The Daily Worker Newspaper, June 27, 1925, Page 3

ILLINOIS COAL MINERS WORK AT REDUCED WAGES Speed Up ‘System Does Away With Union Pay By TONY SHRAGAL. (Worker Correspondent.) JOHNSTON CITY, Ill, June 25.— ‘The Illinois coal miners are supposed to be 100 per cent organized, but if we investigate, we find that some of the big Illinois mines are running at reduced wages in spite of all the talk of Frank Farrington and John L, Lewis about “no reduction in wages” and “no backward step.” T am living out on a farm, and there 48 a mine within a quarter of a mile from the farm working six days per ‘week, Two men are loading from 35 to 40 tons of coal per day for $8.04 each per day. If these miners were loading by the ton at 83% cents per ton they would make from $28.00 to $33.00 per day. Real Prisoners, Any blind man can figure out that these miners are working at a 50 per cent reduction in wages. This is only one example. There is the New Orient, at West Frankfort, where the men work for the same wages. There is another mine near Mt. Vernon and if you want to get a job at that mine you have to buy a lot. Then when you go to work the company has 40 bosses over you in that one mine. This mine also has a tunnel from the wash house to the shaft, and when the men get down into the mine the company locks the wash house and you don’t go out until quitting time. ‘You are a real prisoner. . Three Enemies I know well that the men are not satisfied with such conditions, but there are three enemies to face. One is starvation, the second is the coal operator and the third is the Lewis and Farrington machine, threatening to remove the charters of militant miners locals. Lewis has many times spoken about the differences in wages in the union and non-union mines. But when a man loads 20 tons of coal for $8.04 a day, that means only 41% cents per ton, and that is as bad as the non- union pay in Kentucky, or W. Va. Slaves Will Wake Up. The time will come when these slaves will wake up and drive Lewis and company out of the unions, and get down to bettering their working conditions and wages. . Ue oh “Soviets Enter Pacifle Research. MOSCOW.—A permanent commis- sion has been organized by the Aca- demy of Science in connection with the participation of the U. SS. R. in the work of the international con- gresses for exploration of the Pacific and its coasts. The commission has already begun to collect materials for the second International Pacific Con- gress, which is going to meet in the end of the current year. Your neighbor would like to read this issue of the DAILY WORKER. Be neighborly—give it to him! PERLSTEIN’S ARTICLE OF 1922 RISES TO D <Gontinusd Sm from Page 1) is not done. The only ones who use the present unemployment are the capitalist papers, together with the capitalist. owners. They naturally, have proposed one way of solving the problem of unemployment, and that is that the worker should receive small- er wages and work longer hours. The union leaders differentiate themselves from the bosses in the solution of the question of unemployment. And they have another means—and that is to eliminate the lefts of the unions. ‘With that the whole problem is solv- ed for them. The Yellow Press. “From the wide masses so far, we have not heard what they have to say on this question. But it is pos- pry isthe hope that they will have a di it point of view. If the authors of the articles who have undertaken to deal with the question of unem- ployment in the Jewish yellow press while that we should talk over this matter, so that te gli understand this affair. “What, for instance, do the lefts want? They say that the union can only be powerful when the wide mass- es of the organization are drawn into the work of the union, and when they will interest themselves in the prob- lem. In order to carry that thru they propose one union of the many split- up locals. Secondly, the shop dele- gate system. Third, an unemploy- ment fund. Before we consider what these three points would mean to the eworking masses, let us consider the present organization form .of the union, how it is now. “For instance, the ae] board sat ‘the cloakmakers consists of ter. locals, “Hach local has its own appointees, {ts own bookkeeping, and carries thru its] shop Dae me GRAPHIC PICTURE OF CHINA ON THE EVE OF REVOLT GIVEN BY DAILY WORKER CORRESPONDENT The DAILY WORKER publishes below a most graphic pen picture of Chinese masses in motion seeking liberation for their oppressed country from the iron tyranny of foreign imperialist domination and its corruption of servile Chinese government officials, especially those of the Anfu clique heading the present Peking government. The letter published today was written two weeks before the massacre of students by British troops at Shanghai, and the anger of the masses it portrays intensified and widened AMUSO THE DAILY worK FARMERS DEMAN! RELEASE OF TWO RED SOLDIERS Wester i: Ovamtization Condemns Child Labor ANACORTES, Washington, June ER Mey aA ay poi mere Beweetiess v | Fags PROVE BRITISH DELIBERATELY MASSACRED CHINESE FOR MANY DAYS, THUS STARTING REVOLT PEKING, China, June 25.