The Daily Worker Newspaper, November 23, 1926, Page 6

———— Pago Six oe SOA, ini ee THE DRILY WORKER DA AILY WORKER PUBLISHING CO. Published by the 1113 W. Washington Blvd., Chicago, Ill. Phone Monroe 4712 SUBSCRIPTION RATES By mail (in Chicago only): | By mail (outside of Chicago): $8.00 per year $4.50 six months $6.00 per year $3.50 six months 50 three months | $2.00 three months Address all mail and make out checks to THE DAILY WORKER, 1113 W. Washington Bivd., cnuceas mM 1. LOUIS ENGDAHL | Baitors WILLIAM F, NNE BERT MILLER 3us fe Manager Entered as second-class mail September 21, 1923, at the ‘post -office at Chi- cago, Ill, under the act of March 3, 1879. Advertising A any in the East Dutch Java in the Wast Indies has become ‘the Roumania of the Orieht thru ihe bloody campaign’ of extermination launched against the revolutionary workers on the island. Many slain and wounded, hundreds imprisoned and now the an nounced exile of the Communist leaders of the struggle indicates deep-rooted discontent among the workers and the most brutal methods on the part of the reighing tyranny to maintain itself in power. Details leading up to the present events are lacking. But they show an increasing militancy among the workers of Java in common with those of neighboring countries, especially in Australia, India, the Philippines and China. y Boasting of its alleged “democracy” at home, Holland, pever- theless, employs all the torture instruments of imperialism in order to subdue the coffee, sugar and rubber workers on its treasured colonial possessions, even as Belgium in its Congo. The socialist sentiment on the island was, strong even before the world war. Since the Bolshevik revolution in Russia, the revo- lutionary movement on the island has developed a strong Com-| munist Party wielding great influence in the trade unions. Owing to the oppressive measures of the government, the unions have been forced to lead a semi-illegal existence, but this does not seem to have isolated them from the masses of workers. ‘The failure of the ex- ploiters to crush the organized workers no doubt brought on. this Jatest assault with its killings and jailings, as a result of which the governor general reports to the Dutch colonial ministry that the situation thruout West Java is “satisfactory.” Just as “satis- factory” as Mussolini sitting on his Italian “Vesuvius.” The attack on the Javanesé workers is merely another argu-) ment in favor of greater unity, not only between the workers of the ~ Karl M: By THURBER LEWIS ARTICLE THREE ARX calls this difference between the value that the worker adds to the commodity to pay for his labor power and the value of the total eight hours of application, SURPLUS VALUB. It is the time over and above the VALUE of his labor power that the worker works and for which he is not paid, his unpaid labor time, It is in this surplus value that Henry' is interested altho he doesn’t cal lit that. This is the source of his profits as it is the source of the profits of all capital What they do is to own the means of work. Henry OWNS the Highland Park plant in which thousands of workers slave eight hours a day EVERY ONE OF THEM contributing his share of UNPAID LABOR TIME or SURPLUS VALUE from which Henry reaps his big bank balances and his ability to reinvest in the industry and make bigger profits. And all this time Henry pays them at their value. What protest have the workers got coming? What About 5-Day Week, NS that we have cleared up these things, we come to the main question: Why, if he gets his profit from the unpaid labor time of the workers, does Henry shorten the work-time of the workers? Doesn't he reduce his profits accord- ingly? Let us go back to Marx again, There are twe kinds of surplus value. One kind Marx calls ABSOLUTE surplus value and the other RELA: TIVE surplus value, Absolute surplus value is derived by the em- ployer by LENGTHENING the hours of work so that, the period required by the worker to work out the value of his labor power remaining the same, the extra hours tacked on to his day means extra profits to the boss. This is the method used in some industries. When the open shop pers make a drive for, the abolition of the eight- hour day and the substitution of a nine or ten- hour day, it means they are increasing the ABSO- LUTE surplus value by one or two hours and swelling their profits tlfat much. The New Method. N other industries, and this is the rule in the present highly competitive and efficient period of industrial development, instead of lengthening Ge th arx on penep Piles Up His Big Profits on the Time the Worker Works for Him and for Which He Is Not Paid—An Explanation of RELATIVE and AB- SOLUTE Surplus Value HENRY IN HIS FIRST CAR. In these days Henry didn’t amount to much. Even horseless carriages were a scarcity. Large scale pro- duction had not begun-to blossom. He himself could not foresée the phenomenai development of American capitalism that was to come. Swept along with the rise of capitalism in this country Henry Ford got into the main swim of large scale production and built ar® industrial machine upon which-millions of people are in one way or another dependent. This is not merely to be attributed to Ford. The Ford machine, like all big industrial machines, is a social instrument. But because Henry and his family are the OWNERS, these