The Daily Worker Newspaper, December 10, 1925, Page 6

& cing tA eee Page Six } THE DAILY WORKER Published by thé DAILY WORKER PUBLISHING CO 1113 W. Washington Blvd., Chicago, 11, Phone Monroe 4712 SUBSCRIPTION RATES By mail (in Chicago! only): By mail (eutside of: Chicago): $8.00 per year $4.50:six months | $6.00 per vear $3.50 six months $2.50 three months | $2.00 three mouths Address all mail and make out checks to THE DAILY WORKER, 1113 W. Washington Bivd., Chicago, Illinois J. LOUIS ENGDAHL { WILLIAM F, DUNNE MORITZ J, LOBB.... Entered as second-class mail September 21, 192 cago, Ill., under the act of Marc’ Business Manager at. the post-office at Chi- 3, 1879. Advertising rates on application. The New Land Slavery Capitalism in its inexorable march brings all forms of produc- tion under its sway. Having filled almost every ayailable industrial center with its machines to which millions of wage slaves, deprived of all property except their power to labor, are chained by the ever- present threat of poverty and. hunger, and having extended its talons to the remotest parts of the globe it now reaches out for more slaves to satisfy its insatiable greed. Re The “free” framers are now falling under the domination of big eapital.. The Coolidge speech delivered in Chicago Monday clearly revealed the process by which this is being brought about. Low prices. of farm products, the necessity for buying modern machinery to. compete with the larger farms, forces the tillers of the soil to appeal, to the banks for funds to tide them over the period of de- pression, The sighed-for prosperity does not come. ‘Forced to dispose of his, produce at less than the cost of production the farmer becomes hopelessly enmeshed in the clutches of the bankers. ; Mortgages in the hands of the bank enable these institutions to dictate to the farmers the manner in which they sliall conduct the farms that formerly were their own. The farmer becomes a land slave, doing the bidding of the agents of the milling trust, the packers, and other great industrial combines depending upon the land for raw material. The whole population suffers thereby. It is not a question of production for the use of all society, but for the profit of the master class. Coolidge, in his speech, compared the land slaves of former times with the so-called free American farmer. He said: “In the early beginnings of organized society the main form of “wealth which was plentiful consisted of land. It was almost the sole source of production. Always in theory, and usually in practice, all land belonged to the crown.” Under that system the king bestowed the use of the land upon his retainers, the feudal barons, and furnished him with serfs attached to the soil. With the coming of capitalism the serfs and:free men in- habiting the Jand were scourged from the soil and the: land turned into sheep walks so that raw material could be obtained in abundance for the woolen mills of the new industrial cities that were rapidly growing. In this country a‘process-not dissimilar is going on, except that it is for a different purpose and in a higher stage of production. ‘The * Tand is falling into the hands of those who wear the.crown: of im- perialism. Their retainers, the country bankers are permitted to dominate the landed estates and the farmers and their families slave with modern farm machinery as the serfs slaved. i The analogy can be carried still farther, according to reports from A. C. Miller, the lone Communist member of the state legis- lature of North Dakota. In that state whole townships; of, small farms are being destroyed, the fences are being torn down,and in many instances two of three workers with tractors areofarming a whole township. The-small'renter is being-hounded from the farms formerly obtainable, while large-scale farming razes the yery houses they formerly inhabited, using the lumber for fire-wood. And, just as in the days of the bloody legislation of Henry VIIL.and Eliza- beth, the former tillers of the soil and their families .are being driven into the cities to swell the ranks of the unskilled Jaborers. One thing only will'save the farmers. That is to: make common cause with the industrial proletariat and help us build.a powerful party that will challenge the power of the capitalist class, that today is repeating on