The Daily Worker Newspaper, September 28, 1926, Page 6

ae Page Six 408 THE OAILY WOR KER . e HE DAILY WORKER Published by the DAILY WCRKER PUBLISHING CO. 1113 W. Washington Blvd., Chicago, Il, Phone Monroe 4713 ec SUBSCRIPTION RATES By maii (in Chicago only): By mall (outelds of Chicago): $8.00 per year $4.50 six months | $6.00 per vear $3.50 six months $2.50 three months H $2.00 three months | Address all matl and make out checks to THE DAILY WORKER, 1113 W. Washington Bivd., Chicago, Iinols nN nNnRERERenntapseanas easansienesa J. LOUIS ENGDAHL WILLIAM F. DUNNE MORITZ J, LOEB... commereneee CItOPS ..Business Manager es | Entered as second-class mail September 21, 1923, at the post-office at Ché | cago, Ill, under the act of March 8, 1879. Advertising rates on application. | = | | Schwab’s Speech Is Danger Signal for | American Workingclass | | com- Charles M. Schwab, chairman of the Bethlehem’ Steel pany, has been on a tour speaking to chambers of commerce and | manufacturers’ associations. His speeches have been pitched on a high note of optimism— for the capitalists—but they carry a threat to the workers ‘ « America. After praising the prosperity and “the unbounded opportunities which lie at the feet of the youth of our land,” Schwab sounds a note of warnin; He says: I can foresee the time when the factories of Europe will be turning out vast quantities of goods which will be sold in our market and the markets of the world in competition with Amer- The C. P. S. Opposition Block THE present controversy within the Communist Party of By N. BUCHARIN, (Continued from previous issue) HIS, translated into ordinary lan- guage, means: We have no prole- tarian dictatorship, our state is not a workers’ state, but a workers’ and peasants’ state; the proletariat must however defend its interests, and must thus oppose to a certain extent this workers’ and peasants’ state. Thus, if, the proletarian party wants to re- main a proletarian party, it must con- tend to some degree against the so- viet power. One thing must be said first of all, that it is becoming the fashion to try and find support in Len- in'’s authority for all kinds of non- sense, and those who do this, think it is going to cost them nothing, and that they may practice this art as long as they choose. ERE Comrade Ossovsky directs his fire upon me. Lenin grasped the fact that our state is a workers’ and peasants’ state. Bukharin fails to grasp it. And since Bukharin is well known to be an adherent of the | majority of the C. C. it is only nat- ural that the C, C. comprehends noth- ing of this question, and is thus pur- suing a policy which, as Comrade Os- sovsky points out, can become ex- ican goods. Huropean goods are produced at costs far below tremely disastrous from the stand- present costs in this country ..,... People there have lost | point of proletarian revolution. First an enormous part of their wealth; standards of living have been jana iss Goiesaeaenicien ae reduced, and savings have been lost... .. IN ORDER TO | ee EXIST THEY MUST WORK HARD, WITH LONG HOURS | i1ND AT REDUCED WAGES .. THE ONLY BASIS | WHICH WILL SAVE OUR OWN MARKETS AND.OUR FOR. | RIGN MARKETS WILL BE THE BASIS OF EFFICIENT 4ND ECONOMICAL PRODUCTION. | Here is food for thought for the American working class. | The tour of this spokesman of the most powerful industrial | capitalists is probably a preliminary to a new drive on wages and | working conditions for which the labor movement must prepare. | It is true that Schwab does not urge a wage cut in so many} words. But he makes it quite plain that he is not satisfied with | present labor costs: To maintain our present high wages with reasonable profits for manufacturers, WE MUST REALIZE ECONOMIES UPON 4 PROGRESSIVE SCALE, NOT MERELY IN PRODUC- TION BUT IN MARKETING METHODS. This is nothing more or less than an ultimatum to the work- | ing class. What Schwab says is this: More work, much more work for the same money, more work, much more work with less workers, or wages must come down. This challenge cannot be answered by the labor movement by reiterated statements of its desire for “worker-employer co-opera- tion” and by the launching of various capitalist enterprises such as labor banks and insurance companies. This is exactly what Schwab and his class want—a capitalist-minded labor movement that will encourage its members to give unsparing aid to the speed up systems designed to get more production with less workers and ereate a reserve labor supply in the shape of a jobless army of millions whose clamor at the factory gates will spur the more fortunate jobholders to renewed efforts. The challenge of Schwab can be answered only by organization of the unorganized millions in basic industry and militant struggle against the speed-up and pauperization schemes of the American ruling class. A Fraudulent System The inside gamblers won the Dempsey-Tunney fight and no- body else. This is the opinion of reporters who have followed the pugilistic