The Daily Worker Newspaper, November 28, 1925, Page 10

HE question if the national econo- my of the first socialist republic is developing and whether this devel- opment is in the direction of social- ism is of. the greatest interest to every cfass-conscious European work- er. Figures are the best answer to these questions, A few days ago, a special group of Russian university economists (most of them non-party) examined at the instruction of the state planning commission (this com- mission is an organization which reg- ulates the. activity of our various eco- nomic institutions, which totals up the past economic progress and indi- cates economic. prospects). The fig- ures indicating the prospects of the main econemic centers and sum them up in a special report which was en- dorsed by the state planning commis- sion. The work of these economists was extremely complicated. It was per- formed forthe first time in history, for no cétiitry in the world has ever elaborated’ a perspective plan for the coming economic year, for the simple reason that the economic order which prevails everywhere is the capitalist, that is to say the anarchist order. Therefore, the commission does not claim absolute correctness for its de- ductions. But whatever science can give by way of foreseeing the econom- ic prospects of the socialist republic, has been given thru the said group of economists. 1, Production. See us begin with production. In 1915-26 the total production of our rural economy amounts to 11,436,000,- 000 rubles, (*) including agriculture, 10,236,000,000 rubles. As compared with 1913 (prewar period) this will mean 89 per cent for rural economy as a whole, and 87 per cent for agri- culture. As compared with the previous year (1924-25) agricultureal produc- tion will increase 26 per. cent, namely, more thaya quarter, But is we take only main kinds of corn the increase will be nearly one-half ¢49 per cent) and will equal 79 per cent of prewar production. as to the production for culture manufacturing purposes this will exceed prewar figures. With regard to industry we get the following picture: At the conclusion of the civil war, previous to the N. E. P. (New Economic Policy) big in- dustry fell to one-sixth of the prewar production. The economic _ revival which followed the introduction of N. E. P. gave in 1923-24 already 45 per cent of the prewar production, in 1924-25—-70 per cent, and in the com- ing year 1925-26—94 per cent, which means that the prewar level will be almost reached. In absolute figures we get the following picture: For 1913—5,620 million rubles. * The prewar value of the ruble is meant, unless stated to the contrary. For 1923-24+-2,570 million rubles, For 1924-25—3,950 million rubles, For 1925-26—5,280 million rubles, Key Industries Grow. UT it ¥s not enough to give only the figures showing the growth of industry as a whole for a proper characterization of the reconstruc- tion process of industry. If we study this process in three directions: a) the bigger enterprises of the U. S. S. R. importance (‘“‘key” industries); b) lesser enterprises under the admin- istration of local Soviets of national economy and c) small state, private and co-operative enteiprises, we get the following picture: General growth of production.....:,. 34% Growth of production in groupa 48% Growth of production in group b 26% Growth of production in group ¢ This table shows that heavy indus- try, will make a more rapid stride for- ward than industry as a whole (48 and 34 per cent). The year 1925-26 will be significant for the enormous growth of branches of industry producing means of pro- duction. Everyone knows that the task during the preceding years was the revival of branches of industry producing menas of consumption, On the other hand, at present the in- crease wWiu be in connection with man- ganese mines (9141 per cent), the electro-technical indus.ry (i. per cent the glass industry (71 per cent), the rubber industry (67 per cent), the metal industry (63 per cent). The latter, for instance, produced in 1924-25 a little over one-half of the prewar norm (55 per cent), whilst in 1925-26 it will almost reach prewar le~el (90 per cent). Exceed Prewar Level. Pup fact that in 1925-26 the produc- , tion of fuel and power will exceed prewar. level deserves special atten- tion.. Particularly, produciion of el- ectrical power will be almost four times that of the prewar norm. We will more fully realize the meaning of this fact if we recall to: ourselves thé immortal words of’ Lénifi:*So-'|' cialism is the Soviet power plus el- ectrification. The total production of the country (agriculture and industries) in 1925-26 will amount to 18.1 millard rubles. This sum will represent a growth as compared with 1924-25 of 28% and will be equal to 90% of the 1913 production one more such economic year and the national economy of the U. S. S. R. will exceed the levels of the pre-war period. This will mean that in the 10th year of proletarian dictatership the country will not only have healed the wounds of the imperialist and civil wars, but will be far ahead of the reeord prewar year. This ‘will be the best answer to our caluumniators of the type of Kautsky. 2. Manufactured Goods and Fluctua- tion of Prices. bai manufactured goods in a coun- try with a peasant population of 8%" many millions are closely connected with the progress of the industrialisa- tion of agriculture. This industrializa- tion has made rapid progress during recent years, and this program will be reflected in the process of agri- cultural reconstruction. In 1925-26 the industrial production of agriculture will increase 27% as compared with the preceding year (3,639,000,000 rubles and 2,857,000,000 rubles). Whilst this industrial production amounts in 1924-25 to 64% of the pre-war level; it will reach: 81% in 1925-26. The total industrial production of the country will increase 25% in 1925-26 (9,149,000,000 rubles, and 7,307,000,000 rubles) and will be 79% of the prewar industrial production... ‘ _ As to’prices, the prospects. for 1925- 26 are as follows: The general price index will decrease 8.3%, the ‘indus- trial 9%, and the agricultural 8%. As far as industrial products are concern- ed, the greatest decreases is expected to take place in the rubber industry (over 20%), in the mining industry (over 10%) and in the metal industry (up to 10%). 