a far greater scale the devastation wrought at the dawn of this bestial system of slavery. BB 290 Among Those Present When members of congress at Washington were voting for.a speaker of the house there was one who refrained from voting for anyone. That was the socialist, Victor L. Berger, who merely voted “present.” Being an, exceedingly modest man he did not vote for himself.. Should he stand opposed to the old party machines the democratic and republican time-servers might consider him “im- practical.” After ‘all, Victor doesn’t mean to harm the capitalist class,,,. His, one proposal_is to convince them that they would be much,happier if they would ohly agree to sell the industries of the wation-to. the working class, Being an exceedingly practical man he doesnot bother about such trivial details as the ability’of the work- ers,fo purchase, ander the wages system, the property 6f the capital- _dsts,, lis antics in the sixty-ninth congress, so auspiciously launched, : willbe worth watching. | i 16% »cdlmportant, news event: Vice-President Dawes’ did not break the gavel on, the desk when he opened the session of tie United States «senate, last. Monday. ,Which reminds us of the advice one of Henry Dana's editors said constitutes news: “If a dog bites a man that ‘isnot news, but if a mav,bites a dog, that is.news,” When Dawes refrains from his Kiwanis club slap-stick comedy that is indeed news. Rey. Albert Sidney (iregg, ‘superintendent of the American Civie Reform Bureau has .been convicted in a Gleveland court of sending obscene matter thru the mails. We do not know whether the objectionable material. were excerptS from that compilation of filth known as the holy bible, or from some less obscene source. Per- haps it was the twelfth verse of the thirty-sixth chapter of Isaiah, We have many times heard of foolish farmers and workers with Wourgeois ideas trying to impersonate bankers, but for the first time in Chicago we had the spectacle of bankers impersonating farmers, and the president of the United States solemnly addressing them as farmers. “ Encouragement for the Chinese voiced by the Hon. Cal Coolidge in his message to:congress: “It will be our policy, so-fay as possible, to meet the aspitations of China in all. ways consistent. with the interests of the countrics involve 7 Coolidge conéluded his message with reference to divine provi- dence, but he di t. depend for support condepta, He esdihaized the powerte ; 4 country’ n any such fantastic d forces of the 4 ie ae aa THE DAILY WORKER The Revolt in the A. C.:W. U. in New York } nes By MORRIS BACKALL. HEN’ one visits New York and sees the change that took place among the rank and file of the ‘Inter- national Ladies’ Garment Workers’ Union, he féels that a new spirit pre- vails among the members of organized labor in America. I visited'a meeting of Local 9, of the I, L. G. W. U.,’and heard the discussions and problems presented and saw that a new life had rejuvenated among the rank and file. But the storm center now in New York shifted to the Amalgamated Clothing Workers’ Union. There a real fight is on. A real revolt is tak- ing place and the causes are as real as a immediate as it was in the I. L. G. W. U that brought about the suc: cess of the rank and file, of the pro- gressive @ements and of the left wing groups, Back Where They Started The Amalgamated Clothing Workers’ Union started as a real progressive organization, The tailors in the shops in New. York as in Chicago, Rochester and Baltimore, expected a new era in| their life. They organized as a result of the great revolt against the reac- tionary United Garment Workers’ Union. But now after years of real struggle they find themselves con- fronted in a revolt against their lead- ers and against the methods and tac- tics that are still prevailing in their union. It is surprising to find that the Amalgamated Clothing Workers in New York is conducting itself just as the garment workers’ union of the past, against whom the present lead- ership of the Amalgamated declared a revolt and on whose ruins they built up the present organization, The Garment Workers’ Union had a small membership and its methods and tactics grew out of this old-fashioned and smail organization but the tailors’ union developed to a very wide and broad organization» From 3,000 mem- bership