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THIS Is Devoted to the Activity and Interests of the . Trade Union Educational League (7. U. North American Section of the RED INTERNATIONAL OF LABOR UNIONS a THE T.U.E.L. Represents the Left Wing of the Labor Movement. Purpose Is to Strengthen the Labor Unions by Amalgamation of Existing Unions, Organization of the Unorganized, and by Replacing Reactionary and Cla a Unified Program for the Transformation of the Unions Into Organs of Revolutionary Class Struggle for the Overthrowal of Capitalism and the Establishment of a Workers’ and Farm- ers’ Government. DETROIT NAIL DRIVERS STILL SAWING WOOD Hutcheson Pla ys The Ostrich Act (Special to The Daily Worker) DETROIT, Mich.—The mess in which “Brother” Wm. L. Hutcheson has Involved the Detriot carpenters’ movement in his attempt to out-czar the late Nicholas has been thrown in bold relief by the events of the past week, that Local Union No, 1191 of Detroit no longer exists and has notified mem- bers that unless they signed his yel- low dog pledge and transferred to an- other local they would forfelt their Czar Hutcheson has “edicted” | rights as individual members by June 18th, That date has come and gone and on Sunday, June 28, the members of Local No. 1191 celebrated the opening of their new home. At this celebra- tion, Frank X. Martel, president of the Detroit Federation of Labor, com- plimented Local 1191 as being “more substantial than any or all other lo- cals of carpenters in Detroit in main- taining union wages and closed shop conditions.” Everybody but Hutcheson. Other speakers, including represen- tatives of the four largest carpenters’ locals spoke in a similar strain. As these statements are true it becomes apparent what harm Hutcheson is do- ing the Detroit movement by expelling Local 1191 merely because they refuse to accept his bullying. It also indi- cates that neither the carpenters’ unions nor the general labor move- ment in Detroit are prepared to sac- rifice the unity of the movement to the whim of this peevish autocrat. Hutcheson has ‘decreed that all members of those local unions not yet expelled must sign the yellow dog Pledge or stand suspended by June 15. When members of Local 19 who did not sign on the dotted line challenged Jack Welsh, Hutcheson’s flunky in the President’s chair to throw them out if they were not members, this yel- low turn-coat replied weakly that he had no instructions yet. When Hutch- eson sends instruction he'd better send Dutch courage along with it for | and deave a greatly weakened organ- —)T.ULE.L. TAKES PAGE B. L.) L. U.) Ite Collaboration Policies with Unions Work Together Against the Bosses; Need Amalgamation PATERSON, N. J.—(FP)—Ribbon weavers organized in the Associated Silk Workers and United Textile Workers’ Unions are demanding 12) per cent wage increases from Pater-| son silk mills. The unions are work-| eg together to secure their demands. his cowardly crew have a big job ahead of them. “No Such Union.” Hutcheson’s stamp licker, Frank Duffy, has advised Local Union 2140 that the general office has “no such union” in Detroit and has returned three months’ per capita tax sent in to protect the rights of members some of whom are credited with 40 years membership at the general office. It will be remembered that Local Union No. 2140 circularized the brotherhood regarding the illegal and unconstitutional expulsion of its pres- ident, Wm. Reynolds, exercising a con- stitutional right for which it is now paying the extreme penalty. Local Union No. 2140. made the union wreckers of Indianapolis think twice and then change their minds on this expulsion after they had resorted to the use of police and injunctions. Duffy is also to find himself a'liar on the above statement before the final gong has sounded. Not Through Yet. Approximately 800 carpenters, in- cluding two whole local unions; have refused to sign this yellow dog pledge. Hutcheson maintains that by this ac- tion they have automatically suspend- ed themselves. If he gets away with this autocratic bluff it will deprive the Detroit carpenters of every vestige of militant and aggressive leadership ization led by a group of reactionary lick-spittles to fight the most aggres- sive open shop builders’ organizations in the country. The menace of these dirsuptive ac- tions goes far beyond the confines of Detroit and threatens not only the morale and integrity of the brother- hood, but must inevitably shatter the organizational strength by which wages and working conditions are maintained. f It behooves every carpenter to take this up in his local union and call Hutcheson to an accounting before he wrecks what little organization has as yet escaped the blight of arrogance. Getting a DAILY WORKER sub or} two will make a better Communist of you. | Winning Fight Put Up | delphia has scored another victory in THE DAILY WORKER LEADING PART IN SHOE STRIKE In Philadelphia (Special to The Daily Worker) PHILADELPHIA, Pa.