The Daily Worker Newspaper, March 28, 1927, Page 6

Page Six THE DAILY WORKER, NEW YORK, MONDAY, MARCH 28, 1927 Seizure of Nanking Is| Typical of Restraint of the People’s Revolution By J. LOUIS ENGDAHL. | By BERTHA BRAUNTHAL, Vienna. | HE position of the working | women in Austria is deterior- | ating from year to year. Austria is a small country the industry of which is no longer able to compete on the world market with the more tech- nically developed countries like Ger- many and England. As the em- RESIDENT Cal Coolidge and Secretary: of the Navy! ployers cannot rationalize their pro- Wilbur met at the White House in Washington last | duction, they are endeavoring to main- Saturday noon to exchange reports on the latest devel-|tain the anarchistic capitalist system opments in China. .,.|by means of the intensification of The newspaper reports do not give extended details | jAbor, cutting down wages and pro- as to this meeting. The Nanking massacre stuff had | jonging the working day. fallen flat. The e3 e, eagerly sought for, to open! Wale Workers Bicet hostilities on a large scale against the Chinese people,| Tyo» working women are the first had exploded into thin, air. | to fall victims to this offensive on : . : .. |the part of the employers. This of- The report of the International News Service, for in-| tensive is not meeting with the neces- stance, of this meeting between the alin pee sary resistance on the part of the tary of the navy and the strikebreaker president, should working class as the GROWING UN- be made a part of history. It reads: pe shortly | EMPLOYMENT is being used by the “Secretary Wilbur went to the White House shor! Y| employers to worsen the conditions of * * | The Austrian Working Women | in the Factories before noon and informed President Coolidge that ‘all} of the Americans are out of Nanking’. “Wilbur advices indicated only one} had beer Williams, and two wounded, a} Miss Mo: r. Hobart.” | That was all. And it hasn’t been proven that the | People’s army was responsible for this killing. | When bootleggers, beer runners and hijackers run| amuck in Chicago the casualties are greater. | Yet in Chicago, as has been brought out in the mu-| nicipal campaign now raging there, the attorney gen-| eral of the state refuses to permit any investigation of | such shootings, for instance, as the McSwiggin affair) that resulted in three deaths. The incident at Nanking, when the People’s Armies! took over this important city with nearly half a million} population, is proof of the ability of the Nationalist} government to maintain revolutionary “law and order.” | It is the highest tribute that could possibly be paid to) the discipline of the Nationalist soldiers and the self-| restraint of the Chinese masses. When the People’s armies successfully seized the} city, it meant that 5,000 northern troops, the allies of | the imperialists, including white (counter-revolutionary) | Russian mer: had to be driven out. Yet in this | clash only one American life was lost, that of the Rev. Dr. J. E. Williams, who ought to have been back in his} home town of Shawnee, Ohio, instead of trying to carry | the bible gospel of Rockefeller’s Standard Oil Company | | to a people who had no stomach for it. The imperialist government of the United States, however, is not worried about the fate of the Rev. Dr. Williams. When Wilbur and Coolidge met their only regret could have been that fhere were not more cas- ualties to offer them a better excuse to come to the vescue of Standard Oil and other American investmentg in the Far East. * * * American wérkers and farmers demand that mis- sionaries and the agents of big business get out of China, that all warships, with their hordes of marines and bluejackets be withdrawn. That will be the best protection for American lives in the present situation. But the government at Washington decrees differ- ently. Politicians, diplomats, swivel chair generals and admirals meet and decide to rush 1,500 additional mar- ines to China. The nearly 4,000 marines and blue jack-| ets already in China, with more than half a hundred| warships, have not proved sufficient to stir up the nec- essary amount of trouble, to provide an excuse for an actual declaration of war. More must be sent. More are being sent. But at the same time the campaign of the workers and farmers in this country against the sending of these trouble makers, and the withdrawal of the imperialist forces already in the Orient, continues and grows. Thinking labor can have no sympathy for those who | lose their lives in the pay of the profit masters. They sell themselves for a piece of gold. They all have aj price. They get their pay. Labor in this country should be solely concerned with the fate of Chinese labor, * * * There is truth in the poster that is now being dis-| played in Shanghai showing a foreigner stabbing aj Chinese girl. It may be taken for granted, however, that prac- tically every atrocity tale that comes thru, trying to picture great numbers of Americans massacred, is an empty lie. The faked massacre at Nanking should