The Daily Worker Newspaper, August 13, 1926, Page 6

1 z THE DAILY WORKER a AILY WORKER Published by the DAILY WORKER PUBLISHING CO, 1113 W. Washington Blvd., Chicago, Il, Phone Monroe 4712 SUBSCRIPTION RATES By maii (in Chicago only): By inall (outside of Chicago): $3,00 per year $4.50 six months $6.00 per vear $3.50 six months $2.60 three months $2.00 three months Address all mail and make out checks to THE DAILY WORKER, 1113 W. Washington Bivd,, Chicago, Iil!Inols J, LOUIS ENGDA WILLIAM F. DUN MORITZ J. LOEB. Entered as second-class mail September 21, 1923, at the post-office at Chi- cago, lil, under the act of March 3, 1879. GE 280 Advertising rates on application. The United Front Against the Mexican Masses Both sides to the religious controversy apparently are pre- pared for an endurance contest. Ambassador Sheffield has delivered a new United States note with reference to Mewico’s petroleum and land laws to the Mewi- can foreign office, it was learned today. —Chicago Herald-Examiner, August 7, 1926. The above news item is evidence of the unity in the struggle to subjugate the Mexican people and the natural resources of Mexico to American imperialism now carried on jointly by the state depart- ment, Wall Street and other imperialist agencies and the catholic church. The Knights of Columbu§; to which belong most of the Irish catholic labor officials of the A. F. of L., has petitioned President Coolidge to raise the embargo on the shipment of arms into Mexico —an open admission that this wing of the catholic church proposes to arm the reactionary elements of Mexico. Additional evidence of the utter reaction for which the catholic church stands is contained in a dispatch published in the Chicago Tribune of August 10, quoting Mexican catholic leaders as follows: “Mexico is with the church but it never has been able to express its national will since the uprising against Porfirio Diaz a decade and a half ago. The work of the priests, now released from con- fining church duties, is to carry on this education. Already hun- dreds of priests have gone from the cities and larger towns, into the smaller towns and villages to carry on this propaganda and to at- tempt to unite the people into a solid catholic feeling.” (Emphasis ours.) The Mexican people under the rule of Porfirio Diaz suffered all the evils we associate with the Middle Ages. The catholic church was the largest single land holder, it, like the other great landlords, one of whom, Gutierrez, had an estate so large that it took a rail- way train forty-eight hours to cross it, had the power of life and death over the peons. The Mexican peasants were serfs. Since the overthrow of Porfirio Diaz by a popular revolution, all political questions in Mexico, external and internal, have centered around the division of the land among the Mexican peasantry. It is enlightening to note, therefore, that the brutal feudalistic regime of Diaz is the one which the spokesmen of the catholic church describe as its Golden Age of Freedom. Freedom for the Mexican masses evidently is incompatible with freedom for the catholic church and this, so far as the church is concerned, is what all the trouble in Mexico is about. The “education,” referred to in the paragraph quoted above, obviously is propaganda for the replacement of the Oalles govern- ment by a more reactionary regime. Education in the sense in which the term is used by the catholic hierarchy always means either propaganda for the maintenance or the establishment of feudal reac- lion. We have remarked before that the proof of this is contained in the record of the catholic church in Mexico which left, after three Business Manager hundred years of undisputed control of education, more than 75% | of the Mexican population completely illiterate. This is the sort of agency that American imperialism is using in Mexico. It attacks from within, Ambassador Sheffield, Wall Street ambassador, threatens from without. / The assault of the combined agencies of American and Mexican reaction upon the Mexican constitution which provides complete separation of church and state in all fields, and distribution of the big estates among the peasantry, a united front between oil and mineral magnates, and the clericals, is proof of the new militancy of American imperialism in Latin America. Recent events raise the question of armed intervention in the affairs of the Mexican people. American labor must speak out quickly and sharply, and take the lead in the drive to prevent another bloody