game since the days of John L. Sullivan, reporters who told the truth whether they could afford it or not. Whatever may be said for professional boxing as a sport, un- der capitalist commercialism it is nothing but ‘a brutalized con- fidence game. Jack Dempsey held the world championship title for seven years and amassed considerable money, which was separated from | him by hawk-beaked parasites from lawyers to managers. Jack was getting fat and lazy and did not want to risk his manly counten- ance in another scrap. But he had to fight or transfer the title to | somebody else. A $450,000 consideration made a decision easy. So he decided to re-enter the ring. Gene Tunney, who reads books and fought in the world war | was picked to meet Dempsey. Whether he carved any Germans or not is a question. The latter slammed rivets in Seattle ‘while the former joined the marines. Anyhow, the fact that he could be considered a patriot was good publicity. A number of morons could he whipped into frenzy against Pempsey and this sentiment would register at the box office. It did. Dempsey walked into the ring like a grandmother. into her funeral shroud. A whiff of garlic would have knocked ‘him out. Tunney only injured one of his opties. He could not have knocked ; him down with a sledge. Not because Jack was strong, but because | Tunney was only a inarine. The thing was so raw that even the capitalist editors could not get excited over it, the exception being the Methodist Chicago Daily News. Boxing, baseball, football, . tennis, swimming—every sport, brutal or refined is tarred withthe commercialized brush of capital- ism. Get the money and let the other fellow do the raving! That is the morality of the present system. rade Lenin as witness, or rather, I myself call upon him as witness, in order to prove that Comrade Ossov- sky is entirely in the wrong, and that his standpoing leads in reality to con- clusions disastrous to proletarian rev- olution, The following was written by Com- rade Lenin (Complete works. Vol, 18-1,.in the article: “The crisis in the party,” page 33, Russian) with reference to the trade union discus- sion: “When dealing with the discus- sion of December 30, | must cor- rect an error of mine. | said: ‘Our state is in reality not a workers’ state, but a workers’ and peasants’ state.’ Comrade Bukharin at once interpolated: ‘What kind of a state?’ In reply | referred to the VIII: Con- gress then just concluded. Now, when reading the report on the dis- cussion, | see that | was wrong, and Comrade Bukharin right. 1 should have said that: ‘The work- | ers’ state is an abstraction, and yet we have in reality a workers’ state, but firstly with the peculiarity that it is not the proletarian but the Peasant population which prepond- crates in the country; and secondly it is a worker's state accompanied by bureaucratic distortion.’ ” Ban is surely perfectly clear, and Comrade Ossovsky ought to have ‘xnown that Lenin wrote this. Lenin lere states directly, when speaking of he character of the state power: “We have a workers’ government, but the peasantry is in the majority in the country.” Right! “We have a work- ers’ state, but accompanied by bureau- eratic distortion.” Right! Thus our proletarian dictatorship, our workers’ state, has the peculiarities of working in an agricultural country and of hav- ing its state apparatus burdened with ae poe the Soviet Union is neither various bureaucratic aberrations. HIS is perfectly true, But what is the class character of the state? it is a workers’ state.. To state that our state is not a workers’ state, that it is already semi-hourgeais, is to as- sert that our state ig already in a con- dition of degeneration, and to throw doubts upon the existence of the pro- letarian dictatorship, in our country. And where Comrade Ossovsky says this in so many words in a printed essay, Comrade Trotsky expresses the same in his sentence on the “¢x- tremely non-proletarian character/ of our state.” If this»really were the case, it would be a very serious mat- ter indeed. If we really had no prole- tarian. party, would=obviously place have to pursue a very different line, and our party, in so far.as it is a prole- tarian party,would .obviously place questions on the agenda aiming at a radical purging of the present Soviet power. Could it be otherwise? This is the first thesis. The Rumor of the Bureaucratic Degen- eration of the Soviets. HIS brings us to the thesis of the degeneration of our whole state apparatus, and of the deviation of our policy, and of the policy of the present Soviet state, from the interests of the broad proletarian masses. Comrade Kamenev has declared in so many words: “The line you take is departing from the line of proletarian revolu- tion, and is deserting more and more | the interests of the broad proleta- rian masses.” bd HIS is entirely in harmony with the | + idea that “our state has an ex- |tremely non-proletarian character,” |and with Ossovsky’s assertion that we have