live for a long time as a warning to workers in this country not to believe the nonsense that appears in the kept press. * * * The DAILY WORKER has published the facts of American atrocities in China, Readers will remember that last year The DAILY WORKER gave considerable space to a letter from an American soldier in Shanghai who took great pride in the bloody role that he played in helping to suppress the general strike in that city. Remember the opening paragraph of his letter, writ- ten in the American Club, at Shanghai, to a friend in the United States as follows: “Dear Hank: Just before the battle, fellah, I'll write you a few lines from Shanghai—Li’l Ole Shanghai, where we spend the morning designing bridges, the noon fighting booze in the Astor House bar, and the afternoons and evenings shooting blood-thirsty Chinese. Yeah, even the wildest of us soon get tired of war, and even the most cold-blooded of us soon get tired of| seeing the streets gory and veritable shambles.” } The “blood-thirsty” Chinese were men, women and | children who had gone on strike at the Shanghai tex- tile mills, refusing to work the 12 and 14-hour day at a starvation wage. * * * Reminiscent of the Passaic, New Jersey, textile strike, this American writes of how death was dealt out to the Shanghai textile workers as follows: “This afternoon we were armed for a long campaign, had killed ten Chinese, crippled many for life, and had spilled blood all over Nanking Road—to protect our in- terests.* * * “Well, when we were about to open fire again, and this time to perhaps kill hundreds, two of our armored cars arrived, each with one-inch stecl walls, turrets, and machine guns mounted like in tanks—and these cars dreve full speed into the mobs. “The injury was appalling, two crushed to death, their guts spurting all over the streets, broken legs, ribs, and battered bodies caused by the mad rush for safety.” At another point this soldier of imperialism wrote: “The slaughter was pretty, seven at the first ses- sion, with the usual street full of heathens crawling on all fours, bleeding and screaming, and the usual street full of gore.” * * * In the face of a century of provocation, the loss of | one American life at Nanking, when this city was taken over by the People’s armies, will stand forth as the | greatest testimony possible of the calm restraint of a great people struggling to be free. The Chinese peo- ple’s revolution has the numbers on its side. It moves | submissive attitude of the social-dem- | ie of blue laws, that sage body, con- those still in employment. The number of unemployed at the beginning of February amounted to a total of 1,800,000 workers, of whom, one third are working women. More- over, the latter are not so well organ- ized as the men, as is shown by the fact that at the end of 1925, out of a total of 807,515 organized workers only 185,922, i. e. 23.02% were women. It must be admitted that working wo- men do not take an active part in Trade Union life, while the Social- istic Trade Union leaders do not make any effort to attract the women inte this work and to educate them. Socialists Inactive | Thanks to the inactivity and the} ocratie party, which has practically the whole of the working class organ- ized in its ranks, (out of a population of seven million there are 600,000 social democratic party members), the employers are proceeding to rob the workers of the last remnants of their revolutionary achievements, Thus they are demanding that the workers give up their ANNUAL HOLIDAY to which they are entitled by law, whilst in practice the bosses manage to dodge this law by the ex- pedient of dismissing women workers just before their holidays are due and engaging women again after a fort- night. The same contemptible trickery is practiced in the case of pregnant wo- men who are dismissed some time before their confinement in order to avoid the expenses under the health insurance law. Cases have been re- corded where, following on such bru- tal action on the part of the employ- ers, expectant mothers have commit- ted suicide, rather than face the ap- pallingly hopeless prospect of child- birth coupled with the horrors of unemployment. Bosses Threaten Lock Out The bosses are now threatening to lock out their entire staffs unless they agree to work longer, generally TEN HOURS A DAY, and renounce their right to a holiday. Thus it often hap- pens that after the dismissal of a number of workers, those left in the factory have to work more intensively in order to make up for those dis- missed. Where there were twelve working women, ten have now to per- “My Country "Tis of Thee By NAT KAPLAN. Hymns Of Hate It gives me a pain | Until I’m giddy | To hear parents call Their offspring kiddie. —Chicago Tribune. It affects me so I’m almost flighty | To hear a girl say: “Nightie, nightie.” —Florida Times-Union, The guy I hate Is that loathsome baby Who ends a spiel With: “I don’t mean maybe!” . * >. Rainbow What with the “yellow-peril,” the “red menace” and the ubiquitous top- gress, will soon buzz with colorful conversation. oe Ae Referee and Humorist Heard Nick Longworth, speaker of the house, at the recent banquet of the Cartoonists of America. He is a born humorist—and, more to the point, he has to be. Likely enough, he will start the next session with, “May the best man win, and no hit- ting in the clinches!” 