The Daily Worker Newspaper, August 5, 1926, Page 6

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— Page Six THE DAILY WORKER Published by the DAILY WORKER PUBLISHING CO. 1113 W. Washington Blvd., Chicago, Ill, Phone Monroe 4732 Bi acsetitneerrprseneetn SUBSCRIPTION RATES By maii (in Chicago only): | By mall (outside of Chicago): $8.00 per year $4.50 six months | $6.00 per vear $3.50 six months $2.50 three months $2.00 three months Address all mail and make out checks to THE DAILY WORKER, 1113 W. Washington Bivd., Chicago, Ilinols — .. Editors J. LOUIS ENGCDAHL \ Ef” WILLIAM F. DU MORITZ J. LOEB. Entered as second-class mail September 21, 1923, at the post-office at Cht- cago, lil, under the act of March 3, 1879, Bigs 290 e Advertising rates on application. The Injunction Scores Another Hit Two officers of the Amalgamated Association of Street and ..Business Manager Electric Railway Employes were sentenced to ninety days in jail by Federal Judge Baltzell of Indianapolis, because of their connection with a strike of street railway employes in that city. The union leaders were found guilty of contempt for violation of an injunction issued by the same judge before the strike was called on July 5. They defied the injunction quite properly and have been punished by the legal arm of the traction company. Indianapolis is the headquarters of several of the largest and most powerful unions in the A. F. of L. Three of the strongest are the Typographical Union, the United Mine Workers of America and the. Brotherhood of Carpenters and Joiners. deposit large sums of money in Indianapolis banks and no doubt the officials of these organizations, being interested in capitalist polities, have relationships with municipal and state politicians. 2 Yet it appears that a finger has not been lifted by the official labor movement in defense of the victims of the injunctior. If those men were Communists the reactionary labor leaders would gladly use the fact as an exeuse for their inertia. But they are not. They are pure and simple trade unionists, who apparently have not yet reached the conclusion that a union’s only function is to act as an auxiliary to the companies, as so many of our labor leaders have. While -the Indianapolis leaders of the carmen are fighting to win a strike, we have the spectacle of other officials of the same organization in Chicago, selecting MacLay Hoyne, a former red- baiting state’s attorney and official of a notorious detective agency, to represent their members in wage negotiations with the traction companies. The use of the injunction in industrial disputes is one of the most valuable and effective weapons in the hands of the employers. It is used indiscriminately against radical and conservative. The employers are not so much concerned with ‘the political beliefs of a labor leader, during a strike, as they are with his willingness and ability to fight in a fashion that promises to win concessions for the workers at the expense of the boss. Trouble Ahead The originators of the Dawes plan for Germany can see trouble looming in the distance. Germany will begin to have real fun with the plan about two years from now when her payments will stagger around $600,000,000 annually, quite a respectable sun even in those days of large campaign contributions. Now, reason the experts, if France accepts her share of the boodle in commodities her fac- tories will hang out the tear bag. So a way must be found out of the dilemma. The experts believe there is a way out. To soften the wallop, Germany would be allowed to export “producers’ goods” for the development of French North Africa. France would receive payment in the form of the increased wealth of her colonial possessions: Or Russia may be the solution. An editorial in the New York Times seems to think so. Russia is in need of “producers’ goods.” German mannfactures produced with foreign capital could be de- livered to Rus and the latter would recognize the two billion dol- lar debt to France. The Times also thinks that business can soon be transacted with the Russian government. Indeed! The capitalists are in a dilemma. Like the skeptical sinner, “they are damned if they do and they are damned if they don’t.” “] WILL FIGHT ON UNTIL PRESENT REGIME IS OVERTHROWN,” DECLARES WEINBERGER BEFORE HORTHY JUDGE BUDAPEST, Hungary, July 14.