The Daily Worker Newspaper, September 18, 1926, Page 6

H 4 the ‘THE DAILY WORKER Page Six THE DAILY WORKER aera nee renee gama rE Published by the DAILY WCRKER PUBLISHING CO. 1113 W. Washington Blvd., Chicago, Ill. Phone Monroe 4713 24s ale Aeselalhon ae eae ie SUBSCRIPTION RATES By mali (in Chicago only): By mail (outsids of Chicago): $8.00 per year $4.50 six months | $6.00 per vear $3.50 six months $2.60 threo months $2.00 three months —— Address all mail.and make out checks to THE DAILY WORKER, 1113 W. Washington Bivd., Chicago, lilinols = J. LOUIS ENGDAHL } WILLIAM F, DUNNE MORITZ J. LOEB. TO SLES Pa AER A a AUER AA DAS SEY Entered as second-class mail September 21, 1928, at the post-office at Chi! cago, Ill., under the act of March 3, 1879, = The Injunction Against the I. L. G. W. U. in New York The temporary injunction secured by the industrial council of | the cloak manufacturers in New York against the 40,000 striking cloak makers indicates the desperation of the bosses‘in the face of the militant solidarity of the union. While the former. have been affirming, until they were blue in the face, that the strikers were returning to the shops in the midst of the strike, they are now forced into a virtual admission of defeat by their column-long advertise- ments in the New York press appealing to the. workers to return, after having resorted to the aid of an injunction with which they hope to break the strike. The securing of the injunction shows more than the’ despera- tion of the manufacturers. It drives another nail into the coffin of the legend that the courts are impartial institutions for the solution | of issues in which one class is pitted against another. In:the greatest | majority of decisive cases, as in this instance, the courts decide for the ruling class. In addition, it must be remembered that the cloak manufac- turers have been working in close contact with Governor Al Smith who has taken an active interest in the strike—on behalf of the bosses, The application for an injunction was undoubtedly made only after consultation and. agreement with the governor, who is| a notorious “friend of labor,” a favorite of Tammany Hall, and the-| darling of the labor bureaucracy of the New York City and Staté A. F. of L. There is one decisive means of fighting the injunction of cap- italist courts, and it has been advocated not only by the conservative institutionalized conventions of the A. F. of L., but by Gompers himself—in words. That method is the open and mass violation of the injunction. We believe that the continuation of the militant and sharp battle spirit of the cloak makers on strike will make this policy successful. Let Tammany Hall try to arrest 40,000 cloak makers for violation of the injunction! Furthermore, the workers have an opportunity in the coming} election to give expression to their repudiation of the fake “friends of labor” who have been rewarded for just the same type of open and concealed strike-breaking as practiced. by Governor Smith in this strike. Oust the enemies of labor in the capitols and their tools | on the judicial benches! Injured Shylock! Noble Shylock! ‘With very little comment we reprint the following item from! press service of the International Federation of Trade Unions (the Amsterdam International) : The Executive of the German National Center defends itself against the official accusation of the Communist International, that at the negotiations it had proposed 11%, interest on the international loan asked for by the British General Council ; it writes as follows: “We have had constant inquiries both from Germany and from foreign countries about the false allegations of the Com munists, that we would only grant the British trade unions a loan at the very high rate of 11% interest. We therefore make the public no that the rate of interest agreed upon between the I. F. of Amsterdam and the British T. U. General Council was Sees Yo. It must be well known that the rate of interest customary in Germany igs substantially higher than this, so that those of our unions which have granted loans to the British are not receiving extraordinary interest—but are, in point of fact, suffering a considerable loss of interest.” Pity poor Shylock! Injured Shylock! It is not a pound of flesh he demands. He wants only half a pound. How comforting it must be to the striking coal miners in England to know that they are not alone in their sufferings. Even the bankers of the German trade unions suffer too. Noble Shylock! . Editors Business Manager Advertising rates on applications, The Tiger And the Dollar Report given by Comrade Buk- harin at the Functlonaries’ Meeting of the Leningrad Organization of the Cc, P. S. U., on July 28, on the Re- sults of the Plenary Session of the C. C, and the C. C, C. IOMRADES! My present report on the results of the plenary session