The Daily Worker Newspaper, July 30, 1925, Page 4

ORE Ao EROMRENRRBCIINE 0 cmrErse me SIENA T PRET Ty eee RAIL UNIONS OF INDIA BATTLE OPEN SHOP OF BRITISH RULERS: ASK AID AGAINST PERSECUTION is By ART SHIELDS, (Federated Press Staff Correspondent) NEW YORK, July 28.—Sixty thousand railroad workers of northwestern India who have been battling four months against the North Western Railroad Co. that operates over a 1,200 mile territory from the Punjab to Bengal are appealing to the Amer- ican labor movement to help them carry on the fight that means the life or death of their organization. The appeal was transmitted by M. A. Kahn, general secre- tary of the northwestern railmen, to his fellow countryman, Sali- endra Ghose, secretary of the Friends of Freedom for India, with instructions to take what steps were necessary to put the case, with its desperate need, before the American labor unions at | organization. THE DAILY WORKER once, and Ghose says that a campaign will be gotten under way speedily. Strike Against Opén’Shop. Nothing so critical’ as Whe ‘present strike has been seen fm the rather brief history of the tratignort unions of India. Previous .walkuts were smaller and more logal in character. Tho strike started as a defensive mea- sure when an organizer was, discharg- ed from a repair shop, and quickly spread over the territory. A recital of conditions among Indian rail workers shows why they welcome Hours are 12 per day for all the northwestern workers save some of the more highly skilled men and wages range from 8 annas—16 cents—to 3 ruppees—$1—per day. Tho lowest wages barely permit a worker to buy enough bread or rice for him- self, on a slim ration basis, with noth- ing left over for family or extra per- sonal expenses. Political Persecution By British Government, Not only are hours long and wages a lower minimum even than in the mining towns of Ms Wirginia. Na- tionalist papers fro’ Hata tell how the workers are housed in company huts and barracks within the railroad | compounds under the tyrannical super- vision of company police. At present many of these miserable houses have been taken by a policy of evictions, Where the courts have not intervened the workers have been housed in hastily erected emergency homes on waste Inads or lands loaned by sympathizers, Fight to Finish. The North Western Railroad is clo- sely allied with the Imperial govern- ment which guarantees its five per- cent dividends and is, showing its sympathy with the employers by per- secuting the strikers. ernment communique -from Simla warns the public that the strike is a movement of illiterate workers and will be resisted by the government to the finish. On the other hand, the All India = : low but civil Mberties appear to be at | today may be their troubles tomorrow, An official gov- | Railwaymen Unions’ Federation with which the Northwestern strikers are affiliated sends out @,call for solidarity and support whicl ‘follows, in part: Indian Labor Galls for Aid. “The workers must bear in mind that the troubles prevailing among the North Western Railway workers as the flat denial of any sort of ne- gotiation strikes at the very root of trade unionism in India” “The conditions of strikers and thefr families ma be better imagined than described. Seventy-five men have already been (June 23) hauled up and are being tried in Criminal Courts at Sukkur, about 35 men have been arrested at Lahore and about a dozen at Krrachi. “They require proper legal defence, and their families, including many thousands, require immediately mone- tary help, Some of them are anxious to go home but are stranded for want of train fares. “The public and all the Unions should at once contribute their mite to ernment nea TSS TWO WORKERS, DEPORTED FROM MOROCCO, JAILED UPON ENTERING FRANCE BORDEAUX, France, July 28,—Al- fred Schmidt and Hermann Oescher, arrived here from Morocco, having been expelled by the French on the charge that they “were Communists”. They were arrested and thrown into jail on their arrival. BRYAN PASSES. SHORTLY AFTER MONKEY’ TRIAL Commoner’s Last Fight Was with a Fly William Jennings Bryan is dead. The man who has appeared oftener on the front page than any other political figure in this country’s