onslaught on the Mexican masses under the Star Spangled Banner of Wall Street Why the Crazy Lies That the insane yarns about revolts, murders, conspiracies, assassinations and chaos in Russia were purposely broadcasted to cover up the preparations of the Polish government for war on Lithnania is the correct explanation of the phenomenon, according to a cable dispatch from Moscow to Tur Darty Worker. For over a week the capitalist press of all countries have clut- tered their pages with the most reckless concoctions that ever seeped out of the brains of a penurious publicity agent. Joseph Stalin, sec- retary of the All-Union Communist Party, was assassinated in one moment and in the next was giving the chief of the G. P. U. carte blanche to chop off a few hundred rebellious heads. Zinoviev was safely installed on the flagship of the Black Sea fleet wasting shells on the sya coast. Trotsky was running hither and thither looking for an army to lead or else several armies were looking for Trotsky with no good intentions towards him. And more of the same stuff. Not only did Tur Darty Worker editorial staff know the “news” was the bunk, but sé did the editors of the capitalist press. The most venal of them took care to add a little dispatch dated Berlin, Moscow or London, mildly denying that anything unusual was tak- ing place in Russia. But they figured that their readers would not get beyond the headlines and the first few paragraphs and go to work in the morning in the belief that the Soviet power was about to topple. In the meantime the Polish d@tator aided by. the British government could go ahead unnoticed with his preparations to in- vade Lithuania and the Roumanian threat against Russia would be ignored. The Associated Press, a capitalist news agency with a bureau in Moscow, instructed its representative in that city to make a re- vort of the situation. They did, Everything was quiet in Moscow on Sunday morning. Half the population had gone to the pleasure resorts and lakes for the holiday. Zinoviey was in the Caucasus for a rest and Trotsky was busy at his literary work in an apartment near Stalin’s abode. With the latest crop of Russian revolts consigned ‘to the his- torical incinerator one might expect the liars to take a year’s vaca- tion from their favorite profession. But this is a vain hope, In all probability the prevaricators will continue to prevaricate and the capitalist press will continue to publish their -output. ae eS - weak By .N, BUKHARIN, ESTERDAY Comrade Dzerzhinsky died. last flaming speech. He had poured the fire of -his stormy soul over all of us .. . and he burned up in this flame—passed away forever, How full of life he stands on the platform! Sober, energetic, a per- fectly attuned string. His speech is not a speech but a cry of the mind and the heart, a cry of furious will- power and creative passion, Each fig- ure re-echoes this passion. Hach word, a sharp arrow accurately let fly | from the bow, bores into the brains | of afl the comrades. All of us feel this is a man who is body and soul devoted to the cause. He does not ex- ist for himself.. He does not look at himself in the mirror of history, just as he most likely never looked into an ordinary looking-glass. He was con- sumed by his work, Revolutionary Spirit. A strange ruddy hue plays over his cheeks, suddenly appearing and soon vanishing, The eyes glow feverishly, shining with an inner fire and at the same time so suffering. The austere Ieee energetic visage of a revolution- ary fighter, true to the very end, to ythe grave (the Philistine would say: the face of a “fanatic”). A flaming speech, flaming gestures, the power- ful attack of a will. But what is the matter with him? His hands clutch almost crampedly at his heart, as if they wanted to tear out a piercing pain. And suddenly the yoice, which had sounded so passionate, almost ex- alted, drops to a half-whisper, Small beads of sweat stand out on his fore- head, flow in small streams over his face. “He is always like that,” one calms He was consumed by his | , oneself, as one regafis the beloved | true comrade, with torm@hting un- rest. But an inner voice says omi- nously: “Condemned, lost.” And a wild pain quivers thru one’s body. Dark Premonition, I left yesterday’s session of the cen- | tral committee with a dark premoni- |tion of evil, immediately after Felix | Dzerzhinsky’s speech, It was told |about that he had felt faint. They | did not want to make him uneasy, as absolute quiet was necessary. But the ominous