The Daily Worker Newspaper, December 21, 1926, Page 3

i ANDRE PASCHUK, POLISH M.P., 18 ON TOUR OF U.S. Tells Daily Worker of . we Polish Crisis eae Jol. Andre Paschuk, member of the Pollsh parliament from Volhynia and feader of the national minority move- ment of the Ukrainians In Poland, wame te The DAILY WORKER office @n Friday to pay nis respects to the “only revolutionary working class pa- Per In English tn the United States,” @s he put it thru his interpreter, Paschuk is just completinz a three- months’ tour of the United States on behalf of the amnesty.movement in Poland)for’the release of the 6,000 or niore political prisoners that have been confined and tortured by the re- ectionary govrenment. He is now on his way east and in two, weeks’ time ‘wil, sail for home to again take up tis struggle. in the Polish parliament against the black forces represented by Pilsudski. Communist Fraction Member. He is an active member of the Polish fraction in the Sejm. | There re six Communist deputies and 26 peasant deputies that compose this fighting minority in the chamber that, Qt great risk, consistently challenges the white terror and the ruthless regime of the land owners and cap- Htalists of Poland. Paschuk declares that Pilsudski’s star is on the wane. At the time of hfs original coup, Pilsudski had a degree of popularity with the peas- antry. They hoped he would oppose the land owners and put a curb upon’ the industrial exploiters, This senti- ment has now changed, he said. Pil- sudski is extremely unpopular every- where among the masses and has moved steadily to become the most reactionary force in Poland, even to the point of wishing to become king. 360,000 Unemployed. The lack of faith in Pilsudski among the peasantry and workers of Poland proper is echoed by an extreme hatred of his regime among the 9,000,000 Ukrainians and White Russians who compose the suppressed national minorities of this artificially created state. The Ukrainian and White Rus- sian movement is gaining in strength and {s supported by the Communist Party whose prestige and influence is increasing by leaps and bounds thruout the masses of the peasantry .and the workers, The economic situation of Poland is extremely critical, Paschuk reports. The Polish zloty is being propped up by dangerous inflation, the factories are working only part time, the streets are filled with 350,000 unemployed and the lot of the peasant becomes worse every day. Predicts Revolt. The Polish socialist party, he said, was nominally against Pilsudski, but since Piisudski originated with this party and since its negligence caused Pilsudski to seize power, there is, among the leadership of the party a sectet admiration: of Pilsudski as exemplified in the term “Grandfather” (that is, of the party) applied to him by the leading socialists. Paschuk predicts the early collapse of the Pilsudski regime and, judging from the present trend of events and the growing influence of the Com- munist Party, he believes that the next crisis will take on the color of a genuine workers’ and peasants’ bid for power, Report New Gains of Negro Workers I @ survey of the month’s activi- ties of Negro workers for November. the December issue of Opportunity, Journal of the National Urban League, reports: “& growing sentiment within the ranks of organized labor to organize Negro workers is noticed in many sec- tions of the country. In Philadelphia, where 2,500 tobacco workers are em- ployed, efforts are being made to se cure their membership. In Hot Springs, Ark., it is reported that the change in union sentiment toward Ne- groes ia: “noticeable among bricklay- ers.” In Columbia, 8. C., more Negro plumbers and electricians are at work. These are’ two trades where rigid union restrictions ‘have greatly inter- fered with the granting of licenses as well as employment of Negroes. In New York colored motion picture op- erators, who waged a prolonged fight to secure union recognition, are picket- img a Harlom theater as a protest against the theater management's em- ployment of non-union operators in its concessions to colored electricians who seldom, if ever, enjoy full union privileges,” Negotlate Huge Loan, j NDW YORK—Nogotiations for a $20,000,000 loan to the Berlin Electric company ora, completed by Dil- 3 i ©o,, it ia announted, The THE DAILY WORKER 7th Congress of Soviet Trade Unions Elects New Central Council of 168; Adjourns After Hearing A. J. Cook (Special Cable to The Daily Worker) MOSCOW, U. 