millions must allow themselves to be exploited by one little family which gets richer every year by millions of doliars. It is this social aspect of capital- ism that Ford so conveniently overlooks and that Marx explains so well, the working day, the bosses make the® worker produce more fn the same or less amount of time than he did before. They intensify the amount of labor power that he expends in, say, eight hours, One way of doing this is to speed up the work- ers. Another way of doing it is, to introduce better and more efficient machinery and by sys- tematizing and dividing the work, to create an ‘ordism ever greater amount of saleable material in the same period of time. This type of surplus value Marx designates as RELATIVE surplus value. This is the kind of surplus value that has become endeared to the hearts of Henry and some other capitalists that use his methods, and that has made them rich, J In the Ford auto plants, the extraction of rela- tive surplus value has become a science, As we saw, the Ford economists explain their profits on an.altogether different ground. They speak in a superficial way of Henry getting rich because he had the foresight and the industrial science tg “save on labor” and to introduce methods” and install “time saving machinery.” But boiled down, all these things mean that Ford is getting exorbitantly rich by extracting the maximum amow&t of RELATIVE SURPLUS VALUE from his workers, So how do you account for the much vaunted eight-hour day and six dollar minimum and.five- day week? Upon this very fact of Ford’s ability to arrange his.production jn such a way as to intensify and increase the expenditure of labor power -to a point where the very extraction of relative surplus value in a large Measure depends upon his shortening the work day and paying his men more wages. Limit to Endurance. HE point is that there is a limit to human endurance. An employer can make a big profit when his workers are able to give their utmost to production. The well-known intensification and systematization of production in the Ford plants have been carried to the point where, taking all his workerg together, it would be physically im- possible for them to work more than eight hours. He pays them six dollars a day because, by his getting such a large amount of relative surplus value out of his workers, he can afford to pay them a little above the value of their labor power so they will have more comforts, be stronger physically and be able to work with greater in- tensity as a consequence. Ford Benefits by 5-Day Week. HE same. thing applies to the five-day week. With two days a week rest, Ford’s workers come to the shops on Monday morning fresh and able. The forty hours of intensive and monoton- ous labor that his plants require to keep them go- ing under his system make an eight-hour day and a two-day rest an ADVANTAGE for Ford by enab- ling his workers to keep up the pace and Ford to extract the maximum of surplus value. (Continued toworrow) “efficiency » | Orient, but of the Pacific nations and of the world. Union Conference to be held at Canton, China, starting May Investigate the War on Nicaragua Dis} auzinst Nicaragua by the United States government. This is an opportunity for Senator William E. Borah, peoples. Congress has not formally declared war on Nicaragua, as i js xpposed to do, according to the constitution, before actual hostili- But the constitution was adopted nearly a cen-| and a half ago, and is therefore considered an antique docu- Congress never declared war on the Union of Soviet Repub- thru Archangel and Murmansk, on the north, and thru Vladivostok, in the Far Bast, in The crushing defeat suf-; iered by American troops, in common with other imperialist Hes- sians, at the hands of the Soviet red army, will not be mentioned | vies ean be started. rity ment but armies were sent in, nevertheless, lies, an effort to destroy the workers’ republic. in histories for use in American schools. tches- from Washington indicate that sentiment is grow- ing in favor of a senate investigation of the war openly launched chairman of the senate foreign relations committee, to translate into action some of the many altruistic words he utters on behalf of oppressed American labor can help by sending delegates to the proposed Pan-Pacific Trade 1, 1927. ness activity is turning from vaunted American standard of produc- | tion, which was to safeguard the American workers from the economic ills of Europe—is beginning to feel the strain of the world economic crisis | and of Europe's adoption of American | methods, under the benevolent tutel- t |e of American capitalists, The , industrial worxers of New England, the cotton planters of the south .and the farmers of the West are already feeling the heavy weight of “Coolidge, prosperity.” Euro- pean industry is being reorganized in- to gigantic cartels, on the American plan, under the leadership of American finance, The stream of cheap foreign products has begun to flow to our {shores and it will soon turn to a | mighty flood under the magic touch | of the international bankers. The iso- | Similarly, American workers and farmers are asked to turn | lation and security of the American their faces while Wall Street’s chosen buchers, the marines, do their workers is being battered down, just | bloody work in Hayti, yesterday, in