of the C. C. and the C. C. C, will differ to a certain extent from the custom- ary reports on this theme, for the rea- son that the work of the joint plenum itself has been of an unusual charac- ter. A number of practical questions which formed the agenda have been dealt with from a genera] and from a fundamental standpoint, with refer- ence to those political declarations and those attacks against the’ major- ity of the central committee which have been made on a developed scale jagainst the C. C. by the opposition during this plenary conference, have to restrict myself solely to fundamental questions of principle in the political life of our country, to questions of principle concerning our party, both with regard to inner pol- icy and in part to foreign policy, as also to special inner party policy. Be- fore analyzing the standpoint of the new opposition, I must thus give a brief survey of the general situation in the country, for the fundamental dif- ferences existing between the over- whelming majority of the ©. C. and the comrades of the opposition arise from the estimation of the situation in our country and of the role played by our party at the present juncture. It is these varying estimates which give rise to the varying opinions as to the correct measures to be taken by our party at the present stage of its his- torical development. Permit me then to first make a brief analysis of the general situation in }our country. The Economic Growth of the Country. BEGIN with the analysis of the economic situation. I must apolo- gize for having to make recourse to figures here, tho ofily to a very few. In our own ranks the growth of our economics, and the growth of the pro- ductive forces of the country, have Be- come a generally acknowledged fact; and even our most obstinate oppon- ents admit this fact. Even our bitter- est and blindest class enemies have niable facts, facts which cannot be even ignored under present conditions, to acknowledge our economic prog- ress. pags for us Marxists-Leninists, for of society, the question of the gen- eral economic progress of the country is no more than the first and most general point in the analysis of the economic situation, up this question by others, and ask ourselves if Our industry, which is the gressing. If it is, we must ask its taking agricultural development, or if on the contrary agriculture is overtak- ing industry. We must ask whether the’ disproportion between our state industry and the 22,000,000 farms is| CURRENT EVENTS ieee dd By T. J. OF O'Flaherty. (Continued from page 1.) Mediterranean road to Africa. France does not like this a bit. England is backing Italy against France. France is not anxious to let Italy have an im- perialistic meal at Turkey's expense. Such a very strong Italy would not be healthy for France. Despite the league of nations and the “Locarno spirit.” ial ie | ERE is more dirt on the capitalist powers: When England was threatening war on Turkey over the Mosul oil question, Italy jabbed her fascist hand in the fire and pulled out ja fist full of British chestnuts, by an- ; Bouncing her j with Greece against Turkey. Kemal intention to combine Pasha was not prepared for this, so he accepted a compromise from Brit- ain on Mosul...In return for this favor England let Mussolini in on a little bit of loot im Abyssinia. However, the Abyssinians have a bunch of bayonets anxious for a carving con- test and perhaps Benito’s blackshirts may prefer to continue assassinating inarmed workers for another while, 0 HE diplomatic orientation’of the powers changes very, quickly, but the broad outline of west Byropean diplomacy just now is a war between England and France, gtoppipg just short of military action, In ea Europe and in the Orient, Britain's main enemy is the Soviet Union, with France playing a role of benevolent neutrality towards England and in the case of Poland and Roumania—active enemies of Russta—more than that. oe HEN Germany signed the com- plete treaty with the U. 8, 8S. R. shortly before the British miners’ strike was declared, howls of rage went up from the British press. Brit- ain expected to line Germany up in the anti-Soviet eamp by a seat in the council of the league of nations. But Germany saw a rich market in Rus- sia and fooled England. Now England is well to remember. that threatens France the lon’ mn Italy oar can ‘Haagsche Post (Amsterdam) Westers Clemenceau’s letter to Coolidge. , eed be heard \* the distance, N my present report I shall thus been forced by the pressure of unde- | us who are building up a new state | We must follow | basis of socialist development, is pro-| rate of progress, whether it is over-| and France are jockyin ith the Balkan nations, Italy and ey. It) (built the structure of increasing, WF if our tedatio is grow- ing more rapidly. This is the first of the supplementary and