—Facts about China! The DAILY WORKER gives herewith a declaration issued by the professors of the government | University of Peking, China. In view of the growing menace of armed inter-| vention on a scale of war upon the Chinese people by foreign imperialist powers in which the American imperialist government is assisting in the massacre and oppression for their race and country, the workers of America would do well to read this damning +— m by that event, eee By SINBAD. PEKING, China, May 15. Mail.)—Not many days ago the an- niversary of the presentation of the 21 demands arrived and a national humilation day was the result. There had been planned a general protest meeting of the students of Peking but by an order of the new minister of education the meeting would ap- parently not take place. In spite of this order about four hundred students from sundry schools including christian schools came out and determined to hold the protest meeting. They attempted to gather and proceed with the meeting in Cen- tral Park, but were stopped by the police. Having been forbidden the use of the park they marched off to Coal Hill. On Hunt For Traitorous Official. There they passed resolutions of protest and proceeded to state them in person to the Minister Chang Shih- chao, They went to his office and were told that he was at home. At his home they were told that he was at his office. Enraged, they were proceeding to enter the house when a squad of police arrived and one of the students was killed. The police arrested eighteen of the alleged leaders and the mob of righteously indignant students was for the time dispersed. M Like a Living River. The next day, Saturday, in the after- noon all*the students of the east, west and south cities joined in the forces, and as the Far Eastern Times states: “The combined forces poured like a living river alongside the canal. Making their way due north for the government university, which lies un- der the lee of Coal Hill, masses of po- lice deflected them, causing them to pour north, after wrecking a motor car which got in their way. “As far as could be, estimated the columns were a mile long and num- bered about 3,000 in all, groups of women students being among them. As the men marched they uttered short, sharp cries, demanding punish- ment for those. who had’ ill-treated their comrades on humiliation day. The effect of this massed shouting was extremely, dramatic and awe-inspiring and great crowds soon lined every yard of their advance,” According to a report made by the committees representing the students there were forty educational institu- tions represented. Still More—And a Speech. On May 9 another demonstration was held at which even more students attended than at the others. Hand- bills were passed out and the follow- ing is a rough translation of one of them. “Countrymen! Do you know what kind of a government we have? “It is one which serves and obeys the orders of the Imperialists. It is + shea HAs document of facts. It follows: to oppress the people, the masses, and endeavors to deprive the citizens of (By | every right and privilege. *“When Thuan Chi-jui was in power before, he committed many treacher- ous deeds, and did many things in be- trayal of our country. We hope that all of you remember, A New Treason. “When he recently took up the chief executiveship, he flattered and tried to please the French government by presumably settling the Gold Franc case, to the cost of more than a hun- dred million dollars to our national treasury. He is also planning to be- tray his country in other ways for the sake of fattening himself. “The 7th of May marked the day when the Japanese government forced us to sign the 21 Demands, It is an unequal treaty and signed under du- ress. It should be considered the greatest shame on our country to sub- mit to that government. “Thus it is quite reasonable for thousands and thousands of our citi- zens to hold a meeting at the Tein An Men to impress on our minds the great humiliation inflicted on us by Japan. Two Traitors to China. “Unfortunately, Tuan Chi-jui, Chang Shih-chao, Chu Shen and several other officials, for the sole purpose of pleas- ing the Japanese, ordered armed po- liecemen to guard the Tien An Men where we planned to hold the meet- “The youth, the patriotic generation of our country, seeing their smallest liberty—that of holding meetings and organizing parties—prevented by the authorities, were greatly agitated. “Moreover, if no demonstration be held, even on the National Humilia- tion Day, how can we call ourselves Chinese citizens? “If we don't overthrow this kind of government, we can expect that it will carry out still more bitter and cruel acts against us . .” and so on, concluding with the demand for severe punishment of “the murderers, Chang Shih-chao and Chu Shen, a boy- cott of Japanese goods, and the over- throw of the Pro-Japanese party, the Anfu clique.” Write the story about your shop vata a bundle to distribute there. ants WRANGEL WHITE GUARDS, CARED FOR BY LEAGUE OF NATIONS, ARE NOT WANTED BY PARAGUAY WORKERS BUENOS AIRES, June 25.