6 oe Say It Ain’t So! Two of our friends, one a congress- man, and the other, a colyumist, threaten to quit and go to work, . * * The Shaighai Gesture Ta those who had referred to them, simply and contemptuously, as “the heathen Chinee,” our friends are now thumbing their noses in a gen- eral westerly direction. * * . Frustration The plight of the poor playwrights who receive lukewarm receptions re- minds one of the Harvard man who was courting a Radcliffe girl. Th? doleful fellow complained that he rre- form the same amount of work as was formerly done by twelve, The exploitation of working women is most strikingly shown where women working on time rates have to per- form the preparatory work for men engaged on piece work, These women are compelled to work at the same breakneck speed as the men in order that the latter shall not be kept wait- ing for material. The consequence is an appalling increase in the number of ACCIDENTS, which according to official statistics rose from 2417 cases in 1924 to 2624 in 1925. At the same time women receive much LOWER WAGES than the men. Among the cases mentioned above, in a certain factory whilst the men earn 50-60 (Austrian) shillings a week on piece work the women only get 28-32 shil- lings, i. e. less than one English pound for practically the same work. As a rule the women earn in the very best eases two-thirds, but generally only one half of the almost starvation wages of the men. Equal Pay for Equal Work The Communists are everywhere putting forth the demand of EQUAL PAY FOR EQUAL WORK, and as the result of our agitation the social democratic women brought forward the same demand at their. last party conference in October. As a matter of fact this demand is not realized even in the various undertakings and works which are under the control of the social democrats. It is characteristic of this party which is continually boasting of being the most “Left” and model revolutionary party in the Second International, that its leader, Otto Bauer, considered it necessary, at the benest of some prominent trade union leaders, to declare at the party conference that this demand— equal pay for equal work—need not be realized immediately as it would encounter great difficulties in view of the economic crisis now prevailing. Just as in regard to the question of equal pay for equal work, so the so- cial democrats have betrayed the in- terests of the working women in re- gard to the abominable ANTI-ABOR- TION LAW. In spite of all the big} talk, not only has no serious fight been put up by the Socialist Party of Austria for the abolition of this law under which many working women are flung into prison for practising abortion, but at the above-mentioned Party Conference a motion calling for the complete abolition of the anti- abortion law was rejected. Communists in Serious Straggle Only the COMMUNIST PARTY, in spite of the fact that it is still small, is carrying on a serious struggle against all the laws and conditions oppressing the working women. At this year’s INTERNATIONAL WO- MEN’S DAY the Party put forward the following main slogans: What is Proletarian Art? Dear Editor, Daily Worker: What is this proletarian | art I hear these learned birds talk about? It seems that it’s something that every radical tries to attain and something that “The New Masses” made a sorry mess | over. Way up here in the Bronx we havent much temerity, but this much we are emboldened to say: The guys who are looking for proletarian art in Green- wich Village or are trying to concoct some out of their own little heads are filled with the juice of the pretzel. What the matter with them is that they never worked at eighteen per. If they did they would find out what proletarian art is. They ought to hear the music of a truck-driver’s oaths when he finds out that he’s going the ‘wrong way on a one-way street, and there’s a cop at the end of the block—and no chance for turning. They ought to have to attend countless fraction meetings, membership meetings, committee meetings; they ought to do the countless little things that take the Communist’s time and energy. Then, perhaps, in their few spare mo- ments, would they write something that would approach that nebulous proletarian art they get so excited about. Anyway, comrades, here’s something from my type- writer which does not purport to be proletarian or any other kind of art, for that matter. I’m mean enough to hope that the New Magazine of The Daily Worker is so} starved for copy that you’ll even print some of my stuff. —SIMEON GERSON, 1256 Findlay Ave. * * * | Wants Movie Column Editor, Daily Worker: Where is Walt Carmon and what has become of Sylvan Pollack? I enjoy Harbor Allen's reviews and chuckle at A. B. Magi]’s destruction of pseudo-revolutionary play-acting, but—these shows