decisive ques- tions, which we must put to ourselves after being assured of the general eco- {nomic growth of the country. The So-Called “Disproportion” in the Development of Agriculture and Industry, NOW pass on to this first question of the relations between the devel- opment on agriculture and of our in- dustry. Here the position may be enemies of the Russian better by now. 1917. Then the defeat of the really expected, hourly. But the hours grew into days. grew longer—and eo did the faces of the self-appointed under- takers of the Russtan Revolution. nomy of these unemployed pallbearers did not merely register professional seriousness but outright disappointment. OW to the living basis of our indus- try, that is, to the strength of the v for the question of the class struggle—and our socialist devel- opment is in reality a peculiar form of proletarian class struggle—will naturally be decided by those living people who represent in various com- binations, the main base of the so- cialist structure. The working class forms the fundamental human mater- ial of this socialist structure. It is the ruling class, the leading class, the NOTE.—The present developments in the Communist Party of the Soviet Union have caused renewed activities:of the Revolution. united front from J. P. Morgan to Victor Berger and Morris Hilquit, from McCormick’s Chicago Tribune to the Socialist New Leader, all the capitalist vultures sound their coarse cries of expectant triumph ove: But it is really not triumph that they expect. They know Their hopes have cooled down considerably since the first days of the Russian Revolution in November The whole capitalist ” the first proletarian state. revolution was predicted, and Time And the mournful physiog And when this gentry register expectant triumph now it is not because they have really overcome their disappointment, but they want to spread it among the friends of the Soviet Union also, With such. disappointme nt they hope to slacken the ac- tive support of the Soviet Union so it may be more easily made the target of attacks. Fortunately, however, the enemies of the Soviet Union have broken the camel’s back by loading too many lies on it. The facts of the onward march of the Russian Revolution are too obvious and-too convincing to be eclipsed by lies from Riga, Bucharest, Chicago or New York, THE present controversy wi thin the Communist Party of the Soviet. Union is neither a sign—nor wil lit be the cause” —of a retreat of the revolution. Quite the contrary. It is clear indication of its victorious onward march. To give a clear understanding as well of the present prob- lems of the Russian Revolution as also of the controversy over the solution of these problems, we are publishing here- with a report made by Comrade Bucharin at the function- aries’ meeting of the Leningrad organization of the Commu- nist Party. elucidation. The.report speaks characterized by the following figures: The gross production of agriculture |has risen between the economic years 1922-23 and 1925-26 from 66.8 per cent to 88.1 per cent of the pre-war level. During this period the‘gross produc- {tion of industry has increased from |34.7 per cent to 95:\per cent. Ex- pressed in absolute figures, agricul- |tural production increased from 7.8 |millard pre-war roublas to 10,3 mill- ards, that cis, an increase of 32. per| }eent in the time given: If we refer | | to the gross production/of industry, we | find the following figures: In 1922-23 | production amounted to the value of |1949 million pre-war roubles, in the |economic year 1925-26 to 5,215 million pre-war roubles. Our industry has thus increased by 274 per cent during this time.* | ,{Gosplan” No. 3, and “Bulletin of the Pr of atiational Economy of the U. | ” and placed in a barge. Resolution Reaffirming the De- cisions of the First Annual Con- .ference of International Labor Defense. HE basic principles for the guid- ance and conduct of the work of International Labor Defense were laid down in the resolutions and decisions of its first annual confeyence, The experiences of the past year have realized the basic line df*these reso- iutions and decisions anf fully justi- fled their adoption, They have formed the ground work upon which has been mified, non- for itself and necds no further It is clear and convincing and answers the lies about the retreat of the Russian Revolution. vanguard class of the present transi- tional state of society, If we ask how the working class itself is developing, and in particular what changes have taken-place in its numerical strength, which -represents under uniform conditions the decisive factor of its social class force, we find the following dynamics of de- velopment: g Esk the economic year 1921-22 the average number of industrial work- Jers was 1,240,000. By: June 1925 this number had increased; to 1,555,000; June 