3. Goods Traffic and Transport. HE increase of nfanufactured goods will make great demands on trans- port facilities. The absolute and rela- tive growth of goods traffic in 1925-26 will be greater than in the preceding year. In 1924-25 it increased by 460 million poods (approximately 11%), in 1925-26 it will increase by 1,524 millon poods, namely an absolutely more than three-fold increase, and as compared with the preceding year 33%. With relation to 1913, the volume of goods traffic in the perspective year’ will be 80%. In connection with the growth of goods traffic, we witness reconstruction work on a large scale, much new rolling stock, etc. The state planning commission has fixed for the railway transport development fund, 236,000,000 rubles. Out of this sum 100,000{000 rubles are ‘for new ‘con- structions, and the remaindeY Tor re- construction. This sum will be obtain- ed in the following manner: 186,- 600,000 rubles, from the funds of the people’s commissariat of ways and communications, and 50,000,000 rubles from the 300,000,000 loan for economic construction, 4. Export and Import. In conformity with the general growth of industrial production, export and import are making great strides forward. Export will almost treble (178%) from 270,000,000 ‘rubles, to 750,000,000 rubles. This increase will be mainly in connection with agri- cultural export, which will increase from 204,000,000 rubles to 559,000,000 rubles, (174%). Industrial export will almost double (83%) from 66,000,000 rubles to 121,000,000 rubles. .As to import the figures are as follows: in 1925-26 518,000,000 against 339,000,000 U.S. EUROPEAN SHOWING POLITICAL AND TUR KEY REFERENCE INTERNATIONAL BOUNDARY BOUNDARIES OF REPUBLICS COMPRISING THE UNION OF SOG REP. » © AUTONOMOUS REPVBLKS & PROVINCES bd © PROVINCES AS. S=AUTONOMOUS SOCIALIST SOVIET, BFS @SOCIALIST FEDERAL SOVIET | 6 .5.«S0CIALIS STALIN---THE SECRETARY OF THE Rt OSEPH_ VISSARIONOVITCH (Stalin), zeneral secretary of the Communist Party of Russia, was born in 1879. His real name is Djougach- vili (Stalin is his revolutionary sur- name). His father, a Georgian peas- ant in the government of Tiflis, had carried on business as a shoemaker. Stalin was intended to follow his father’s occupation, but he was put into one of the numerous schools founded by the czarist government Tor religious education and the creation of cadres of instructed priests cap- able of combatting, with the aid of the police, the germs of the revolu- tionary movement. This was dvring the period of Alex- ander III, the period of bigoted hypoc- risy, darkness and the repression of revolutionaries, The school satisfied neither the de- sires nor the spirit of the young Djou- gachvili, and before he had finished his studies he was expelled for his “subversive” ideas, About 17 years ago (at the close of 1896) Stalin became identified with, and took part in, revolutionary activ- ity.. He joined the social-democratic party, working at first as a tutor in elementary Marxism, then in agita- tional work among the workers of Tiflis, Baku and Batum. Arrest and Siberia. In 1902, for participation in the. organization of demonstrations in Ba- tum, he was arrested, and passed the remainder of 1902 and 1903 in the prisons of Koutais' and Batum. in 1903 he was deported to Eastern Si- beria for three years, After the split in 1903 between Bol- sheviks and mensheviks at the sec- ond congress of the social democratic party, Stalin took sides with the Bol- sheviks and Lenin. In January, 1904, he escaped from Siberia and returned to his revolAtion- ary work interrupted by prison and deportation, The czarist police exercising an ac- tive surveillance over all revolution- aries, and, at any mo: t, being able to put their hands upon the organiza- tions, Stalin was compelled to resort to clandestine action and to change his name on several occasions. Thus, we find him working under the pseudo- nyms of Stalin, ‘Koba, Ivanovitch, David, Nijeradze, and Peter Tchiji- leov, But it is as Stalin that he is ‘best known now among the” working masses of the U, S.'S. R; °” Following his flight from Siberia, Stalin took up his work in the party. He was a member of the committee of the Caucasian Union, principally oc- cupied in journalism, and was editor of.many Bolshevik organs, legal and illegal, Visits London. In 1905 he appeared at the confer- ence at Tammerfors. He also took part in the congresses of London and Stockholm, speaking under the name of Ivanovitch, The revolution of 1905 was followed by the blackest reaction. Scared by the terror of the czarist government, the intellectuals and petty bourgeoisie desert@ the revolution. The Bol- shevik Party, however did not slacken its revolutionary activity towards the organization of the masses, Stalin worked in Georgia, but, not- withstanding that he had changed his name and taken all kinds of precau- tions!’ the secret poli discovering him, In 1908 he was on behalf of the com Once more, prison This time he was 8 government of Vo years. . But he could no inaction, and in cape and returnéti to resumed his yok Once more he is foll lice, and once more This time he was years to Solvuitche where, within a mon ed in connection with the Central Commit After several mo was deported for ogda, escaping again In April, 1912, he the regi the-eame year finds St, Petersburg. k on of Narim.) In March, 1913, he was