Nicaragua, today, and some- where else, tomorrow. In the words of the Chicago Tribune: “That famous emissary of peace and order, the American marine, tho he carries a rifie in place of an olive branch, continues to be the good angel of feverish and distraught little republics of the banana belt.” Let no one be deceived. A senate investigation will not stop im- perialist aggressions ih Central and South America. It will, how- as surely as the walls of the feudal lords were battered down by the can- nonsof a rising capitalist class, | Germany Adopts American Methods. In this connection it ig interesting | to note the comment of Dr. David Fri- day before the American Association jof Security Analysts in New York. |The New York Times makes the fol- ever, help throw the limelight of publicity on the cutthroat tule of | lowing report on the meeting: the financial bandits, haloed by the American flag, and partially thru his attack on Mexican The war on Nicaragua | blessed by the Roman pope, staunchest ally of the Nicaraguan people. “An industrial revolution, based up- on the widespread adoption of Amer- {ican industrial and technical methods, | largely financed by American capital, labor, gives Senator Borah an opportunity to apply himself to a concrete has taken place within Germany in the example of American bullying tactics of “dollar diplomacy” near | last eighteen months, This move has home. Let him go to it. STRIKE STRATEGY| By WILLIAM Z. FOSTER ARTICLE XXI ARBITRATION Strike strategy must deal with the question of arbitra tion. Arbitration in strikes is almost always a weapon of the employers against the workéfs, Only in rare cases can the workers make effective use of it. Arbitration is a cor- nerstone in the’ general structure of class collaboration. It is based upon the anti-working class principles of class peace and a harmony of interest between exploited and exploiters. It kills the spirit of struggle among the workers. This is to the employers’ advantage. It also saves ihe employers from making concessions which they would otherwise have to give up in open strike struggle. . Enployers capture the “odd” or decisive men on arbitration bourds with almost uncaniiy regularity. Con- servative labor leaders are nonplussed by this, to them an inexplicable phenomenon. Time after time they place “friends” of labor on arbitration boards, only to have them turn tail and support the employers. The reason for this is simple. These “friends” are always members of ¢ither the middle or capitalist classes (for the employers will not aevept workers) and they have elass und, personal wiore Clowely allied to those of the capitalists’ than proved so effective and profitable that {Germany is now paying reparations with ease, ig rapidly accumulating cap- ital and in recent, months has’ begun jto report an excéss of exports over imports.” Even the American monopoly of America toward Europe. The much | ist International gives. an instance of | this from England: | “A certain John Dickinson, owner of a large paper firm, declared after the strike that in view of the ‘disloyalty’ displayed by certain of the trade un- jions of which ‘his’ workers were mem- bers, he, Dickinson, had decided not to recognize thé trade imions in the | future, but to ‘form’a ‘Union of the | | House of Dickinson,’ ifi$tead. In the | ‘manitesto’ which the owner of the ‘Heuse of Dickinson’ presented to his ‘subjects’ for them to carry out and/be | guided by, he expounds’the principles | |and regulation on whicn the “company | anion’ is to be based. In accordance | with these statutes all the directors, | | employes and workers ate members of Americanizing Europe and Cooiieizing America - LOWLY but surely the tide of bust- ; the ‘union of the House of Dickinson.” Wages and working hours are guaran- teed to be no worse than those estab-, lished by the trade unions. paragraph declares: nor lockouts are permitted to the | members of the union of the House of | Dickinson.’” Soon America may be forced to adopt the more modern methods of English company union- ism and call them unions of the House of Gary, Ford, Rockefeller, et al. | From Germany comes a similar re- port in the same issue: “They (the capitalists) want to set up company junions and ‘Werks-und-Betriebsgem- einschaften,’ if not in the place of trade unions-——the time is not'yet ripe for that, and for the moment it is A special ‘Neither strikes | a not needed—side by side with the trade unions. . . . In order to main- tain competition with America on the world market, it is necessary to come upto the level of America in all re- spects. The German capitalists are levelling up!” The:American workers must awake to-the dangers in the situation and prepare themselves to meet them by an. ‘intensive campaign of organiza- tion into the trade unions as well ag a concerted move toward world trade union. unity, to establish a firm line of resistance on an international scale against the efforts of international United. States to the level of the coolie. Gov. Pinchot Defends Raids on Reds’ Homes (Special to The Daily Worker) WOODLAWN, Pa., ; Amos Pinchot is apparently disposed |to whitewash the police “of this’ city jin the matter of raiding three homes jon Nov. 11. The accused, according to the governor's report, have been ings and forming a society “avowedly for the