The Daily Worker Newspaper, September 21, 1926, Page 6

= ere Page Six THE DAILY WORKER| Published by the DAILY WCRKER PUBLISHING CO. 1118 W. Washington Blvd., Chicago, Il. Phone Monroe 4712 aarp eesnerrnene SUBSCRIPTION RATES By mail (in Chicago only): By mail (outsids of Chicago): $8.00 per year $4.50 six months $6.00 per vear $3.50 six months $2.50 three months $2.00 three months Address ali mail and make out checks to THE DAILY WORKER, 1113 W. Washington Bivd., Chicago, Iinols (en S sechdeee deat aeabaenacs a \. J. LOUIS ENGDAHL WILLIAM F, DUNNE MORITZ J. LOEB... es Entered as second-class mail September 21, 1923, at the post-office at Chi cago, Ill, under the act of March 3, 1879. sooonsseesees Editors Ei 290 Advertising rates on application. ee) The Daily Worker Must Be Saved There is only one working class daily paper published in the English language in the United States and that is Tue Datty Worker. Thi tement may be contested by those who are aware of the existence of the Milwaukee Leader and the Seattle Union Record, but even a cursory persual of those sheets will convince the reader that they are no more proletarian in character than the Hearst press. The Milwaukee Leader depends on advertising revenue for its existence, therefore it caters to the interests that provide the revenue, and its pages are doctored to appeal to the type of mind that de- mands sensationalism. Intimate stories of human frailties, rather than constructive news of working class efforts is the menu that the Milwaukee Leader lays before its clients. It is socialist in name, but in name only. The Seattle Union Record has the Hearst press looking sick as a competitor in the business of serving up salacity to the public. It has lost every vestigae of its original labor character and con- tains no more labor news that the average capitalist newspaper. Tue Dairy Worker, it must be admitted by friend and foe, has no other concern except to serve the working-class movement. While it aims to interest the mass of workers it does not cater to the low levels of taste developed by the sensation mongering capitalist press. Neither does Tue,Darty Worker depend on advertising for revenue. The business elements know that our paper is the enemy of everything they stand for. Even had our circulation reached the point where considerations of profits might outweigh anti-revolutionary prejudices it is doubtful if the merchants and manufacturers would subsidize THz Darty Worker by advertising. Even such a con- servative labor paper as the London Daily Herald is practically boy- “cotted by the big advertisers, outside of a nationally known firm that specializes in purging the population. The circulation of the Daily Herald is near half a million, which means that it is read by approximately 2,500,000. Yet, because it is a labor paper the + business men are class conscious enough to give their advertising to papers that stand for the capitalist system. Tue Darty Worker depends for its support ENTIRELY on ; the working class. Subscriptions and donations are its visible means of support. The present campaign to raise $50,000 must go over the top if the American workers are to have a daily that will fight for ‘them and give them a lead. Rivera Is Sitting on a Tack i There is an old saying that liars can figure but that figures can- not lie. This is only a half truth. Figures in the hands of a capable -liar can work wonders with the facts. Ask Primo de Rivera. After a couple of revolts came near dynamiting Primo out of this dictatorial chair, the gentleman devised a way of giving his anto- ‘eratic regime the color of legality. So he took a leaf out of the {political text book of the United States and started a referendum, a novel one to be sure but a referendum, nevertheless. Only those who favored Rivera’s rule could vote. The opposi- ‘tion could attend the bull fight for all Rivera cared. Almost seven million votes out of a possible total of thirteen | millions cast their votes for the dictatorship. This looked pretty ‘good to de Rivera. But no sooner were the votes counted than half a dozen healthy looking rebellions were reported and now King “Alfonso is considering throwing up his job and taking a position ‘with a salary attached as an attraction in one of the Greenwich Village freak restaurants. To parody a once popular ditty, we ask de Rivera: “Why do you hurl those figures at us when they don’t mean what they say?” The Double Standard Rumors are floating around Washington that the state depart- By N. BUCHARIN. (Continued from previous issue.) N the present case: What is the number of undertakings yielding this profit of 319 to 585 million rou- bles? There are 323,855 such under- takings. If we assume