—The Shoe Workers’ Protective Union of Phila- the strike against the open shop start- ed seven weeks ago by a combination of bosses. The Philadelphia Shoe Co. has set- tled with the union granting all de- mands after a ten-day strike. Recog- nition of the union working card and. the yearly, instead of the former six- month agreement are the outstanding gains made by the union. Only One Left. The Star Shoe Co. remains the lone contender against the union’s demand that all workers must have a union working card. At a union mass meeting the an- nouncement of victory over the Phila-| delphia Shoe Co. was greeted with a great outburst of cheers and en- thusiasm. The strikers were pledged BRITISH UBOSSES TRY ARTFUL GAME TO FORCE UNEMPLOYED TO SCAB LONDON, July 6—A committee recently formed by the Federation of British Industries is making pro- posals to the British tory govern- ment to subsidize industry instead of paying the unemployed workers the present unemployment insur- ance, The employers are raising a great propaganda to'the effect that work- ers who are getting the miserable unemployment: dole “don't want to work.” : the next day to work and watch ag: not to give up the fight until victory HAT is the fight all about? Thre | Garment Workers’ Union, to wit, |from the International, pending vestigation against their several ex-| | ecutive boards for “conduct calculated | | to impair the usefulness of the Inter- national Ladies’ Garment Workers’ | The fact of'the matter is that any | Union” (see letter of Israel Feinberg | worker can ‘but barely exist on the |i. Joint Board, dated June 11, 1925) dole, if he cando that much, but | ang “unbecoming the dignity of the| that they »won't blackleg (British of those who are employed, and the boi want the dole cut off to force the unemployed to bid for jobs at any price and help the employers in itheir war to destroy the unions. SCABBY BILL LEE FAILS TO PUT IT OVER Ter comaie von es |Other per Don’t ters broken into by gangsters hired by | Sigman & Co. and the members per- | | Admire His Plan manently routed from possession. | offices held by them.” lar, in having views different from | those of Feinberg, Sigman & Co., in inviting Communist speakers to a May ist demonstration at the Metro- |politan Opera House, and purchasing | shares in Camp Nit Gedeiget—a work- controlled, as Sigman, Feinberg & Co, | maintain, largely by Communists, and \eral, and criticizing the members of the Joint Board. Truly, heinous) crimes! WE SING, WE DANCE, WE PLAY— AND WE FIGHT FOR THE RANK AND FILE IN LOCAL 22) Tk eaten F you think it fun to work all day, and to watch all night, and then again | B. W. 53 STRIKE succession, and see how much fun you get out of it. has done, it, for several weeks now, and intend to continue doing it for many more weeks to come, or until the in-+ | 260; Jessup Mill of Bliss Co. by 60; ain, just try it—for a few nights in And yet, Local 22} fight is won—for we are determined is ours, e locals of the International Ladies’ locals 2, 9 and 22 were aurpenane |Pennsylvania Textile Workers Tire of $6 To $12A Week; On Strike SCRANTON, Pa.—Silk workers on | | strike claim that their weekly wages | same work for which Paterson silk workers get $14 to $20. Most of the strikers are miners’ daughters or wives. Paterson workers are organ- ized in the Associated Silk Workers’ Union, an independent organization | its activities into Pennsylvania. It | has opened an office in Allentown, further away. The Blakely mill of the Amalgamat- | ed Silk Co. is tied up by the strike of | its 300 workers; the Frisbie Mill in| Dickson by 120 strikers; the South Dickson Mill of Bliss Co. by 250 strik- ers; Priceburg Mill of Bliss Co. by the full support of the entire mem- bership. The strike originally started as an offensive against the union by a com- bination of small bosses. The union immediately organized its forces and became the aggressor with the re- CLEVELAND.—June 29th dawned cool and cloudy and thus the reputa- tion of President William G. Lee of the Railroad Trainmen as a weather prophet was destroyed. “Hot weath-| er” was the excuse used two weeks | The sanie tactics were tried at Lo-| 42d Providence Mill of Bliss Co. by cal 22, but we were prepared for them. | 110; John Kingsley Mill by 60; and And so the watch patrols, hourly and | Providence Spinning Co. by 60 strik- nightly—inside and outside the head-|€TS. The strikers ask wage increases | /quarters, ready to defend with our Ff $3 to raise their scale to $15 a week. lives if necessary what is ours, what |~ |we have built up with long years of | UF “headquarters with leaflets until sult that up to today after a number of live-skirmishes on the picket lines, two of the shops have settled and the settlement includes the yearly agree- ment. The splendid fight put up by the union shattered the forces of the bosses and many of those are now considering a “quiet, gentlemanly set- tlement” with the union without a strike. The only struck shop remaining has been