premonition grew and grew. | And suddenly a telephone call: “Dzerzhinsky is dead!” Works Day and Night. “Dzerzhinsky is dead!” Friends | and comrades, did youdknow this man? | We had many heroes, And there are | still many strong igon men in our | “iron cohorts.”, But_Daerzhinsky was | alone in his way, and We have not his |peer. Actually a buljhjing lava of the revolution, not ordinagy human blood flowed and raged inj iis veins. It is hard to imagine Dzerghinsky asleep. j It is almost impossie to imagine him jdead. For this wagpfeally a fire of | the revolution, as bright as a torch, as |untamable as a tornado, burning and consuming everything like a powerful | D ion. Whoever saw Dzerzhinsky |tired? Whoever saw him inactive? These questions had no meaning for Dzerzhinsky. For it.seemed that he worked and fought gontinuously, tak- ing neither pause nor fest. This was his very nature. # q “When I work I work 100 per cent,” he said in his last speech, And his whole life was such work... . Sacrifice for Revolution. The revolution demands sacrifice. And the revolution had taken complete possession of Dzerzhinsky. With years of prison on his shoulders, after his liberation, Felix threw himself ‘into the stormy stream of the great year 1917. We all remember this threaten- ing revolutionary fighter of that time. Ruthless towards the enemy, always at his post, Dzerzhinsky achieved his task of repelling all the. attacks of the enemy. Sleepless nights. Perpet- ual commotion. Continually clenched hands, dry and energetic. Eternal vig- ilance, vast responsibility. And at the same time absolutely no pose, not even the historical one. Never did Dzerzhinsky play a Danton or a Marat. He always did what the party ordered him to do, the party which was dearer to him than anything else in the world, the party for which he lived and for which he died. And that iswhy Dzerz- hinsky was a knight without fear or reproach, a knight of Communism, whom will never be forgotten. Beloved by Workers. In the Cheka as well as in transpor- tation, in economic work as Well as in the central committee of the party and amongst the masses, Dzérzhinsky was known. as: incorruptible, unbend- ing, crystal-clear, straight. and’ frank. He always went about with. an open vizor. He always spoke the truth and Was severe with himself as well as with others when it was necessary to be severe. Often he spoke the truth as no one but he could. And he had a right to do so. He had. won this right thru his entire life, thru the life of a true fighter for the revolution, for whom the revolution was every- thing: air and light, warreth and love, and life itself, An infinite aud boundless belief in the creative power of the proletarian masses drove Dzerzhinsky forward. It filled him entirely, had taken total possession of him. Cast in one mould, Dzerzhinsky went his way with extra- (Continued from previous issue.) I soon perceived that almost all the experts at Berlin—chief amongst them were the famous microscopist, Ehren- berg; the anatomist, Reichert; the zoologist, Peters; the geologist, Bey- rich—were unanimous in their con- demnation of ‘Darwin. The brilliant orator of the Berlin Academy, Emil du Bois-Reymond, hesitated. He recog- nized that the theory of evolution was the only natural solution of the prob- lem of creation; but he laughed at*the application of it as a poor romance, and declared that the phylogenetic in- quiries into the relationship of the va- rious species had about as much value as the research of philologists into the engealogical tree of the Homeric he- roes. The distinguished botanist, Alexander Braun, stood quite alone in his full and warm assent to the theory of evolution. encouragement with this dear and re- spected teacher, when I was deeply moved by the first reading of Dar- win’s book, and soon completely con- verted to his views. In Darwin’s great jand harmonious conception of nature, |and his convincing establishment of evolution, I had an answer to all the doubts that had beset me since the beginning of my biological studies. My famous teacher, Rudolf Virchow, whom Thad met at Wurtzburg in 1852, }and was soon associated with in the |most friendly relations as special pu- | pil and admiring assistant, played a | very curious part in this great contro- |versy. I am, I think, one of those el- |derly men who have followed Vir- jchow's development, as man and | thinker, with the greatest interest dur- ing the last fifty years. I distinguish hree periods in his psychological