history, pass ed away at the home of a frien Chattanooga, Tenn shortly after the Scopes trial, where Bryan led the forces of superstition against science. Bryan’t last spectacular appear in public life was a fitting climax to a life spent in exceeding windy plati- tudes and making money. He was the All-India Railwaymen’s Unions Federation at its office at No, 72, Can- ning Street, Calcutta.” LONDON, July 28—Miners from the colleries around Durhan mobbed Dr. Welldon, dean of Durhan Cathed- ral, because of their resentment of re- cent statements made by the church- man about the threatened coal strike. Give this copy to your shop- mate. RUSSIA T (Continued from Yesterday’s Daily Worker ) SYNOPSIS—The preceeding instalments of the official report of the British Trade Union Delegation to Soviet Russia told how well the Soviet government treats its counter-revolutionary political “prisoners, and de- scribed the Soviet form of government. The preface and introduction told of the extent of the travels of the seven members of the delegation, who, visited not only the industrial centers, but took extended trips thru the agricultural regions. The last two instalments took up the question of Soviet finances, which is being continued today. The instalments will ap- pear in the DAILY WORKER every day. * e * * The Budget of 1923-24 increased in its totals by half a mil- liard—an augmentation that can be compared with that of the Tsarist Budget of 20 years before, 1904, which was 2,738 million roubles, as compared with 2,235 million roubles in 1908. This increase in 1904 was the result of the Japanese War, but the augmentation in 1923-24 was partly the result of a return to normal conditions, partly of a revival of economic productivity. Thus the total of foreign trade rose in 1923-24 to half as much again; the internal trade total trebled; freights rose by half; the credit on free balance at the National Bank increased five times. The country consequently carried the increased burden without being checked in its growth, Growth of Budget ri It follows then that the Budgets are growing rapidly in their totals, and this process having now passed through the stage during which the Budget was restored to its normal form and. function, a question may arise whether the growth is not ~- than the growth of the national income justifies, In comparing present with pre-war figures it must be re- membered that the Empire included industrial districts of Polard and the Baltic States, from which large revenues were received. Various estimates calculate the national income at 0 pre-war roubles a head as compared with 101 pre-war roubles m 1913. This, with a population of 130 millions, gives 6.5 mil- liards, and a Budget of 1.4 milliards would, allowing for the d fference in pre-war values, be equivalent to about 15 per cent. of the national income. This would not be an undue burden, Another estimate, that of Gosplan, puts the total of production in milliard roubles, as follows: 1913 at 18.2; 1922-23 at 10.7; 1923-24 at 12.1. On this basis the Budget revenues would be 18.9 per cent. of that value in 1913 and 13 per cent. in 1923-24. Another calculation shows that the increase of the Budget total by 200 millions had absorbed two-fifths of the increase of the national income. All this seems to compare well with pre-war conditions in Russia and present conditions abroad. Budget Deficits The progress made towards balancing the Budget may be summarized as follows: In 1921 the deficit in proportion to the total revenues, both ordinary and extraordinary, wag 86.9 per cent.; in 1921-22 it was 83.1 per cent.; in 192: it was 40 per cent.; in 1923-24 it was 2 per cent.; and in 1§ 25 it is estimated at less than 10 per cent. These figures show a remarkable financial re- covery. Ordinary and Extraordinary Budget it will be observed that in the Budget for 1924-25 ordinary revenues cover ordinary expenditures, and there is on this basis no deficit at all, The extraordinar yexpenditure is represented by the financing of industry, agriculture, ete.