overthrow of the government,” searched with proper warrants and that the state police, the cossacks, were called in to reduce the “chance | of bloodshed and disorder.” and one woman, seven of who were said to have been attending a birthday party at the time, " The American Civil Liberties Union protested in a telegram to the mayor of this city against the “unlawful ac- tivities of local police,"\and dispatched messages to the governor and to i company unionism is being destroyed. James Maurer, president of the State beth be The October 15 issue of the Commun- Federation of Labor, f the workers. ipport mployers. Tuar Impartian Tarep Parry pI This process goes on continuously, with the reactionary t rade union leaders being constantly disillusioned by their 1 situations that the “odd” men on the arbitration friends” on arbitration boards. Yet their hope springs | ! is are most reliably active in protecting the interests eternal. A typical situation exists on the railroads, where of-society as a whole. le workers’ leaders have accepted Edgar C. of the two “odd” men (the other “odd” man is a capitalist) on the board to arbitrate™the demands of the conductors Hence, whep the test comes they simply ( the interests of their closest class affiliates, the Nov. 21.—Gov. for six months holding seditious meet- | He maintains that the houses were | The raids | resulted in the arrest ‘of eight men! LONDON—AI] England is gaspinz, chuckling, or swearing—all because of i the appearance of one book. “The Whispering Ggllery,” mous “author, known in fact to only jone person connected with the pub- ‘lishing house which produced it, the John “Lane Co. While ex-premiers are busy branding the book as a rank fake and an while the John Lane Co. is asserting j that, after the most careful investiga- jtlon they believe the author to be a man well known in diplomatic circles, the book is having an enormous sale. | The author, if he is to be believed, | has talked with almost all the celebri- | ties of the last fw decades, and it is largely the words about things and about each other that he puts into the mouths of these celebrities that has set al] England agog. Of Woodrow Wilson, he says: “He mustn’t be judged too harshly for be- by {what he represents himself, an anony:! unmitigated slander, | |AMAZING BOOK MAKES ALL ENGLAND GASP, CHUCKLE, OR RUN TO SHELTER ing atberiy unfit to grapple with tho political “brigands on whose side, to his utter consternation, he found him- self.” The late King Edward is créffited | with very disrespectful comments on his mother, Queen Victoria. He is made to say, in essence, that he was always glad to leave the old lady's company. Czar Nicholas, The Damned, is Te- puted to have been “a cad, a coward, a butcher, and a blackguard.” H. G. Wells is “the victim of an inferiority complex.” King Edward VII was “the greatest monarch we ever had—on a race course.” Coming as this book does hard on the heels of Queen Marie’s panhand- ling trip in America royalty is a much damaged commodity, while statesmen are shown up largely as bad cheating at a game of marbles, The book is a sign that the twilight of the gods is here. ' By Bert Miller | jminers has been indignantly repa- boys | jpart of the bargain. ‘CURRENT EVENTS By T. J. O'Flaherty. eas SS (Continued from page 1) So he is going to build a palatial building to house his grand opera {which he expects to be the best in |the world. And no doubt it will, since {divas. will dive for money with as {much enthusiasm as a cormorant will |dive for a fish. This investment mas jalso be worth a little to Sam in the {way of winning back that “public” favor which was considerably out- {raged by his expenditure of funds to |debauch, the electorate in the recent {elections, eee HE Chicago Tribune is angry “be cause several members of a labor junion were acquitted of* bombing |charges by a jury after a few. mo ‘ment’s reflection, Our esteemed anti- labor contemporary is always het up | when such an accident happens. We | admit that had the defendants been {radicals instead of followers of old |party politicians things might not jhave gone so well with them, bui }whether or not the capitalist press never likes to see ‘a trade unionist escape the pen, unless the frame-up |is so obvious that the masses might |begin to doubt capitalist “justice.” | ~* * ; | QUT frame-ups are in the habit of | escaping the attention of the cap- jitalist press until the masses’ get | dangerously aroused—dangerously for \the capitalists. An example of thir |kind 1s the Sacco-Vanzetti case, Here {are two Italian labor leaders who |were booked for the electric chair. | But for the intervention of the work- jing class the worms that figured on living On’ Sacco and Vanzetti for a few years, would now be begging for their fodder. And not until repeated attempts on the part of the. ruling classes of Massachusetts to hang those workers were thwarted by labor did a few of* the capitalist papers decide that the exigencies of their jciréulation departments called for a | change of heart. Pe Pe et HE charge made by Joseph Jones, an official of the Yorkshire Min- ers’ Federation, that American Com- munism held back money they had collected for the relief of the British diated by the Workers (Communist) Party and Jones has been taken sev- erely to task by A. J. Cook, secretary of the British