1926 shows us the figures at 1,898,000, that is, in the. course of one year, from June 1925 to June 1926, the most advanced stratum of the prole- tariat, the industrial working class, increased by more than 300,000. We can put the same question in, another way, not merely with reference to the {numerical increase of the persons be- partisan organization that coordinates and leads the work of labor defense in this country, The weaving together of the tasks of legal defense, prison relief and comfort, the organization of protests and demonstrations for class war prisoners, the reviving of interest and organization in old cases, the pub- icity and propaganda for labor de- fense, the extension, of fraternal aid to imprisoned workers in other land: and the reciprocal trom, our for- eign comrades for ¢) war victims in this ‘country—-all conducted on the basis of united efforts and non-parti- san interest—has p' {longing to the working ‘class, but from the standpoint ‘showing us what pro- portion ‘of our tétal tational income is represented -by--the income of the working class, that is, by their wages. I may assume that you are fully aware that our country is in the first place an agricultural country. We must therefore not’. be surprised at the smaliness of the absolute’ sum; the important point is the change which has’taken place in the proportion of wages contained in. our total national income, In the economic year 1922-23 the sum total of wages, that is, of the income of the proletariat, amounted to 20 per cent of the total national in- come. By 1924-25 this sum had in- creased to 28.1 fer’cent for the-whole union, that ‘is, almost 50 per cent in- crease in a comparatively short time.* HUS matters:were up to now. We have however now reached a stage in our ‘economic.constructive work in which our organs of planned econom- ics are able to set ‘themselves the task of fixing plans of orientation for comparatively long periods‘ in ad- vance. ‘For one thing ‘we have worked out a statement, which, it need not be said, ig only approximate and in- tended to serve as information, on the development of our economics during Preparatory to the Femodeling of the U, S. S, Utah at the Charleston navy yard, her entire Resolutions of Second Annual I. L. D. 1S ERE: the next five years. This statement has been drawn up with the greatest caution by the col- laboraters in the planned economic commission, According to this state- ment, the growth of agricyltural pro- duction is calculated at about. 20.8 per cent for the five years 1925-30, whilst the growth of industrial production is estimated at about 110 per cent. The growth of all agricultural and indus- trial production is' dealt with. The proportions change somewhat if we take into consideration not the growth of the gross production of agriculture, but only the part of this. production put on the market, the part consisting of goods. Our. provisional calculations would then yield figures anticipating that the goods obtained from the peas- ants’ agricultural production will in- crease by about 42-43 per cent during the next ‘five years.* HIS. 110 per cent: growth of indus- trial production shows us that the informative calculations for the next five years, based upon a careful study of, existing factors, indicate that, the growth of-industry will surpass that of. agriculture. This is the funda- mental tendency underlying our eco- nomics; and was consciously adopted as such at the last XIV Party Con- gress, If we ask at what speed industry and agriculture will develop, we may receive the confident answer, both with regard to the years behind us and those coming, that the balance is in favor of industry, that our indus- try has out-stripped agriculture inits development up to the present. And a study of all available data enables us to prophesy for the next five-years, with equal confidence, further prog- ress for the industrialization of our country. *“Gosplan” No. 1. Article by Comrade Guchpacn on ie “Total Income of the Soviet Union,” *No. 4, Articles b; Comrades Tchidy- anysky and Strumilin. | ae ery “Peace-time” Diet of War Ship Fills Huge Barge mory is removed This photo, showing the barge: fulliof shells, gives a vivid idea of the ammunition re- quired by a dreadnaughtieven in peace time. successful, HE second annual conference of In- ternational Labor Defense. there- fore reaffirms the correctness of the decisions and resolutions or the first conference of International Labor De- fense and holds them to be the line which the organization must follow in the coming period.” It instructs the incoming national eXecutive commit- tee to continue to carry on its work in accordance with the spirit and am letter of these decisions and tions = which “RO BU uy formed the f form of our gat The C. P. S. U. and the Opposition Block Ernst Haeckel , an last Words | on Evolution” By ERNST HAECKEL, * ji (Continued fron: previous issue.) } CHAPTER III, THE CONTROVERSY OVER TH® ' SOUL, The Ideas of Immortality and God. >| HO it was my original intention to deliver only two lectures, I have been moved by several reasons to add a supplementary one. I the first place, I notice with regret that I heve been compelled by pressure of time to leave untouched in my earlier lec- turs, or to treat very inadequately, several important points in my theme there is, in particular, the very impar- 4 tant question of the nature of the soul. In the second place, I have’ béeh convinced by the many contradictory press notices during the last few days that many of my incomplete abserva- tions have been misunderstood or mig- interpreted. And, thirdly, it seemed advisable to give a brief and‘ clear summary of the whole subject in this farewell lecture, to take a short sur- vey of the past, prefent and future of the theory of evolution, and especially its relation to the three great ques- tions of personal immortality, the free- dom of the will, and the personality, of God. I must claim the reader's patience and indulgence even to a greater ex- tent than in the previous chapters, as the subject is one of the most dificult and obscure that the human mind ep proaches, I have dealt at length in my recent works, “The Riddle of the Universe” and “The Wonders of Life,” with the controversial questions. of biology that I treat cursorily, here. But I would like to put before you, now, in a general survey, the powerful arguments that modern science em- ploys against the prevailing supersti- | tion in regard to evolution, and to show that the Monistic system throws } a clear light on the great questions of | God and the world, the soul and life, In the previous chapters I have | tried to give a general idea of the present state of the theory of evolu- tion and its victorious struggle with the older legend of creation. We have seen that even the most advanced or. ganism, man, was not brought into being by a creative act, but gradually developed from a long series of mam- mal ancestors. We also saw that the most man-like mammals, the anthro- poid apes, have substantially the same structure as man, and that the evolution of the latter from the former can now be regarded as a fully estab- lished hypothesis, or, rather, an. his- torical fact. But in this study we had in view mainly the structure of , the body and its various organs. We touched very briefly on tke evolution of the human mind, or the immaterial soul that dwells in the Sody for -a time, according to a venerable tradi- tion. Today we turn chiefly to the development of the soul, and consider whether man’s mental development fs controlled by the same natural laws as that of his body, and whether it also is inseparately bound up with that of the rest of the mammals, At the very threshold of this difmf- cult province we encounter the cur ious fact that there are two radically distinct tendencies in psychology at our universities today. On one sidé we have the metaphysical and pfo- fessional psychologists. They stfll cling to the older view that man's soul is a special entity, a unique in- dependent individuality, which dwells for a time only in the mortal frame, leaving it and living on as an immor- tal spirit after death. This’ dualistic theory is connected with the doctrine of most religions, and owes #ts ‘high authority to the fact that it 1s associ- ated with the most important ethical, social, and practical interests, Plato gave prominence to the idea of the immortality of the soul in philosophy long ago. Descartes at a later ‘date gave emphasis to it by ascribing-a true soul to man alone and ‘reraaeg it to the animals. This metaphysical paveta which ruled alone for a considerable period, began to be opposed: in’ the eighteenth, and still more in the ning- teenth, century by comparative ' chology. An impartial compafisor the psychic processes in the hi and lower animals proved that: were numerous transitions and gradu ations. A long series of intermedi: ate stages connects the psychic ‘ut ot the higher animals with that of” on the one side, and that of the lower animals on the other. There was no such thing as a sharp dividing arid as Descartes supposed, ~ (fo Be Consigaes) Capital he Hostile to Labor, Miner Writes TERRE HAUTE, Ind.—(FP)—"Cap- ital and labor are striving in opposite directions in the job market,” writes Secy. Wm. Mitch, United Mine Work- ers of Indiana, in a Labor Day me sage, “Their interests are not iden- tical; in fact, they are opposite. La- bor is attempting to get as much ae possible for the job, but is |. capped in this competitive itruggle. Capital is demanding as much of the employe's energy asible to pro- cure for the money given and it fs no respecter of persons. Cheap the objective of capital.” Ys a