The Daily Worker Newspaper, February 12, 1926, Page 5

1000 WORKER CORRESPONDENTS. ‘BY JANUARY 13 1927 THE DAILY’ WORKER Page Five — —— EN —————————— ——————— ———_ COMPENSATION LAW LITTLE AID TO THE WORKERS Boss and “Board Work Hand in Glove By M. ZITTEL, (Worker Correspondent) | SAGINAW, Mich., Feb,°10—While working for the Saginaw Cabinet com- pany I was ruptured. The ‘company Manager sent me to the company doc- tor for an examination. The doctor told me I had a rupture and‘that the only ‘way to cure it- was thru an’ op- eration, After I had been operated on and had -been in the Saginaw General'Hos- pital three weeks the doctor ordered me into’a wheelchair. Aftera few hours, I had to go back to bed and stay there for two weeks mone with a swollen leg. Offer “Light” Work. After two weeks, he took me home and ‘at home I had to’ stay thriteen more weeks in bed. After that I was able to sit up about two to three hours a day and after nine months I was ‘@ble to walk about seven or eight blocks. After this short walk my legs would swell like a rubber-balloon and as soon as the insurance company found out that I could get that short distance they stopped paying me com- pensation and arranged with my em- Ployers to give light work—a job at which I could sit down. Commissioner Aids Bosses. I did not want to accept the offer, 80 they brot me into a court before the labor commissioner from Lansing, Michigan, and gave me a hearing. The labor commisisoner said: “Well, Mr. Zittel, if you are able to walk seven or eight blocks you are able to go back to your job. What the Saginaw Cabinet company offers you is light work and a job to sit down. If you don’t take that offer you will be out of your compensation and also out of that job they now offer you,” So I took the job and went to work with a swollen leg. Everything went fine for-about six months, After that they wanted to put me on piece-work for a starving wage. I flatly refused. So they laid me off and sent me home, Now I am at home—an invalid with @ swollen leg—with no job, and no compensation. The employers of Michigan have got it so that they can cripple up @ man and get away with- out paying for it. The easy job they offer you is a trick to get you back to work in the shop and then get rid of you in one way or another no matter how hard you may work. The Saginaw Cabinet company makes radio and phonograph cabinets and before Christmas they were run- ming ten to eleven hours a day and fn some departments seven days a week, After New Years day they had reduced the working force 33 per cent and put in the piece-work system. Now they must work ag the crazy to make $4.50 a day. If old Saginaw had no slavery before, they certainly have it now. Building Laborers Joining the Union at Warren, Ohio By a Worker Correspondent WARREN, 0., Feb, 10 — An effort to organize the building trades’ labor- ers, is being made in Warren and judging by the results of a recent meeting good progress is being made. for workers are in a very encouraging way. : The common laborers in the mills here in this valley are not organized and the highly skilled iron and steel workers pay but little attention to them and “if they are to demand a living ‘wage it is up to the workers who labor long hours in the mills to get busy and organize themselves into a union of laborers and thus be in a position to demand their rights. Woman's Day. in the Communist movement. sonnection with Woman's Day. constitute a large This Week’s Prizes! This week's prizes for the best contributions by worker cor- respondents will differ somewhat from those previously offered. The first prize wiil be a valuable fountain pen. future when the Increased circulation thru the co-operation of our worker correspondents will permit we promise to offer a portable Now we must confine ourselves to a fountain pen, but even that is not a gift to be sneezed at by a worker correspondent, a useful tool in the trade of writing. The second prize will be Karl Marx's Capital, Volume No, 1, because we feel that every worker correspondent should familiarize typewriter. since it i himself with Marxian economics. The third prize will be Lenin on Organization, Volume 1, a valuable and necessary book for every worker correspondents library. It needs no furthen, recommendation, Who will be the hard workers next week? By NELLIE HALPERIN. Worker Correspondent. VERY thinking clothing worker knows;that we cannot stop. the in- troduction of. machinery in the cloth: ing industry,.any more than in any other industry, Tt is the duty of the union deputy to see to it that whenever machinery is introduced, the workers’ conditions should at least remain the same, if not become better than they formerly were. We all know that