that it costs about ‘80 roubles monthly to maintain a family (here of course I may be greatly in error, but it is an error which can be easily corrected on one side or the other), this means a sum of about 1,000 roubles yearly, Thus 323 million roubles are consumed, and these 323 millions of “consumed” roubles must be deducted from’ ‘the 400 millions of the gross profits; if we are to reach the actual accumu- lation fund of the private capitalists, This sum cannot therefore be com- pared for a moment with those figures expressing the net profits of our in- dustry. When we calculate the net profits of our industry, we reckon our accumulation fund only, that is, the sums which-can be employed for :fur- ther expanding industry; we do: not calculate the costs of maintenance of he technical staff, of the requisite ap- yaratus, ete, But as soon as private pital is concerned, then the accumu- lation fund, that is the net. profit which can be employed for enlarging the undertaking, is merged in the gross profits. This one correction alone suffices to throw quite another light on the actual comparative forces. HAVE examined a large quantity of correspondence from the prov- inces on the growth of private capital in these different districts. In the Leningrad district (this is the one extreme) private capital has for in- ance been steadily retrogressing dur- ing the whole time, and its importance decreases from day to day. There are other parts of our union in which pri- vate capital has won further positions of late. The greatest strengthening of the position of private capital has taken place in Ukraine. But even here, where private capital has grown at the greatest speed, it has just reached the level of 1924, our severe pressure upon it in 1923 having forced it to retreat. We have now loosened the reins again a little, so that pri- ‘THE DA'LY WORKER THE present controversy within the Communist Party of the Soviet Union is neither a sign—nor will it be the cause —of a retreat of the revolution. Quite the contrary. It is clear indication of its victorious onward march. To give a clear understanding as well of the present prob- lems of the Russian Revolution as also of the controversy over the solution of these problems, we are publishing here- with @ report made by Comrade Bucharin at the function- arics’ meeting of the Leningrad organization of the Commu- nist Party. The report speaks for itself and needs no further elucidation. It is clear and convincing and answers the lies about the retreat of the Russian Revolution. vate capital is begifining to press for- ward, and at the most dangerous point of its attack it has regained the level of 1924. Thus matters stand at pres- ent. URNING to our state economics, communal undertakings, and co-op- eratives, we find the net proceeds of our socialized econdtiic enterprises to have been 1025 million roubles in the year 1924-25; in the“economic year 1925-26 the sum wilk probably be 1586 millions (the final sealculation is not yet finished, so I cam only take the probable figure.) This is clear profit. Thus if we accept the-most favorable estimate of the gains, of private capi- tal, as calculated by Kutler, first cor- recting the amouSt inthe manner de- scribed _ above, by,, deducting the amount of capital consumed by pri- vate capital from its met profits, then we shall see that our state economics | are established on a firm basis, and give no cause of anxiety as to the fu- ture of our development towards a so- cialist state of society. I believe that the further progress of our economics. is bound to strengthen our position. | E must not forget that we have already proved our maneuvering capacity in- this sphere, ago, quite a comparatively short time ago, we exercised pressure upon pri- vate capital, and began to supplant it with extraordinary rapidity; as soon as we saw that we had drawn the reins a little too tight, we loosened them again. It has een seen that we are able to do this. These repeated tactics for the control of private cap-| ital have shown clearly that our state power is fully able to regulate at will, and ‘that, should actual danger arise from private capital, we can ‘at once apply the-lever of our credit system— as.wa have already done before-—the lever of our railway transport, of our taxation apparatus, and of our whole economic apparatus, and thus rapidly push aside private capital if needs bei fh ¥ E existing relations of class forces show us where to apply the necessary levers at any given mo- ment,., We see for instance that pri- vate capital has now turned its atten- tion:to, the villages. This must.stimu- late ae to,strengthen our own, position there,.. We see that only recently pri- vate capital was using