—(By Imprecorr)—-The first defendant to be examined today was Comrade Zolten Weinberger. He was sentenced to 15 years imprisonment at hard labor after the fall of the dictatorship, but was freed by exchange of prisoners with the Soviet Union, After living in Russia for a short time he returned in May, 1925 to Hungary with a false passport under the name of Hegedus to work in the illegal movement to- gether with Rakost. oe “No persecution nor tortura canffirst proceéded against -the radical prevent me from fulfilling my revolu-| workers by expelling them from the tionary duty. I will fight on until/party,” declared Weinberger, “they the present regime of capitalists and|then delivered them over to the police landowners shall have been over-jand finally had them brought to trial. thrown, The formation of the Vagi group was ‘The President: “What was the pur-|a natural step in the course of events, pose of your work here?” Create Lega! Communist Party. The working class could not be sat- isfied with the policy of the social-de- Weinberger; “To create a legal|mocracy; it had to turn against the Communist Party in Hungary, a party|social-democracy. The Vagi group such as exists in all civilized coun-|had however nothing to do with the fries. Even jin Italy and in Poland,|Communist Party. | The social-demo- where the Communists have been|crats participated im the first counter- forced to go underground, the Commu-|revolutionary movement, which exe- nists are able to send deputies to/cuted numerous Communist workers parliament. and leaders, The two editors of the g Comrade Weinberger than eluci-|‘Nepszaya,’ Somogyi and Bacso, were dates the mistakes which were made in Hungary in 1919. The greatest error was the lack of a great Com- munist Party organizing the masses. Comrade Weinberger then deserib- ed the treason of the social-democratic murdered, but the social-emocratic leader Vanczak shook hands with Hor- thy and offered. to-conclude a pact with him. The seeial democracy even concluded a pact with the Bethlen gov- ernment, which evén Kautaky con- leaders during the dictatorship, demned, The | democrat Horo- Soclal Democrat, _ | vita denounced munists to the “The socialdemocratic leaders ab! yolice” ——— ee oy! A RRB Iara a PT ¥ —— . Note.—This article is a continua- tion of the first chapter of Ernest Haeckel’s book, “Last Words on Evolution,” which is now appearing in The DAILY WORKER serially. This chapter deals with “The Con- | troversy About Creation, Evolution and Dogma.” | By ERNEST HAECKEL. In order to obtain a clear idea and a firm conviction of this cosmic evo- lution by natural law, the eternal birth and death of millions of suns and st&rs, one needs some mathemati- cal training and lively imagination, as well as a certain competence in’ as- |tronomy and physics. The evolution- ary process is much simpler, and more readily grasped in geology. Every |shower of rain or «wave of»the sea, every volcanic eruption and every peb- ble gives us a direct proof of the changes that are constantly taking place on the surface of our planet. However, the historical significance of these changes was not properly appre- ciated until 1822, by Karl von Hoff of Gotha, and modern geology was only founded in 1830 by Charles Lyell, who explained the whole origin and com- position of the solid crust of the earth, the formation of the mountains, These whions]and the periods of the earth's develop- (ment, in a connected system by nat- ural laws. From the immense thick- ness of the stratified rocks, which con- tain the fossilized remains of extinct organisms, we discovered the enor- mous length—running into millions of years of the pegiods during which these sedimentary rocks were depos- ited in water. Even the duration of the organic history of the earth—that is to say, the period during which the plant and animal population of our planet was developing—must itself be put at more than a hundred million |years. These results of geology and paleontology destroyed the current legend or the six days’ work of a per- sonal creator. Many attempts were made, it is true, and are still being made, to reconcile the Mosaic super- natural story of creation with mod- etn geology.t All these efforts of be- lievers are in vain. We may say, in fact, that it is precisely the study of seology, the reflection it entails on the study of geology, the reflection it eftails on the enormous periods of evolution, and the habit of seeking the simple mechanical causes of their con- stant changes, that contribute very considerably to the advance of en- lightenment. Yet in spite of this (or, possibly, because of this), geological instruction is either greatly neglected or entirely suppressed in most’schools. Tt'Ys certainly eminently calculated (in cénnection with geography) to enlarge the mind, and acquaint the child with the Sdea of evolution. An éducated person who knows the elements of geology will never experience ennui. He’ will find everywhere in surround- ihg nature, in the rocks and in the water, in the desert and on the moun- tains, the most instructive stimuli to reflection. : The evolutionary process in organic nature