—The plan to bring the anti-Soviet Russian refugees who fought the workers and peasants govrenment in the army of { “General” Wrangel, to Paraguay, has been opposed by the newspapers of Asuncion. The league of nations has set up a special mission to care for these white guard refugees, headed by Col. +— James Proctor. Proctor traveled thru one which tries as hard as possible| Paraguay for a month, and favored body in the union what are the func- tions of those different locals, not one will be able to give you a clear answer to the question. Because the work of organizing the shops belong to the joint board, the work of settling differences between the workers and the bosses 1s also the work of the joint board. “The work of taking in new mew- bers, only God knows the truth, that the membership committees of the different locals are more occupied with keeping out members thin tak- ing them in. So you see that there is not one function which the local as such should have to carry thru. And naturally, therefore, there are no justifications for their existence. The T. U. E. L. and Amalgamation. “It is therefore, ‘natural that be- cause the locals have no important work to accomplish all that is accom- plished there is the creation of a local patriotism. And also small poli- tics. This brings to it, that every joint board meeting is continually oc- cupied with the politics of the locals, instead of the interests of the work- ers in the shops, Therefore, the Edu- cational League, which has taken for its objective the organization of the left elements in the unions, issued the slogan for the amalgamation of the different locals. It has been shown before that from such an amalgama- tion the union can save a quarter of a million dollars a year. This is a purely internal organizational work, and therefore reflects very strongly ‘on the activity of the organization. “Then comes the second point, the shop delegates system. The lefts show that in the present organiza- tional form of the union only 10 per cent of the membership participate in the consideration of the different questions before the organization, Be- cause in a local which consists of 15,000 members, at most a couple of sions which they make at the sec- tions, for the reason as above ex- plained, that shop questions can only be carried thru by the joint board as a whole. “The membership therefore finds itself in a position that whatever they should say at the section meetings they know beforehand that it is of no use. Shop Delegate System. “We therefore propose that instead of this, the union should be rebuilt on other foundations, where the work. er will feel that his considerations and dealings with questions in which he has a vital interest will have a chance to be carried thru, or least will be taken into consideration. We therefore, put before yon that the shop delegate system should become a legal institut! which should be able to make decisions for the work- ers in their shops where they have a chance to be acquainted with the shop questions of their fellow workers. “And if we should take into con- ideration that only the shop dele- gates themselves would be a bigger mass than all of the present mem- bership of the locals who attend the meetings, you can immediately see what kind of achievement it would be for the organization. At the same time the shop delegate would be di- rectly responsible to his fellow work- ers in the shop and at every shop meeting the workers could judge it he r nts their interests or not. The result of that would be that the tens of thousands of union men would be directly interested in the prob- lems of the trade as well as the prob- | try lems of the shop. And it would also 25.—The Western Progressive Farm- ers of the state of Washington closed Peking Professors’ Manifesto. a very interesting and important con-| “The tragedy which has taken vention here. Among the resolutions | Place in the international settlement the association passed was a protest |of Shanghai has filled the Chinese against the illegal sentencing of Walt-|"ation with horror and indignation. er Trumbull’ and Pau! Crouch by the | However, facts have been invariably military court of Schoffield barracks, |@istorted by different agencles for Honolulu. ' The immediate release of |ifferent purposes. these Communist soldiers was de-| “Seeing that misrepresentations manded. would not only aggravate the injus- A resolution to the effect that all | tice done to the dead and the living land should be owned by the state and | Ut may also tend to ferment other held by the user Was passed. An em-|®"8Ve conflicts between the Chinese phatic condemnation of governor Hart- | "4 foreigners, we feel it our duty to ley’s stand for child labor was car- |give the facts for the information of ried, the resolution stating that such |e