met- morphoses, In the first decade of | his academic life, from 1847 to 1858, |mainly at Wurtzburg, he effected the | great reform of medicine that culmi- nated brilliantly in his cellular path- ology. . Ip the following twenty years (1858-1877) he was chiefly occupied with politics and anthropology. He | Was at first favorable to Darwinism, ‘then skeptical, and finally rejected it. His powerful and determined opposi- jon to it dates from 1877, when, in his ‘amous speech on “The Freédom of Seience in the Modern State,” he struck a heavy blow at that freedom, denounced the theory of evolution as dangerous to the state, and demanded y's exclusion from the schools. This remarkable metamorphosis is so im- portant, and has had so much influ- ence, yet has been so erroneously de- scribed, that I will deal with it some- what fully in the next chapter, espe- cially as I have then to treat one chief problem, the descent of man from the ape, For the moment, I will merely recall the fact that in Berlin, the “me- tropolis of intelligence,” as it has been called, the theory of evolution, now generally accepted, met with a more stubborn resistance than in most of our ‘other leading educational centers, and that this opposition was due above all to the powerful authority of Vir- chow, We can only glance briefly here at the victorious struggle that the idea of evolution has conducted in the last three decades of the nineteenth cen- tury. The violent resistance that Dar- winism encountered nearly every- where in its early years was paralyzed towards the end of the, first decade. in the year 1866-1874 many works were published in which not only. were the foundations of the theory sclen- tifiecally strengthened, but its genera) ecognition..was secured by popular treatment of, the subject. I made the first attempt in 1866, in my “General Morphology,” to present connectedly the witole epee of evolution and E —_ & 7 ° a ateireeae -_ ——- I found comfort and | make it the foundation of a consistent Monistic philosophy; ,and I then gave a popular summary of. my chief con- clusions in the ten,,editions of my “History of Creation.” Jn my “Evolu- tion of Man” I made the first attempt to apply the principles, of evolution thoroly and consistently. to man, and draw up a hypothetical list of his ani- mal ancestors. The three volumes of my “Systematic Phylogeny” (1894- 1896) contain a fuller outline of a nat- ural classification or.organisms on tle basis of their stem-bistory, Ther¢ have been important contributions tc the science of evolution in all its branches in the Darwinian periodical, “Cosmos,” since 1877;,.and a number of admirable popular works helped to spread the system. However, the most important and most welcgme advance, was made by | Selence when, in the last thirty years, the idea of evolution penetrated into every branch of biology, and was rec- | ognized as fundamental and indispen- |sable. Thousands of new discoveries and obseryations in, all. sections of |botany, zoology, protistology, and an- |thropology, were brought forward as empirical evidence of evolution. This is especially true of. the remarkable progress of paleontology, compardlive anatomy, and embryology, but it ap- plies also to physiology, chorology (the science of the distribution of liv- ing things), and oecology (the descrip- tion of the habits of animals). How much our horizon wag extended by these, and how much the unity of our Monistic system gained, can be seen in any modern manual,of biology. If we compare them with.those that gave 1s extracts of natural history forty or fifty years ago, we see at once what an enormous advance has taken place. Even the more remote branches of an- thropological science, éthnography, sociology, ethics, and jurisprudence, are entering into closer lations with the theory of evolution, and can noj Trabajo (anarchist) and the Union ae Last Words on Evolution longer escape its influence. In view of all this, it is ridiculous for theolog- ical and metaphysical journals to talk, as they do, of the failure of evolution and “the death-bed of Darwinism.” Our science of evolution won its greatest triumph when, at the begin- ning of the twentieth century, its most powerful opponents, the churches, became reconciled to it, and endeavored to bring their dogmas into line with it. A number of timid at- ‘empts to do so had been made in the oreceding ten years by different free- hinking theologians and philosophers, yut without much success. The dis- tinction of accomplishing this in a