the introduc- tion and perfection of machinery in- creases the productivity of labor. In the present society the boss derives the full benefit of the increased pro- duction. The reactionary union offi- cialdom give the bosses a free hand in increasing exploitation by their class collaboration policy. About a’year and a half ago the bosses ~ introduced machines in the pressers’ section of Hart, Schaffner & Marx, Factory C. Formerly, by hand, the standard was 12 coats in eight hour's. At present, by machine, they are compelled to press 18 coats in eight “hours. this number their wages are docked. In some lines of production the ma- chine will produce the work faster, but in the pressers’ line it takes prac- tically the same amount of time, be- cause they want the coats well press- ed, so the workers have to rush all day long to finish their full amount of work, This rate was, accepted after the boss had chosen an examiner, “pace maker” andthe number of coats he could press in an hour, became. the Speed-ap System in Factory C, Hart, Schaffner and Marx Co. | | If they don’t. produce } : Our Need—A Fighting Amalgamated! In the near standard of production in the press- ers’ section. The union representa- tive, Brother Izovitch, did not object to these speed-up rates. He accepted them without any protest. The union officials must see that when a boss puts out his own representative it will naturally be to the boss’ own bene- fit. The union deputy should look in- to the matter and keep the bosses from getting these enormous profits thru greater exploitation of the work- ers, The pressers in factory C suffer a great deal. They only work from 4 to 5 hours a day, because of the increase in production. They make on an aver- age of $15 to $20 a week; in the slow season they make even less, The pressers in Factory C had a very great loss in their standard of living a@ raise in wages is a cut in wages. ‘because a raise in production without When the workers are forced to speed, to rush all day long, their health Wears down in a very short time. Every tailor knows how bad it is in our industry. Many tailors are forced to apply for help in charitable institutions, where- as the manufacturers are getting rich- er every day. And the speed-up sys- tem increases the army of unemploy- ed in our industry. We must call a halt to the manufac- turers as well as to the union official- dom,,.and demand the correction of such anbearable conditions. Class col- laboration brings us to degradation. Let us have a program based on class struggle. Only then will we get the better’ things of life. : By S. SIMON, Worker Correspondent, The working conditions in the Alfred Decker and Cohn shops are today much worse than they were many years ago, It is almost impossible at this time to stand the Action of the business agents, and the abuse of the work- ers by the’ bosses. The effectiveness of the union rule : that once prevailed Jn these shops is no more. Today the bosses and the business agents get together and make readjustments and reduce wages ¢———————_________—___— without, ever consulting or notifying ANNOUNCEMENT OF THE WOMAN'S DAY EDITION 'HE Communist International has set aside March 8, each year, as Special propaganda is carried on and an Intensive effort is made to enlist new masses of the women of the working class The DAILY WORKER is planning to get out a special issue in A whole page will be given over to worker correspondence stressing the special problems and narrating the experiences confronting women in industry. It is not too early to begin sending in this material. Women today reentage of the workers in almost every Industry. Eight million women are employed In industry in the United States. They are a big factor in many trade unions. The wives of workers have organized auxiliaries to many trade unions. Then. there are or- ganizations of ‘housewives that help draw the women in. the home into the broad stream of the workers’ struggles. ¥ Here is a wide field:that should enlist the best efforts of an ine creasing number of worker correspondents. Make the ‘items ‘short. The shorter the items, the more will find room on the page. all contributions marked Woman's Day Edition, 1113 West Washington Blydy Chicago, I, the workers involved. A recent. example of such deals could be seen by the following occurrence in our section, How Officials Betray Workers. Not long ago our section, lining basting, ,was informed by the firm that additional work had been added to our section operation. The work added to this operation is worth 3 cents, while the price pald was 1% cent, This arrangement was made be- tween Reichler for the firm and the business agent, Mike D. E. Novi, with- out the knowledge of the