is much more difficult to grasp. Here we must distinguish two differ- ent series of biological development, which have only been brought into proper causal connection by means of our biogenetic law (1866); one series is found in embryology (or ontogeny), the other in phylogeny (or race-devel- opment). In Germany “evolution” al- ways meant embryology, or a part of the whole, until forty years ago. It stood for a microscopic examination of the wonderful processes by means of which the elaborate structure of the plant or animal body is formed from the simple seed of the plant or the egg of the bird. Until the beginning of the nineteenth century the erro- tSee for instance. “Moses and Geology, or Harmony of the Bible «with Science,” by Samuel Kinns (1882). In this work the pious Biblical astronomer executes the most incredible and Jesuitical ma- neuvers in order to bring about an im- possible reconciliation between science and the Biblical narrative. The President: “That is Mbel!” Comrade Weinberger: ‘Then there can't be any greater libel than to be valled a, social-democratic leader.” “The living conditions of the Hun- garian workers,” continues Comrade Weinberger, “are worse than those of Chinese coolies. They have no polit- ical freedom. Hundreds of our com- rades have already been haled before the class courts in Hungary, but nev- ertheless new comrades are continu- ally returning from exile-in order to build up a Communist movement here, without stopping to consider what awaits them, It is not reasons of a material nature bat their convictions which move them to do this. ” When asked about his own activity, Comrade Weinberger #tates that’ he worked in the youth organization In order to educate the young workers to expose and discard their social- democratic leaders. “I did so ‘in ac- cordance with Lenin’s motto, that he who wishes to win in the revolution must win the youth.” The President: “Is the Vagi Party Communistic?” / Comrade Weinberger: The President: goal?” Comrade Weinberger: “Our goal was the establishment of a le- gal Communist movement., As long as this goal is not reached the work must be done Illegally.” Paul Jukasz was then examined. Josef Mitterer @n’jexamination de- clared that heventi the Vagi Party because there was no Communist Party. He belonged. to the opposition ¢ “No.” “What was your only THE DAILY WORKER neous view was generally received hat this marvelously complicated structure existed, completely formed, in the simple ovum, and that the va- rious organs had merely to grow and to shape themselves independently by a process of “evolution” (or unfolding) before they enteréd into activity. An able German scientist, Caspar Fried- rich Wolff (son of a Berlin tailor), had “already shown the error of this “pre-formation theory” in 1759. He had proved, in his dissertation for the doctorate, that no trace of the later body, of its bones, muscles, nerves, and feathers, can be found in the hen’s egg (the commonest and most conve- nient object for study), but. merely a small round disk, consisting of two thin superimposed:slayers.. He had further showed that:the various or- gans are only bullt:up gradually out of these simple elements, and that we can trace, step by step, a series: of real new growths. However, these momentous discoveries, and the sound “theory of epigenesis’’ that he based on them, were wholly ignored for fifty years, and even rejected by the lead- ing authorities. It was not until Oken had re-discovered these important facts at Jena (1806), Pander has more carefully distinguished the germinal layers (1817), and finally Carl Ernst von Baer had happily combined ob- servation and reflection in his classi- cal “Animal Embryology” (1828), that embryology attained’ the rank of an independent science with a sound em- pirical base. A little later it secured a well-mer- ited recognition in b®tany also, espe- cially owing to the efforts of Matthias Schleiden of Jena, the distinguished student who provided biology with a new foundation in the “cell theory” (1838). But it was not until the mid- dle of the nineteenth century that peo- ple generally recognized that the ovum of the plant or animal is itself only a simple cell, and that the later tissues and organs gradually develop from this “elementary organism” by a re- peated cleavage of, and division of labor in, the cells. The most impor- tant step was then made of recogniz- ing that our human organism also de- velops from an ovum (first discovered by Baer in 1827), in virtue of the same laws, and that its embryonic de- velopment resembles that of the other mammals, especially that of the ape. Each of us was, at the beginning of his existence, a simple globule of .proto- plasm, surrounded by a membrane, about 