8 &. R., Dec, 19—The seventh congress of the trade unions of the Soviet Union closed Saturday after electing a central council of 168 members Including Tomsky, Dogadoff, Melnitchansky, Losovsky, Schmidt, Andreyev, Ordjonokldze, Kuibishev, Lepse and Schwarz, A. J. Cook, secretary of the British Miners’ Federation met a tremendous ovation when he delivered his farewell speéch on behalf of the representa- tives of trade union organizations of various foreign countries, including England, France, Belgium and others, Cook declared that his stay in the U. S. S, R. has convinced him} of the necessity to overthrow capitalism and create a new power on the basis of the Soviet system. He urged the organization of a real, all-comprising work- Ing class international. On the same day of adjournment the plenum of the central council met and re-elected Tomsky,, chairman, and Dogadoff secretary of the All-Russian Council of Trade Unions, - Sun’s Defeat by Cantonese Decisive relations with the nationalist govern- ment compatible with that fact. The (Continued from page 1.) offieials, including the foreign minis- ter, Hugene’ Chen, the finance minis- ter, T. V. Tsoong; Sun-Foo and a few thers; with secretaries and assistants were scheduled to depart from Can- ton on the 15 or 16 to make a general survey of the situation in the newly- acquired ‘territory. On the basis of this inspection tour, they were to make a decision as to whether or not the capital:of the na- tionalist government is to be remov- ed from Canton to a city in the Yang- tse region in the immediate future. Sun Yat-Sen Birthday Celebration. What is considered by long-time residents of. China to have been the largest popular ceiebration in recent Chinese history was’*the communal celebration of the 60th anniversary of Dr. Sun Yai-en’s. birthday, held in Canton: Nov.12. Work~of all sorts, save of the most necessary, was drop- ped for 24' hours to allow all the residents of the city to participate in great festivities of varied kinds. It is estimated conservatively that near- ly half a million people participated, in one way or another, in the exerciz- 66, Huge Processions. The observances opened the even- ing ‘before, with a monster lantern procession whtich.wound in and about, all’ around the city, thru the wide driveways called Na Loo. Traffic was blocked for about four hours, while the seemingly never-ending parade marched past. All sorts and condi- tions of organizations took part, from large delegations of peasants, with their queer medieval types of arms, such as knife-spears, tridents, etc., to groups of officials, There were immense student dele- }), Tepresentative ~ groups from, all the trades and labor unions, dele- gations of boy scouts and girl scouts. Every parad& carried a paper lan‘ tern, and While one portion of the fine was singing, or shouting some of the manifold slogans of the nation- alist movement, niilitary bands, in other portions of the line, made the night gay with music. Tell of Significance. Simultaneously, on over 150 plat- forms specially erected in various parts of the city, speakers addressed various ‘sized crowds on the lessons of Dr. Sun Yat-Sen’s life and on the sig- aificance of the nationalist movement and its purposes of unifying China under a democratic regime. It was, altogether, a prodigious dis- play of the immense vitality of the Cantonese and of the nationalist movement, as well as of the extra- ordinary widespread character of the organization of the Kuomintang (Peo- ple's Party) in the nationalist revo- lutionary capital. On the twelfth’ there was an open air-mass meeting at’thé’Hast Parade Ground, whose forty acres of space seemed literally filled with humanity when exercises opened on five sep- arate platforms at noon. At each of ‘hese platforms the reverent three- minute contemplation was begun at a0on sharp, bare-headed, hundreds of thousands bowing before pictures of the late nationalist leader, Speeches followed from all five plat- forms. At the central one these ad- dresses were made by Ku Meng-yu, by the chairman of the strike committee, by Sun Foo, mayor of Canton and a son-of Dr. Sun, and by Borodin, the Russian high adviser to the national- ist government. Airplanes hovered overhead, drop- Ding leaflets. Military bands played triumphant music, while an estimated two" hundred thousand men, women and children gave voice to. the ardent nationalist, patriotism of China which nowhere gets So.unrestrained an ex- Pression