the Amalgamated union in New York counted already 70,000 members. So it is evident that they could not live and grow andy flevelop under the same organizationaltorms of the Unit- ed Garment Workers. Craft Autonomy In New York, especially among the Jewish workers there exist now an operators’ local, a pressers’ local and a tailors’ local, Every local conducts its business separtely, with full auto- nomy. The old trade autonomy pre- vails there. The locals conduct their business entirely independent of locals of other nationalities. The Italian and the Latvian workers do have industrial locals on the basis of Local 39 in Chicago, but their locals have no relations with the Jewish workers and the Jewish workers them- selves have no indystrial relationships, so it is evident that the Amalgamated Clothing Workers’Umion in New York is still organized op,the old-fashioned Garment Workers};Union basis. Why does such«@gituation exist in New York? LIA As They Found It Very simple. The Jewish workers jeven often refused to strike and to were organized ii®ttie Garment Work- ers’ Union in New York. The Amal- gamated Clothing! /Workers Union found them orgatiiz6d and left their form of organization‘ untouched. First, because this is a very desirable form of organization foithe leaders. They can make manewvéré with one local against the other. ‘H the tailors are dissatisfied with the leadership, the leaders can get onthtir side the ope: ators, or the pressérs: Second, because the’ leaders of the A. C. W. U. were fever in touch with the rank and file of‘the locals but with the cliques that had to grow and de- velop under such old-fashioned forms of trade autonomy and for the cliques in the locals it was very desirable that the different locals should exist, even when they are.a detriment to the growth and development to the union as a whole. * Three Joint Boards But besides the remnants that are eft of the Garment. Workers’ Union n the organization. of the Amalga- nated, in the form of, local trade au- Review of t EDITOR'S. NOTE:—Here is the second instalment of the speech delivered by D. N. Borodin, director of the Russian agricultural agency in America, at the reception tend- ered in Chicago to the represent- atives of the Soviet government in this country by thé American Ram- bouillet Sheep Breeders’ Associa- tion. In the first instalment, pub- lished yesterday, Borodin told of area, population, ragtal character of the population and the main crops of the Union of Socialist Soviet Re- publics. In concluding the insta ment he told of the development of the textile industry in the Soviet union, Today’s instalment follows: eee By D. N. BORODIN Russian Agricultural Agency in Amer- ica with Offices in New York City. Commissariat of Agriculture or shortly Narkomzem recently published a statement on the condition of animal industry in the U. S. 8. R. We have the figures. What happened with the crops during the war was more ca- tastrophic in animal industry. The most complete figures are given for Russia proper for different periods. They are as follows: Bookhara, this kiad‘“of. sheep are raised for mutton ‘and-wool primarily. The lamb skins of“tatacul sheep are the object of the ‘étpért from Russia to this country. "Pe interest in the caracul a few yed?#’aso was very acute in this counti/ The American explorers and Dr!''¥6ung. introduced caracul sheep inté“#iis country and into Canada and tif8 type is raised | in many American ‘fafms: The fine wool typ@%of sheep suffer- ed very badly durifig’the civil war and world war but‘ at present on its way to restoratiéh. Commissariat of agriculture recogmiging the: neces- sity of re-establishmént of fine wool sheep industry redéhtly undertook the steps known to “Atherican Rambou- bier sheep breederé? That was only a part of the progt#ii: The swine industf¥is quickly re- established at thé™fresent time and the total amount “6fthe swine in the U.S. S..R. is iner d enuf to meet the demands fo ms, Jard and bacon. The movéei of the re-esta- blishment was as follows 1916 1923 ____1924 1925 100% 46.7%. 