—that is, invest- ments hy the State in State enterprises—and is covered by loans aud vrofits on coinage (not on paper currency). This would seem to be business budgeting, provided the State enter- Pp are good investments for the national savings, as to which information will be found elsewhere. Internal Loans The substitution of credit operations for currency emis- sions as a means of balancing the Budget began in 1922-23. The fir-t loans were for short terms and in kind—bread loans, sugar loans, etc. They were a transition from the levies in kind of War Communism to the long term money loans of today. The lists for the bread loans were closed early in 1924 and for the sugar loans soon after. These were followed by the First Lottery Loan to be taken up by workers and peasants, which produced some 48 millions, as much as then did all the taxes together, and of which about half was actually subscribed by wage-earners before the list was closed. At this time also a small floating debt arose from the renewal of short-term Treasury bills for the financing of the short-term Budgets. The Budget of 1923-24 shows a deficit of 457 millions, which is covered to the amount of 195 millions, by currency emission, by 30 millions of foreign. valuta, the proceeds of the sule of wheat, by 22 millions of sales of stores, and by 200 mil- lions “‘eredit operations.”” The next series of loans were long-term loans floated in the course of 1924—the 8 per cent. Internal Gold Loan, the 6 per cent. Rural Lottery Loan, and the Second Lottery Loan, of which the first is to be taken up by industry and trade, the second by agriculture, the third by the well-to-do in the towns, The following figures show that the proportion of the 1923-24 deficit to be covered by credit operations—namely, 200 millions had practically been provided by mid-summer, 1924. Since then the loans have been going off well, though it would be interesting to ascertain the proportions of purely voluntary subscriptions. $ |. Budget of U.S. S.R. Showing Distribution of Credi THE OFFICIAL REPORT OF THE BRITISH TRADE UNION DELEGATION TO SOVIET RUSSIA ’ Thru Courtesy of the International Pub- lishers Co. « ta Among Federated Republics. (Millions of Tchervonetz Roubles.) Russia + 49.9 - 151.0 ORDINARY— Associated Departments Unassociated Depts, Reserves 4.7 Subsidies 16.0 Miscellaneous . 9 EXTRAORDINARY— Commercial Credits Industry & Housing Agriculture & Co-op. - Fai ll. Budgets of U.S.S.R. for 1923-24 and 1924-25 ORDINARY REVENUES— 1, DIRECT TAXES. (a) Rural .... (>) Industrial . (c) Income; Property . (d)'Income from Leases (e) Sucsession (ft) Levy for Famine 2. INDIRECT TAXES. (a), Excise... (b) Customs 3. DUTIES. (a) Stamps (b) Others 4. POSTS AND TELEGRAPHS. 5. RAILWAYS 6. STATE ENTERPRISES, (a), Industries (b) Commerce (¢) Banks . (d)»Forests * {e)®Mines .. (f) Miscellane: 7. REIMURSEMENTS 8. MISCELLANEOUS REVENUE Total. EXTRAORDINARY RECEIPTS— 1. SALE OF STATE STORES 2. CREDIT OPERATIONS, (a) Lottery Loan IL. (b) 8 per cent Gold (ec) Peasants’ Loan . (d) Other Loans . 3. SILVER AND COPPER CURRENCY 4, FOREIGN EXPORT VALUATA 5. TREASURY BILLS RENEWED 6. PAPER CURRENCY Grand Total ws... ORDINARY EXPENDITURE— 1. Union Departments and Establishments Commissariat Industry and rade . ef Commissariat, Transport Commissariat, Army and 2. Fe ed Departments and Establishments 3. Non-Federated Departments and Establishments 4. Reserve Subsidie: 5, Credit Operations Total Ukraine ‘Caucasia Turcoman Uzbeg. 12.7 5.6 1.0 2.8 40.2 20.6 3.5 12.8 2.9 on 5.0 —- - 60.8 26.2 5.0 15.6 1.2 ~ mad cag 1.0 - = oad 8.0 — - = 1.2 =_ _ 18 a 3 Raid 73.5 26.2 5.0 15.6 Budget “Control” Budget 1923-4, Budget 1924-5. (Estimated.) 1924-5, (Approved.) (In Thousand Roubles) 186,575 250,000 250,000 51,311 66,000 66,000 45.850 70,000 _ 80,000 3,000 10,000 "10,407 555 si Ging _ 18,000 18,223 tg i} 4 _ 424,630 213,71 ‘301, ~ 374,000 i om 8) 75,000, 75,000 72,000 ,000 = 13,059 72,000 88,059 63,000 68,369 619,393 780,000 785,000 7 50,000 61,495 45,781 18,000 22,339 10,000 15,000 20,000 42,991 60,000 60,154 < i 9,520 9,395 12,000 if 12,658 108,167 155,000 186,168 19,520 16,510 19,750 4,388 4,267 1,433,525 1,881,398 2,025,244 EXTRAORDINARY EXPENDITURE: — 1, Industry... 2. Agriculture .. 3 Famine Relief . 4, Unemployment 5. Communal Cre 6, Electrification and 7. Financial Reform 8. Shipbuilding 9. Leningrad Flood Reconstructio Miscellaneous Co-operation Karelian Republic Grand Total ..., (Signed) ® 22,980 10,250 21,715 40,000 » 40,000. 