workers in the section. The entire section refused to do the additional Work for this price. They felt that the firm was putting something ‘over on them. All of the workers: weres charged with making a stoppage by the bosses, A, stoppage is a serious charge, All our explain- ing did us no good, and two workers were discliargéd “outright, without the protest of the business agent, while: the rest of the: workers in the seotion were suspended for two days, Fire Two Militants, The discharge of the two workers Sénd in The DAILY WORKER, ples arog ety from our section brought forth a pro- test from. practically the whole shop. The business agent, realizing that the discharge is not the best thing that could have been done, made other ar- rangements whereby those two work- ers were reinstated. “Justice” From Bureaucrats. This is a sample of the justice that we workers get from our union offi- cials. The most active and fighting workers of the shop and union are al- ways threatened with the loss of their FORD ACQUITTAL SHOULD ENCOURAGE FIGHT FOR CLASS WAR PRISONERS RICHARD FORD. The central executive committee of the Workers Party thru its gen- eral secretary, C. E. Ruthenberg is- sued the following statement: The acquittal of Richard Ford, one of the chief victims of the Calli- fornia capitalists should encourage the working class to make new ef- forts for the release of all class war prisoners. California, heralded by its ruling class as the “golden state” is in reatity the blackest state in the union for the workers. California Is universally notorious for its brutal persecution of labor. It Is the golden state of the open shop and the frame-up. The con- spiracy against Mooney and Bill- ings; the jailing of scores of 1. W W.'s under the infamous criminal syndicalism law, the life imprison- ment of McNamara, Kaplan and Schmidt and the persecution of Anita Whitney demand redres' The Workers Party urges Its members andthe entire work- ing class to support the Internation- al Labor Defense in its fight to free all the victims of capitalism in Cali- fornia and elsewhere and to help wipe the laws against freedom of Speech, press and assemblage off the statute books. STEEL TRUST DECLARES HUGE TOLL OF PROFITS 1925 Profits Greatest Since War Time Profits, profits and more profits. Each day the financial sections of the press are filled with corporation state- ments for 1925 which belie the claim that profit margins are narrowing. If 1925 profits are narrow, nothing short of excess war profits, will satisfy the voracious profiteers. U. S. Steel is just out with its state- ment showing a profit of $42,280,465 for the last 3 months of 1925. This brings the year’s profit of Gary’s trust to $165,188,090. Outside of the 3 years 1916-1918, in which the war gave the steel barons an unexampled oppor- tunity to rook their fellow citizens, 1925 profits have been exceeded only twice in the corporation’s history. $12.82 in Watered Stock. The 1925 profit means a return of jobs and the membership is being ter- orized in one way or another, Need Fighting Amalgamated. What we need is a good, strong, healthy, fighting union. To get this we must fight against the making of "such deals with the bosses without the consultation of the workers envolved, ‘We must fight the bosses in the shop as we used to do in years past. We want a strong, healthy, fighting Amal- ‘gamated. |HONOR ROLL OF WORKERS AIDING PRESS M. Esterkin, Cincinnati, O 1.00 Polish Br., Pullman, Ill. - 1,84 Finnish Br. W. P., Kirkland, . Wash, 10.00 “Vilnis” share-holders, Chicago 37.55 J, Suzich, Woodlawn, Pa, 1.50 F, By Saag Hastings-on-Hud- son, N. Y, » 2.50 DAILY WORKER party, Los Angeles, Calif. ... 90.00 Freiheit Club, South Bend, Ind. 20,00 Avella, Pa., coal miner . 5.00 German Br, W. P., San cisco, Calif, ... 16.20 Walter Paananen, W. Concord, N. H. (collected) 1.00 A. Checkanovsky, Chicago 1.50 Shop Nucleus No. 3, Detroit, Mich, ... 5.00 S. Martinchek, Chicago . 1.00 Total today $200.09 Previously reported 34,309.26 vag oar Total totlate $34,509.85 tLe ~ Watch the Sa Magazine Section for speek, ‘to your f $12.82 a share on the $508,000,000 common stock, This common stock originally represented no real invest- ment. Its value today is entirely due to the reinvestment of exorbitant pro- fits in previous years. Bethlehem Steel’s 1925 profit amounted to $38,988,742, This is an increase of nearly $5,000,000 over SEES ONLY TWO PATHS FOR THE LW. W. TC USE Choice Reltwreus Marx and E, P. Anarchism By HENRY GEORGE WEIS® | ame has ever seen, CZAR SELLS By JOHN GAB BISMARCK, N. D., Feb. 10—Mr. now defunct non-partisan league, has be to show oil. CASUAL REVIEWS A review this time, not of a }ok,| but of a condition. in a bad shape, Not even its