The Daily Worker Newspaper, September 17, 1926, Page 6

—-—_-- Page Six + THE DAILY WORKER Published by the DAILY WCRKER PUBLISHING CO. 1113 W. Was}yington Blvd., Chicago, Il, Phone Monroe 4712 / SUBSCRIPTION RATES 0 Awa (in Chicago onty): | By mail (outside of Chicago): per year $4.50 six months | $6.00 per voar $3.50 six months $2.50 three months { $2.00 three months Address all mail and make out checks to THE DAILY WORKER, 1113 W. Washington Bivd., Chicago, Hlinols J. LOUIS ENGDAHL { WILLIAM F, DUNNE MORITZ J. LOEB. wovesenesees Editors jusiness Manager le Entered as second-class matl September 21, 1923, at the post-office at Chi. cago, Ill, under the act of March 8, 1879. Advertising rates on application, Birds of a Feather Flock Together in the Coal Miners’ Union William Sneed, republican state senator from Herrin, supporter of John L. Lewis and until a day or two ago a candidate for presi: dent of the Illinois district of the United Mine Workers of America on a “purity” platform following the exposure of Farrington as a paid tool of the Peabody Coal company, has made peace with Harry Fishwick, Farrington supporter, and will become his running, mate as vice-presidential candidate on the same-slate instead of opposing this outstanding defender of the $25,000 per year stoolpigeon of the coal operators. As the close confidant and brother-in-arms of Farrington in his expulsion campaign directed against the most militant elements. in the union, Fishwick is just as guilty as Farrington altho probably less well-paid. The Lewis administration knows this and the united front be- tween Sneed and Fishwick is proof that Lewis is accepting support from the operator-debauched district machinery of the Illinois union. It means that Lewis and Farrington are rivals for the favor of the operators and that Farrington having been exposed first, ia 290 Lewis takes up his connections and henchmen in his war on the| membership. Lewis is as deep in the mud as Farrington is in the mire and the Sneed-Fishwick combination, containing all the Farrington gang with the exception of Farrington himself, represents the same coal operators’ influences in a slightly new guise. It is significant that Sneed, speaking on Labor Day to a picnie held by the miners’ union of West Frankfort and vicinity, never mentioned Farrington by name or made other than a passing refer- ence to one of the most important developments of years in the trade union movement. The united front with the Farrington machine was already in prospect. The struggle of the membership of the union, represented by the opposition to Lewis headed by John Brophy, to clean out the} corruptionists has forced all the shady elements into one camp. In Tilinois this membership revolt with its program for building the | union is headed by Joseph Tumulty and around Tumulty: will rally every section of the Illinois membership that has not been com- pletely corrupted by the Lewis-Farrington machine which has ruled and which still rules the union in the interest of the coal operators. a \ Chinese Nationalist Successes Reports of a’mutiny among the troops of Chang Tso-lin, before Kalgan, where the Kuominchun army has occupied ‘strong positions, and the wholesale slaughter of revolting soldiers by machine-gun: de- tachments are added confirmation of the news from China whicli indicate a growing demoralization of the anti-nationalist forces and the rapid weakening of the imperialist grip on the country. The northward and westward march of the southern revolution- ary armies has surprised the military experts of the imperialist na- tions. The revolutionary armies are sweeping the Yang-tze valley clean of Wu Pei-fu’s forces.. There seems little doubt but that his army has been annihilated in the military sense and no longer rep- resents an effective fighting force.. Some of his former generals may offer resistance for a while, but the capture of Hankow, “the Pitts- burgh of China,” and the capture of the Hanyang arsenal, together with the collapse of Wu Pei-fu’s forces, are evidence that the south- ern armies of national liberation probably will encounter | little difficulty in moving north on Peking along the Hankow-Peking rail- way. A movement on Peking likewise can be expected now on the Kuominchun northern army and Chang Tso-lin, threatened on two | sides by nationalist armies whose morale because of the recent vie tories is of the highest, while that of his own troops is sinking under the handicap of his Japanese backing and terrific losses in the field, will probably have to withdraw again into Manchuria. The political situation is favorable for the Chinese nationalist movement. The successes of the southern armies in the Yang-tze valley have weakened the British base there and given new hope.and courage to the workers and peasants in ‘the interior. Armed