986.0% 83.2% HE decline from 1924 to 1925 is caused by the: over-production of the low grade swine which cannot be Horses Live Stock Ewes Goats Swine 1916 31,388,000 50,386,200 81,281,500 3,215,100 19,488,000 1923 20,034,700 38,567,100 55,150,200 1,594,300 9,104,700 1924 21,980,300 45,609,000 66,552,500 2,027,300 16,764,800 1925 23,146,500 48,246,300 73,638,500 2,436,200 16,222,100 digg totel-amonunt of: honest. .2. thet er Union of Socialist Soviet Repub- lics for 1924 have been estimated at 23,854,200, The amount of horses in the year of 1923 in comparison witn 1916 (100) was 63.8% and in 1924, 80% and in 1925, 73.7%. Live stock is increasing more rapid- ly and in comparison with the same year of 1916 (100) was in 1923, 76.5%; in 1924, 90.5% and in 1925, 95.8%. The dairy cows in this year increased in quantity in comparison with the previous 6.8%, The total amount of sheep for the same year have been estimated as 74,824,900. The sheep in the U. S. S. R. in 1925 reached about 90.6% of the amount of 1916 (100). The growth of the sheep is indicated in percentage in comparison with 1916 as follows: 1916 1923 1924" 1925 100% 67.8% 81.9% 90.6% The increase in one (last) year reached 10.6%. The adult sheep in- creased 10.3% and the lamb 10.9% These are the average figures but some sections of the U, 8S. 8. R. like Bashkiria had the increase of 38.6%. In northeastern part of Russia it was 32.1%; in Viatkia about 13,8% and in Ural, 23.2%. The sheepAn U. 8, 8S. R. can be divided roughly in four distinct types and only one type belongs to the fine wool type. The Russian sheep (Ro- manovsk, Caucasian and others) is delivering mutton and wool for gen- eral consumption in thé union and is supplying a carpet wool for export, the low grade wool is being used by peasants for textile purposes for woolen shawls, etc. f bean Karakul and Persian sheep are native in the mountainous of Bookhara and Afghanistan raised by natives for lamb wn as Caracul, and But in the native land in marketed on the outside market. The commissariat of agriculture or Nar- komzaem started the intensive-propa- ganda of the imprévement of breeds of swine to meet the demand. Last year some Yorkshire type swine have been bought in Biigland to stimulate the production of’bacon, The bacon plants have been eStablished m many places of the unié and the products have been standardized to meet the market demand, *? ‘The Russian textile industry is in need of fine wid imported a vast quantity of it.The program of the near future is: thé establishment of the fine wool shedj industry to meet the national demtands of the U. 8. 8. R. » ye Poultry industry is one.of the very important, industries for the “smal! farms of Central Russia. It is esti- mated that in 1922 about 13,971,102 farms are raising, fowl of different types. According ,to statistical data of the central statistical bureau of the U. 8, S. R., in 3920 there have been 89,973,400 heads of fowl divided ac- cording to types as follows: Chicken 77,123,100 Geese 8,228,900 Turkeys 442,100 Ducks 3,963,400 Others 65,900 Total 89,973,400 HE production of the animal indus- try is immense but consumed mostly within the country and only dairy products, poultry products, hides bristles and swine are exported. The condition of thg,animal industry can be shown by figures presented recent- ly by the centnphstatistical bureau of the U, 8, S. R. for the year of 1923- 1924. The to! unt of steers and cows fatten meat have estimated as 3 in counties and . Si , tonomy, there is yet in New York a remnant of three separate’ Jofnt Boards which are called among the rank and file, three separate king- doms, in the same industry. These are: the Joint Board of the men’s clothing, children’s clothing and cut- ters. They conduct their business in such a fashion that they may contra- dict the needs of each other, They are a detriment to the unity and solidarity of the workers in the whole industry and they are working havoc with the interests of the union as a whole, And very often they be- come instruments of destruction when it is desirable to the cliques and the officers of the unidhs, Shortsighted Tactics The cutters, for instance, never con- sidered the condition's of ‘the workers of the entire industry and when they received concessions on account of the workers of the other local, they fight together with the workers of the entire industry. The cutters became a kingdom and a state within the A. C, W. U. of America. The leaders always said: “We can- rot undertake a fight within the locals «nd the Joint Boards.” But the truth of the matter