no workers’ state. It harmonizes j entirely with the whispers and rumors on the degeneration of the Soviet } Dower at present occupying so much of the time of “pro-new-Soviet” (“Smyenovyekhovzy”) elements and various other liberal jonents of our policy. The opposiii has pointed out that the numerous bureaucratic groups in our state apparatus are complemented by the equally numer- ous bureaucratic groups in the ecc- nomic organs, the co-operatives, the trade unions, etc. It would thus seem that the whole of the groups compos- ing our apparatus have practically nothing in common with the iuterests of the broad masses, ‘E have been believing in our sim- Plicity that our party is the van- guard of the proletariat; but‘ now it arns out that it is ‘a bureaucratic slique entirely detached from the masses. We believe the Soviet power © represent a form of the dictator- Resolutions Adopted by 1. L. D, Conference Resolution for General Amnesty in Poland. Poet is today a land of terror against the workers and peasants, and their organizations and press. The movement of the national minori- ties, the Ukrainians, White Russians, and others, is suppressed. Six thou- sands of workers and peasants are in prison, sentenced or held for trial un- der the laws of former czars and kal- sers, which are still applied today, Among them is Stanislaw Lanezucki, a member of the Polish parliament, an active figure in the labor movement, sentenced to six years at hard labor. The news that has just arrived of the arrest of three peasant party depu- ties, whose parliamentary immunity Pilsudski is attempting to lift for the purpose of prosecuting them, is the lagest instance of suppression. The workef$’ press is suppressed and all publications are prevented or confiscated. The militant workers’ and peasants’ economic, political and educational organizations are sup- pressed and their headquarters are closed by the government. Even our sistor organization, the Labor Defense of Poland, is suppressed and is obliged to function illegally. The government utilizes a system of provocations, em- ploying hundreds of provocateurs, who are well paid to use their imaginations Wu Pei-fu Ranking Amack The gods are getting ready to get rid of Wu Pei-fu, andthe first thing they do is to drive him crazy. His tuchuns are shooting in all directions and firing on their best friend Only a few weeks ago they shot seven British naval ratings and the result wag that British pride yot wounded and burned down a Chinese town, killing 5.00 innoeent people. This may seem tough, but the dignity of a christian empire cannot be tampered with, Now, another of Wu's generals took some shots at a standard oi] steamer. King Rockefeller is just as touchy as King George and at least as powerful, Tn the meantime the Cantonese are going north and the armies of General Feny are coming south to join them. Tnlesw all signs fail Ohina should be in a position to talk.cold turkey to.them all before Jong ‘ ; fe permission to ra in discovering “secret organizations” so that hundreds of workers and peas: ants are arrested and thrown into jal. | bopper. ic! courts are constantly at work and death sentences met- |for Uniled States senator and for the ed out to workers and peusants, These tollers, and the national minorities fighting for thelr independence, are submitted to most inhuman tortures at the time of investigations and hear- ings. Many of them are maimed for the rest of their lives and a nimber of them are kiiled or, a fow days after these “hearings.” one in prison, in many cases, must conduct hunger strikes for such elementary rights as visits from relati¥en and friends, for ve letters, newspa- ¥ {pers, periodicals, food, clothing and other necessities. These prisons are unsanitary and unheated. The pris- oners must sleep on-roiten straw cells, Hundreds and thousands of wives, mothers and children’ are starv- ing while their supporters are kept imprisoned by the government. i Sages present Bartel-Pilsudski gov- ernment which came to power thru a coup d’etate against the former Witos government, not. only did not halt these persecutions-but threw into jail new hundreds of workers and peasants. Altho it released the gen- erals and other reactionary prisoners who had been arrested by Pilsudski during the coup d'etat in May, it did not liberate the workers and peas- ants. In has, on the contrary, pro- longed martial law, emergency counts, and death sentences, »» The masses of Poland, workers and intellectuals, are aroused and are pro- U. and the —of a retreat of the revolution, clear indication of its victorious onward march. To give a clear wnderstandi lems of the Russian Revolution as also of the controversy over the solution of these problems, we are publishing here- with a report made by Comrade Bucharin at the funetion- aries’ meeting of the Leningrad organization of the Commu- nist Party. The report speaks for itself and needs no further elucidation. It is clear and convincing and answers the