rarely leave New York City, and a review without the possibility of viewing the show is like doughnuts minus coffee. The movie, on the contrary, has nation-wide presentation and is generally more within the range of the plebian purse. An when W. C. reviews a screen story he interests us whether we live in N. Y. C., Podunk, or even Northampton, Mass. Is it possible that Walt is sulking in Chicago since the removal to New York,—and how does this excuse Sylvan Pollack, whom I believe to be a New Yorker? Give us more movie reviews and less bulletins of what’s playing in New York theatres. The “Daily” is a National paper. More power to Lyons’ “Footnotes” and O’Flaherty’s column, but have we gained them to lose Max Schacht- man’s “Weekly Review”?. ’Twould be a shame. Personal regards from our branch to Comrade Miller whom we miss greatly, and comradely greetings to the rest of the editorial staff—AL BINCH, Boston, Mass, Urges Ban On “Peaches.” | Editor, Daily Worker: It isn’t enough that the capital- ist press has been plaguing us with this Peaches agd Browning stuff. How regretable it is that even our own “Daily” should allow the symposium conducted by Egdamlet to follow the example of the capitalist press, the purpose of which is to corrupt the minds of the workers. With comradely greetings.—HARRY WILKES. * ee Replies to Scissorbill | Editor, Daily Worker: I would like to meet Mr. Scissorbill and give him a piece of my mind. If it were not for ignoramuses like Mr. Scissorbill Communism would thrive more readily. A man who favors bosses when he only receives eighteen dollars a week is a fool. I wonder how he manages to live on that salary. Most probably he lives on the propaganda that the bosses hand out and for eighteen dollars he works like a mule. ~ Mr. Scissorbill, some of the best brains belong to the Communists and the true meaning of Communism has not gone through your thick head yet. If we had less EQUAL PAY FOR EQUAL WORK. EXTENSION OF PROTECTION FOR WORKING WOMEN AND MOTHERS. ABOLITION OF THE ANTI-AB- ORTION LAWS. THRU THE CLASS STRUGGLE TO THE WORKERS’ AND PEAS- ANTS’ GOVERNMENT! Hallelujah! _ The radio has brought a gleam of joy into the life of this sad chronicler. Now he is able to smoke and snicker | during a church sermon—or even end the session. Two years of compulsory chapel and church are avenged! ae ae Attention New Playwrights! We should like to join the round of discussion started by Messrs. Lyons, Shields and Allen, but our local (606) of the National Brotherhood of Colyumists very strictly enforces the |rules against the purchase of the- atre tickets and the paying of res- taurant checks. Perhaps we shall never see “Loudspeaker” or “Earth.” * * ° Compensation A varied and hectic set of experi- ence teaches one that a rolling stone gathers.no coin of the realm, a shiny suit and a heluva lot of fun. * * * Mrs. Feitlebaum “The gobbidge man, mommer!” “Tell him we don’t want any!” ‘Could Not Repay Loan, Young Worker Commits Suicide ‘When Scolded (By A Worker Correspondent), DENVER, Colo., March 27.—Sam Dalidow, 17, a junior at high school, attempted suicide recently by taking poison. Instead of metaphysical wonder- ings and of trying to find out about things after death like most of the recent student suicides he had the great here and now to worry about, He worked for the Tramway Com- pany after school as a trailor conduc- tor and said he had to have. money for change so he borrowed $25.00 from a loan shark, | _ He paid the $25 with interest back, but had to borrow some more right soon and when he could not pay it back the loan company started to send letters to his home, His mother was angry because he borrowed money and he didn’t know what to do, he said. Perplexed by life’s diffi- culties he tried to end it all by death. Roll in the Subs For The DAILY like an irresistible glacier pushing imperialism and all its frantic allies into the Pacifie Sea. Fone meee ements (cme csr nts atAR Rat ferred active hostility to Tassive / acquiescence, \ i Jf WORKER. | ; fools like you and more intelligent men like that “damn red” this world would be a better place to live in. I am, Against the bosses—A STUDENT. SEND IN YOUR LETTERS The DAILY WORKER is anxious to receive letters from its readers stating their views on the issues con- fronting the labor movement. It is our hope to de- velop a “Letter Box” department that will be of wide interest to all members of The DAILY WORKER family. Send in your letter today to “The Letter Box,” The DAILY WORKER, 33 First street, New York City. TWO HYMNS OF HATE, AND A HYMN OF HOPE Joseph Kalar 1. The oozing slime of your minds has defiled all things; the whip in your hands has lashed all things, love, friend- ship, brotherhood, ail things; and sanity itself you drowned in the putrid vomitjof your souls! These things—by God! We shall remember! You have robbed, beaten, killed, and the smirk on your face deepens, and your hands close in pious affirmation of the goodness of God, a God created in your own im- age, bestial, cruel, insatiable! The worker that toiled at your command, sweated