intervention by Britain on a scale large enough to offer hopes of success would serve merely to further solidify the Chinese Masses. Armed intervention in conjunction with America and Japan would probably check temporarily the progress of the armies, ns national liberation, but the conflicts between these three nations, f too serious a nature to make this possible at present. It is possible that Great Britain may undertake to dispatch! | large forces to China, but it is hardly possible for these to prevent, the establishment of a militant nationalist gover@nent in Peking. Once this is done the cancellation of the existing unequal treaties, wi e imperialist nations will be a matter of a short time. American imperialism is trying to remain on friendly terms With the nationalist movement in order-to have the advantage of, Britain and Japan if the nationalist movement is completely vic- torious. The Soviet Union will undoubtedly negotiate an offensive. defensive alliance with the new Chinese government and the strug: gle will then become one of the rising peoples of the East, allied with the workers’ and peasants’ government of the Soviet Union, against world imperialism. Such is the present Chinese situation and the immediate pos- sibilities as the result of thegseries of recent brilliant victories by the ‘nationalist armies. An Interview with Luigi Candela, secretary of the Chicago branch of the Anti-Fascist Alliance of North America, ee The latest attempt -to rid” Italy of the fascist dictator Benito Mussolini has revived’ working class interest in fascism and particularly with the re- jut of the black shirt.reign since the eventful march on Rome in. November 1922, That the great. majority of the Ital- jan workers and peasants are opposed to the fascist regime, is. beyond ques- tion but they are held down by fascisi bayonets and able to. make their voices felt only with the. greatest dif- ‘| ficulty, Bourgeois writers who visit Italy are continually writing glowing ac- counts of the fascist regime and élo- quently .lying about the economic con- ditions of that country and the “peace” that prevails there. Getting The Facts, With the object of getting the’ facts of the situation before: its readers The DAILY WORKER sought an in- terview with L. Candela, an Italian- born worker, secretary of the Chicago branch of the Anti-Fascist Alliance of North America and an authority on the fascist movement in Italy: The first question asked of L. Can- dela was: “What is the internal composition of the fascist party?” “It is a heterogeneous body from the point of view of the social groups’ that have ‘formed -the party” he‘replied. “The workers represent from 15 to 20 per cent. There are small merchants and middle-class elements. which form the greatest percentage. Another group is composed of the industrial and financial lords, is in a minority it is the real dominant factor in the party today. In the be- ginning the fascist party’ was dom- inated by the middle’ class elements. ative elements, most‘of. them of. the Giolitti group, joined ‘the fascist party and since then *the internal poli¢y of the party was directed to giving full power to the industrial and ‘financial and the big agrarians. figure of this group'is Hon. Federzoni, | member of Mussolini cabinet. Weak In The South. “In the southern part of Italy the fascist party is very weak. But it governs by means of prefects.. The members of the fascist party here are either state employes. or aristocrats. The bourgeoisie in this party of the country is not united. There is np unity politically or economically. “Who--are-the Teal--ralers- of “the fascist party?” was the next question. Ruled By Government, ~ Candela declared ‘that the fascist party was governed thru government ministers and prefects.” He said. “There are rules which prohibit the members to discuss any political ques- tion. All the activities of the fascist members are directed ‘towards organ- izing social affairs and entertainments for the benefit of the’ fascist treasury. Members of the party are never. allow- ed to discuss proposed laws, in fact their first acquaintance with a new law comes from reading about it in the paper. There is much dissatisfac- tion among the members because of the pressure of the big industrial and finance capitalists who ‘dominate the organization.” New Fascist Decrees. “What are the new laws, that have been recently passed or decreed by the fascist government, and how did the masses receive them.” Candela | Was asked, “The principal decrees issued lately were the abolition of parliament, the substitution of workers’ trade unions by fascist corporations in. which the workers and employers are. supposed to collaborate with-the help of the gov- ernment, The. nine-hour law’ which increase in wages and the detested podest& system thru which local gov- ernment