The Daily Worker Newspaper, November 5, 1925, Page 6

D ed \ Page Six THE DAILY WORKER Published by the DAILY WORKER PUBLISHING CO. 2418 W. Washington Blyd., Chicago, I. Phone Monroe 4712 : SUBSCRIPTION RATES By mail (in Chicago only): By mail (outalde of Chicago): 98.00 per year $4.50 six months | $6.00 per year $8.50 six months $2.50 three months $2.00 three months Address all mail and make out checks to THE DAILY WORKER, 1113 W. Washington Bivd., Chicago, Ilinole dL idiethinoicnictestiete rshintieneensnhcnantipsiinnapns- anit J, LOUIS BNGDAHL WILLIAM F. DUNND MORITZ J. LOEB. Gatered As second-class mail September 21, 1923, at the post-office at Chi- cago, Iil., under the act of March 3, 1879, Se ______ Avortising rater on application Red Light Longworth Speaks Congressman Nicholas Longworth, speaker of the house of repre- sentatives, unburdened himself yesterday before the Women’s Roose- velt Republican Club. Aside from the customary dithyrambic eulogy of the president of the United States, the usual platitudes about tax reduction, an assault on the LaFollette insurgents for trying to in- troduce bloc government in place of party government, the speaker thrilled his ‘audience of bourgeois females by proclaiming that he favored’ deporting all reds in this country to the land from whence they came. We have no foreign enemies, only domestic ones,. says the sagacious Nicholas: “As | survey the situation here and abroad 1 am convinced that we have no foreign enemies. ,.. If we have any foreign enemies +I am not aware of them, but | am aware of domestic ones. They cow sist of those who go about preaching class hatred and distrust of our government, stirring class hatred under the flag of Boishevism. 1 would take every one of the reds in this country, and take every ship in every port and ship them back home.” What convincing argument! What superlative statesmanship! He is Sir Oracle and when he speaks let no dogs bark! He is speaker of the house, yet he does not know the most fundamental fact of international politics today, the world conflict between the two imperialist giants, the United States and Great Britain. A conflict that manifests itself in a dozen parts of the world. Surely the British agents of imperialism must complacently smile when they read such gibberish as this emanating from the “titular leader of the majority” in the house of congress. Such ut- terances as these contribute to make American statesmanship the standing jest of European capitals. Concerning Mr. Longworth’s laudable desire to deport all the reds to the land from whence they came, we take the greatest pleasure in informing him that the vast majority of the prominent reds in this country, with all of whom we are quite well acquainted, »were born here, not thru any choice of their own, but quite by accident, as was unquestionably the case of Mr. Longworth. Not all of us, however, were born in Cincinnati of a family that! made its fortune out of the pathetic women of the red light distric of that benighted city, as was the case of the Longworth family. If Mr. Longworth wants all inhabitants in this country to remain on the identical soil from which’ they sprang, or the soil. from, which they derived their sustenance he, himself, would be forced to «spend his life in a Cincinnati brothel, instead of appearing before the ele- gant, if somewhat antiquated, ladies of the Women’s Roosevelt Re- publican Club and drooling inanities about the vanguard ef, the working class in this country. This twaddle of this foppish husband of Roosevelt’s daughter, the “Princess” Alice, may be indicative of impending assaults upon our movement. Again we laugh at them and defy. them, because we have been attacked before and we have learned in the realities) of the struggle how to sink the roots of our party into the véry Jife of the working masses of this country, from whence not all the craven creatures from all the red light districts of the country that make up the motely crew of government agents and stoolpigeons: can drive us. In the work of reorganization of our party, the organizational part of the Bolshevisation process that is proceeding apace, we have created a machine that will exist in spite of and against the Long- worths and all their kidney. Mr. Longworth is opposed to Red agitators, but where would he and his wealth be if it were not for Cincinnati red lights? Libeling the Legion The supreme court of th» state of Illinois has upheld a convic- tion in a lower court to send to jail for six months the editor of a Chicago German newspaper for the crime of libeling the American legion. We do not know what the German editor said about the legion. Rather than view it as a crime we think it should rank as an achievement. It may be possible to libel them in the German lan- guage. But no epithet of degradation that has yet been. coined in the English language can adequately describe most of the leading lights of that organization. Concerning the rank and file, they are just deluded individuals following the pack in obedience to the herd ‘instinct cultivated in the army camps. t THE DAILY WORKER “Soviet Gold” for the Peasants - - Soviet Primers.