deserted by the newly organized bosses’ association. The strikers pre- dict a speedy settlement of the Star Shoe Co. strike, which is unable to get either scabs or any of the shops to do its work. Frank Di Liberty, national organiz- the Feinberg’s, the \we were compelled to issue a leaflet lexplaining the true situation. Their yellow journals, like the “Forward” |and other Socialist dailies slandered ‘us in their news and called us strike- | breakers. But we are all undaunted, | We are being attacked on all fronts, and we will fight them on all fronts, Once and for all the corrupt official-/| dom must be dealt such a death blow that it will never again venture to} resort to the tactics they have used ago by Lee to call off a peace confer-| labor—against ence between railway and labor ex- Sigman’s and all the other corrupt j ecutives to have met here June 29. | officials, whose only purpose is to | Lee’s other excuse, that many of either rule, or wreck and ruin our or-| the rail pregidents expected to be in ganization. The membership is with London for the International Railway | us one hundred per cent (our shop Congress proved as futile when Rail-| meetings, called after the illegal sus- way Age, organ for the rail interests, | pension, has shown this fact), and is replied brusquely that “only two or| willing to support us wholeheartedly, three presidents plan attendance at) financially and otherwise. Thirty thou- London.” sand members are with us in this Other Unions Cold, | fight against our corrupt officialdom. The proposed conference was Pt Rede we win? I believe we will. have been a sort of “get-together” to OT content with suspending us prove that the interests of railway- pending the trial of our Executive | men and their employers are “iden-| Boards, the officials have gone to the| tical.” Heads of other railway unions, | various shops and demanded that the however, believe that co-operation be-| workers not supporting the Joint | gins at home and, declined .to accept | Board be discharged. In many in- er of the Shoe Workers’ Protective Union is in charge of the strike, Needless to say the union is gain- nig in membership and prestige as a result of the energetic and successful struggle it is putting up. Members of the T. U. E. L. are taking an ac- tive part in the strike and the union especially at the present time. Thirty Per Cent Cut Too Much for Lowell Workers; Close Mill LOWELL, Mass.—All departments of the Lowell Silk Mills are closed by the strike begun by 50 girls who protested against wage cuts from a re-assignment of work. Weavers de- clare that their work would pay $1.49 instead of $2.24 per 100,000 picks on one kind of work, which would equal a cut of $5 a week on two-loom weavers and $8 a week on three-loom weavers. The majority of the work- ers find that their wages would be cut about one-third under the new scale and doubling up of work. The T. U. E, L, has distributed many leaf- lets against wage cuts. invitations to the confab, remember-| stances the employers have been ing Lee's policy in refusing.to work| threatened and intimidated into dis- with the other organizations in wage| charging some of our most active and politigal demands. workers. We have therefore been Lee’s scheme for a “get-together”| compelled to call strikes in these followed months of patient propagan-| Shops, demanding the reinstatement da thru the columns ofthe Railway |0f our discharged brothers and ‘sis- Review, a weekly published in the|ters. Not alone are we engaged in interests of the ;railways. The cul-| holding the fort—in defending our minating article, “What Are We Go. | headquarters—but after a sleepless ing to Do About It?” contained the | night, you will find us, at five o'clock plan for the harmony meeting of ex-|in the morning on the picket line, ecutives and/labor heads, now def-| Picketing the struck shops. initely killed by the indifferences of | rH history of the nefarious prac- both sides. tices of the joint board is not yet No Strikes In Sight. complete. In addition to all these As a mattenof fact there is no par-| crimes against the membership, they ticular hostility between the execu-| have called a lockout of the book- tives and railway labor since the ac- | keepers and stenographers employed complishment. of the post-war defla-| by Local 22. We explained td the or- tion program, | gasiiser of the union, that due to the The weakness of Lee’s scheme for) present situation we could not employ harmony was. demonstrated by Lee/the nine clerical workers the union himself recently when he announced | had employed during ordinary times; regional conferences of trainmen to| that in fact, we could not employ seek in increase in wages. These| more than four. We were willing to meetings are little but war councils | let all employes divide the time be- in effect, as the trainmen’s executives | tween them, and that when the con- will consider the extent of claims to | troversy was over we would pay them be placed against