most) ardent supporters can deny this. Ahd| yet how many fellow workers realize} why the assertion is true. The other day a fellow worker remarked to me} that he thot the Industrial Unionist, official organ of the Emergencyites, a better edited paper than either the}! Industrial Worker or Industrial Soli- | darity. “Somehow it seems to read with more of a punch,” he finished. And he was right; it does; and the reason why it does is very simple. The leaders of the E. P. are anarche- syndicalists pure and simple... They know what they want, and are united on the policy to pursue in getting tt. Hence every article in their paper harmonizes as to thot and tactic with every other article published: The re- sult is to give the reader a feeling'of unity, of oneness, so sorely lacking in} his own two publications; Unity on a Wrong Theory. The significant fact that this sensed’ unity reflects merely the determina- tion of the E. P. leaders to build up an organization based more loosely on anarchist philosophy and local auton- omy, than along the lines of one big industrial union highly centralized so} as to conform to the evolution of. in- dustry itself, escapes the majority of) E, P, readers. An impression of sol-| idarity, of unity, is given then, by leaders acting as one man to achieve @ certain thing, regardless of how} weak in itself the thing they seek to achieve may be. For the same reason inverted, the official papers of 3333 Belmont give an impression of disunity. , The Belmont leaders do NOT know what they want. | They visualize themselves as between the devil and the deep sea, «To veer on the side of industrial. unionism pure and simple will inevitably bring them into working harmony with the Communists; brings them into the ranks of the E. P. Middle Course Impossible, Some fellow workers will doubtless retort that they will adopt 4 middie course, veering neither to ‘right nor left; but as I have poihted out the middle path is the path of hesitation, of indecision.“ To follow it very far can only lead to further losses in membership. True, the Marine Trans- port Workers’ Union is looking up; but only because it has adopted the correct Marxian attitude toward other | transport unions not seeing politically | or industrially eye to eye with them. | Its salvation lies in pursuing this cor- rect tactic. The leaders of the I. W. W. as a| whole must be brot to realize that) the middle path is the path of liqui- dation for their organization. The pol-| icy of isolation now can benefit no | one but the bosses. To veer to the ranks of the E. P. can but sthrow thousands of trusting workers into the ranks of the anarcho-syndicalists—in- | to the ranks of potential counter-revo- lutionists, The Hopeful Road to Power. On the other hand, they can throw overboard their anarcho-syndicalist tendencies, become Marxians in real- ity, and help write revolutionary his-) tory with no. uncertain hand. I do not | disguise it. Such a course will bring them more and more into harmony with the Workers (Communist) Party, whom the Emergencyites allude to ay “Marxian devotees.” But such action will drive the present chaos and un- certainty from their ranks, will) breathe new life’ and strength into their papers, wifl build the pnions that are predominantly I. W. W. into mass! bodies numbering thousands—nay, 1924 tho the company did about $30,- 000,000 less business. In other words the workers are, getting a smaller share of the money the public pays for their products. Bethlehem Pays 16%. The return per share on common stock is reckoned at $5.30, But this understates the return on original in- vestment, In 1917 Bethlehem Steel declared a 200%. stock dividend to cover up the excessive profits of the war period. Thef1916 profit was at the rate of 146% on capital stock. The profits of the 3 years 1916-1918 totaled 8 times the par value of the capital stock in 1916, Reckoned on the original invest- ment the 1925 profit means a return of nearly 16%. No wonder Charlie Schwab beams optimism. Day's Pay to Finance Labor Temple. MINNEAPOLIS, Minn., Feb. 7 — Several unions are pledged today to give a day's pay of the entire mem- bership for financing the proposed Labor Temple to be erected at 403 Seventh St., south, Organizations pledging a day's pay from entire mem- bership include the Typographical Union, Holsting Engineers, Steamfit- ters, Plumbers, efty and county team- ste: Machinist’ No, 827, asbestos workers and ice-Wagon drivers. The United Diamond ‘Workers voted $500 for the project to be supplemented by more ald later. oo hie ““slogan—“A ub): Tate wise wile. yest millions, As it is, thousands of workers who sense thrt the written word ideological weaknesses of their leaders are falling away from the organiza- tion, Unless the condition is under- stood immediately and the proper remedy applied, I have no hestitation in saying the I. W. W. will soon he history, To Halt Aluminum Probe. WASHINGTON, Feb, 10— Senator. Harreld republican of Oklahoma, presented a report before the senate judiciary committee recommending that the senate inquiry proposed by Senator Walsh of Montana of Andy Mellon’s aluminum trust be dropped. HELP THE COAL STRIKERS! HE INTERNATIONAL WORKERS!’ AID, 1553 W. Madison Street, Chicago, Iil., has offered to open food stations in the anthracite mining district where 158,000 miners are on strike, This offer wa committee of the mine joint committee will be formed. F. of the International Workers’ Aid, i arrangements. Bishop. William Montgomery Brown, national chairman of Inter- national Workers! Aid, has started Contributions for the miners should be made out to International Workers” Aid, and sent to D. A. Edmunds, 523 Market St., Kingston, Pennsyivanta. The I. W. W. is| to veer the other way| | were up $48,000,000. |of trade was reduced from $155,942,- tne} accepted unanimously by the general grievance » of which D, A. Edmunds the spot was well timed with the | alleged flow of oil. This sort of an| oil trick is not new, as students of the confidence game are well aware. Prepares Scene for Suckers. After locating on a site two miles away from the town pump, which | showed a flow of oil, according to the | |tales of Townley’s confederates, he | built a crew operating for oil. This made things look better, Then Townley sent out a staff of his men all of whom were his organizers | in the old league days to catch the suckers, They were familiar with all the farmers in the various districts, who still believed that Townley was on the square. The first question that these slickers put to the farmers was: “Do you believe in Townley?” If the answer was in the affirmative, then the farmer was loaded into car and taken to the “oil well’ at Robinson, If the reply was in the negative, the } paid agents of Townley left the farmer alone. “Faithful” Get In, The “faithful” were gathered” in the barracks, to which there is only | one entrance and that is heavily guarded. It is also enclosed by aj high wall, and a mass of barbed wire | threatens the intruder who tries to {climb over, The farmers are im- pressed with the fact that no I, V. A. | (enemies of the league when it flour- | istied) are permitted to enter the | guarded portals of the “oil well.” Townley then proceeds to let the bidmusid in on the ground floor. He | thing out of the oil business. | FORMER NON-PARTISAN LEAGUE “OIL” TO FAITHFUL RIEL SOLTIS. A. C, Townley, one-time czar of the en engaged during the past six months in one of the most imaginary and fantastic oil schemes which the confidence It is an original method by which the farmers, who still have a personal faith in Townley, are fleeced of their hard earned money, Townley located himself as an oil-promoter last September near the town of Robinson, North Dakota. Soon after an old water well commenced His appearance upon + informs the farmers that he has got a “Doodle Bug,” which is a human being that discovers oil by the very simple process of being able to smell it or feel it, the moment that he walks over the ground, under which the oll is in existence. This fact was related to me by one of his operators, who maintained a very serious face while he was telling it to me. Townley declares to the farmers that by means of this “Doodle Bug,” he is in a position to make a sure As far as I could gather, outside of Town- ley, the only person who has seen this-marvelous “Doodle Bug” is Henry Tiegan of Minneapolis, the former secretary of Magnus Johnson, Hands Out Personal Notes, Townley tells his audience that he is in need of “the money.” He asks the farmers to stake him on his “Doodle Bug.” He tells them that in return for the money he will issue a personal note, which he says, “is not worth the paper that it is written on.” “But,” says Townley, “it is as good as putting your money in an I, V. A. bank.” “Now”, says Townley, “If we strike oil, then all of you will be millionaires with myself and my notes will be good. But if I lose then all of you lose.” Just how Townley can lose in a deal of this kind is not clear to any- one who can put two and two to- gether. According to Townleys’ agents, they have collected about $100,000 from the farmers on this proposition. JAPAN RECOVERS FROM EFFECTS OF EARTHQUAKE Washington Reports on) Far East Rival (Special to The Daily Worker) WASHINGTON, Feb. 10. — Japan has won her battle to recover her | commercial position, following the earthquake catastrophe in 1923, and last year saw the establishment of a new record