—What the Soyiet government tells its own folks in ttle three cent booklets about government, finance, taxes, cotton goods. This one is about peasant credits. HE little booklet on Peasant Credit costs four cents, for it is a thick} one with a colored picture of modern ploughs on the cover. It also is one of the best sellers, to judge from the first edition of 100,000 copies: It starts right in by calling a spade a spade, and telling the peasant what he is in unflattering language. “It is known to all, and especially to our peasants, that peasant husband- ry in Russia is still very weak, dark and backward. ~. It is known to all, how the robber policy of the czar and the landlords strangled peasant hus- bandry. And the long war and the heavy struggle of the workers and peasants against the generals and landowners impoverished the land still further, “What does the peasant need?— The workers’ and peasants’ govern- ment knows. well. He needs every- thing—seed, working cattle, machines, and tools, and every other means of production. e The government would like to help in all these, but it also is poor from the war, and neéds money for re-establishing all the hus- bandry of the country—the railroads, the industry, the schools, the posts and telegraphs, and many other things. “But altho the government has very little, and the peasant has very little, | still, if we put these two-littles toget- her it is possible to give help to the Peasant, even if not very quickly, along the lines of peasant credit.” The Credit Organizations. N the center is the Central Agricul- tural Bank of the Soviet Union, with forty million rubles from the government and an equal*sum from the State Bank to use for peasant cred- it. All the united republics have each their Agricultural Bank, and in many of the separate states are also agricul- tural credit associations connected with the central bank, drdwing their funds partly from the center, partly from the locabgovernments and _.co-op- eratives and partly frém the peasants themselves. ot | But it is quite obvious that these central banks cannot investigate each peasant’s household and make him a loan; they are too faf ‘away and the cost would be too much. "In order to have cheap credit, there must be a credit association in every village, or at least in every other village. This local credit association,’ acquainted with every peasant locally, makes loans -to him, and itself-‘gets loans from the state banks which get theirs from the Central Agricultural Bank. The aims of the wholé peasant cred- it scheme are these: 1° To give help for strengthening peasant husbandry. 2. To give it cheap and on easy terms. 6 3. To. give help fitst=to the poorly equipped peasant. 4. To direct the help so that peas- ant husbandry may improve as rapid- ly as possible. 5. To draw peasant’ deposits, even if only by kopeks into the:¢redit funds. Along with credit there-must go into the village knowledge, and. agricultur- al, teaching, and reading and writing and libraries. x Where to Get the Cledits. T is clear that the twénty million peasant households, in the Soviet Union can’t all go to the central bank to get credits, Even the provincial banks cannot handle them. There ought to be in every township a little township bank to do this, But we are still far from such conditions. So peasants needing loans run from ku- lak to kulak and he puts on them en- slaving conditions. Now every peasant can) get a loan thru a credit association. If there isn’t one, he should start one, Or if there are now enough households to start a credit association, which needs at least 50 persons, then he should join some other collective organiza- tion, either a producing artel, butter- making, wood-working, hand-industry, or a little consumers group, for buying machinery, tractors, irrigation, or a general agricultural co-operative. Any one of these organizations can become members of a central credit associa- tion and can receive* foans for its members. j The best form of ot ization will be when there is a to ip credit as- sociation in every township, and when all the smaller collectives, artels and co-operatives are members of this township credit association. To organize a credit &gsociation you must have not less than fifty mem- bers. But it is better to have many more, and if it is organized on a town- ship basis, then you will have several thousand families belonging thru their various organizations. In making out your plan, you must consider how many individual peasants, how many artels, communes, collectives you can get in, how. much deposits