our state credit to too great an extent. Here, we had to apply .pressure. We see that. we can Jearn from private capital how to |inerease, the rapidity of circulation, for we observe that the means of. private capital circulate much more quickly |than our means in the more unwieldy jand bureaucratic state institutions, |Here pressure must be exercised to accelerate circulation. We see that private capital exploits the investor, especially the contractors with whom with the aid of a minimum of its own, We have not yet shown ourselves cap- lable of doing this. We have not yet |adequately exploited agricultural ac- |cumulation for the uplift of our indus- |try and our co-operatives. Here it is |again needful to draw the logical con- clusions, That we must draw these conclusions is true, but it is quite wrong to say that private capital |hangs over us like a threatening thun- idercloud. This is perfect nonsense. jit deals, and attracts outside capital | A few years | FEW words on the peasantry problem, There are some com- rades who imagine the differentiation among: the peasants to have already reached such a point that the problem of the medium farmer practically ex- ists no longer. Unfortunately, our statistics fail to give us the required information here. We have no figures showing the present differentiation, or its progress of Jate. Still I should like to make a general observation on a point which in,my opinion can and must be accorded attention. If you look at any capitalist country, even a capitalist country developing with tempestuous rapidity on capitalist lines, we Marxists-Leninists recog- nize (and Lenin himself would have recognized) thatthe solid mass of the medium peasantry cannot be changed within a few years; it can be hollow- ed out by the ,current of capitalist development, but the process will be much slower here than in the indus- trial class, where the middle class, the medium city bourgeoisie, is forced out of existence much more quickly, ND if this is:the case in a capi- talist country ‘and under capitalist |rule, where the whole mechanics of capitalist society “drift forward at the |speed prescribed by. the maximum speed at which the middle peasantry is decomposed and the differentiation of the peasantry accomplished, it is much more the case in the union, where the nationalization of the land has rendered a rapid differentiation impossible in any case. Lenin em- phasized this frequently. I may even refer to that speech of Lenin’s which was recorded for the gramophone, and sent to all the villages and towns of the Soviet Union as one of the most important and popular speeches ever made by Lenin on the peasant question. This speech dealt directly with the nationalization of the land, and with the importance of the mid- dle stratum of peasantry in connection with this. Thus, whatever may be asserted on the subject, we cannot conclude that any very great change has taken place with regard to the differentiation of the various strata of veasantry during the past wo years. It is impossible. (To Be Continued) Urge All Aid to the British Coal Miners Appeal of the Executive Committee of the Communist International to the workers of all countries. HEN the general council of the British Trade Union Congress throttled. the general strike on the 12th of May, the British miners whose spirit had not been broken, declared, that they would continue the strug- gle. They have kept their word, and they are fighting on, altho they are opposed by a united front of the cun- ning British bourgeoisie and all its conscious and unconscious lackeys. The last few weeks have proved themselves to be extremely critical for the striking miners. In order to defeat them the way was cleared for entry of the churchmen with their sweet speeches oozing with brother- lyness and love. The object of this cunning move on the part of the churchmen is clear. They wish to pursuade the miners to accept the same program of wage reductions against which the miners have con- sistently fought. HE ruling class of Great Britain failed to break the miners in an open struggle, it was therefore the turn of the princes of the church to try their hand and to succeed with strategy where the government fail- ; ment is considering taking advantage of the murder of a wealthy j American capitalist by a bandit gang, to issue an ultimatum to the Mexican government demanding protection for American tourists. Citizens of foreign countries are killed in the United States quite frequently and should a foreign government. threaten the ‘United States with reprisals because of those incidents considerable ‘indignation would be registered by our editors, statesmen and \near-statesmen. At the time Jacob Rosenthal was