The Daily Worker Newspaper, August 25, 1926, Page 6

- ahs 0 ier 0 co tm @ Ow OS mL — a er Ae aneom 3 8% Page Six ‘ THE DA!ILY WORKER THE DAILY WORKER Published ‘by the DAILY WORKER PUBLISHING CO. 11138 W, Washington Blvd., Chicago, Il, Phone Monroe 4713 SUBSCRIPTION RATES By maii (in Chicago only): By mail (outs'de of Chicag?): $8.00 per year $4.50 six months | $6.00 per vear $3.50 six months $2.50 three monihs $2.00 three months Address all mail and make out checks to THE DAILY WORKER, 1113 W. Washington Blvd., Chicago, filinols J, LOUIS ENGDAHL WILLIAM F, DUNNE ~*~ MORITZ J, LOEDS.. Hd itors ..Business Manager Entered as second-class mail September 21, 1923, at the post-office at Cnt cago, lil., under the act of March 3, 1879. 290 Signs of a New World War The difficulties of British foreign policy are increasing in propor- tion as her national economy continues to decline, first by the general strike and then by the prolonged coal strike (the importance of which has been overlooked generally because of the) tremendous crisis which preceded it), British imperialism must now meet a determined effort on the part of Spain backed by Italy to weaken seriously her control of the Mediterranean route to India. The Spanish demand for Tangier (almost directly across the straits from Gibraltar) is like a knife at the jugular vein of the British empire. It is a notice served upon Great Britain that Italy is demanding a large share in the control of the Mediterranean area and its implications are the most far-reaching since the an- nouncement of Germany’s intention to complete the Berlin to Bagdad overland route hastened the outbreak of the world war. Italian imperialism must expand or die and the Mussolini gov- ernment intends to drive east and south—into Asia Minor and northern Africa—and does not intend to leave the western entrance to the Mediterranean entirely in the hands of Britain. | | Advertising rates on application. | Shaken at home | —_ ———— Serra Sega! Life and Work in the Soviet U Union By ANISE. (Special to The Daily Worker) ULY 21.—On the Volga steamer, On the spacious upper deck of the Volga steamer there is little Commun- ism to be seen, Quite the contrary; nothing reminds you that this is a workers’ and peasants’ republic. The thin, gay dresses are so fresh and well cut that I wonder where they get the | money, till I remember that mine also jis fresh and well cut and cost me France doe Italy but neither is she prepared to fight wholeheartedly on the side) of Britain. Her differences with Great Britain in central Europe} ave of a fundamental character and it is only her interests as a| Mediterranean power (needing a clear route to Indo-China) which | align her with Britain at present. That the controversy already has passed to some extent out of the liands of diplomats is shown by the fact that both France and 3ritain have sent battleships to Tangier and the capitalist press announces openly that their presence there is to prevent a surprise! seizure of the disputed zone by the Spanish forces. The Mediterranean area must be looked upon from. now on as one of the severely infected spots from which can spread a war fever to all parts of Europe. Particularly is this true since the agreement not look with sympathy upon the ambitions of | in process of completion between Great Britain and Italy for the} “ division of spheres of influence in Abyssinia appears to have broken | down with Great Britain getting the best of the negotiations with the Abyssinian government. | The reported investment of American capital in Morocco thru) the medium of a nominally German concern brings the United States into conflict with the other rival groups in the Mediterranean sector. The working class of the whole world stands in danger of be- ‘ s j taking their ease on the river. } 4 and 8 o'clock.” $3.17 in partment Store. the Moscow Municipal De- Decidedly, clothes |have become cheaper in the Soviet Union. Perhaps even some of these | are workers. But a woman turns, displaying a heavily powdered face and lips red with cosmetics under a ribbon head- dress about 20 years too young for her. Obviously the new rich class, with hard unpleasant face. Others seem to be of the new Soviet official type, known as “Soviet bourgeois,” Sol turn with relief to a little sign omthe wall that promises a different type of company, Members Register, EMBERS and candidates of the Russian, Communist Party please | register with the secretary of the Boat Yacheka, room 9, third class, between Tho I am neither a member nor. a) candidate, I know he will not turn me out. He also will be glad to meet a correspondent for the American,.workers’ press. little after four I,push my way thru a crowd of peasants on the lower ing driven to the shambles again as European capitalism finds the difficulties of permanent stabilization too great to overcome and the various ruling class groups incline to war as a method of eliminating their competitors and halting the rise of the revolu- tionary movement. A united front of the world labor movement against imperialist -—the proposal of the Communist