30,000 27,000 30,000 30,000 48,500 50,000 50,000 86,000 — = 200,500 120,000 110,000 a 80,000 80,000 30,800 — - i) ae = 195,600 = — = 457,91 210,250, 211,715 — @ 1,890,616 2,091,648 2,236,959 Budget “Control” Budget 1923-4, Budget 1924-5, (Estimated.) 1924-5. (Approved.) (One Thousand Roubles) 124,502 112,408 123,662 48,379 63,000 _ 68,369 672,521 780, 785,000 361,448 378, 378,000 1,176,173 1.307,990 1,321,064 122,566 162,700 163,955 168,163 202,000 243,200 95,000 107,278 162,700 =e 1,880,098 1,959,159 85,610 59,6 71,948 61,779/ 40, 4 61,700 ~ 48, 47,825 _ 4,000 4,000 2,000 5,000 26,500 42,468 37,900 37,915 _ A 10,000 — 5 5,000 = 12,000 12,000 5000 = 20,408 sy phy = a 912 217,255 277,800 1,890,016 2,286,009 tO 4 a) $. G. SOKOLNIKOFF, Commi; .of Finance, E, REINGOLD, Director Budget Department. Copyright in the United States by the International Publishers Co, y All Rights R. Copyright by the Trades Union Congres: Il. Budget Accounts for 1923-24 nicknamed the “Commoner” because he pretended to be the man “of the people,” as most any successful dema- gogue in a capitalist country must. Killed a Fly According to reliable reports, the last act of Bryan before he passed away was to kill a lower form of life in the shape of a fly. To the end he was the bitter foe of anything that was not in the market for real estate, Bryan being a famous.man will be eserved, s General Council in Great Britain. REVENUES COLLECTED buried in the Arlington National Ce- Union henctia) Paha. ‘Total. metery. Millionaire distillers and beer ORDINARY REVENUES— District, _Caucasia. barons may visit’ his tomb afd ly 1. DIRECT TAXES, (In Thousand Rubles.) wreaths on bis grave. ‘This: will Davie (a) Rural ... 153,674 3,706 1,420 158,800 more ironical than the life story of (b) Industrial 63,808 1,655 2,866 68,319 the man who claimed to have made (c) Income, Property 61,512 1,320 830 63,662 sacrifices for the people. ‘" (d) Other Taxes 758 92 23 873 Democratic leaders, while outward- (e) Income 799 _ _ 799 ly shedding tears over Bryan death, toe inwardly thank their stars. Lately a: WABI RREY Fikes, 280,551 6,773 5,129 292,453 Bryan has made a nuisance of himself “ (a) Excise es 224,792 6,937 11,281 242,010 __| With his religious bunk. The practical (>) Customs 59,224 2545 «3,939 © 65,708 «| catholic section of the democratic party, prefers to worship their reli- 284,016 8,482 15,226 307,718 gion at a distance. They have a well developed contempt for religions that 3. DUTIES 61,663 2,253 2,201 66,117 take to the vacant lot. They also know 4& posts AND | the more it is talked about the TELEGRAPHS 41,520 2,228 > 1,950 45,698 eos. beanie ‘Melleve 18 tt. Thay ware very angry with Bryan for waking the 5. RAILWAYS .. 581,985 15,593 32,851 630,429 sleeping Darwinian byll pup. 6. STATE ENTERPRISES. Would Be: Abb 7m (a) Industries 31,231 _ - Had Bryan lived, the next conven- (b) Commerce . 12,193 228 159 55,088 tion of the democratic party would be od ide ” 11,288 bd divided between those who felt that ‘orests 36,762 2,659 332 39,753 (e) Miscellaneous 3,283 2,438 457 Girne. |G Base Raney StS oe v ’ fe - of life and those that believed they 94,752 5,319 948 101,019 [same reer oy 4 ag awa rib. By 7, REIMBURSEMENTS 18,036 202 468 18,706 rege ey casa poke mpl ic § 8. MISCELLANEOUS .. 10,419 342 345 11,111 erly conduct, and Bryan would get on the front page during the whole con- Total 1/372,942, 41,197 59,112 1,473,251 vention which might last until the EXTRAORDINARY RECEIPTS— next century, 1. SALE OF STATE Altogether, worse things could STORES |. Sn 30,320 265 i 165. 80,750 happen to the democratic party. | Bryan’s death. With a quarrel 2, CREDIT OPERATIONS. , tween Dawes and Coolidge looming, (a) I. Lottery Loan . 