as in Canton, Politically what {8 considered a most important communication was dispatched by the nationalist govern- ment on Noy. 8, The representative of Portugal in the consular body at Canton was its recipient. This was because he ig dean of the consular body, Precisely because ga ser tak A St Se a ie EE ee een en) It was, however, he {8 dean that the note held the im- Dortance it does, It was, ostensibly superficially, @ reply to the Portu- guese consul's note transm| the nationalist ig ag against the new production - sumption taxes now being eves he the nationalist government, ‘The note said, in effect, that Oan- ton, not Peking, {9 today the holder of national power im Ohina, Hereto- fore, the powers have not made their | unre t Saad, "s ae) diplomatic body at Peking, as a body, is not recognized by Canton because neither that body, nor its several members, has regularized its relations with Canton. The Note, The note follows: “Sir:—In order to avoid misufderstanding and to as- sist to a right perception of the new realities of the national situation re- sulting from the extension of nation- alist authority over the greater part of China, I have the honor to return the enclosed letter, dated Nov. 5 and transmitted thru the post, which pur- ports to be a protest communicated by the ‘Senior Consul at Canton’ by direction of the ‘Senior Minister of the interested powers represented at Pek- ing’ who declare that they cannot recognize the legality of the internal taxes authorized ‘by ‘the Canton au- thorities’ on consumption and produc- tion of goods within the Liang-Kwang on the ground that the same are ‘in direct violation of treaties,’ Don’t Recognize Peking. “My government does not recognize the existence of the ‘Senior Minister of the interested powers represented at Peking’ (who lacks juridical sanc- tion), nor are the status and the re- lations of the ‘same powers vis-a-vis my government regulated on a basis, which can properly entitle them to raise the question of a ‘direct viola- tion of treaties.’ “I have the honor to add that, my government is ready to discuss this and other questions; as and when all or any of the powers represented at Peking realize that national power and authority has long since ceased to be exercised in Peking and that |- the _ revolutionary and constructive forces of nationalist China have now transferred this national power and authority to my government. “(Signed) Chen Yu-jen, “Acting Minister for Foreign Affairs.” Supported by Law, Qualified foreign lawyers, versed in international law, privately express the opinion that Foreign Minister Chen has struck squarely at the weak- est spot in the armor of the diploma- tie body in Peking in its relation with the nationalist government. Until the Peking diplomats make clear and cer- iain the category in which they place the nationalist government— i, e., whether as a de facto authority in a section of China, or as the holder of a predominant part of national au- thority in China—these lawyers state that the Peking diplomats are in no Position to act, as a body, in dealing with the nationalist government. Send one (or all five)/ The Red Gift to your shopmate CANTON BREAKS WITH BRITAIN OVER TREATIES Demand Recognition as First Step (Special to The Daily Worker) SHANGHAI, Deo, 19, — The nego- tions between the British minister, Miles Campaon and Eugene Chen, for- eign minister of the Kuomintang gov- ernment which had engaged the two for the past several days at Hankow, are reliably reported to have broken down. Y Lampson’ is on his way back to .| Peking without having secured satis- faction from the Cantone:» who de manded de jure recognition of their national government from Great Brit- ain as the condition for renewing treaties, Lampson had attempted t secure guarantees for British busines: interests especially in the Yangtz Valley, most of which is under Canton control, Spilt at Home. Lampson’s behavior is largely dic- tated by conditions in England where the tory cabinet is split on the ques- tion of Chinese relations, It becomes clear now that the foreign office had several months ago been in favor of a@ more moderate policy towards the Cantonese, Being in touch with the situation and knowing the extent of the Kuomintang power, the foreign office was willing to make overtures to the Kuomintang immediately after the latter’s huge successes in the Yangtze, But the tory die-hards in the cabi- net led by Lord Birkenhead and Win- ston Churchill raised the cry of a “Bolshevist danger” in China. A harsher policy was then determined upon and the ministers to China changed. More Warships. Another indication of the British attitude towards China is the recent ordering of the fourth naval squadron from Malta to Chinese waters. The British position, however, seems to be unsupported by other foreign pow- ers such ag the United States, Even Japan is hesitant about supporting Chang Tso Lin outside of Manchuria. MEYERHOLD JAZZES UP GOGOL; CRITICS GASP, BUT CROWD APPLAUDS - MASCOW, U..8. 