for foreign trade. The department of commerce today | made public figures showing total ex- ports from Japan in 1925 of $954,884,- 000 and imports of $1,054,939,000, Ex- ports were $200,000,000 greater than in the spreceding year and imports | As a result of the heavier increase in exports the unfavorable balance 000 in 1924, to $105,055,000 last year. Completes Reconstruction. A heavy drop in building material purchases indicated that Japan vir- |tually has completed the reconstruc- tion of its industrial plants many of |.which were laid waste by the earth- quake, The United States led as a purchas- er of Japanese goods, having taken pabout one-third of the country’s total | export and ninety-five per cent of the $361,431,000 exports of raw silk. From the United States Japan pur- chased materials valued at $246,078,- export and ninety-five per cent of the 1924, The United States fared better in |the Japanese market than the Eur- jopean nations, British trade having dropped off 27 per cent; Germany 16 | per cent and Belgian 60 per cent. Plan New Polar Flight. |” OSLO, Norway, Feb. 7—Lieut. Hjal- mar Rilser-Larsen and Col, - Nobile, who are to take part in Amundsen’s next flight to the North Pole, have | just returned from Soviet Russia} * | where they made arrangements with} the Soviet authorities to use the Len-| ingrad hangars. The explorers scoff at the intended flight to the pole from | the United States stating that it is impossible to prepare for the flight in such a short time. They also point out that the attempt on the part of| the American aviators to beat/ Amundsen to the ‘pole will not deter Anmiundsen from making scientific in- vestigations after proper preparation. The Lenin Drive means quick action—send your sub today! cretary, A . G, Bledenkapp, national secretary is now in Wilkes-Barre making final the list with a donation of $250. Your Union Iileeting Second Thursday, Feb. 11, 1926. Name % tga ses 5 Place of eeting. na 5 Brick bgt Clay, A. O. U. W. Hall, Dolton, 13 Carpenters, 113 S. Ashland Blvd. 62 Carpenters, 6416 S. Lage St. 341 Carpenters, 1440 Emma 434 Catpenters, | Bouts Culcaaer Michigan Aye. 604 Carpenters, Ogden and Kedzie. 115 16836 499 11037 i ‘s, 9223 Houston Ave. Federal Labor Union, 2110 N. Robey Firemen at Larios Spring- field and Nort! ves. Journeymen Barbers, Pa West ‘Washington St., 8:45 P. Hod Carriers, Harrison a Green Ladies’ eae Workers, 328 W. Vs Buren 3 Marbie Polishers, #10 $10 Mo Harrison Nurses, 771, Gilpin. Painters’ praiet Connell, 1446 W. Adams St. Paivterm ‘Dutt’s Hall, Chicago Heights. Paper 1 Rulers, 59 E. Van Buren St., Y , 810 W. Harrison iene ng Bon Clerks, 3124 S. Halsted St. filety Clerks, Harrison and Green Sts. Relilway ‘Trainmen, 64th & Univer- sity, 8:15 p. gnalmen, 180 Wy. Washington St. Snes, 9206 Houston Ave. Wood Turners’ Union. Liberty Hall, 3429 W, Ro it Rd. (Note—Unless otherwise stated all meetings are at 8 p. m MASSACHUSETTS EMPLOYMENT I$ 548 340 18 a132 a71 26 17301 m4 1269 1344 877 120 42 TPCT. UNDER 1914 Wages Decrease in Many Factories By LELAND OLDS. (Federated Press Staff Correspondent) > A decrease from November of about ¥% of 1 per cent in employment and total wage payments is shown in the December report of the Massachusetts department of labor covering factory operations in the state, This leaves the level of employment 2 per, cent” above December 1924, but the previous year ended with an upward trend. Employment in Massachusetts is | still 8.3 per cent below December 1923 and more than 21 per cent short of the high mark attained during the war years. It is nearly 7 per cent Below the average for 1914. The outstanding break in employ- ment in December came in the boot and shoe industry which laid off 12 per cent of the workers employed in November. Altogether there were 21 industries reporting decreased em- ployment, 2 reporting no change, and 16 reporting slight gains, About two-thirds of the workers em- ployed during December were in plants on full-time schedules. This represents little change compafred with Novem- ber but a moderate gain compared with December 1924 when only 57.4 of the workers were on full-time. The average of weekly earnings was $24.82 as in November which com- pares with $24.23 in December 1924, Norway Exposes Canada Fraud, SASKATOON, Sask.—(FP)— Rev. D, A. Summerfelt, acting unofficially os an immigration agent for the Can- adian railroads, deplores the action of the Norwegian government and Nor- wegian papers in publishing facts about their unemployed and exploited countrymen in Canada, Thd railway companies fn order to keep the foreign language press quiet take space in these papers and pay for them, by giving rallway passes. ey eet rr i f ‘ i 4 # 5 oo aa vasigess :