51,664. — - 51,664 the democrats feel that a nomination Ne Il. Grain Loan 7,022 — = 7,022 for the presidency in 1928 will not be c) Sugar 10,890 = _ 10,890 ii h ofan dueilt abit Wadeth (a) Transport # apm teniae uiee: Certificates 23,750 — at pt Aas (e) IL. Lottery Loan 32,448 — pate 32,448 Bryan was born in Salem, Illinois, (f) 8 per cent Gold Loan, 25,594 — = 25,594 in 1860. He was nominated for the (g) Peasants’ Lan ssn 39,811 — - 39,811 presidency on the democratic ticket ae sh eae in 1896, after he delivered his famous 191,179 191,179 “| “eross of gold” speech. He was nomi- 3. FOREIGN EXPORT nated for the same office twice more VALUTA ... om 26,260 = he 26,260 but he never landed. The voters. fiis- 4. PAPER CURRENCY ..., 180,415 - 15,600 196,015 took eloquence for pier: den. re were afraid he was too intelli . Am AT8 265 15,765 444,204 Had he waited until after the Scopes } trial, he might have pulled thru. Grand Total .. 1,801,116 41,462 T4877 1,917,455 Nominated Wilson CREDITS OPENED He nominated Wilson at the. Balti- Union Far East Trans- Total more convention in 1912 and served iis wanesan Hot ; as secretary of state in Wilson's ca- ROS: binet. He broke with Wilson over pi ik MO oes tig the submarine note to Germany. Diir- ing late years he has devoted himself ‘cette a ee A816. Ae 120,485 | o the lucrative practice of selling real " . Y and Trade ecm 44,781 2,250 2,329 45.510 | 2hepte ana Cheer She ois 3. Commissariat, Transport 631,653 21,176 -22°802 675,681 | ABYAD Was Very. toed.ot money Be 4, Commissariat, 325,849 5.517 8,505 339,871 | 0Mce figured in @ case where he sitc- 5. Commissariat, 29,159 930 406 30,495 ceded in inducing a wealthy old Ne- = vraskan to leave him his fortune esti- ‘ 1,142,863 34,447 38,482 1,215,792 | mated at nearly half a million dollars. 6. Federated Departments... 144,486 3,067 3,406 150,959 Bryan wrote the will, bequeathing the 7. Non-Federated Depart- estate to himself leaving to the widow ¢ 143,606 5,160 19,569 168,335 of the deceased with the proverbial My Pry itd < 12,221 34,093 |-dime, instead of the legal one third. } paidend - ie 120,043 | His greed resulted in the supretie ° court leaving Bryan without a sou. meeps abate Petar Since then, Bryan went after the EXERAORDINARY EXPENDITURE— Ws dough at Chautagua courses and in 1, Industry 90,736 — 2,191 92,927 other ways. He died a rich man, be pt nm | —_ -, . . Fi sly tie credit: 2,000 _- _ a 60 Lith i WwW . Housing), etc, 1,357 _- - : . ectrif ition 46,248 - _ sez to Hold Convention . Commerce — Industr: per aaa sare in New York, Oct. 14 Capital on 2,000 - - 2,000 i 8. Commerce—Transport, ' The Lithuanian Women's es. Working Capital ...... 3,000 on, - 3,000 | sive Alliance, an.organization of u ees: anian working class women 225,009 a 2,504 227,513 | carries on fraternal, benevolent, edu- ' cational and similar activity, 18 to Grand Total 1,797,879 42,674 76,182 1,916,735 [hold a national convention in E. REINGOLD, York City on October 14. At a district (Signed) Accuracy of Accounts The State accountancy of footing to what it was under War Communism and during the first transition years to the New conomy Policy. Budgets were merely approximations and had little relation to the results subsequently realised. Thus the revenues which in 1922, were estimated at 1,707 millions pre-war roubles pro- But if the annexed Table II. of Budget estimates for 1923-24 be compared with Table III.—the realized revenues and expenditures—it will be found that the Budget figures do now represent the facts, ing this information, the Delegation’s experts were given access to confidential data in the Commissariat of Finance as here and these, like other data in this chapter, can be. substantiated generally if required. Though it is not easy tc: duced 794 millions. reproduced, verify all details in the present of the competent devartments, ie (To be continued in next issue) convention held in Carpenters Hall, Springfield, Il, Nellie Malonius, an active member of the Young League, was elected in a field of candidates. Nell Katulis, of Chi reported the convention for the “ The first nis”, organ of the Lithuanian Sect! of the Workers Party, and add the convention, telling about the work done by the organization in ar bras a Chicago, where she is an ac- tive member. Pea Was George Starkevich, of Springfeld, also spoke, bringing the of the A. L. D. T. S., the “ Literary Society”, whose tl of members have rendered yervice in many working class oaighs, ‘ Director of Budget Department. the Union is on a very different For the purpose of obtain- ] state of statistical development BY op ite Write the story about your Order a bundle to =.