kidnaped it was generally jconceded tha* one of the main objects of the plot was to discredit the Calles administration, and to prove to the United States that the Mexican government was nnable to guarantee life and property ‘in the country. Whatever may be the motive of the kidnapping, besides a desire von the part of a few bandits to get rich quick, the department of ystate will have to develop considerable ingenuity in order to be able ‘to make a threatening attitude towards Mexico go down with the workers and farmers of the United States, Rewarding the Lame “Lame Duck” Lenroot of Wisconsin will be “taken eare of” by President Coolidge, since the Wisconsin republican voters tied the pean to him in the primaries. Lenroot was a loyal supporter of the {Coolidge administration in the senate, He led the fight for the world feourt. So well did he succeed that the Wisconsin voters figured he rwould make a nice decoration for the political serap heap. The capitalist class usually reward their servants, If they did jot do this the incentive to serve them would not be so tempting. “Progressives” who turn reactionary for a price might think several jtimes about deserting their principles if they believed that an elec- ton defeat would leave them jobless as well as honorless. Among the positions available to “Lame Duck” Lenroot are: seat on a federal bench; the attorney generalship or a job as am- bassador to a first class power, Outside of wounded pride and dis- ‘appointed ambition Lenroot will not have any reason to curse the Way he was born. ed with force. The leaders of the miners gave way. They recommended the miners to accept the memorandum of the bishops altho the latter is nothing but im attempt to break the united front of the miners, The miners them- selves, however, have seen thru the swindle and given a clear and unmis- takable answer to the temptations of he holy church, and to the attempts: of their leaders to abandon their ori- ginal program, N the meantime the general counctt| of the Trade Union Congress and the whole Amsterdam International is; maliciously and systematically prepar-) The}, Amsterdam International cynically re-{' fused to make collections to support, ing the defeat of the miners. he families of the striking miners; iving as the reason that the generat) ouncil had not requested any‘ such ollection. Sh The general council pursued | fruite loss negotiations for loans from the well-to-do sections of the Amsterdam International: which did not shri from demanding material security and usurious interests for the loans to assist the British miners. This is the way the leaders of the Amster- ‘}dam trade unions interpret their duty of solidarity, S far as the genéral council is con- ‘ cerned, despite the fact that its negotiations for loans failed complete- ly, it refused to discuss the question of supporting the miners at the con- ference of the Anglo-Russian Com- mittee in Paris at the 30-31 of July. It came together at the initiative of the central council of the Soviet La bor Unions especially for this pur- pose, Other sections of the Amsterdam International were demanding usurl ous interests and material security from the general council as a condt! tion for etrilking miners, l finavelally supporting bat || i HE general council, however, also put a condition for its participation in the campaign to support the min- Soviet Labor Unions. This condition was that all its crimes committed against the British and the world pro- letariat be forgiven. The representatives of the general council at the conference of the 30-31 of July demanded that the revolution- ary unions of the U. S, 8. R. with- draw their statement in which they published the truth, concerning the treachery of the general council to the toilers of the world. Under these circumstances the miners’ struggle has a more than ordinary importance. i inde British miners are the advance guard of the British proletariat land are defending the interests of the proletariat against the offensive of capital. It is the task of the Brit- ish proletariat to ensure the victory of the heroic minersjat all cost. They must see to it that the general council does not dare to break up the Anglo-Russian Committee which has been formed as a result of the determination of the workers of Great Britain and the Soviet Union to or- ganize the struggle for trade union unity and against the offensive of capital, The committee was never more necessary to the workers and xbove all to the fighting miners, than it is today, ‘T is the task of the British workers’ to force the general council and its delegation in the Anglo-Russian. Unity Committee to participate in the cam- paigm of, support for the miners. with all possible