Miners’ Federation, who pointed out to Jones that, while the reactionary unions affillated with the Amsterdam loaned money like usurers to the starving miners, the wnions of the Soviet Russia, under Communist leadership contributed over $5,000,000 in a true spirit of class solidarity. ee * ONE'S bitterness against the Oom- munists can be attributed to his lefeat at the hands of A. J. Cook, for the secretaryship of the federa- tion. Cook was supported by the |Communists and won because of that finance to reduce the workers of the , support. Now, Jones declares that he will devote all his time to clearing the Communists out of the coal flelde and ignore the fight against the operators. Cook advices him that dis- cretion is the better part of valor. The British miners call Jone’s atten- tion to the fact that only the miser- able sum of $50,000 came from the American Federation of Labor, while the Russian trade unions that are alleged to be “under the iron rule of the Communist Party sent over $5,000,000. Needless to say the rant- ing of traitors like Jones has Httle effect on the miners. ** 6 ARRYING American heitesses has developed into a heavy in- dustry among the aristocracy of Burope, nevertheless it was somewhat of a shock’ to us to learn that the illustrious Dike of Marlborough hak already collected $3,100,000 in return for marrying Consuelo Vanderbilt, daughter of Mrs. 0. H. P. Belmont, formerly Mrs. Mrs. Belmont admits that she coerced her daughter into marrying the duke who is drawing @ $100,000 a year as Who talked about the nationalization of women? The size of The DAILY WORK- ER depends on you. Send a subd. Clark as one “* Employers are anxious to establish arbitration in such ‘industries as coal mining, railroads, ete, especially when ‘the: workers have secured good unions. ed unions are capable of delivering heavy blows. Ne employers. are keen to ward olf. Besides, it is exactly in Tue Rigay WING anp Ansirravion The right wing trade union leaders commonly support Such strategically railroad magnates, These as in practice. with the employers. law, brought about by them in open alliance with the great This law, which practically saddles compulsory arbitration upon the railroad. workers, is a men- ace to the progress of the entire American labor movement. Lerr Wine Pouicy The left wing opposes arbitration in principle as well Tt stands for a policy of open negotiations This makes for the best clarification of the issues involved, for securing the most material conces- sions from the employers, for the greatest stimulation of the workers to struggle, and generally for the best develop- William Vanderbilt. ° and trainmen on the eastern railroads. Clark was formerly Grand Senior Conductor 6f the Order of Railroad Conduet- but now he is a railroad corporation lawyer, The railroad union leaders believe Clark is their “friend,” but ors, the railroad company officials know he is in their service. A favorable outeome of this arbitration is already assured for the companies, And so it is always. This certainty of controlling the “odd” men, whether selected by agreement with conservative union leaders or appointed by the government,*makes the employers ardent advocates of arbitration, voluntary and compulsory, Employers usnally offe? arbitration to strong unions in key and basie industries, and refuse it to unions that they believe they can def®a strikes. An offer of arbitra- tion from the employe is always a compliment to the power of the union inva rey Pd mployers? policy of foisting arbitration upon the work- ~ They accept it as a vital part of their general class collaboration program. But the experience of the American labor movement with arbitration has been so bad and there is such a widespread opposition to it among the workers that these leaders are careful about too openly endorsing it, In industries such as printing, building trades, ete., where the unions are strong and where their strikes usually have no sharp political character, the reactionaries often make a show of opposing arbitration, but wind up by accept: ing it. But in key industries they actively advoeate arbitfation, and for pretty much the same reasons as the employers. Typically, Lewis co-operated with the coal operators in forcing the anthracite miners to accept arbi- ir@fion in their present agreement. a" QaRacrsia in this The latest act of, treason of “it respect was the passage of the Ngtson; Parker railroad | oe bk ment of the trade union movement. In some cases, however, even the left wing will find it expedient to arbitrate. This is when: the workers are especially poverty-stricken (which sometimes favorably af- fects “odd” men) or when their weak unions, hopelessly outmatched by the employers’ organizations, must grasp at any straw, Thus it is conceivable that the left wing might refuse arbitration offers from the employers at the begin- ning of a strike when the union is strong and yet accept arbitration at the end of the same strike when the union is practically defeated. In such desperate circumstances something may sometimes be saved by arbitration, When going into arbitration, it is of great importapee to try to have basic points in controversy, such as recogni. tion of the union, ete. agreed to beforehand, and only pointe of lesser importance referred to arbitration, (To be continued) a } J