International to the working class of the world—is the only method by which another mass slaughter can be averted. Wall Street Policy in Mexico Two conflicting tendencies are visible in the attitude of the state department towards Mexico at present. Since the sharp un- favorable popular reaction to the peremptory note sent by Kellogg last fall, the interventionists have had to tone down their. public utterances, but have not ceased to bring all possible pressure upon Mexico. The Coolidge policy followed now, while not so immediately dangerous to Mexican sovereignty, is a deadly one potentially. Am- bassador Sheffield evidently favors a more open interventionist tactic and rumors of his resignation, which Kellogg has felt called upon to deny, terests which believe that Mexico is being weakened seriously by the internal conflict and can be forced, without intervention, to make substantial concessions to American oil and mining corpora- tions. The New York Times for August 19 published an official inter. view with Kellogg in which the following statements are made: Our relations .... over the oil and land laws ..... give pro- mise of developing into a satisfactory understanding, according to the opinion of officials here. They foresce @ more compromising attitude on the part of Mewico in this controversy as a result of the conflict between the church and the Calles government. Ambassador Sheffield will return to his post pre- pared TO URGE MORE AGGRESSIVELY. on Mevico the de- mands of Americans who come under the oil and land laws, (Emphasis ours.) American capitalists in Mexico evidently haye been given some idea of the Wall Street strategy. John Clayton, writing a series of special articles for the Chicago Tribune, quotes a prominent American residing in Mexico as follows: . 2... let Merico understand that continitéd disregard of her obligatiogs will lead, say, to the withdrawal of the embargo on the shipment of arms from the United States into Mexico, followed by withdrawal of recognition, severance of diplomatic relations, and as a last resort by intervention, and the whole controversy would be settled, This is the policy that is being followed, i. e. @ eontinual in undoubtedly are the result of his differences with the in-| deck, a dim room full of women, ba- bies, men, reclining-on upper shelves or drinking tea on lower ones, till I come to Room,,4, Two men are, in the room when I enter, one of them, a tall, dark, sun- burned man, is the secretary. I ex- plain who I am and what I want to know. “What is ‘party work’ on a river boat?” I ask him. “There is very much work” he says. “Meetings, speeches, propaganda of all sports among. passengers. We have a Red Corner in a little room back jin the fourth class, with books and pa- pers and benches enuf for ten people at once, Also we have many study circles for the crew. That is my chief work, for I am not so good at making speeches, But if any good Communist speaker travels on this boat, we ex- pect him to help us, “Of the 49 employes on the boat, there are ten Communists. They have |@ special political school; then we So al, LAST WORDS ON EVOLUTION EREWITH is-published one of a series of stories being sent specially to The DAILY WOR KER by Anna Louise Strong, who | is at this time in the Soviet Union making ‘a thoro study of conditions there. on the Soviet Union having spent years in that country. She is the Miss Strong, whose pen-name is “Anise” is a credited authority the better part of the past five author of a book, “First Time in History” and numerous magazine and newspaper stories on the Soviet Union, have 18 non-party workers in a pre- paratory political class. We also} have a trade union circle which stud-| ies the work of our union; and a small class for two men who cannot read very well, We used to have more of them, but now everyone can read. “We have our group of Rabkors; (Workers Correspondents) who write ap the news and comments for our ship wall newspaper. If we have any-| thing good, we sent it to “Na Wachte” and sometimes they print it. “He pull- | ed out a copy of the paper. It was a| breezy little sheet of. four pages, daily organ of the Water Transport Work-| ers of the Soviet Union... . . Imagine a| land where every large trade union can afford to have its gwn newspaper, | which is crammed ful] of comments and information from union members all over the country! Na Wachte had | a front page of general and foreign! news; the rest was articles on trans- port; news from various transport regions; comments on Jabor and liv- ing conditions, or on general life from a transport worker’s point of view. Colection for Miners, FEW weeks .ago,” he went on, “we took up a collection for the British miners. We, had a mass meet- ing of our workers, explained the situ- ation and then yoted ,on the proposi- tion to give a quarter of a day’s pay to help the miners... Of course it passed; it was our usiness to ex- plain it so that it would. That also is party work on this boat, comrade.” “Do you put in a}i your time at this,” I ask, or have you other work?” Other Work, E laughed. “But of course