these or- ganizations themselves can make and at what times of the year, how much credit you need from the center. For What is Credit Given? HE peasant needs everything. His house is old wi broken win- dows; the poorer pea: have neith- er horse nor cow; as! tools, they have a Russian wooden plough, a bar- row, a bad cart, and no shoes. But the first needs for which credit is giv- en are those which ean re-establish the peasants’ work. For this we may boldly say that the chief need thru- out the land is cattle. Jor these were destroyed in war and, famine, until now there are villages, where in 100 houses there are 25,fo 30 with a horse. and the rest without any. But, how is the Peasant to buy his horse? If-he is merely given a loan by himself, and goes to. iharket with it, he will perhaps be..buying horses where they are dear. Jt is necessary for the credit association of the col- lective to buy horses,.together, send- ing to the best districts, and securing also the help of a veterinary. This is thé way in which credit. will be given for horses. “ Credit is also needed, for good seed, and for metal ploughs,,and other im- plements, atid for re-districting land in those places‘where the peasants de- sire to move'to'the land itself, instead of farming dozens of small pieces in different places, The peasants of the northern districts need credit for raining swamps, and those of the southern districts need it for making ponds and wells and irrigating ditches. Finally, if the peasant ts to secure the best returns from his work, he must not merely sell his raw products in the market, but must work them up locally, by creameries, flax cleaning factories, vegetable oil factories. For these also credit may be given. On What Conditions is Credit Given? HE first condition of any loan is to fix the time of repayment. Every peasant and every collective must re- member that, if they have loans for too long a time, it prevents other peas- ants from getting help. On the otfer hand, if the time is too short, they cannot repay the loan. If the loan is for seed, or fodder, or small tools, it should be repaid after the first har- vest; but if it is for general needs, or a horse, obviously this cannot be so quickly done, In general every collective ‘and every peasant must consider this prin- ciple, that loans are given for those things which will enable the peasant’s husbandry to betome quickly profit- able and so repay the loan, and stand on its own feet. This differs in dif- ferent districts and must be carefully considered by the local credit organ- izations, in order to build up good hus- bandry. Take, for instance, a northern re- gion, Leningrad, Novgorod. Here it is known that the income from rye is much less per acre than the income from flax, or clover, and that it is best of all.from cattle. So the credit as- Sociations in these districts should strengthen the peasant household in these profitable directions, giving credit for flax seed, clover seed, fod- der, for implements. for potato cul- ture, for a community bull of good breed, for dairy utensils or special fodder, for implements ‘which improve meadows, Conditions should be made in these loans: if a loan is glygn for a horse, it should be snore that it is used to plough for moré ‘profitable cul- tures. If a loan js given for a cow, a condition should be made that she goes to a good bull; if credit is given for seed, conditions may. be made that most of it be flax or clover. None of these conditions should be arbitrary, but should be in the interest of the peasant’s own advancement. The influence of. these credit asso- ciations may be yery ‘great. Thru their pressure, aided | by their help, many improvements may be made in the district, such as: 4 many-field ro- tation; widening of profitable crops; increase of ‘aising; improve- fire-proof build- ings; ‘fight with pests, Hand in hand with credit must go instruction. When the peasant gets a loan, he should pay it off as fast as possible. Thus, if he gets a loan’ for seed in the autumn, and then makes’ a few, rubles in the winter by hauling wood, hc should not wait till next fall to begin paying his loan, but should pay part of it at once. This will enable more peasants to be helped, and will make the final payment easier for him, If at the time of payment, he cannot pay, and wants an extension, he must make a very definite statement why he cannot. Perhaps he got too large a sum or for too short a time or for wrong .purposes, in which case both he and the credit association are much to blame and their credit suffers in the future. Perhaps he was care- less, and treated the money like goy- ernment money for which he was not responsible, Measures even to pun- ishment must be taken in these cases. But if he can show that a fire, or hail ora drought have made it impossible certainly the credit organization must go halfway to