means. Should the general council refuse to support the miners, it is necessary to brand them once again as, traitors and to see to it that new members are,put in the place of the old. who who savorthy to bear the name, of rep- | BLESSINGS OF SEGREGATED SCHOOLS # " By WM. PICKENS. : Arguments seem ‘to count little with some people. ught to count withany sane man, Those,.who,want to find out for certain But certainly facts just how blessed it t#’to Negro children and)teachers to be in “their-own” state; or anywhere else, read those facts and figures in the September “Crisis” and see what he is leading toward. Read those figures on page 253, or on any other page of that re- markable disclosure of facts, and see that the “separate” Negro schools in Georgia, where the colored people and children, nearly half the total popu- lation, get less than one dollar out of ten for their education, The proportion 1s much worse still if the “Crisis” had co the money paid to white school g@uperintendents, supervisors and to other state and local administrators of the schools, All of ‘hase management mont salaries and ¢: whites, nois, ‘|veparate schools in the South, or elsewhere, should read thhe article in «the ‘September “Crisis” dW the schools of Georgia. ‘Georgia is a typical southern segregation is well established there, who is trying to lead his people into#——_————__-________________—. separate school systems in Ohio, Illi- Just let any Negro “leader” Where there are segregated schools for Negroes, the Negro school gradual- ly becomes schoo] only in name—a sort of excuse to say to the outside world: “Yes, we have schools for the Negroes. The only reason why they are not up with the white people in intelligence and education, is their na- tural inferiority, you see.” They know that they are lying, and that in truth they are so robbing and Mmiting the Negro schools that even if blacks were superior by nature, they would still have to remain inferior in education- al attainments. Where there — schools for Negroes, those Negroes enjoy just one equality in the school system: the equal right to pay tho'taxes for the support of the whole schoo! system, and mules es educate white people, " are resentatives of the British workers in the general council of the British Trade Union Congress. T is the duty of the British working class and of the proletariat of all countries to support the British min- ers to the utmost and to save them from the blows of British capitalism and the conservative government which, in anticipation of its victory over the*miners, is already preparing to attack the proletariat of other branches of industry. HE support for the miners must be quick and effective. It must be made up of collections from the workers at the bench, of contribu- tions from their wages. The fraternal support of the British miners by the working class of the Soviet Union must serve as an example to the workers of all other countries. Apart from the organizational ma- terial support for the miners, it is necessary to proceed immediately to organize a boycott of all coal tran- sports. The holding up of coal ex- ports to Great Britain would repre- sent a great triumph for the cause of international solidarity. HE Communist International sends its warmest greetings to the Brit- ish miners and calls upon all Commu- nist Parties and upon all revolution- ary workers all over the world to con- ‘inue their work to support the min- ors with redoubled energy. The vic- ory of the British miners made pos- sible by a united action of the ad- vance guard of the workers of all countries would be a guarantee for a fighting alliance. of all proletarians against capitalism and imperialism. Long live the struggle and victory of the British colliers! Long live the support of the Brit- tish colliers by ‘the proletariat of all countries! 7 Long live the vietory of the pro- letariat over the bourgeoisie! Long live Communism! CHICAGO, Sept. 17. — A series of earthquakes, estimated to have taken place at a distance of about 4,500 miles from Chicago, were recorded on the University of Chicago seismograph from 12.18 to, 1.02 today. Silence, Mysterious silence, ' And the density of night Bare softly upon me, Blotting ‘thé raucous Clamor of toil That leadens my soul; Peaceful, Dreaming, Childhood, This do I know ying in the lap of night, - Listening to silence, * Sweet, vy The C. P. S. U. and the Opposition Block Eris! Haeckel on “Last Words on Evolution” (Continued from previous issue) But the greatest blow was dealt at the predominant metaphysical concep- tion of the life of the soul thirty years ago by the new methods of psycho- physics. By means of a series of able experiments the physiologists, Theo- dor Fechner