comprehensive and well-informed man- ner was reserved for a Jesuit, Father Erich Wasmann of Luxemburg. This able and learned entomologist had already earned some recognition in in zoology by a series of admirable observations on the life of ants, and the captives that they always keep in their homes, certain very small in- sects which have themselves been cu- riously modified by adaptation to their peculiar environment. He showed these striking modifications can only. be rationally explained by descent from other free-living species of in- sects. The various papers in which Wasmann gave a thoroly Darwinian explanation of the biological phenom- ena first appeared (1901-1903) in the Catholic periodical, “Stimmen aus Maria-Laach,” and are now peing col- lected in a special work entitled “Modern Biology and the Theory of By J. AR. (Special to The Daily Worker) MADRID—(By Mail)—The two!| trade union organizations existing in| Spain, the Confederacion Nacional del Jose Mora y del Rio, archbishop of Mexico, very old and ill, is the leader of the Roman catholic hierarchy in Mexico, His years of training in reactionary activities of the catholic church In Mexico have, despite, his ill- ness, fitted him té conduct the struggle, that promis last, for the maintéhance of the church power In a land that teonow’ gov- erned by pais |g are attempting to break the shackles | Aged Archbishop Heads Fight of Catholic Church for Mexican Power to bevone of the Farewell, Comrade Felix Dzerzhinsky ordinary natural simplicity. * That is why he enjoyed such authority, that is why his personality was so fascinat- ing, that is why he was so beloved. An extraordinary sincerity towards the cause was united in him with a tremendous abundance of true human feeling for the men, This severe pres- ident of the Cheka was in fact a be witching human personality, a splen- did comrade for all those who went the thorny path.of the revolution. Dzerzhinsky’s Vacation. Not so long ago Comrade Dzerzhin sky had a “vacation.” This “vacation” consisted of a day and night inspec. tion of the metal works of the south Dzerzhinsky returned even more ill than before from this “vacation.” For no one felt our needs so sharply, with such anguish, with such disturbance, as this fighter. He literally suffered because of every failure, be it ever so small. With every one of his steps he disproved the notorious “proverb” that “near is my shirt, but nearer is my skin.” Care for the common weal, for great and small, gnawed at him incessantly and compelled him to give all his energy to the very last, to a sort of furious exhaustion. As Dzerz- hinsky went at every task with the greatest conscientiousness, he forgot himselfentirely. And. he burnt away like a torch, which lights the read to the great future of humanity. For, our party, for its unity, for the dictatorship of our class, this remark- able man lived and died. His chief testament is: Unity, determined work, creative deeds, struggle. It will be carried out, and the victory will be complete. With this thought there is bound up the unforgettable figure of our dear comrade, Farewell, brother! loyal’ fighter! Farewell, our By ERNEST HAECKEL evolution.” This remarkable book of Wasmann’s is a masterpiece of Jesuitical sophis- try. It really consists of three en- tirely different sections. The first third gives, in the introduction, what is, for catholics, a clear and instruct- ive account of. modern biology, espt- cially the cell-theory, and the theory of evolution (chapters i,-viii). The second third, the ninth chapter, is the most valuable part of the work. It has the title: “The Theory of Fixity or the Theory. of Evolution?” Here the learned entomologist gives an in- teresting account of the results of his prolonged studies on the morplology and the eecology of the ants and their captive, the. myrmecophilae. He shows impartially and convincingly that these complicated and remark- able phenomena can only be explairfea by evolution, and that the older doc- trine of the fixity and independent creation of the various species is quite untenable. With a few changes this ninth chapter could figure as a useful. part of a work by Darwin or Weismann or some other evolutionist. The succeeding chapter (the last third). ig flagrantly inconsistent with the ninth. It deals most absurdly with the application of the theory of evolution to man. The reader has to ask himself whether Wasmann really believes these confused and ridiculous notions, or whether hg merely aims at befogging