is that in their striving or power they forgot the real needs nd problems of the workers. ‘They ere afraid that in a united and or- anized industrial union of the. tailors a New York, the rank and file may take away the power of the leaders and determine themselves their own destines and mode of life. And for the same reason the leaders are against the shops delegate system. Because this also would create an or- ganizational system of leadership in the rank and file. Unjust Representation The second great evil that is also left as an inheritance of the Garment Workers’ Union -is that the Amalga- mated organizations all over the coun- try, Chicago, Rochester, Boston, New York, Pniladelphia, has a Joint Board, constituted not in the form of proper- tional representation, but of delegates 103,000 heads in cities and the sub- urbs. They can be divided as follows: County City Steers and cows 3,981,000 103,000 Spring Veal 5,618,000 905,000 Fall Veal 2,123,000 Sheep and goats 27,684,000 132,000 Swine 10,699,000 149,000 The production of different meats using weight measures in poods (pood —-36 English pounds) was as follows, for the years of 1923 and 1924; Turkestan Far East County Caucasus City Beef — 34,188,000 3,900,000 . 931,000 Veal = 14,814,000 993,000 1,013,000 Mutton 24,175,000 3,780,000 106,000 Pork 44,314,000 1,132,000 744,000 ae ee SAR R SEE I EE RNS 118,073,000 10,516,000 2,794,000 The production of hides and skins of different type can be also estimated as follows: Steers skins 702,000 Other grades 4,180,000 = a 3,192,000 uf ~ 5,618,000 Sheep 38,288,000 . Horse 1,170,000 In weight measures it will be about 14,564,000 of poods. The production of the dairy industry comprised in 1923, 1924, about 1,314,074,000 poods of milk and 55,757,000 of butter fat. The pro- duction can be divided as follows: County 1,314,087,000 Caucasus ) ~ Turkestan) 60,415,000 Far East ) City 67,264,000 The production of wool in the Union of Socialist Soviet Republics in 1923, 1924 was 4,444,000 poods, One of the very important items of the export of the products of animal industry in the U. S. S. R. was the bristles. The production of which in the same year was about 100,000 poods. Dressed poultry and other fowl of different kinds was 65,208,000 from which amount 7,880,000 was from Turkestan, Caucasus and Far East. The production of eggs for the to- tal union was 5,033,172,000 from which 893,739,000 was from Turkestan, Cau- casus and Far Hast. Feather produc- tion, part of which has been exported, was 177,000 poods. In the U. 8. S. R. to the animal industry usually is added also the bee- keeping, products of which in 1923, 1924 brot 1,409,000 poods of honey from which amout 152,000 came from Caucasus, Turkestan and Far Hast, At the same time, 87,000 poods of bee wax have been produced from the ter- ritory of the U. S, S. R. Agricultural Exports, hae exports of agricultural products of the U. 8. S. R. are comprised chiefly of grain, such rye, wheat, barley, oats, of fibre flax, butter, eggs, pork and swine, dressed poultry, brist- les, hides and skins, furs, lumber, tar, seeds and drugs. Agricultural export fell in 1913 when it was 1,421,000,000 gold rubles to 10,000,000 gold rubles in 1920-1921, the dark days of Russian agriculture, It reached in 1923-1924, 390,000,000 gold rubles and about prpgoo.at gold rubles in t it period df 1924-1925 with the tendency to reach in 1925 and 1926 about, 680,000,000 go’ ye The Needs of Russian Agi re. It is absolutely. pamela, > t of the locals. A local of*40 members is represented by as‘many delegates as a local of 3000. “And “these small locals’are mostly those “that need the financial support of the Joint Board and. the General Executive Board. They cannot liye om their own sources So they must dance to the. whistle of the officials. If not they will not re- ceive a penny, These’ “hand-raising” representatives of the Joint Boards, as they are called among the tailors, are always forced to act as the officials demand of them even against the interest of their brother workers. And the member- ship of the largest locals have no pos- sibilities to defend their own interests in their own union,’ These terrible forths ‘of organization within the A. C. W: Uléd to the com- plete degeneration of thie uhion in New York. Therefore the’’Yank and file organized in