I have other work. I earn my living as a sailor, Eight hours a day, from eight to twelve morning and evening. The party work is ngt. paid; I do it merely as a party member.” He went on to explain the condition of sailors, how before the revolution he worked twelve hours, two shifts of six hours every day, and it was.very hard, . But now he has plenty of. leisure for study and for party work, “Also before the revolution I got 12 roubles a month. Now we sailors get 47 roubles, four times as much.” By ERNEST HAECKEL CHAPTER Il. THE STRUGGLE OVER OUR GEN. EALOGICAL TREE. Our Ape-Relatives and the Vertebrate- Stem. (Continued from previous issue.) In view of the very great importance of this pithecoid theory, we will cast a brief glance at its founders and then summarize the proofs in support ot it. The famous French biologist, Jeon Lamarck, was the first scientist definitely to affirm the descent of man from the ape and seek to give scien- tific proof of it. In his splendid work, fifty years In advance of his time, the “Philosophie Zoologique” (1809), he clearly traced the modifications and advances that must have taken place in the transformation of the man-like apes (the primate forms similar to the orang and the chimpanzee); the adaptation to walking upright, the con- sequent modification of the hands and feet, and later, the formation of speech, and the attainment of a higher degree of intelligence, Lamarck’s re- markable theory, and this important crease of diplomatic and financial pressure at the same time that the catholie church is seeking to divide the nation into two warring camps. . It is not enough that the armed forces of American imperial- ism are not actually in Mexico, “Hands Off Mexico” must be made to mean abandonment of ALL interference in Mexico and the sub- mission by Americans in Mexico to Mexican law. Sooner or later the provocations made deliberately by the state department will precipitate an armed conflict untess American labor realizes the danger, forces its officials to bi Wy masses instead of pretending neutrality, and the continual encroachment of Wall Stréet ‘upon Mexican sover gs 9 consequence of it, soon fell into ob- iilvion, When Darwin brought evolu- ‘ion to the front again fifty years afterward, he paid no attention to the special conclusion, He was content to make the following brief prophetic ob- servation in his work: “Light will be thrown on the origin and the history of man.” Even this innocent remark seemed so momentous to the first Ger- man translator of the work, Bronn, that he suppressed it. When Darwin k out for the Mexican | was asked by Wallace whether he ‘fs to end for all time | Would not go more fully into it, he re- plied; “I think of avoiding the whole subject aris so much ‘involved in prejudice; tho I quite admit that it ig LAs the highest and most interesting prob- ‘em for the thinker.” The first thoro works of impor- tance on the subject ippeared in 1863. Thomas Huxley in Bygland, and Carl Vogt in Germany, endeavored to show that the descent of: man from the ape Was a necessary consequence of Dar- winism, and to provide an empirical base for the theory every available argument. Huxley's “work on “Man’s Place in Nature” was*particularly val- uable. He first gaye,convincingly, in three lectures, the pirical evidence on the subject—the matural history of the anthropoid apes, the anatomical and embrological ions of man to the next lowest animals, and the re- cently discovered (fossil human re- mains, I then (1866) made the first attempt to estab: the theory of evolution compreh sively by re- search in anatomy*@nd embroyology, and to determine thg chief stages in the natural casnineion of the verte- brates that must have been passed thru by our earlier vertebrate ances- totrs. Anthropology thus becomes a part of zoology. In my “History of Creation” | further developed these early evolutionary sketches, and im- provements were made in the suc- cessive editions, In the meantime, the great master, Darwin, had decided to deal with this chief evolutionary. problem in a spe- cial work, The two volumes of his “Descent of Man” appeared in 1871, They contained an able discussion of sexual selection, or the selective in- fluence of sexual love and high . Here the other sailor broke in. “If only products cost now what they used to cost, what would we do with all our money. We would live like merchants, But then,” he added rue- fully, “if products cost less, that means somebody else gets less, and in the end we would all get less. They both laughed at this elementary political economy, and the secretary went on to tell me of the propaganda work among the passengers, when meetings were held on the fourth class deck. ‘It is very hard work,” he said. “These peasants can ask more ques- tions about things you don’t know. And they blame you for everything they don’t like anywhere in the coun- try. They ask you when the govern- | ment will give them cheaper ploughs? They tell you how the farm’ tax was wrongly worked in their village. . . But it is very necessary for Commu- nists to know this so that they can report to the proper place and per- haps have it fixed. Party Work Hard. HEN sometimes when .a city Com- munist talks to them,.evena very good speaker, they grab him by the hands and cry: ‘Call thisya workers’ government. ‘Where did you ever work?’ They will not say that to me because I am a sailor and: they can see by my hands and clothes that I work hard. But all the: same, the Darty work on the boat is not-easy.” A knock came at the door. There entered a pleasant, intelligent but weary woman. ‘What are party mem- bers supposed to register for” she asked. “For record and for any work they can do” he answered. “Put me down,” she remarked, and then disclosing herself as an educa- tional worker from Turkestan, she went on, a trifle grimly: “And is the party Yacheka supposed to look after the comfort of workers and peasants who travel on this boat?” “What do you mean, comrade’? asked the bewildered secretary, “Well, we educational workers don’t get much pay. But we hear everywhere the advertisements of this trip on the Volga. Workers of Rus- ‘| Turkestan lady. sia, take your. vacation ¢ on Mother Vol- ga. So I get a pass that is good for. third’ class travel and come for a rest on. the great river. Then, you crowd us in like cattle; there is no. place to le down. The room for third class is darker than a czar’s jail!” A Communist. Complaint. ACK in the fourth class they lie | on barrels and old. iron. ;Is this still permitted ina workers’ and peasants’ republic? And the toilets! I went to look in the second and. first class and there they have cleaned up things properly; it all smells sweet. But the third and fourth class toilets are worse than stables. Are they in- tended for serfs or for citizens! One would think to look at this boat that there never was any revolution. One understands how the czar’s Russia built these boats; let, peasants ride with cattle and freight; it is all the same. But it is eight years now, and you make no improvements, Is not that work for your party Yacheka, comrade!” The poor sailor stammered some- thing about the administration ‘not co-operating,” and “always talking of expenses.” ... “I bet they spend plenty on overhead salaries,” cries the did they ever lie on a barrel in fourth class... No, this a real crime. The government itself deceiving the work- ers. Tell me, comrade, if I spend seven nights and days going to Astra- kan, where the weather gets hotter every day and the boat has no venti- lation,—will it be a vacation or shall I need a month in a sanitarium to And does it cost much on a boat to cut a few more ventilation holes and windows .. You must agitate about this ... This also is work for the river Commu- nists, comrade!” So Goes the Work, HE unhappy secretary was non- plussed. A sailor all his life, what did he know of ventilation. Always the peasants had traveled thus on the river, making no complaint. But this was a party member and an educa- tional worker. She kne# about venti- lation and better ways of living. Yes, there might be something in it. It was quite true that one must get rid of the dark ways! Such is the network of Cmmunist Party activity that spreads across the whole of the Soviet Union, active in work and in vacations, talking freely with new-found party comrades, demanding, holding up standards, in- tensely responsible for the building up of all life in the Republic, “When they travel, | WITH THE STAFF | Being Things From Here and |} There Which Have Inspired | Us to Folly or Frenzy MORONIA. (The self-styled “world’s great- est newspaper” paid $1 for this.) Once Too Often, My girl friend and I work in ap office where there are several men. As I have to distribute the mail in the morning I naturally see the men’s first names .on.their letters, so my friend and:I, when speaking of any of them, got in the habit of calling them by their first-names. One morning my employer asked me why there wasn’t any mail for him. Unthinkingly I replied that Mr, Bob got all the mail that morning, “Mr. Bob!” he said. “O,-I’mean Mr. Farrar,” I replied. “My, you two must be getting thick,” he said, “calling each other by your first names.” I blushed, that’s all. EB. C, —From the “My Most Embarrassing Moment” Department of The Chi- cago Tribune, «se WE WOULDN'T LET ’EM OUT, ° “Shyster lawyers have no standing with this body,” said Clabaugh, head of the Illinois parole board, “We won't allow them in the penitentiary.” — News item. eee Out of Range of Christian Artillery. London—in a recent religious gath- ering, Rev. Pierson declared that Jesus Christ is still alive. He is residing on the highest peak of the Himalaya mountains. Rev. Pierson said that Jesus would again enter the world to save the people.—From a news item. Now You Tell One “I have never loved any one but you.’