his readers, and so prepar- ing the way for the acceptance of the conventional creed. a Towards Spanish Trade Union Unity General Detrabajadores — (reformist) have always ‘been against Spanish trade union unity. The anarchist and socialist leaders, betrothed to the satus quo, have never answered the masses’ cry for unity. The fruitless tactic of both organ- izations with regard to the actual mili- tary dictatorship has awakened the desire ‘for unity of the Spanish prole- tarlat. These desires have manifest- ed themselves by the acclaim accord- ed the British-Russian ‘committee, The Conference for Unity in August. The Trade Union Federation of San Sebastian has convoked a conference to be opened in August to study. ways and means. of carrying into practice the Spanish trade union movement for unity, Some sections of the C. N, T. and U. G. T. and many other independent unions will attend the conference; it is also said that Edo Fimmen and A. A. Purcell wit also’ appear. : This conference is the first serious step ever taken towards unity and it promises to be a great success, Socialists and Polloe Against Unity. “Eu Socialista,” the socialist organ, is making an intense campaign against the conference. The national commit- tee of the U, G, T. will not allow its members to attend, The anarchists are following the same policy, At the same time the police are try- ing to break the conference. The cen- sorship does not permit the Commu- nist paper “La Antorcha” to publish any appeals for the conference, not even the list of adhesions, They even dare to sequestrate the mail address- ed to the San Sebastian Federation. Primo de Rivera and the Socialists. While the socialist party is work- ing against. the unity movement, and collaborating with Primo de Rivera, the socialist leaders have decreed that the party must show their gratitude to Primo de Rivéra for his opposition to the Spanish Communtat movement, wa eh hh ‘WITH THE STAFF | ! | Being Things From Here and ! There Which Have Inspired | Us to Folly or Frenzy “HORSES! HORSES! HORSES!” Introducing James J. Davis, secre- tary of labor, who will now deliver his usual speech against bolshevism in America. eee Scriptures Made Easy for Scissorbills. CHAPTER XI (Wherein Jesus becomes @ tired radical, hides in the woods, breaks with the Left Wing and becomes @ disciple of Abe Cahan and an advocate of class collaboration: From the gospel of Saint Bruce.) Fresh from the carpenter shop came Jesus to stand and listen with the rest to John the Baptist. Did he see himself cast in a role like John’s, a voice in thé wilder- ness, crying destruction? There is some evidence to make us think so. He went away from John’s camp and hid himself in the woods, and there for forty days and nights he fought the thing thru. But at the end his mind was made up. His place was among his fellows. For a time his preaching bore a decided resemblance to John’s. He, too, talked of the imminence of the kingdom of heaven and warned his hearers that time was short. But little by little the note of warning diminished. God ceased to be the stern, unforgiy- ing judge and became the loving, heavenly father. He was less and less the prophet, so much so that John—imprisoned—began to be tortured by doubts. Was this Jesus really the man j whom he had hoped would carry on his work? What were these / rumors that came to him of Jesus’ conduct, his presence at par- ties... ? John sent two of his disciples to watch and ask. Jesus refused to argue or defend. “I MUST BE MYSELF.” We err if we think of Jesus as a social outsider. To be sure it was the poor who heard him, and most of his close disciples were of the lower classes. But there was a time when he was quite the favorite in Jerusalem. INTRODUCING MR. BABBITT. In closing his report, Harry M. Love, Keeper of the Seals of the Knights of Pythias, recalled the words of Grand Chancellor Wetmore in support of a more helpful Pyth- ianism—as follows: H} ec, [| “The particular line of work we tackle doesn’t matter so much, but What does count is the spirit in . which we go at it. Therefore, let's i grab the chance and show the world that Pythians are real human he- men, with the braing and energy to .* put on a whirlwind campaign for the elevation, the happiness, the bet» terment, of mankind,” CALL A YELLOW “SCAB”, a “For safety call a Yellow,” is the } slogan of the open-shop, guaranteed 4 hand-painted Yellow Cab company. ik That don’t mean safety to the pedes- i tria offered a medal to any pe away from their m » 5