officials are appointed from the center at Rome, and which has stripped the masses of every vestige of elective power hitherto held by them, The latest measures regulate the production of bread, the elosing of dance: halls in working: class dis- \|tricts, and prohibition of vacations. All those drastic decrees give the le \to the fascist boast that Mussolini lis solving. the economic crisis in Italy. ' Workers Are Indignant. »“The workers have not received \those laws with pleasure contrary to | fascist publicity” Candela. declared. On the contrary they were received | jowtth indignation by the workers, farm- ets, middle class elements, and peas- ants. Fascism is exerting every nerve to keep internal dissension secret. but I am in a position to give the facts of the real situation,” »; Candela then produced several type- written, mimeographed and printed documents issued. by peasant and workers’ organizations jn various parts of Italy, which prove that the masses are not lying down and meek- ly submitting to the reign of terror. Called For Revolt, One document was a ringing appeal the region of ‘Veneto, calling on the peasants to reyolt against the podesta law. The appeal stated that the peas- ants wanted the old established right to elect their own public officials.” In all the shops of Turin, the indys- trial heart of Italy, a very * statement was distributed’ thousands among the po nth in defiance of the fascist terror, [cost of living has goue up and th Altho ‘this group | After the march on Rome the'conserv- | group—the owners of heavy industry | The ‘political | was forced on the workers without ap | issued by the Peasants Federation of aad “Wages are very low,” Tt reads, “the ay pa HE DAILY. WORKER ;government has taken away our dem- ocratic political rights, and is piling more taxes on us. Why does not the government strike, at. the profiteers who are reaping fortunes without working? Why does not the govern- ment expropriate. the swollen incomes of the big industmjal and agrarian lords, they..have amassed those late years? The reports of, the industrial companies show that they have earn- ed epproximately 50 Her cent on their investments, yet the m evernnent does not touch: them.” omy? ment of the Mussolini regime the statement urges the workers to “gather their strength and regain their courage and then b an active de- fense against this: exploitation and tyrant autocracy.” In the factories of Milan a leaflet has been distributed ong the work- ers which-states that 'there is no work now for: all the workers, yet the fascist government is” posing a nine- hour day for eight to help the big industrial explo ite How the fascist government s lowered the fascist stendard-of living is: shown as follows: Wages Reduced. . 1.—Since the march on Rome. (Nov- ember 1922). real wages have. been reduced 25. per cent.) * ° 2.—During the same period the cost of living has inere / in Milan. 32 per cent. * 3.—The necessities, of life have been hit by an enormous tariff on imports, which has raised" ther price | of breati 50 centesim{’ per kilogram and sugar 1 lira and) 40 centesimi’ per-kilogram. 4.—Tlie laws that” protected the town tenents,.were abplished, leaving the tenants now. free © be'fleeced by the landlords, The Peace of ‘Death. “According to capitalist. correspond- ents there is no ‘pol 1 excitement in Italy and law and order prevails. How do those - square’ with your knowledge of the! Atuation?” Can- dd. my city iit Aesinndd, ex tracting a’ bulky mimeographed bundle of papers from his t. Despite the fascist censorship an Ttalian labor de- fense organization able to get the information to the foes of fascism in the United States, 4s the story told by the documents: ‘Here Is The Pecord. During the month of\June 1926 the record of violence was om Killed in. political « ong Workers’ demonstrations ..csioseo2 In the month of July the following is the picture: Political assaults. Political arrests. Political searching. Political sentences... Newspapers confi in: Italy” commented ela. “What is the Anti. of North America and what ts ite pro- “This is the kind of law and order that prevails under theamle of fascism t Alliance The Truth About Fascism In Italy THE LEANING TOWER gram for helping the Italian people rid themselves of fascism?” was the final question, To this Candela replied: “The Anti-Fascist Alliance of North America is a united front organization formed among various anti-fascist or- ganizations in America with the pur- pose of preventing any development of fascism among four million Italians in this country and to prevent fascist ‘influence on the American govern- ment and to help in every way pos- sible to weaken the fascisti in Italy. At various times the fascist regime was in the throes of a great economic it not been for the assistance rendered by the American government, On