and Ernst Heinrich We- ber of Lepisic, showed that an im- portant part of the mental activity can be measured and expressed in mathe- matical formulae just as well as other physiological processes, such as mus- cular contractions. Thus the laws of physic control a part of the life of the soul just as absolutely as they do the phenomena of inorganic nature. It is true that psychophysics has only par- tially realized the very high expecta- tions that were entertained in regard to its Monistic significance; but the fact remains that a part of the mental life is just as unconditionally ruled by physical laws as any other natural phenomena, Thus physiological psychology was raised by psychophysics to the rank of a physical and, in principle, exact sei- ence, But it had already obtained solid foundations in other provinces of biology. Comparative psychology had traced connectedly the long grad- uation from man to the higher ani- mals, from these to the lower, and 80 on down to the very lowest. At the lowest stage it found those remark- able beings, invisible with the naked eye, that were discovered in stag- nant water everywhere after the in- vention of the microscope (in the second half of the seventeenth cen- tury) and called “infusoria.” They were first accurately described and classified by Gottfried Ehrenberg, the famous Berlin microscopist. In 1888 he published a large and beautiful work, illustrating on 64 folio pages the whole realm of microscopic life; and this is still the base of all studies of the protists. Ehrenberg was a very ardent and imaginative observer, and succeeded in communicating his zeal for the study of microscopic organ- isms to his pupils. I still recall with pleasure the stimulating excur- sions that I made fifty years ago (in the summer of 1854) with my teacher Ehrenberg, and a few other pupils— including my student-friend, Ferdin- and von Richthofen, the famous geog- rapher—to the Zoological Gardens at. Berlin. of the Zoological Gardens and in the Spree, and caught thousands of invis- ible micro-organisms, which then richly rewarded our curiosity by the beautiful forms and mysterious move- ments they disclosed under the miero- scope, The way in which Ehrenberg ex- plained to us the structure and the vital movements of his infusoria was very curious. Misled by the compart- son of the real infusoria with the ml- croscopic but highly organized rotif- ers, he had formed the idea that all animals are alike advanced in organ- ization, and had indicated this errone- ous theory in the very title of his work: The Infusoria as Perfect Organ- isms: a Glance at the Deeper Life of Organic Nature. He thought he could detect in the simplest infusorta the same distinct organs as in the higher animals—stomach, heart, ovar- ies, kidneys, muscles, and nerves— and he interpreted their psychic life on the same peculiar prindiple of equally advanced organization, Phrenberg’s theory of life was en- tirely wrong, and was radically de- stroyed in the hour of its birth (1838) by the cell-theory which was then formulated, and to which he never be- came reconciled. Once Matthias Schleiden had shown the composition of all the plants, tissues, and organs from microscopic cells, the last strue- tural elements of the living organism, and Theodor Schwann had done the same for the animal body, the theory. attained such an importance Kolliker and Leydig based on it modern science of tissues, or histok ogy, and Virchow constructed his cel- lular pathology by applying it to dis eased human beings. These are the most important advances of theoret- ical medicine. But it was still a long time before these microscopic beings to the cell was answered. Carl The odor von Siebold had already tained (in 1845) that the real infu: and the closely related rhizopods were. unicellar organisms, and had uished these protozoa from the rest of the animals, At the same time, Carl Naekeli had described the low- est algae as “unicellular plants.” But this important conception was not senerally admitted until some time afterwards, especially after I brought all the unicellular organisms under the head of “protists” (1872), and de- fined their psychic ¢unetions as the “cell-soul.” (Continued Tomorrow) i TR A ST SER, BR BN A ERE RoR A ANAT ey NRE AT A SN 7 oY SAE Sr ee Se NA AF ep oe Ne > Seat 0 ND ST PROT SII Win Strike to Guard Union SCRANTON, Pa.—(FP)—Fatlure of 5 men to show their union books caus- ed a strike of 900 at the Gravity Slope colliery of the Hudson Coal Co, After a day’s idleness it was announced that’ the matter had been adjusted. Such local strikes would not be way local miners, if the the cheeloft which + noo Rae Equipped with fine nets and - small glasses, we fished in the ponds ®