1-120 of an inch in diameter, with »# firmer nucleus inside it. These important embryological discoveries confirmed the rational conception of the human organism that.had been attained much earlier by comparative anatomy: the conviction that the hu- man frame’is built in the same way, and develops similarly from a simple ovum, as the body of all other mam- mals, Even Linne had,already (1735) given man a place in the mammal class in his famous “System of Na- ture.” Differently from these embryological facts, which can be directly observed, the phenomena of phylogeny (the de- velopment of species), which are need- ed to set the former‘in their true light, are-usually outside the range of }I need not dwell on them. Last Words ‘on. Evolution immmediate observation. What was the origin of the countless species of ant- mals and plants? How can we explain the remarkable relationships which unite similar species into genera and these into classes? Linne answers the question very simply with the be- lef in creation, relying on the gen- erally accepted Mosaic narrative: “There are as many different species of animals and plants as there were different forms created by God in the beginning.” The first scientific an- swer was given in 1809 by the great French scientist, Lamarck. He taught, in his suggestive “Philosophie Zoo- logique,” that the resemblances in form and structure of groups of spe- cies are due to:veal affinity, and that all organisms descend from a few very simple primitive forms (or possibly, from a single one). These!primitive forms were deyeloped out of lifeless mattef by spontaneous generation. The rfsemblances of related groups of species are explained by inheritance from common stemforms; their dis- similarities are due to adaptation to different environments, and to variety in the action of the modefiable organs. The human race has arisen in the same way, by transformation of a se- ries of mammal ancestors, the near- est of which ere ape-like primates, These great ideas of Lamarck, which threw light on the whole field of or- ganic life, and were closely approached by Goethe in his own speculations, gave rise to the theory that we now know as transformism, or the theory of evolution or descent. But the far- seeing Lamarck was—as Caspar Fried- rich Wolff had been fifty years before —half a century before his time. His theory obtained no recognition, and was soon wholly forgotten. It was brought into the light once more in 1859 by the genius of Charles Darwin, who had been born in the very year that the “Philosophie Zoo- logique” was published. The sub- stance and the success of his system, which has gone by the name of Dar- winism (in the wider sense) for forty- six years, are so generally known that I will only point out that the great success of Darwin’s epoch-making works is due to two causes: firstly, to the fact that the English scientist most ingeniously worked up the empirical material that had accumulated during fifty years into a systematic proof of the theory of descent; and second, to the fact that he gave it the support of a sec- ond theory of his own, the theory of natural selection. This theory which gives a causal explanation of the transformation of species, is what we ought to call “Darwinism” in the strict sence. We cannot go here into the question how far this theory is just fied, or how far it is corrected by more recent theories, such as Weismann’s theory of germ-plasm (1844), or De Vries’s theory of mutations (1900). Our concern is rather with the un- paralleled influence that Darwinism. and its application to man, have had during the last forty years on the whole province of science; and at the same time, with its irreconcilable op- position to the dogmas of the churches. (To be continued.) iat Dusty Dreamers By JIM WATERS. in Jones street with gnarléd limbs and dusty, worm-eaten leaves that drones languidly in the sun. For forty years it sheltered old man Rafferty on summer evenings after a hard day’s work. Now he sits there in the morning smoking his pipe, he sits there in the evening smoking his pipe, Dreaming of the days his gnarled limbs and dusty wrinkled face quickened to the high-life There's an old stunted oak at McGinty’s saloon. MRS. SAM INSULL HAS TETE-A-TETE WITH REPORTER Speaks for the Public for First Time By Our Retiring Reporter, The lovely wife of Samuel Insull was graciousness personified when your very. retiring reporter was ush- ered into her presence. Beaming like the rays of a gas jet on a dark alley, the magnate’s lady led me queenly- like to a diyan on which she com- manded me to squat, I sunk sighing into its: plushioned depths and hoped that I might get marooned there. Have Soft Time, I to myself, ‘they are living the life