blood in smelters, toiled in the damp hell of coal mines, shriveled in factories, was beaten in jails, sold like a the United States of America. ter of the two states involved. * There are three chief sources that , account for the problem of homeless! children in the Soviet Union: (1)| The direct heritage from czarism and | capitalism; (2) the imperialist and! civil war; (8) the famine of 1921. First, there is a direct heritage! from czarism and capitalism in chil- dren of those elements so submerged! by capitalist misery that they do not| at once respond to the new condi- tions of the proletarian state, espe-! cially since in the beginning all ef- forts must be concentrated so sharp- ly on the fight for life against the imperialist foes that, despite the best | of intentions, proletarian social wel- fare work must wait. Also In America. All countries will bequeath such a heritage to their young proletarian | dictatorship. An American writer} recently boasted that, thanks to the “force”, “40,000 children who would not otherwise have been provided for on Christmas day were given a big feed in the police stations.” (Fosdick, “American Police Systems”.) The Philadelphia Bureau of Chil- dren has stated that “about 100,000 children in Pennsylvania need some form of care, either public or private, away from their own homes or with- in their own homes under mothers’ assistance.” (“The Annals of the American Academy of Political and Social Science,” Sept., 1925, p. 159.) But the Russian load was an espe- cially heavy one. Prof. Gernet states that the number of families below the poverty line in Petersburg alone in 1914 amounted to almost 36,000, and that by 1916 this had risen to 83,000. Estimating two children per family we have a potential army of waifs. of staggering size in the former capital alone, an army great- er than the total still to be cared for throughout the whole Soviet realm— a sixth of the earth. American Child Workers. | In shedding its crocodile tears over the boys on Russian streets on winter nights, the American press loses sight of its own army of chil- dren engaged in the so-called “street trades,” a euphemism which hides a large part. of the “bezprezhorni” problem in capitalist countries. Even in rich America two million children must work for their living—which is a condition from which Soviet Russia is happily free. Adults only sell newspapers and deliver telegrams, special delivery letters, packages, etc. The adult cobbler is the only bootblack. The boys and girls go to school until it is time to continue their training in the industries. But in America, the 1923 report of the chief of the childrens’ bureau, de- partment of labor (p. 16), states that in the American city of Wilkes-Barre, for instance, five out of every hun- dred school children are engaged in “street trades,” half of them under the age of 12, even though the state law expressly forbids such employ- ment to boys under 14, Undettaged Newsies. One-fifth of the newsboys were under 10 years of age—and “new- sies” are reported to furnish 66 per cent of the reform school inmates in New York, 75 per cent in Philadel- phia. In the 1920 official report of the same “children’s bureau” (p. 22), we are told that in a mining town “% of the boys and % of the girls had worked—family need was the slave that your paunch might burst with your gluttony, you suffocated in the filth of your insatiable greed, and as he fell, you only lashed him the more, frothing at the mouth! These things—-yes, by God! we shall remember them! > ‘2. I was told America was my sweetheart, that she was the light of liberty, that she fought the leprosy of ignor- ance, war, and:race hatred. 1 fell for that stuff, that bank. I was ready to die for her. » That was before I caught her fornicating with the bestial Gods that strip the earth of all beautiful things; that was before I caught her pimping for the fat complacent men lolling like swine in their high chairs, while my brothers were hung by the rope in their hands! That was before I caught her stabbing Nicaragua, trying to throttle Mexico, joining with the rest of the whores in the mad swinish dance over China! If they come to me with that sweetheart stuff again, by God! I'll know what to do! I know now wha. my sweetheart is, and I'll never for- get, even though they rape, murder, and burn her before my eyes, by God! I will never forget! j 0 God! Darkness! Darkness! Monstrods, horrible dark- ness! Out of the whirling agony that is the earth Vomit clouds of acrid smoke! Blood flooding the land, coloring the waters. Cosmos itself on the wrack! Hark! Out of the womb of darkness, Slender fingers of light come stealing, Bathing the tortured earth with waves of delicious warmth. | O blessed light! \ beautiful unconquerable force! { reason most frequently given for the children leaving and going to work— nearly % of the fathers had had periods of unemployment du the year and one-fifth had met with ac- cidents at their work.” Capitalism Breaks Family. The effect of capitalist family re- lationships and of the street environ- ment