the railroads and/| for lost time. This they refused and, tain their own power. IELLOW workers, we ask your sup- port. The day watch and the night! watch, the picket line and the other) struggles in our union will go on, but we want you to help us to carry on our fight. Do not permit the corrupt official- dom of our union, and their lying press to make you believe in their twisted and perverted version of the facts; do not let them convince you that this is a fight against Commun- ism only; it is a struggle for rank and file control in our union. It is a fight for all that the progressive ele- ments in all unions hold dear. Help us with your moral and financial sup- port, Our fight is your fight. Our victory is your victory. And with your support, we cannot fail; we must win, Skilled Textile Craft | strength against us, to suppress us and main-|8tamd. They packed all their machin- es Page Three iin NE ATER NRRRRNENS SprameThanemRe cco i EC: « "LEFT WING, AS USUAL” LEADING \Corieipendent ‘Tells Of Heroic Struggle By BERNARD TREMBACH, (Worker Correspondent) BROOKLYN, N, Y.—The workers “of the B. W. 8S. shoe factory, situated |on Powell street, Brooklyn, New York, are still on strike, On this date, they are completing the tenth week of jtheir fight for better working condi |tions, and complete unionization of the above factory, Ten weeks, in which the workers Their offense consisted, in particu-| have been from $6.50 to $12 for the have had to combat the bosses, the slackers in the ranks, and demoraliza- tion. The bosses have tried their darndest to demoralize and disrupt the strikers’ ranks by various clever strategical moves, They spread the rumor that they ingmen’s camp at Beacon, New York,| which has been attempting to extend | were going to leave the business to | Sell out, in other words, | afterwards Immediately they told some of the |in consorting with Communists in gen-| but had not reached Scranton, much | workers that they were going to move }and were renting their loft out, Spirit of Victory. Soon afterwards, one of the bones asked a member of the strike commit- tee how long they were going to strike. The striker threw these words into his boss’ teeth: “We'll strike until October, then put on our winter coats, and keep on striking.” The boss had no words to say in answer to this defiant statement, The spirit of the workers ts uneabt- able. The men give up practically all |of their time to strike and picket duty. As Usual, Especially is it noticeable in the left wingers of the crew. As usual the most militant, these men work all hours of the day and quite often, late into the night, picketing the shop, and watching the bosses. Right now there is a crisis. The bosses are making their last desperate stand. They decided to put all their into one final, desperate ery and material into trucks, hang out a sign, “For Rent,” and parked their trucks in a garage! But did this strategic move make the strikers lose hope and give up? No! they did not lose hope in the least, Just Move Picket Line, On the contrary, recognizing this last move for what it was, they. went about reorganizing they could discover where the 7 | Picket line, even before the work Started, about the factory. ‘Khey are converting this desperate move, on the part of the bosses, intc a further manifestation of the work ers’ power and ability and prove tc the bosses conclusively that the strik jers' militancy and fighting strengt! will eventually triumph over the capi talist forces. Victory in Sight. Asks for Wage Raise | | } PATERSON, N. J.—(FP)—Reed-| makers of the Paterson silk textile industry are asking for a new wage| scale which will give them a 30 per| cent increase in wages. They are or-| ganized in Local 1006, United Textile | Workers of America. Their work is very important in the silk weaving. Write the story about your shop— measures to be taken in case the /| instigated by the joint board, declared roads fail to “come thru.” a lockout. against us. They picketed Order a bundle to bosvlaaetonae there. The bosses’ last defences are bein; battered down. The strike is nearin; its end, and the strikers are about t have all their demands materialize¢ Such work as the men have been dt ing has only one end, and that is complete vigtory, Trust Tog! Appointed, SWAMPSCOTT, “Mass., July 6- | The appointment by President Coo | idge of John B. Stetson of Philadelphi to American minister to Poland, | announced here today. el THE OUTLOOK OF THE STRUGGLE IN THE L ral ivajudtion of the Possible Results of Sigman's Pogrom.) HE pogrom which is now going on in the International is by far not ended. The lynch trial at the Hotel Cadillac is not thru with a third of its victims, but the outcome of the lynching party is already decided. If the pogrom leaders will not con- demn all the 77 of the accused, they will lighten the sentences of a few in order to save their faces. The rage of the union membership will surely not be aquieted by this trial. Oil is be- ing constantly