of Reilly.” I had not much time to ruminate. Mrs. Insull, tho too hospitable to seem insistent, nevertheless managed to drop a hint that celerity on my part was the better, part of wisdom. She did-things.so pleasantly that I almost hoped she would get real mad and swat me on the snout. i Getting the Habit. Having listened to Senator Reed yuizzing. the» quizzed in the federal building. for. several days, I began to get the habits of a quizzer, much against my will. “Will you please tell me your name and where you live?” I began. She complied. “Now,” I continued, “would you mind telbing me the name of your hus- band and his business?” “Samuel Insull,” she replied, “utility man and philanthropist.” “What is your occupation or pro- fession when you are working at it?” was my next question. “I am.an actress by trade and a wife by profession,” she answered, “and I am employed by the firm of Insull and company,” “Did. you or did you not,” I quizzed, “ever appear in a farce called ‘The School for Scandal'?” ’ They Had a Feeling. “Yes,” she replied, “bit in the in- terests. of public clarity I might ex- plain that my appearance was only by way of.reheargal for the slush fund quiz. You 'see, Sam and myself could ‘eel this thing coming. My husband hasan uncanny faculty for looking into the. future. We are not star- zazers, but he purchased land at Niles Center when it wasn’t worth the mos- mitos thet inhabited it. Nobody could now that, it ever would be worth any- hing. Then Sam had an elevated run 1p there and an electric line run out uongside of it and up into Wisconsin. Now, thé land is worth so much that ny husband could finance several sen- atrial Campaigns out of the unearned ‘ncrement, as the single taxers say, and have enough left over to teach Madam Ganna Walska how to warble. 30 it was not difficult for Samuel to see slush’ coming.” I nodded approval. Mrs, Samuel was making a fine witness. .“The public would be pleased to ‘snow whether you or your husband will take the role in the next edition of ‘The School for Scandal,’” I asked. "The Show Is On. “You silly thing,” she gushed, “don’t you know that the show is now on and that Sami is the star. If Sam gets tired buying senators he and I may go into partnership and send our com- panies on the road. With the rapid disintegration of world capitalism, I can see no future for anything in the near future but slush and its by- products. Light, power and transpor- tation will soon be taken over by the state. This development will compel my husband to either go into politics for recreation or else become a vice- president of the United States. You may tell the public thru The DAILY WORKER that he will do neither.” =o a in the social-lemocracy long before he joined the Vagi group. He did not consider the Vagi Party Communistic, The President: “You made different statements to the ce.” Police Club Prisoners, Mitterer: “I was brutally maltreat- ed by them. I have @ running ear and neck trouble because of this maltreat- ment. ‘ The President: ‘There ig no men- tion of that in the medical certificate.” Mitterer: “The prison doctor treat- ed me two weeks.” . The President: (You. made the same statement to the public prosecu- tor that you did to;the police,” Mitterer: “Because I feared that I would again be handed over to the police.” rs) . Peter Szabo, who’worked in the or- ganization of the Vagi Party and was in the Agricultural Workers’ Union was examined, ‘ ie | Szabo brought out that he was forced to sign a confession after a most severe clubbing. Albert Lakatos who attended the party school was asked by the presi- dent: “Are you convinced that the Communist Party pursues the right goal?” Lakatos: “Yes, sir!” - Lakatos also testified that he had been forced to sign a confession af- ter being clubbed by police, Kral Kis also mentioned manhand- ling by police. The President: “gut the police doc- tor found no mar! f punishment on you.” Comrade Kis: "Ne wonder, . for. ) there wasn’t much to be seen two weeks after I was beaten.” Comrade Kis did not work in the illegal movement. He had attended the party school. Stefan Keller also attended the party school, The President: “Why did you re- sign from the socjal-democracy?” Keller: “Because it made agree- ments with the bourgeoisie.” The President: “Do you know the aims of the Communist Internation- al?” Comrade Keller: “I know the his- tory of the First and Second Interna- tionals and have also studied the his- tory of the Third International.” Communist International. The President: “Do you know that the Communist International wants to emancipate the proletariat by the use of arme@ force?” * Comrade Keller: “Of course, since every oppressed class can only eman- cipate itself by the use of force, by “Are you fighting for this idea?” Comrade Keller: ing for this idea.” The President: “Did you receive In- structions?” Comrade Keller: “I promised to or- ganize the party.” The President: organizing work Comrade Kyl was arrested The Presid chad not been arrested, would y@u then have done or. “Yes, I am fight- “And did you do ’ “No, because I it Comrade Keller: “Of course.” The President: “Was Vagi talked of in the party schools?’ Comrade Keller: ‘‘No.” The President: “You admitted to the examining justice that the Vago Party is an illegal Communist Party.” Comrade Keller: “At that time I was out of my wits because of the death of my father; I didn’t know what I said and signed.” Leaves. Secial-Democrats. Comrade Eikolaus Petro declares that he resigned from the social-demo- cratic party im April, 1926 because this was not a proletarian class party but the left wing of the bourgeoisie and assisted the Jatter to suppress the proletariat. He had been member of the central committee of ithe social democratic party in Kispest. He at- tended the party school. At the begin- ning he considered the Vagi Party to be a real fighting party, but soon came to the conclusion that this was not the case. BK “Yellow” Press Silent, The “Nepszava,". organ of the s0- elal-democrats, does not make the slightest endeavor \to disprove the charges against the social-democratic leaders made in this trial before a Horthy court. The “8 Crai Ujsag” reports that Dr’ Kurt Rosenfeld, the Berlin social-dem- cratic deputy, was granted an inter: view with Rakos! inthe presence of a judge. “Damn the bloody bourgeoisie,” says cano ‘as the female, and the WITH THE STAFF Being Things From Here and | There Which Have Inspired Us to Folly or Frenzy Why Comets Leave . Home. “The function of a volcano is to produce. It obeys, as has been observed before, the’ laws of sex, in as much as it is the receptive, the female principle. The ancient Aryans worshipped nature in the way scientists must discover that nature. manifests itself, the meteor as the male, the vole fruits of their unison being creation,”—From “The Riddle of the Earth,” by Appian Way. bd The New. York Times reviews the book under the logical, if not geological head- ing of, “The In part it says: ex Life of the Volcano,” “Mr. Way drops the dark hint that the eternal feminine is at- tracting the wandering male. At any rate the first meteor to strike in @ certain. spot remains under- ground in a heated state and gives off this mysterious influence which draws other meteors from space to cause subsequent erup- tions, “How meteors having buried themselves in the earth can re- main hot for thousands of yeara, like the one he assumes is under the hot springs at Bath, doesn’t bother him much. The meteor was extremely large or perhaps ew- tremely hot. He takes great joy in observing that a voleano is likely to develop other craters near the main one. His own theory is that meteors are apt to miss their marke and fall to one side of the crater they are aiming at. “He thinks that comete are tremendous bodies, several times as large'as the moon, with tails of incandescent gases, whereas it is commonplace knowledge that they’re of small mass, with tails not trailing behind them, but driven off by light pressure from the sun.” eee Little Miss Muffet sat on a crater Eating some ashes and lava, When along came a comet and sat down beside her And asked her If she'd like to hav-a, “How dare you, Sir Comet,” Said fittle Miss Muffet, “Youemust think that I'm a voleane That goes around shaking And liberties taking, And vamping each meteor man-o.” | se JUSTIFIABLE HOMICIDE. Because her husband was not “@ “sport” and insisted upon wearing sus- penders instead of a belt, Mrs. Anna Heilman, mother of six, choked the man to death in the course of a quarrel during the night, following a moonshine debauch of many hours. From a Hearst paper, which neglected to unwind the antecedents in order to make clear whether Mrs, Hellman fe the mother of six belts or of three palr of twin suspenders, If yon support your family and your trousers, But neglect to heed the warning of your wife To lay. aside your President: sus- penders ; You are getting very reckless with your life, Though you may not be a French- » .man.or.a Tartar, And desire to be a sport yon’ve never felt, Nor appreciated colors of a gar. ters Tf you want to live, you better buy a belt. ne @ NO WONDER, Everett Sanders, ta r igre neat nce Fd ie isorder.—News it ro * Tell One “It ia absolutely false that the clergy has any agreement with interna- tional capital.” —Bishop Pascual Diaz of Tabasco, ¥ aide of Archbishop Mora. of Mewico. a 4 Spanaisumesneeritienin actitiemetsemtens ete a

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