8. R., Deo. 19.— Literary critics and the proletariat differ in the way they received Meyerhoid's presentation of Gogol’s classle drama, “The District Inspec- tor,” which has long been a f of the Moscow Art Theater. Where Stanisiaweki of the Art Theater pro- duces It in a dignified, almost stilted manner, Meyerhold has modernized it to a startling degree. He pre- sented It after a year of propara- tlon, “It Ie like jazzing Hamlet,” gasped some of the oritios. “He has no right to.take such Ilberties with Gogol, the great master of expres- sion of the soul and body of the Russian people.” But the popular taste, ignoring tradition, enjoys the aptness of Go- gol’s plot as brought up to date and laughs at the increased pungency in the satire on czarist officials. WISCONSIN FARMERS DISCARD CLASS COLLABORATION The Farmers’ Section will appear regularly in every Monday morning’s Issue of The DAILY WORKER, Watch for it. POLICIES AND SEE ONLY HOPE IN JOINING WITH LABOR ASHLAND, Wis., Dec. 19 the American Farm Bureau tion, which at its Chicago conventi this month was apparently ent under the control of big busine American Society of Ei ation of “dirt farmer onsi ind other states, swung sharply to th eft in its state convention here. The convention threw the po lass collaboration, broached by r f its unintelligent member over »oard, and passed a number of resolu Unl ons, including a demand that un-| Federa rgani- ejand Alaska, and knows the labor sit uation as well as that of the starving, m2} mortgaged and bankrupt farmers, ose wives and children toil with them so they can continue to sell dairy products and other produce far below njthe cost of production. There is no e{alternative—it is that or join the |ranks of the unskijled in the alties, ot junder the present situation. Some Fall for Collaboration. -| Some of the farmers who were taken in by the banquet provided by the chamber of commerce in an effort to arned incomes be taxed more heav- ;make the farmers “buy at home” be- y than earned incomes, With Organized Labor. It put out its hand to org labor and invited J. J. Handle: retary of the Wisconsin State F cipal speakers. Handley’s direct slap at the bankers and manufacturers who are getting control of some of the that the farmers become militant, brought a stormy session of appla Both Too Docile. “What the farmer needs is a good punch on the jaw to make him show fight,” he challenged, and the farmers agreed, Handley went on and said’ that both labor and the farmers have been altogether too docile. He told the farmers not to be frightened at the scare talk in the newspapers, make their demands for a living felt. Farmers Reciprocate, The farmers, in their turn, sent sev- eral of their leaders to a meeting of the Central Trades and Labor Council which held a special session during the farm convention, Patrick Stevens of St. Croix county made it plain that the farmers under- stood that “the conditions which rob the farms of our boys and girls are throwing you out of employment.” He explained how the trek of ‘bankrupt farmers to the cities was complicating the city labor situation by adding to the labor surplus and providing green labor to keep down the wage scales, Paul Schweinberg, Merrill, a farmer who has been a labor organizer and Militant farm leader for years, and | who remembers the soup kitchens and | bread lines in the most critical days | of New, York City labor's fight for | existence, said “these two producing | forces, labor and the farmer, must, be- | come the controlling power in our} collaboration ta: | tion of Labor, to be one of its prin- | farm organizations, and his demand | V¢ children deserve, should the farmers decide to strike to | legislatures. All of the farmer speak- | ers scouted the idea that the interests | of farmers and laborers are opposed, } and made it plain that they under- | stood that both groups suffered from | the same exploitation in different | forms, | Sketches Revolutions. President George Nelson, Milltown, | speaker at the last session of the Wis- | consin state legislature, sketched tho | history of revolutions in Babylon, | |gan responding to toasts with class ideas. “Each group other; let’s co-operate,” sed eds the the tenor of these overtures to the business men. All Hogs Not on Farm, There was a rapid-fire response on the part of other farmers. ter A. H, Pot- Washburn, a man who was for- connected with the produce mmission business and real estate business in the Twin Cities, and who ws both ends of the farm game, j|declared that “most of the hogs are in Wall Street, not in the farmers’ back yards.” He flayed the tax re- ate as benefitting the big income holder and not the farmer. He said the farmer has no right to let anyone take from him the things his wife and the same as the wives and children in the cities get. Preacher Falls Flat. Rev. Joseph Steinhauser, Auburn- dale, got onto the program with a talk on “How the Church Can Help he Farmer,” but he did not tell how, and hig talk did not go over very big. President Nelsson declared flat that democracy is on test” and said it night go the route of Babylon, Rome, France and Russia. See Thru Congress. The farmers passed a resolution ask- ing farm relief from congress, but hed as they did so. “This is merely a matter of form; everyone knows that conggress will do nothing tor the farmers,” they stated, “If every laborer, whether with plane or plow, got the product of his toil, this would be the grandest nation he world,” said one speaker. The »ral school situation, under which farmers’ children get but scant oppor- tunity for education, was rapped. “There is a unity between labor and the farmer which cannot be de- nied,” sald another. The Equity Society élected the same (fiicers and will continue its policy of getting down to the fundamentals of economics and not falling for the propaganda of business and the town tapker, To Fight Corn-Borer. WASHINGTON, Dec. 19.—A con gressiona] appropriation of $6,000,000 to fight the ravages of the European Rome, France and Russian referring | corn-borer will be sought under plans to the present economic status of the | farmers, Nelson is a former miner in | the days when guns were used, il | has labored in 38 states, in Canada being developed by a mid-western group of representatives headed by Representative Purnell, republican, of Indiana, |Form Organization Combat Mellon Atte: |to Control Farm Lo | WASHINGTON, Dec, 19.—Th: tional Association of Federal Loan Borrowers has deen orga) it is announced, to expose and | bat the plans of Secretary Mell | distort the federal farm loan a prevent the farmers getting b from it. Carl Vrooman, former s ant secretary of agriculture, is }dent of the organization, Mellon is attempting to bring farm Joan banks under complete ination of the treasury departme is revealed. The organization carry on a fight to liberate the a istration of the 12 land banks, cr | by the act, so that they cam mak: | loans more flexible and thus tide {the hard-pressed farmer, instes | foreclosing. Farm Products Fall A . * in Price in Octo! WASHINGTON, Dec. 19.—The eral level of wholesale prices in vember was 1 per cent lower thi October, while there was a dea of more than 6 per cent as comy with November prices in 1925, th partment of labor announced, Farm products in general were 3 per cent lower than in October, mainly to decline in the price corn, wheat, cattle, hogs, cotten hides. Foods and clothing mate also were slightly lower, as were cellaneous commodities. Practically no change was st for metals and house furnish while fuel and building materials higher. Cal to Run Again? NEW YORK.— President Coo will be a candidate to succeed self in 1928, declared Senator ¥ worth at the National Repub club here. “The country wants and he will get another term, / wants it,” said Wadsworth. The ator admitted that Coolidge is popular” with the farmers, but the farmers did not poll enough to hurt.” NEW YORK | WORKERS SCHOO ANNUAL CHRISTMAS EV! NEW. STAR CASINO ,- 10T* ST-NEAR PARK AVE- ~. GINSBERGS Vegetarian Restaura: 2324-26 Brooklyn Avenus LOS ANGELES, CAL, Package Make yourself a present of Five Different Packages of Choice Revolutionary Pamphlets Offered at Half Price and Shipped Postpaid to Any U.S. Address Principles of Communiom, the original draft of the Communist mani: by Friedrich Engels Blood and Steel ... 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