poured on the fire, and the rank and file of the union is de- termined not to let injustice be victor- ious. « The spirit of the widest masses of the cloakmakers is against a retreat, against surrender and for a struggle to the finish to win once and for all a union for themselves, for the workers, not for a machine of corrupt politic: jana. What, then, is the outlook of the struggle? Which side has the best possibilities for success? | oo an questions are on the lips of thousands of individuals who are involved in the struggle. And some give various replies, There is a certain element of sentl- mentalists, mainly observers from the outside, who do not analyze the whole situation but always in such cases have definite solutions. Children, they say, do not quarrel among yourselves, because your bosses will be the only victors in this. HERE are others who do not think about the situation and sympathize ive pirnegie of ie. bok peared, chine are committing great injustices against the membership, but who, out of habit, think that “you cannot fight City Hall.” The Sigman ma- chine is all-mighty, it holds the offici- al machinery in its hands,. and they are therefore afraid to oppose this power, UT in the present struggle in the the International, it can be seen that the widest mi of cloakmak- ers and dressmakers do not agree with the above-mentioned views. The tac- tics of the yellow leadership has long since implanted in them too much bit- terness and disillusionment. And now, the last act of the Sigman clique has roused a mass revolt. The membership insists that resistance must be offered and the largest part of them is determined to do every- thing necessary to liberate themselves from the clique. ET us consider those opinions, On the point of view of the sen- timentalists it is mot necessary to waste many words. I once saw a hooligan in Hester Park attack aJew- ish young man and beat him up. An old Jewish lady came up to the injur- ed one and reproached him saying, “It is not nice. Jews should not fight among themselves,” The cloakmakers and dressmakers have already received blows enuf both from the manufaturers and the ma- chine leaders of the union. Were they not to defend themselves, the attacks would be intensified, . Peace does not depend upon them, but upon those who attack them. So long as blows are showered on them, so long as the leadership of the union be-| machine is in the hands of hooligans Sim OS 0 caters Raper 2 the suffering of others, peace cannot be made. All the acts of violence must be op- posed, and the power of the official- dom must be fought, else they will In reality, the leadership’ of the Sig-| ND so in the course of two years, man machine in the International ia the Sigman administration is long since been bankrupt. From the| marked by one failure after another. very start it followed a course which|The organization campaign which foretold its downfall. they undertook in the east and the west brot no fresh blood into the continue in their deeds and your wounds will deepeh and your pain in- crease. ET us clarify this generality also. When workers are struggling against their own union machine be- cause it co-operates with the bosses at their expense, that struggle can not serve the interests of the bosses, but only of the workers themselves. There is a saying “when you shear the lamb’s wool, its young shiver. When the bosses see the militant spirit of the workers, when they see a struggle which is an expression of dissatisfaction, they try to be more conciliatory in order to quiet this mili- tancy, The bosses cannot win any- thing out of this struggle of the work- ers. On the contrary, they would gain much more if the cloak and dress- makers were to remain silent for the sake of peace. The bosses would win much more if the workers would swallow every violence on the part of their leaders, he is much more important to con- sider the second point. Can the Sigman machine win in the present struggle? Those who see things clearly must answer, No. Under no.circumstances can the Sigman machine win any- thing. Whatever the outcome of the struggle may be on this or that point, one thing is generally certain, that the Sigman machine has lost, the po- Brom wl bpd Sigman took over the presi- dency two years ago, he ventured like a gambler, The industrial condi- tions in the ladies’ garment trade was at that time not of the very best. Working conditions in the shops were miserable. Thé‘union apparatus was disorganized, Bureaucracy ran ram. pant. There wére no trade policies. In fact, the only“policy they did have, was to have no policy. The member- ship were isolated from activity and control of their ‘organization. Their wants were noticonsidered, and their a tisfaction was consequently great. Under such conditions the or- ganization required a leadership with a sense of responsibility, It needed strong hand and a clear, cool head. —The head of a man, not of an idiot, and the hand of a working class leader, not of