lies about the retreat of the Russian Revolution. sacks and are denied light in their | « sigqn—nor will it be the cause Quite the contrary. It is ng as well of the present prob- ship of the proletariat, but it appears that all we have is an extremely non- proletarian state, headed by a com- pletely declassed caste. The logical continuance of this train of thought is bound to lead sooner or later to the | idea of the overthrow of the Soviet power—it can lead nowhere else. | AND I repeat: Were I personally |44 convinced that the situation among {us has reached a point at which we jhave no longer a dictatorship of the | working class, and we are being ruled | by an oligarchy detaching itself trom |the interests of the broad masses, then my only conclusion would be that of Kautsky: Overthrow of the~ ruling power. Our comrades of the opposi- tion have not yet reached thig logical conclusion, and are not likely to. I, |for my part, believe that the “god” |of the Bolsheviki will yet stay their |steps in time, and this will be an ex- cellent thing from the standpoint of |the interests of the party. But we jshould be very dense indeed if we did not comprehend that this remarkable ideological development takes a | Straight line in this direction, |The Rumor of Submerging of Soviets | in the Peasant Petty Bourgeoisie. HERE is another assertion of the opposition which tends in the same direction, the thesis that whilst our upper stratum, the party, the Soviet power, the state and economic organs, | are all’ submerged in a bureaucracy opposed to the interests of the work- ing class, at the same time our sybor- | dinate Soviet organs are being sub- | merged in the peasant petty bour- seoisie. The comrades take the elec- tion results and say: “Look, there are peasants in the village Soviets, and | there gill be more and more of ther here—this is the way in which the | Soviets are being vitalized.” The up- |per stories of our building are being flooded by a bureaucratic clique, the lower stories by the petty bourgeoisie, and nothing but complete catastrophe is to be seen on both sides. ‘Thé two waves will close over our hands and we shall suffocate. 3 ee thesis of the submerging of our village Soviets under a flood of | peasants is truly a pearl creative |thought on the part of the new oppo- sition. The opposition appears to | imagine it possible to govern an agri- cultural country in such manner, that the working class non-existent in the village is still to maintain a numerical ascendency. How can anyone imagine that the industrial proletariat is to have the majority in the village of Soviets? Anyone who can arrive at such an idea must truly have a cab- bage in place of a head. (Applause.) (Continued Tomorrow.) {nesty. Workers in other lands are | sending their protests to Poland and {reiterating the demand for amnesty. | But the government is deaf. The delegates to the second annual | conference of International Labor De- |fense, representing tens of thousands | |of American workers, join with the demand for the cessation of persecu- tions in Poland against workers and peasants and national minorities, | We demand the immediate granting | of a general amnesty to permit the j imprisoned fighters to return to free- |dom and to their families. | VE declare that unless the Polish j | government yields to the firm de- |mands of the workers all over the | | world, we will use every means at our disposal to arouse the protest of American workers against the situa- tion that exists today In Poland. We resolve that this resolution be sent to the Polish premier, Bartel, and copies to the Polish ambassador in Washington, and to the press. will be very light and they do not ex- pect it to go much higher, The last registration day will be Oct. 2. It seems startling to the lib- eral section of the capitalist parties -hat is trying to capitalize the slush in the republican primary to try to get into power. Newspapers are writ- ing editorials, petty bourgeois organi- zations are starting campaigns of all kinds to try to ket the workers to reg- ister so they will be ready to vote on election day and again be fooled, | testing byt demanding general am- Registration Stews Big Drop in. Capital City of Steel and Coal By GEORGE PAPCUN, (Special to The Dally Worker) PITTSBURGH, Pa, Sept. 26.