revolt°agairst these con- ditions. If this, revolt~does not suc- ceed, the tailors; o8»New- York will again taste the Slavery of the sweat- ing system, when“meH's clothing will be made in kitchens and cellars. The Evil of Piece Work The degeneration Ha*the A. C. W. grew out of thé“taeti¢w of the Amal- gamated leadership,) that undertook the “heroic” task’ of: throttling every spark of protest\°of’ the progressive elements in the*infof. It developed out of a very defiité’and very im- mediate problem‘of week work. To the bosses and thé offitials, week work is like a bone fi'ttitir’ throat. When there is piece Work’'in the shops. the bosses feel as in heaven. The work- ers speed the very life out of them- selves. They forget the union and think only of the bundle. The struggle is then between the workers them- selves for the bundle. The Amalgamated leaders did carry thru piece work in some cities be- cause it is also for their interests. There is less work in the shops for union agents. There is a bitter struggle between the workers them- selves and the-union agent stands still and laughs and it is quiet in the locals, Prove and to ‘stititilate the agricultur- al education: or extention work, (agri- cultural co-operation and’ technical improvement.of-the methods of agri- culture,): ‘The movement is recognized as very .important:in the life of the nation. To;change the system of crop rotation, .diversified farming, pure seeds, best:breeds of animals and fowl, mechanization, pest control, elec- trification of farms are the most vital point of the agricultural work ‘of agronomist and ‘commissariat/ of agri- culture in the:U..8..S. R. What the: Russian peasant needs is up-to-date farming machinery and this, only the United States can give him. The old Russian school learned from the German..text: books and was very theoretical and-mot.in close touch with the farmer whichvhad been establish- ed. The extension work was very limited and. the:;assistance of. the + > ; 163,000 000 134,000 000 416,000 + 905,000 4,006,000. 187,000 * 95,000 40,000 county agent was only or mainly for the landlord. The landlords used the scientific agriculture methods of a German type but the peasant was out- side of those improvements. What ‘America can give to U. S. S. R. Pure seeds of the grains and forage grasses, such as Sudan Grass, Alfalfa, Timothy, grains like Marguise, Kota, Kamota, new strains of grains work- ed Out in experimental stations of America were the’ first things received by Russian péasant from America in 1922; first in ounces and pounds, later in bushels, ‘éarlodds’ and steamer- cargoes. mw VY Harvesting nidcHiviery bindertwine, tractors, threslier#, — disc-harrows, rakes, tractor plows, wind-mills, sprtty- ers, dusters, “Separators, incubators, etc., was the’hi@in' items of the import from this coantty' by the Union of Socialist Soviet” Republics in 1923- but when the, leaders tried to carry chru piece work in New York the gen- eral office of the Amalgamated Cloth- ing Workers Union felt a very strong opposition from the ranks of the pro- gressive elements and class-conscious workers in New York. So the General Office sent in receiv- ers (its own men) to the most impor- tant offices of the union, and put its” nose in the very life and struggles of the rank and file in the New York lo- cal unions. and demoralized with its tacticsthe entire union in order to bring pressure and compel the tailors to accept piece work, because they thought the rank and file will find out in time that piece work is-better than nothing—than a. disorganized and a degenerated and a ruined industry. It is idle to say this tactic really de- moralized the industry and brought ruin and degeneration in the ranks of the Amalgamated. Hillman’s sixty agents do not organize the trade but are conducting a campaign against the leftelements—the workers ‘eave the union and in order to bring the degen- eration to a complete success, Hillman took -back Harry Cohen whom Hill- man himself brought to responsibility for taking. graft to the amount of $40,- 000 from.the bosses and Alex Cohen, who spent,$30,000 of the union's funds, for, which he could not give an.ac- counting, knowing that the return of these. two men into office will com- plete the degeneration of the A. C, W. U.in New York. ‘The rank and file therefore revolted. They want to organize the Amalga- mated on a healthy induStrial basis, led by the‘ workers themselves thru their own elected and trusted repre- sentatives, The revolt grew out of the burning needs of the tailors in New York. Those that did not lose their faith and class-consciousness, are organized in a solid group to conduct this revolt. The workers all over the country must assist the revolting A. C. W. U. mem- bers in the revolt as they did the re- volt in the I. L, G. W. They need both financial and moral support. 