—Dd- ward G. “Daddy” Brown- ing, 51-year-old Romeo, to Frances “Peaches” Browning, 15-year-old nymph, whose diary gives aid to millions of she- morons, Catholic Rebellion to Be Given Tuesday Chicago Workers’ Party Street Nuclei Numbers 12 and 13, invite all interested workers to a lecture on the subject of “The Catholic Rebellion in Mexico,” to be given by Manuel Gomez of the All-American Anti-Imperialist League at the South Slavic Book Store, 1806 South Racine, Tuesday evening, Aug, 24, at 8:30 p.m, | Free Lecture on the that, in my opinion, it is of the great- est importance, not only for the gen- eral theory of evolution, but also for ne Be anthropology, and aesthet- ics. My own feeble early efforts (1866), not only to establish the descent of man from the nearest related apes, but also to determine more precisely the long series of our earlier and lower vertebrate ancestors, had not at all satisfied me. In particular, I had had to leave unanswered in my “General Morphology” the very interesting question: from which invertebrate ani- mals the vertebrate stem originally came. A clear and unexpected light was thrown on it some time after- wards by the astounding discoveries of Kowalevsky, which revealed an es- sential agreement in embryonic devel- opment between the lowest vertebrate (amphioxus) and a lowly. tunicate (ascidia), In the succeeding years the numerous discoveries in connec- tion with the formation of the germi- nal layers in different animals so much enlarged our embryological out- look that I was able to prove the complete homology of the two-layered gastrula (a cup-shaped enibryonic form) in all the tissue-forming ani- mals (metazoa) in my “Monograph on the Sponges.” From this | inferred, in virtue of the biogenetic law, the common descent of all the metazoa from one and the same gastrula- shaped stem-form, the gastroea. This hypothetical stem-form, to which man’s earliest multicellular ancestors also belong, was afterwards proved by, Monticelli’s observations to be still in existence, The evolution of these very simple tissue-forming animals from still simpler unicellular forms (protozoa) is shown by the corres: ponding process that we witness in what is called the segmentation of ‘the psychic activities cfgnnected therewith, and’ their significtnée in regard to the origin of man, As this part of Darwin's work waseterward attacked with particular vigulence, I will say ovum or gastrulation, In the develop- ment of the two-layered germ noe the single cell of the ovum, (To be continued.) NOTES FROM IRELAND (The following notes were gleaned from the Voice of Labor, organ of the Irish Transport and General Workers Union and the Hammer and Plough, a mimeographed organ issued by the Workers Party of Ireland, with our comment.—Ed.)« @: by ti HE. Hammer and Plough tells us ‘that American coal is being un loaded in Irish Free State ports and that the unloading is done by mem- bers of the Irish Transport. and Gen- eral Workers Union and also by mem- bers of the Workers not Ireland, known as “Larkin’s- ion.” = The term “blackleg” is applied to the coal dockers. . It is reg: Phat ut “Te men should mine, i coal, when’ by so employers break a henious tor union intended for consw: how much more American and ga ers and haul and load coal for r England? And how many times more henious it is for English dockers and railwaymen to haul coal to the English market while their comrades in the coal fields are fighting for their existence. The Hammer and Plough remarks that the I, T. and G. W. U. is notorious for blacklegging, a remark that indicates more zeal than regard for accuracy, Such ‘wild and woozy charges never serve a useful purpose and should be put in the cannery, wee a IROM the same paper we learn the following interesting facts: The shareholders of the National Bank Limited will receive $500,000 in divi- dends for the first six months of 1926, while more than an equsl..amount, representing profits made during ihe six months is devoted to various pur+ poses. This is not so bad for a poor country with 60,000 unemployed! oo ¢@ : HE Free ‘State government sent soldiers and bailiffs to islands off the west coast to collect rates, Their efforts were fruitless as the people had nothing of value that could be taken from them, The sheriff re- turned the deerees marked “no goods.” The peasants are gradually getting acquainted with a national govern- ment and learning that there is no difference between it and its pi cessor from London, Both are, base: on sigan oti ee .@ HE Workers Party of Ireland held a public meeting in the: Rotund: Concert Hall, Dublin to organize a tional tnemployment movement. attendance ‘was good. The included Madame Gonne Mrs. Despard, R. Connolly,/P, O’Don- nell and G. McLay, se ¢ learn, from the’ Voice of Labor that the labor parties of the Free and the Northern governments have reached a. working agreement. This |is an extremely important develop- ment. Because of the artificial divis- jon of the country into two govern: ments for the benefit of the big indus- trialists of Belfast, the reactionary land owners; and also to give England a reliable base in Ireland, the work- ers of north and soiith have had cus- toms bar to divide them, in addi- tion to thé old bogey of religious pre Judice, The labor movement is the only factor in Ireland that will breaic down the barriers and unite the na- tion under the banner of, a workers’ and peasants’ government, —