Verge Of Collapse. “The American government funded the Italian war debt at a time when the fascist government was on the | verge of collapse. The debt settle- ment was followed by a $100,000,000 Joan from the House of Morgan with the approval of the government. This loan saved fascism for the time being. Without doubt new loans will be sought by fascism in the future, “The chief aim of the Anti-Fascist Alliance is to rally the American dnd Italian workers around its agitation and to prevent the help of the big in- dustrial interests of America to fascism in Italy, Sent Fascist Agents, “There have been cases in the past where the Italian government has sent fascist’ emissaries to this country. to build fascist branches and persecute antifascist workers. They also suc- ceeded with the support of fascist branches in America and by means of detective agencies, under the direction of a discharged police sergeant, to kid- By ROBERT MacDONALD. impatient to see my first labor jdemonstration in America, The news of the Passaic textile strike has spread all over the world, and last spring even the English capitalist pa- pers gave accounts and photographs of the sturdy resistance of the strik- ers against police clubs, fire hose and tear gas. Surely such workers would be class-conseious and disciplined! ‘AST Saturday a huge parade was planned to welcome the strikers, now Local 1603, U. T, W. of A,, into the ranks of the A. F, of L. Down the street we could hear a band play- ing, and with the sound for a guide, soon found the parade. But was it the parade? Or a belated Fourth of July celebration? © leader carried a huge Amert- can flag! Behind him, other: men dressed in their Sunday best carried smaller flags, like guns, on their shoul- ders. I.could not believe my eyes— the “Stars and Stripes” was every- where, It was a labor parade, tho, for a sign said “Passatc Trades Coun cil” and there: followed other , ban- ners of A. F. of L, locals—mostly building trades. it & placard bear: Ing a militant s ‘ the painters, decorators and mane. |e hangers announced meekly, “We are backing the Strikers.”:.1 looked for some few red flags to offset the red, crisis which would mean its end, had | UNDER WHICH FLAG? Y enthusiasm was keen, and I was |. nap two political refugees in New York: A friendly judge helped them in taking steps. towards their deporta- tion, Thanks to the energetic inter- vention’ of the Anti-Fascist Alliance, this was prevented. But'there are tens of thousands of Italian refugees in America’ who have escaped from the fascist persecution and there are signs’ that fascism will influence the American. authorities | to,.send them back to italy. It-ts the purpose of the Anti-Fascist Alliance ‘to prevent any ‘abuse of this kind, |, “What is your,opinion.of the at- tempt on Mussolini’s, life? Candela, replied: \“Several times | Mussolini has. organized, take attempts on his life «in‘order to, increase his | prestige before’ the Italian, people. But there were times when real attempts were made. Those attempts give the llie to the-fascist boasts that every- thing is peaceful and-quiet in Italy. The: Italian people hate ‘fascism and in my opinion the last incident will not add to-the prestige ‘of Mussolini, chief investigator ‘of all the political murders committed bythe black shirts since they got-to power. * e @ “Mussolini's restrictive laws to crush organized labor: Nave not succeeded. ‘The Italian Federation of Labor and the | Peasants" Federation still exist and together with workers and liberal political parties, still. exert great in- fluence, over the ‘Italian masses. “On the contrary, ‘due to the pressure of. fascism, ‘tho organizations are uniting under Na us anti-fascist slo- gangs into one great united front body, and are offering. ‘serious a aleaaie to the : fasci During the past | three patie and riots have been fezist Italy.” sca Even hey car: na flags, altho they Suing -But the spirit ives dbbeie CG tet wede tring peoud defiance to the bosses, Here after spven long months of struggle against police,» ‘Dowses, ' citizens’ committ! judges, courts, cold and hunger, was a united, enthusiastic, disciplined body of workers. They sang “Solidarity” and “Hold the Fort.” They cheered the union ito the echo, and chanted militant ditties... Some kids carried a coffin which was; marked “Company Union.” There;were signs like this: “The Boas’ Family Spent Six Months in the Orient. Qur Mothers Work Nights in the Mills;” “‘Life, Liberty and the Pursuit of Happiness’ For Us Means: ‘Tubereulosis, Starvation and Misery.” And many, many others, a T knew that there was new life in. prot up seva movement, areas , discarding the red of the strikebr: , the ‘police, Wall , Ametioan Legion, the pica scalparecal march forward under the Req Plag—the flag of inter- national solidarity in Ernst Haeckel | on “Last Words on Evolution” CHAPTER Il. THE STRUGGLE OVER OUR GEN- EALOGICAL TREE, (Continued from previous issue.) The reserve strictures that I have passed on the sophisms and trickery of this “ecclesiastical evolution” are not directed against the person and the character of Father Wasmann, but the Jesuitical system which he repre- sents. I do not doubt that this able naturalist (who is known to me) has written his book in good faith, and has an honorable am- bition to reconcile the irreconcilable contradictions between natural evo- lution and the story of supernatural creation. But this reconciliation ot reason and superstitition is only pos- sible at the price of a sacrifice of the reason itself. We find this in the case of all the other Jesuits—Fathers Cath- rein, Braun, Besmer, Cornet, Lins- ‘|meier, and Muckermann—whos® am- biguous “Jesuitical science” is aptly * jdealt with in the article of R, H. France that I mentioned Before (No. |22 of the Freie Wort, 16th February, 1904, Frankfort), This interesting attempt of Father Wasmann’s does not stand alone. Signs are multiplying that the church militant is about to enter on a sys- tematic campaign. I heard from Vienna on the 17th of February that on the previous day (which happened |to be my birthday) a Jesuit, Father Giese, had, in a well-received address, admitted not only evolution In gen- jeral, but even in its application to |man, and declared it to be reconcil- jable with catholic dogmas—and this jat a crowded meeting of “catechists!"” It 1s important to note that in a new catholic cyclopaedia, Benzinger’s “Li- brary of Science,” the first three yol- umes (issued at Einsiedeln and Co- logne, 1904) deal very fully and ably with the chief problems of evolution: | the first with the formation of the earth, the second with spontaneous generation, the third with the theory of descent. The author of them, Father M. Gander, makes most re- markable concessions to our theory, and endeavors to show that they are. not inconsistent with the Bible or the dogmatic treatises of the chief fath- ers and school-men, But, tho there is a profuse expenditure of sophis- tical logic in these Jesuitical éfforts, Gander will hardly succeed in mis- leading thoughtful people. One of hits j characteristic positions is that spon-‘ taneous generation (as the develop-, ment of organized living things by/ purely material processes) is incon-( ceivable, but that it might be made possible “by a special divine arrange- ment.” In regard to the descent of man from other animals (which he grants), he makes the reserve that the soul must in any case have been produced by a special creative act. It would be useless to go thru the innumerable fallacies and untruths of these modern Jesuits fm detail, and point out the rational and scientific reply. The vast power of this most dangerous religious congregation con- sists precisely in its device of accept- ing one part of science in order to destroy the other part more effect- ively with it. Their masterly act of sophistry, their equivocal “probabil- ism,” their medacious “reservatio men- talis,” the principle that the higher aim sanctifies the worst means, the pernicious casuistry of Liguori and Gury, the cynicism with which they turn the holiest principles to the grati- fication of their ambition, have im- Pressed on the Jesuits that black character that Carl Hoenbroech has so well exposed recently. The great dangers that menace real science, owing to this smuggling into it of the Jesuitical spirit, must not be undervalued, They have been well pointed out by France, Escherich, and others. They are all the greafer in Germany at the present time, as the government and the reichstag are! working together to prepare the way ‘|for the Jesuits, and to yield most per- hicious influence on the scnool to these deadly enemies of the free spirit of the country. Huwever, we will hope that this clerical reaction repre- sents only a passing episode in mod- ern history. We trust that one per- manent result of it will be the recog- nition, in principle, even by the Jos- wits, of the great idea of evolution. We may then rest assured that its most important consequence, the de- scent of man from other primate forms, will press on victoriously, and soon be recognized as a beneficent and hopeful truth, (To Be Continued.) Employment Improves . Says U. S. Labor Dept. WASHINGTON, Sept. 15, —(FP)— Employment in bituminous mining, in textile manufacturers and in the boot and shoe industry improved during August, says the monthly report of the U. 8. Employment Service. The gen- eral volume of employment for the country at large is claimed to have been better in August than in July. A shortage of metal miners in Mon- tana is reported. ane Ge? a copy of the Americay Worker beso te ia Ite only 6 By ERNST HAECKEL, | personally un- 4 : : “ph