help him. What Peasants Must Get Loans? ANY committees think they should give loans chiefly to the well-to- do peasants, because they're surer to pay back, But.this is wrong. There are sometimes even committees where the mangagement is composed of ku- laks, which gives out loans chiefly to its friends or even takes a little graft for giving loans. If any peasants know of these, they should complain to the township government, or to the county Soviet, or to the provincial credit association, or even to the cen- tral bank, till they get these people cleaned out. But these are ‘also sincere commit- tees which think loans are safer to well-to-do peasants, while the poorer peasant—who knows whether to trust him?. But it is just to these poorest ones, whose last horse died, or whose wooden plough is worn ont, or whose harvest was destroyed by hail— these must first of all be helped First, because they are in most need. And second, because this is more to the interests of the workers’ and peasants’ government, not only be- cause these poorer peasants foight hardest to establish the revolution, but also because a very little loan, only twenty or thirty roubles, will give them what they need to begin to stand on their own feet. But of courgesghere are also poor peasants wh@ Joye only to live at an- other’s @& “and don’t care ‘to work, and who, getting a loan, use it not for equipment, but for clothes, or a wedding; or even for drink. That is why a credit:association must know personally the peasants, or else give to a collective which guarantees its members, and*sees that the Joan is used for the ‘purpose given. On the ottfer hand, the credit asso- ciation itself’ may be at fault, if it gives a loatf' insufficient for the pur- pose. If a nian needs 90 roubles for a horse, and has himself 45, and asks for 45, and “if the credit association gives him only 25, then he cannot buy the horse. In ‘the best case, he buys a cow and aids to his husbandry, but he may spen@it for general expenses. Or he may buy a poor horse that dies soon, and does not enable him to re- pay the loan; All these’things must be considered. By ANISE work properly if (1) the committee knows the lives of the persons get- ting loans; and (2) the peasants get- ting loans themselves take part in the work of the association; and (8) the head of the committee isa man whom the peasantry trusts. Peasants’ Mutual Ald. EN there is no nearby credit association, the peasants’ mutual aid committees may also handle loans, themselves becoming members of @ more distant credit association. Let+ ters about these mutual aid commit tees appear constantly in our papers, and we know they are of all kinds. One of the best committees we have discovered was down in Tsaritsin province. Its head is Chebotareva, a peasant woman, who is also a mem- ber of the Central Hxecutive Commit- tee of the Soviet Union, It organized a home for 60 orphans and secured five cows for them. By starting a col- lective of peasant women, it estab- lish®d a vegetable plantation and with this supported, the children for a whole year. It also ploughed and” seeded all the lands of widows and red soldiers. ‘ This mutual aid committee has a tractor which ploughs first for the poorest peasants free and then for the well-to-do peasants for money. With the money thus received, an energetic cultural work is carried on. A read- ing hut has been opened, in which are newspapers, journals and a good li- brary with agricultural literature. Alas, not all mutual aid committees are like this. Some work badly, and in some no one works at all. In some a president cannot be found, because no peasant will do the work. A sad and characteristic letter from a peas- ant reports that his mutual aid com- mittee wants five per cent a month for a loan, which means 160 roubles by next harvest in return for 100 roubles now. ‘He has heard that there are mutual aid committees which ask les, and he wants the address of one! But this js not a mutual aid committee, it is & robber band! Peasants Must Help 1? hemselves. 10 take a loan, if they give it to you, needs yo cleverness. But to take part in building up a credit associa- tion—that is harder but very neces- sary.’ From the workers’ and peas- ants’ government help may be and should be expected, but its means are small. But by uniting all our strength the peasant himself must help the peasant. Every peasant where there is no co- operative, must take pains to get one, Then he must see that his co-opera- tive, or his producing collective, joins | a credit association; or, if there isn’t one near and convenient, he must help to.form one. He must deposit his own small savings there, even if only by kopeks, and see that his co-operative does the same. He must take an ac- tive interest in its affairs and see that it elects a president who can be trust- ed, and that its loans are made sound- ly. Only the united strength of the workers’ and peasants’ government, and the co-operatives, and the peas- antry itself will bring this difficult and And a credit association can only| important work to success. The Trial of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of Murdered by the Zankov Regime By V. KOLAROV (Moscow) f da cross-examination in the trial” of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of Bulgaria, which is accused of having prepared the September revolution in 1923, has be- gun before the district court of Sofia. All the members of the Central Com- mittee as it was constituted at that time are before the court as accused: of these, Comrades Blagojew and Todor Petrov have died, Comrades Kristo Kabaktschiev, Anton Ivanov, Nikola Penev, as well as our Com- rade Tina Kirkowa have been in pris- on for a year and a half. It has been Simultaneously with the announcement of the court decision in the case of the editor, there appeared the following dispateh from Omaha, Nebraska, the scene of the last legion convention : ‘ Liquor conditions at the recent American legion convention were the subject of federal grand jury investigation today, police officers, legion officials, prohibition agents and investigators being on the list to be heard. A film man alleged to have furnished movies for the “40 and 8's hospitality hut,” depicting risque French scenes, wes one of : those subpoenaed. “Surely the bootleggers, impressarios. of filthy shows and.others ‘of that gentry, knew the type of men comprising the delegations to the ‘convention otherwise they would not have made special trips “to Omaha with their commodities. *" . The persistent exposures of the anti-labor character of the offi- ’ cials of the legion have done much to alienate honest workers from its influence. Its forte at present is aiding the sinister machina- tions of the military clique that has grown up in this country ade- quately to defend the rapacious greed of Wall Street abroad and to crush the;workers at home. We do not assail it by resort to scurillous language, but by analyzing its motives and exposing them to the working ¢lass. Mr. Hearst, af the eleventh hour, supported Al. Smith’s candi- date for mayor. Then on election day he annovhced that he sup-| ~ ported: the Tammany candidate becatise he was to carry out Hylan’s | (Hearst’s man) policies, but considered Gov. Al. Smith dishonest. | The political reasoning of Mr. Hearst is complicated, to say the least. wig _ Senator Jim Watson, the avatar of the Indiana ku klux. klan, is to greet the well-known violin virtuoso, Mr. Charles 8. Dawes, who ‘pets as vice president (when he remembers to get np in the morning) when he arrives in Indianapolis for a monologue tomorrow. The United Front in Detroit: Nenry Ford atid the Detroit Vede-, ation of Labor unite to re-elect the mayor-of the city.» _ 6 i gh ride a ead Sie ae i communicated to us that one of them, Comrade Anton Ivanov, has been tor- tured to death in prison in the most brutal way, and as regards the others, no one knows whether they are now in the prisoner's dock or have been murdered. Comrades Georgi Dimi- trov, Todor Lukanov and Vassil Ko- larov are out of the country and are being tried in their absence. The Central Committee is accused of having, in 1919, begun. working systematically towards the overthrow of the existing order of society in Bul- garia and of having issued the call to immediate action in Sept., 1923. Fur- thermore Georgi Dimitrov and Vassil Kolaroy are accused of having direct: ly taken part in the insurrection’ for which thpy have twice been tried and twice condemned to 15 years penal servitude. “The acts of which they are accused are punishable by penal servitude for from ten years to life- long duration, IN September 12, 1923, the White Guardist government according to a@ pre-arranged plan, took action for the destruction of the Communist Party and of all mass organizations of workers which were untler the lead ership of Communists, on the pretext that the party intended to declare an insurrection on September 16. Of course, the government had absolute- ly no proofs of this, and its campaign was;nothing more nor less than a bloody provocation which had, been previously prepared against the party and against the masses under its guldance, s A*¥ear and a half have passed si mq The public oroeutiy » ‘ i ; ' tH whe / 1) Dimitri Mitrev, eyqNicotai Gramovski, 3) Stoyan Komov. +) wasili Mule tarov. 5) Ivan Maney: 6) Atanar Genchev. 7) Bio Bakalov. 8) Yeko Dimit. rov. 9) Ivan Mando¥. “10) Spus Muletarov. 11) Brayeko Lukov. 