on American child slaves will be gone into later in taking up the false press charges that the problem of the Russian waif is “a distressing result of the Bolshevik efforts to destroy the family and the church.” For the present it is enough to show that the streets of capitalist coun- tries are by no means clear of chil- dren on wintry nights. Worst In Colonies. Bad as conditions are in the more developed metropolis, they are even worse in the colonies where capital- ist exploitation lays its most ruth- less hand. Thus the 1922 report of the children’s bureau admits (p. 19): “A large group of homeless children, estimated at 10,000, constitute a pressing problem of dependency in ‘orto Rico. The bureau made a schedule study of a considerable number of these children, which re- vealed not only their present needs but some of the causes which made them homeless. Interest has been aroused among official and unofficial was by une means a new problem be- cause same official ported two years previously: “With 100,000 children between 8 and 14 out a Letters From Our Readers | HOMELESS CHILDREN — IN U.S. S.R, AND IN THE U.S.A We offer here one of a series of four articles from our cor- respondent in Moscow on a problen chout which,much noise was made recently in the capitalist press. inite aspect will be taken up frankly and in detail. And as in the case of this one, not only will the truth be told about condi- tions in Russia, but this condition will be compared with those prevailing in capitalist countries—even in the richest on earth, In cach of them one def- In almost every case this com- parison will be based upon government publications, and else- where on unquestionable non-Communist cvthorities. as this problem is a deep sociu! problem it cannot be dealt with in any narrow reportorial manner. family, health, labor, edweation--and ubove all the class charac- Inasmuch It involves questions of law, * * of school in Porto Rico it cannot be supposed that all.will keep out of mischief. If also there are several thousand destitute and uncared for waifs—etc’’ (p. 27). Thus two years after the Porto Rican “bezprezhorni” problem received official recognition in gover nt reports it finally man- aged to reach the point where “offi- cial interest had been aroused.” The day after the Bolshevik revolution the first homeless children were al- ready living better than ever before in their lives in the palaces of the erstwhile nobility. Russia Suffered Most Secondiy, in fcur years of imperial- ist war, Russia, as is well known, lost far more men than any of the other powers—Entente or Allies. To this must be added the frightful losses of the five years of military interven- tion and civil war when the Russian workers had to fight the conscript armies of the whele capitalist world. Those killed number 4,000,000; those incapacitated 9,000,000! Picture to yourself—if in 1919 every second man in the U. S.—from 20 to 55!—had been killed or wounded—then you will realize the losses in man power Rus- sia suffered. White Guards Kill Parents The extent to which the young Sov- iet Republic was disturbed in its sore- ly needed work of industrial construc- tion can be seen from the fact that 5,300,000 men still had to be kept under arms in the red armies at the end of 1920. (They have now been reduced to a local militia army of little more than one-tenth that num- ber). At that time, whilethe whole vast country was being ravaged from end to end by the armies of the White generals and by their imperialist al- lies under fourteen flags (including the Stars and Stripes despite the fact that no war was ever declared against the Russian people), the children whe escaped the White massacres and pro- groms swelled thé hordes of homeless and helpless children to staggering proportions. Unprecedented Drought Thirdly, came the most terrible famine in the history of Russia. Due to an unprecended drought the whole Volga valley, the great granary of the country, shrivelled into sterility. Col. Paxten Hibben reported that 27 million people were starving. That is just about one-half the total urban population of the U. S. A.—how would things look in America if every sec- ond inhabitant in each of the 2787 cities, towns and villages were starv- ing to death? And what would be the after effects if the people of all but one of the states west of the Mississippi had been visited by such a catastrophe? In January, 1922, it was stated in the American press that “so far all foreign relief organ- izations are supplying food to about 1,500,000 children; but these consti- tute only 20% of the total number of starving children.” The famine was eventually overcome, and then fol- lowed a long grim struggle with ite after-effects, in the closing chapters of which are to be included the more than 300,000 children which are still being provided for in homes and com- munes, and the possible 125,000 still to be won over to these or similar social arrangements, In $1,000,000 Case / Frederick L. Black, agencies * * *” At that time this| Manager of the “Dearborn Sapiro’ tng heard in. Di