2 Farm Needs of Soviet Union Now came the time for animal in- dustry and poultry. First have been shipped to Russia a fine breed of chickens, second, fitie wool sheep and swine. The eye of the commissariat of agriculture is looking forward to the next years to meet the demand of the real power of the U. 8. S. R., the Russian He ues and what will be next can b& predicted, After the peas- ant will be supplied with seeds, ma- chinery, pure breed livestock, the country- will need canning machinery, oil presses, reflectors, butter making. installation, machinery for factories to work out the products of agricul- ture and all of that might be pur- chased in America. Sf A Russian agricultural agency has been established in America in, 1921, in full accord with the U. S, depart- ment of agriculture from one side and the commissariat of agriculture or Narkomzem of the U. S. S. R. on the other, This country has been visited by many leading scientists and agron- omists from the U. S. S. R. After their return, they described what: they saw in the United States and this informa- tion has been added to their reports sent periodically by Russian agricul- tural agencies in America to the com- missariat of agriculture, experiment- al stations and agricultural colleges in the U, S. S, R.. Many purchasing commissions came to this country with men of energry, devotion and knowledge. One such commission sailed recently for Russia after a cordial reception in this country. May we assure you, gentlement, that that was just at the start. The visit we refer to of Mr. M. 8. Perefer- kovich and Prof. M. F. Ivanov com- manded by commissariat of agricul- tural or Narkomzem is the turning point jn the policy of Narkomzem, That was the first step and a serious step, towards the establishment of an exchange in the agricultural line, i, am. extremely sorry that both gentlemen mentioned above are not here.and can’t add some details to’ what.I have said. 1924, it pines toate SU ay Firemen’s Raise CHICAGO—(FP’ je taxes dodged by @ single big antiunion trust would practi¢aly pay ‘tHe ‘etitire sum needed by Chicago's city fire fighters:to bring their wages to'th® level’ of a score of other American cities. The Firemen’s Association of Chicago, local 2 of the Intl. Association of Fire Fighters, is on the warpath to make this/ trust and 34 other big concerns come across. The union is not asking for an in- crease in the général tax rate nor that the big fellows be pounced upon un- fairly, It wants no more than that the wealthy be taxed on their hold- ings at the same rate as the poor have to pay. Puy . The U. 8. Gypsum Co., the nonunon openshop plaster trust, would be pay- ing Chicago $640,000 a year in taxes if it were assessed as heavily in pro- portion as the stialty owner? or. storekeeper. But itvact pays $40 (forty dollars) a year. Responsible financial houses its valua' at $85,000,000 whi oes Placed it at §: a taxable basisof' $500. The firemen want to ‘see the city get the difference be- tween $640,000 and $40. ‘There are 2,500 firemen on the city foreey "the great majority unionized, A flat raise of $300 demanded by the union would cost the city $750,000, The U. Si Gypsum’s $639,960 check for dodged. taxes would almost cover that and there are 34 other big fellows on whom the union has the goods. The hearing before the board of review commences Dec, 9. \ U. S. Approves Fascist Dictatorship Regime, Says Italian Leader (Special to The Daily Worker) ROME, Dec, .8.—The United States gave its approval to the cist gov ernment when it accepted the settle- _ ment of the Italian debt, Count Volpi, finance minister, declared today in the senate, when he made a speech thank- ng the senate for its approval of the debt settlement, Italians count on big from United States bankers to: industry,