—It is estimated that there are 330,000 per- ons of voting age in Pittsburgh, Out of these 430,000 voters only 44,000 reg. istered to vote in the coming election state legisiature, The politicians are making a holler around Pittsburgh that the people are dropping off in vo.log, In fact, what ‘t means is that they (Who are the workers and in the majority) are lo Florida Disease Menace Lessened. WEST PALM BEACH, Fio., Sept. 26 ~-Prompt receipt of typhoid vaccine and disinfectants bas practically ecked spread of epidemics, but strict proventalive measures are still ing faith in the present electoral sys- necessary, red cro author{fties in tom, In 1921 there were 148,934 reg: | charge of the storm @rea said istered, Then there was a drop in | today, ¥ 1926 to 117,087, now the drop comes down to 44,000, Ag there fe an- other registration uit capitaliet | politicians predict thatitlie registration U ee Why not a omall bur DAILY WORKER sont to ly to take to your trade un et The uu reguiar meeting? LAST WORDS ON EVOLUTION By ERNEST HAECKEL (Continued from previous issue) It is particularly interesting to glance at the central neryous system of the vertebrates, the great stem of which we regard ourselves as the crowning point, Here again the anato- mical and embryological facts speak a clear and unambiguous language. In all vertebrates, from the lowest fishes up to man, the psychic organ makes its appearance in the embryo in the same form—a simple cylindrical tube on the dorsal side of the embryonic body, in the middle line. The anterior section of this “medullary tube” ex- pands into a clubshaped vesicle, which is the beginning of the brain; the posterior and thin} section be- comes the spinal cord. The cerebral vesicle divides, by transverse constric- tions, into three, then four, and event- ually five vesicles. The most impor- tant of these is the first, the cere- brum, the organ ofthe highest psychic functions. The more the intelligence develops in the higher vertebrates, the larger, More voluminous, and more specialized does the cerebrum become. In particular, the grey mantle or cor- tex of the cerebrum, its most impor- tant part, only gttains in the higher mammals the degree of quantitative and qualitative development that qual- ifies it to be the “organ of mind” in the narrower sense, Thru the famous discoveries of Paul Flechsig eleven years ago we were enabled to distin- guish eight fields in the cortex, four of which serve as the internal centres of sense-perception, and the four that lie between these are the thought centers (or association centers) of the higher psychic faculties—the association of impressions, the formation of ideas and concepts, induction and deduction. The real organ of mind, the phronema, is not yet developed in the lower mam- mals. It is only gradually built up in the more advanced, exactly in propor- tion as their intelligence increases. It is only in the most intelligent forms of the placentais, the higher ungulates (horse, elephant), the carnivores (fox, dog), and especially the primates, that the phronema attains the high grade of development that leads us from the anthropoid apes direct to the savage, and from him to civilized man. We have learned a good deal about the special significance of the various }parts of the brain, as organs of spe- cific functions, by the progress of the modern science of experimental phys- jlology. Careful experiments by Goltz, Munk, Bernard, and many other phys- iologists, have shown that the normal consciousness, speech, and the inter- nal sense-perceptions, are connected with definite areas of the cortex, and that these various parts of the soul are destroyed when the organic areas connected with them are injured. But in this respect Nature has uncon- sciously given us the most instructive experiments. Diseases in these va- rious areas show how their functions are partially or totally extinguished when the cerebral cells that compose them (the neurona or ganglionic cells) are partially or entirely destroyed. Here again Virchow, who was the first to make a careful microscopic study of the finest changes in the diseased cells, and so explain the nature of the disease, did pioneer work, I still re- member very well a spectacle of this kind (in the summer of 1855, at. Wurz- burg), which made a deep impression on me. Virchow’s sharp eye had de- tected a small suspicious spot in the cerebrum of a lunatic, tho there seemed to be nothing remarkable about it on superficial examination He handed it to me for microscopic examination, and I found that a large number of the ganglionic cells were affected, partly by fatty degeneration and partly by calcification. The lumi- nous remarks that my great teacher made on these and similar finds in other cases of mental disorder, con- firmed my conviction of the unity of the human organism and the insepa- rable connection of mind and body, which he himself at that time ex- Pressly shared. When he abandoned this Monistic conception of the psychic life for Dualism and Mysticism twenty years afterwards (especially after his Munich speech in 1877), we must at- tribute this partly to his psychologi- cal metamorphosis, and partly to the political motives of which I spoke in the last chapter. (Continued Tomorrew) SEND FOR THIS! A Few Thoughts on Evolution A Plain Written Pamphlet Postpaid 15c. Agents Wanted MARSHALL WALKER Gap, Pennsylvania MAKE IT One Day's Pay Today! Clip the blank and attach remittance, ‘THE DAILY WORKER, Here's $........ TRIG: esccseesscccseresscsbad Chey sc _ Keep the Daily Worker 1118 W. Washington Bivd., Chicago, I. +» to keep The DAILY WORKER. dedoeqonresoee sonsssasssssocsedys