12) Welkc ee have industriously eallected evidence by studying the material and the facts of all the numerous law suits which have taken place thruout the country in connection with the September in- surrection. But they did not succeed in proving anything, apart*from the fact that after the provocation trom the government, the Central Commit- tee took the side of, the masses who had been so abominably and brutally attacked, and that it took the lead in their armed defensi¥é, The accusation fratied in this way only serves however, to confirm our statement that the government (bli- berately provoked fe insurrection, This is why the ggyernment's faith- ful public Drona were compelled to defend it by declaring that the whole activities of the. party were cri- minal from the moment of its join- a ei ‘ pe attack ) Wolkov. ing the Communist International and accepting its program and its tactic onwards. Not only the members o the central committee but also th whole Communist Party of Bulgaria and the Communist International, whose aims and tactics are dealt with in detail in the bill of ‘indictment were in this way brot before fhe court of Sofia. pga “defenders of the law” in Bul- garia took not less than a year and a half to discover what was “eri- minal” in the program and activities | of the Communist Party, tho these had beenxearried on before the, eyes of thé whole people. This “enlighi enmetit’®’was only vouchsafed then, when é Zankoy government of gon. erals and professors gave the signi on the xf workers.~ By this, however, they only showed once more that they are the thralls of the ruling fascist capi- alist crew. Of course, we have no objection to the basis of the accusation being thus extended. Neither the accused com- rades, nor the party, nor the Commun- ist Internationa! will be disconcerted j its Bulgaria by it. The White “administration of justice,” which has already soiled it- self for ever by its cruel sentences on innumerable fighters from the ranks of the working’ masses, and has ¢losed'~ eyes to the daily sanguinary crimes of the ruling bandits, is only exposing itself more than eyer to ri- dicule, GHOSTS! SORKERS gathering to conside1 ways and means to improve their conditions have met before—yes, even Negro workers. And yet, at the first news of a call for a Negro Labor Congress, the de- fenders of capitalism “got nervous.” Most fantastic stories were issuéd in the press. ‘The president of the A. F. of L. began to speak of “danger,” Rumors, both written and spoken, told of Bolshevism creeping into the ranks of Negro labor. i, And as the Negro Labor Congress opens its. very. first session, the Chi- ago ‘Tribune,, notorious advocate of Nordic Supremacy” and responsible or fanning the flames of the Chicago ace riots..of only a few years ago, rints a dispatch to the effect that a strict’ céfiférence of. the, .Afr:can iethdédist episcopal church at Kirk- ood, Missouri, passed a resolution salling on Negro labor “to discounte nce all efforts at sowing Bolshévism ‘ami Communism within its ranks,” hat also, “We emphasize the value f cur race group of standing Square- ly back of capital in this country, Strange words—strange warnings! “Bolshevism-Communism - LaborCapi- tal,” all in connection with the calling f a conference of Negro workers and all jointly made by the press, , the head of the leading body of American labor—and the pulpit! at And yet these warnings were to be expected—by those who know the wost simple facts of the life of the Negro worker in this country, the role of the press, the officialdom of labor dd the ¢hurch, f The facts of the life of the Amer can Negro Worker are appalling. You of them in tae Negro Labor Year Book of the Tuskegee nstitute. The press is the spokesman of that ‘lass in society which owns the ineans of production and suppresses the workers both Negro and white, and keeps from them not only what they produce but also their most «lb ementary rights. ‘i ? he chirch—has always “stood squarely back of capital,” to. dope the workers’ with contentment on this earth (despite. miserable conditions) and to promise him compesations in “heaven.” Religion, with unfortunate- ly such. a heavy hold on the Negro workers, has long been known as the | macnn pium of the people” and is only too venerously dispensed thru the 47,000 ‘ Yegro churches, and 46,000 ‘Sunday st schools in this country, 2 The press, the pulpit, offi¢ialdom of labor, disregarding the fatts that villy-nilly force workers regardless uf olor to seek promotion. of their in- / terests thru organization, have joined ‘o deery this effort of Negro workers nd attempt to frighten them with the bogey of Bolshevism. But oppressed workers are not so casily frightened. Despite the pop- ular conception, “ghosts” do not frighten Negro workers—not even Belshevik ghosts, .. The Negro Labor Congress is not Communist. But Communists believe it is a step forward. And Commun ‘ists bid it welcome! _ What do you earn? What are con- litions in your shop? How do you ive? Write a story for The DAILY VORKER, A i ah ee ae Worker Correspondence will make the DAILY WORKER a better paper ~send in a story about your shop, \"