel- gium has ratified unconditionally, | France is ready to ratify, and in Britain matters are at least so far that the adherents of the conserva- ly and/ unequivocally in favor of ratification, and will ultimately force ratification through, In fact, the general trend is toward rati- | fication. And yet the reactionary parties in Germany are still oppos- | ing it in deadly earnest.” ‘Censor Stopt Protest Against Morocco War MADRID, March 80.—Fearing a revolt against his reactionary dic- tatorship, Premier Primo de Rivera, {the Spanish Mussolini, exercises a } more rigid censorship than ever over publications. Implying that only the most rigid censorship could have stifled mass protest against the Riff war, Rivera | defended his rigid supervision over Spanish publications yesterday. ;comrades, the enforcement of local} Between conferences the conduct of customs gained through long years jof struggle, ete. Besides this, the miners look out for the next victori- ous fight against the employers; they “next time.” The miners are now more than ever awake to the fact that only power counts. And power in the first instance consists in building up machinery of struggle suitable to |meet the combined forces of capital-| | ism. This machinery must be placed | in the hands of trusted and tried class | fighters. Therefore, the miners’ task, which is also the task of the Miners’ Minor- | ity Movement, -reduces itself: 1) to rebuilding the Miners’ Federation in- to one National Industrial Union and, | | 2) to building up a new and fighting leadership, which the miners were lacking during the last lockout. | The lack of effective, centralized organization, has been one of the greatest weakening forces through- out the whole lockout. The cause of this is to be found in the structure of the Miners’ Federation of Great Bri- tain. * The M. F’. G. B. is merely a feder- ation of county or district unions, which have their own executive com- |mittees, and who until recently con- ducted all the local and district fights jand negotiations, Of these the larg- ‘est are South Wales, Yorkshire, Scot- land and Cheshire. Several of these constituent county associations are themselves feder- ‘large degree their own autonomy, The stated objects 1 vic tion are simply: (a) To provide funds to e: the business of the Federation; | (b) To safeguard and promote the | industrial and trade interesis of the affiliated membership; (ec) To provide funds to safeguard ;and promote the political and iegis- lative interests of the affiliaicd mem- | bership, The machinery of the Federation is composed of’ national officials, Execu- |tive Committee, Annual and special jconferences, The national officials are chairman, vice-chairman, treasurer and secretary, the.first three being |ehosen by the national executive. Thé@ secretary of the Federation is @ permanent official, but is also a member of the Executive. He is elect- ed directly by ballot of the 800,000 members of the Federation. He is the only paid official, while all the other national officials ave paid by ‘he re- spective county associations of which they are leaders, y cn are already beginning to prepare for! » sera. | 8 the business of the MFGB is vested in | an executive committee, consisting of | some 20 members. The executive com- | mittee is responsible to the delegate | conference, consisting of nearly 200 | delegates elected under varying ruies | from the county associations. For purpose cf poligy, the delegate | conference is the sovereign govern- | ing body; but this sovereignity is lim- ited in two ways. First on supremeiy important questioris such as the de- | tion of either a strike or a lockout, | the membership is consulted by means of a ballot vote. Secondly, by the method of referring its decisions back to districts for final ratification. It a@ great scurce of weakness during the last strike; the county associations were in the hands of reactionary lead- ‘ers, who were not interested in carry- | ing out decisions of the delegate con- | ferences. And when the South Wales | proposals were adopted no district felt | it was under a direct obligation to ‘carry them out. | Still more, attending & delegate con- ference of the MFGB is not looked | duty, but as a kind of excursion or | pleasure trip. And in many districts | the practice has been to give each miners’ lodge a turn to send a dele- | | gate. As a result, at every national | ecnference since the lockout, a differ- ent delegate has been sent. This greatly demoralized the work of the $ ations of small unions retaining to a conferences. The county associations are in most | cases older than the Federation. They have their own traditions, history and |eustoms. They have a full-sized ad- | ministrative machine, and their own | finanegs, accumulated funds, contri- butions, benefits, ete. All these things preve conclusively | that the MPGB lacks central author- ity. It is more of a loose alliance of mining unions than a strongly knit | centralized body. The members of central executive committee sit there not so much as responsible for the | whole ef the minefields, as ambassa- | «lors vepresenting the separate county | associations. This machinery proved to be 4 fail- |ure inf the last lockout and, in order ‘to successfully fight the combined forees of capitalism, it must be sup- planted by a national industrial union with a fighting leadership. Thts great task is already being carried out by the minority movement. It has al- ready drawn up a proposed plan for the amalgamation of the existin; unions into one Miners’ Union, tive government pronounce public- | claration of a strike, or the termina- | is the last method that proved to be | upon, in many cases, as an important | WHO’S WHO AND WHAT'S WHAT AMONG WALL STREET’S TOOLS IN CHINA TYPE OF SHIP THAT SHELLED WANKING — AOMROAL WitdOns John K. Da MARINES ‘FIGHT’ Navy Enlarges On First Account of Firing WASHINGTON, | firing on the marine corps plane near March | Managua, Nic: agra, which was yes- officially stated to be isolated fncident in which some un-| terday | the aviator, is new seized upon as the | bi ular battle. for the announcement of a reg- The navy department today says | that a detachment of several hundred | Liberals engaged the plane with} machine guns and rifles, that the/ | plane replied with its machine guns, | jand altho its fliers were not hit, the | propellors and tail were riddled. | The Constitutional army, support- , ing President Juan Sacasa against; | the Wall Street hireling Diaz, whom | the United States recognizes as presi- | dent of Nicaragua, has been restrain- | jing its natural fury against the American marines who snatch away | | all its victeries over Diaz by occupy- jing “neutral zones.” Under inter-| |national law, th have excellent | grounds for attempting to drive the | invading marines from the country, | ‘but in spite of the navy department story it is not believed that they have | yet resorted to hostilities. } British Miners Prepare for Next Fight plan is being circulated throughout the lodges of Great Britain for discus- sion. The most active members of the minority movement are being thrown into the coal fields to carry +m ihe agitation for this cha And, it can be stated, that thi already producing good Every coal field is discussing this most urgent problem and the M. M. is assured of the acceptance of the principle of One Union, In letter |frem Scotland written by two miners, we read: “The question of reorgani- ation is occupying the mind af, our} National Union. It is appar nt thar} the formation of a Scuttish National} Union cannot be long delayed. In Scotland we have about 80 county unions. The defect of snech a system is apparent in organization. A strong powerful machine much be built up | in Scotland which will abolish all these small unions, with their glaring deficiencies, “It is hoped that the reorganization of the Scottish coalfields will not be long delayed, as Scotland has an im- {portant part to play in the building up of the National Miners’ Union of Great Britain” (“The Miner, January 29th, 1927). Similar reports come from other districts. Resolutions are being passed in the districts as well as in many lodges demanding the reorgani- |zation of the MFBG inte one miners’ }union, on the lines proposed by the} |! miners’ minority movement. The changing of the machinery also / means the removal of the incompetent |local officials and county bureaucrats jof the Straker-Varley type. This pro- jeess is also beginning to develop. | From all quarters comes news of suc- cesses registered by the minority movement men in their candidature for lodge offices. The old reformist gang is being respectfully removed. | They are being gradually supercelod by fighting militants, in some instane- es with tremendous majorities. | The Jast miners’ lockout is only aj beginning of a long series of strug- | |wles which will decide the tac o | British capitalism. In these strug: {gles the miners will play 4 decisive jvole, Thought at present defeated, | ‘the miners are neither dismayed nor | | destroyed. Their spirit, as Will Lay | ther, the fighting leader of Durh: puts it, “is the spirit that laughs tyrants and will break them.” And, \this they will accomplish by a com- |plete re-organization of their trad junion machinery and by supplanti of the old reformist leadership by @ new revolutionary leadership, which | must come from the ranks of the minority movement, formed in the K portione: | the dis ! commt \ish settlers have founded 30.—The | tlements in Kherson. | together with the 12,000 Jewish col- onis form a anj|tion of 27,000 people. known person on the ground shot at| ish area, which will ha h, ordered bombardment of Nanking, killing and wounding over 7600, American consul at Nanking, former resident of Wooster, O., escaped. se waters, has maintained Shanghai as the chief base. \Largest Jewish Farmer |\Colony Is Founded in \U. S. S. R. The largest ter jn the BECOMES ‘BATTLE? ‘: ; Has 27,000 3. R., March 30 ricultural was recently; n district wher t recently ap- of land in h agricultural Je R. joviet governme 50,600 hee: ct to the Jewi it In the last two ye 15,000 Jew- 38 new se These settle alr ady occupying land there Jewish agriculgnral popula- The newly-organized Kherson Jew- regional “Lightning changes a grea e ne e% Ek'5. GEN. SMEDLEY BUTLER rie Brig. General kxecutive Committee seated in the Seyde-Menukhe colony, will be made up of six Jewish village Soviets, The remaini Jewish settlements are lo- cated near the Novo-Boroslav colony and are administered by separate vil- lage soviets. he elections to these soviets in the recent electoral campaign aroused a al of interest in the district, TIENTSIN, March 30.—Tientsin is being terroized by the northern war lords. A state of war has been de- | clared arf] the execution of labor lead- ters and Nationalist sympathizers is a daily feature. Workers and merchants ‘are forced by the police to accept valueless notes issued by military | commanders, ly Worker Evers ai —ally Read The D: in The DAILY WORKER,” one of our friends has called them. This is what has taken place in the paper during the course of the last few weeks. This is but a slight taste of what is coming. With our removal to New York, The DAILY WORKER has made a bold leap for: ward in the field of labor journalism, so much so that it has already aroused the deep ire of Green, Woll and the rest.of the reactionary gang. It is this ability to make lightning chang- es, when the situation demands it, that is a necessary qualification of a revolutionary or- ganization. It is this faculty which insures our movement against the dead hand of tradi- tion and conservatism, It is this ability which was one of the outstanding qualities of Com- rade Ruthenberg. It is this tendency toward rapid self-improvement in our paper which must ‘be encouraged in every possible way. There is no better way of insuring the introduction of new features and even more interesting matter than by the building up of a large Sustaining Fund for the purpose. The Ruthenberg DAILY WORKER Sustain- ing Fund is a guarantee of the growth and development of our paper. Upon the size of the Sustaining Fund, upon the en- ergy and enthusiasm with which it is sup- ported, will depend the amount of “star- tling progress” we can make in the fu- ture. Po vour bit to- ward this end by be- coming a REGULAR contributor to the Ruthenberg* DAILY WORKER: Sustain- ing Fund. DAILY WORKER, 33 First Street, New York, N. Y. Inclosed is my contribution of . . dollars .... cents to the Ruthenberg Sustaining Fund fof a stronger and hetter DAILY WORKER. I) | will pay the same amount | { j i regularly every ....... eeeee BOMP. ccc viasvadouse peeee Addrees pias con teenie oe 3