a cossack general. It needed a leadership which should fol- low a constructive line, carefully planned, UT Sigman, with a strong will, ventured like a gambler, and drew under his strong hand some of the worst irres ible union politic- jans. With the, help of Perlstein. Feinberg, and Go., he undertook to bluff the public, to throw sand into the eyes of the workers instead of do- ing something which might better their working conditions. Instead of the strong hand’ 6f a leader, he put ule-driver, instead which. workers would nd up'a club, Instead of ‘Th of its rule, , old wounds, he prodticed union. This was because, while on the one hand they undertook to or- ganize, on the other, proceeded to break, ‘And so these mule-drivers suc- ceded to destroy that which others built. The Sigman machine declared a holy war against the most militant section of the union membership. They carried destruction and de- moralization everywhere. And for this activity they expended fortunes. The treasury was emptied, and the International was thrown into heavy debt. ¢ AND when the Sigman machine undertook an industrial program of “ten commandments,” the failure was still greater. This was due to the fact that Sigman and his colleagues were as earnest in this as in their organizing activity. They adopted this program only to deceive the workers, and by no means to scare the bosses. When the time came to put out demands, they maneuvered those “ten commandments” into the hands of the governor's commission. Nothing resulted from the demands of the workers, Conditions in the shops became worse and worse. AST year it was still possible for the Sigman machine to deceive the workers with the arguments that the demands were not yet lost, thet the decision of the governor's com- mission was only temporary, It was only a question of an investigation, they said, of continuing under the old working conditions for but one year ore, In the meantime “they. had Lie le a etiam oreo ceeerrmemmmnenemeeniere L. G. W. given us this great gain, that each! boss must employ not less than 14! operators, etc., etc, N° this year is also past. The so- called gain of the 14 machines proved to be, as we pointed out even last year, another one of Sigman’s fakes. The “ten commandments” turned into Hillquit’s memorandum, in which the demands were destroyed by Sigman even before the commission gave its decision, It we summarize the Sigmanism of the last two years, we get the fol- lowing: The result of the campaign of or- ganization was thai isting or- ganization was demoralized, and no new ones were built. The member- ship decreased considerably. The finances he union dup, and heavy debts accumulated. bhai the struggle against the left wing, the progressive elements in the In- ternational have been immensely strengthened. Sigmanism itself, with its terroristic tactics, helped to spread the revolutionary spirit. The revolutionary program of the “ten commandments” turned into the biggest fake which has ever been staged by any union politician, Sigmanism is bankrupt all along the line. Whatever it touched, whatever it undertook to carry thru, resulted in the opposite of what was intended. In the present pogrom, the Sigman machine is gambling its last card, They musi got the last decision of the governor's commission. They nr ugt forcibly seize positions in the largest locals. They must find a way to smuggle thru their rotten aggreements with the bosses. They must therefore eliminate the ae ee eee pane *, By P. Yadite, official “disturbers” of these locals. They must get local positions in ¢ | der to out-maneuver the internal o ponents of their own machine. They must find a way to continue deceive the membership, and to hi their last bankruptcy, a ae 4 inpac necessitated the pogrom. Tb made it necessary to seize the cal offices with slnggers in the m dle of the night. This made it nec sary to adopt the methods of gamble who have lost everything, and thr their last card into play, From the latest developments int pogrom itself, it can be definite said that Sigman and his colleagy have lost even their last card, Th machine might have saved itself, the suspended executive boards b accepted their sentence quietly, mi ing no resistance, The Sigman r chine might have extricated itself, the cloak and dressmakers had sy lowed these dirty insults, Sigma card might have won, had the cle and dressmakers not understood gambling game and played “badly, Bt the suspended officials and - / mass of the membership unc stood the game and guarded thr selves against the gambler. The sult is that the last card of the { man machine did not win. And — only thing left for them to gam with now is ihe rage of disappo ment, which remains with ey gambler when he has lost everyth With this rage, Sigman is now ca ing on his struggle. With this we he and his colleagues are still cont ing the battle, But how far ‘ proceed with this, I will f another atricle, | were moving to, in order to place the — their forces, so — >