world at large. Those who think ideas were a menace to our civiliza- | with us that international harmony tion. {and justice are desirable‘ will not A resolution condemning the squelch- hen we trust, to pay due attention to ing of proceedings against Fall ana |‘he beset Sinclair in the Teapot Dome Scandal Facts Are Clear. was passed. Norman Tallentire, dis-' ‘The facts are clear enuf. Strikes trict organizer of the Workers (Com-|of Chinese workers, demanding in- munist) Party, was granted the floor |crease of wages, had been going on for thirty minutes, and was well re-|for some time in the Japanese cotton ceived. © |factories at Tsingtao and Shanghai, The name of the organization was |and a striker was shot and killed by changed to Western Progressive Farm-|the Japanese without any justifiable ers and Producers. |cause. Against this brutal act some | Japan are still trying and may | tinue to try to uphold their prestige Curlee Strikers Are Arrested and Passing Sympathizers Beaten ST. LOUIS, Mo., June 25.—The Cur- lee clothing strikers are standing firm in spite of intense and brutal perse- cution from the St. Louis police. There have been so many arrests lately that it is almost tmpossible to | keep count of all of them. A number of sympathizers also have been beaten up and arrested for merely expres- ing their sympathy with the strikers while passing by the shops. The other morning copies of the DAILY WORKER were distributed to the strikers at their strike meeting. It was enthusiastically received by all of them. Some even took extra copies to give to their friends. The T. U. E. b. invited all the strikers to a lawn party and dance held recently. A fair number of them attended and enjoyed the program. Special attention was given to the speaking, in, order that all might go away with.a better rinse Ss of mil- itant }young boys and girls, paraded as 4 the plan to take the “Wrangel troops there. abolish the suspicion existing between the masses and their representatives. This would &lso. give the- shop dele- gate more responsibility. It would create in the union thousands of mem- bers who would be interested in the general union work. Officials Hated. “It is no secret for anybody that the present institution of business agents is hated by the workers. Not | only do the workers hate their offi- cial, but officials also hate the work- ers of the shops. This does not come from the fact that the officials are good or bad. It only comes from the fact that the workers do not under- stand the officials, and the officials have no possibility to understand the workers. This is because the workers in the shop are hurt by many small incidents that happen from day to day and which he considers of great importance, -but the official, being out of the shop, cannot feel the concep- tions of the workers on all these ques- tions, And from that comes a divi- sion of the forces, instead of unity for the general work. Unemployment Insurance. “The left élements have also pro- posed unemployment insurance fund. That means taking into consideration that most of the needle trades, and especially the cloak trade, are sea- sonal industries which work only about six months per year, and the rest of the year the workers go around hung so the left elements propose that re should be created an, unemployment insurance fund which should make possible for the tialgen to make a “tasleg! in the indus- and his work when ioeeas Deak thes tt ' Lefts argue that eT TILL LM ULL Lo LA LLLLLLLLe LLL LLL LoL LLC Ce BE SURE TO READ NATIVE SINS OF THE GOLDEN WEST THE WORKERS MONTHLY By MIRIAM ALLAN DE FORD |should be able to live in the indus- Chinese students, who were merely manifestation of protest in the streets of Shanghai on May 30 last. They were armed with nothing more than pamphlets and handbills. “The police of the settlement, which are under the complete control of British officials and consul, not only saw fit to prohibit the demonstration but also arrested a number of the students taking part in it. Then the rest of the | | students went ot the police station de-} manding the release of their fellow | students. “Shoot to Kill” Was. British Order. “The police ordered them to dis- perse. As they refused to go, a Brit- ish police inspector ordered, “Shoot to kill.” Six of the boys were killed on the spot and over forty were ser- iously wounded. This did not, how- ever prevent the defenseless students from repeating their demonstration, so the firing of rifles and machine guns continued by the British-con- trolled police for at least six days. “The exact number of casualties is still unascer‘ainable, but most reports show that ai least 70 were killed and 300 wounjed. They were all Chinese ‘and no‘ o single British or aay other natioaz! apevrs on the casualty list. Deliberate Murder Lasted Six Days. “Would any right-minded people re- gard these boys and girls as rioters and treat them to rounds of machine- gun builets? Could their manifesta- tion be reasonably interpreted as “anti-foreign” or “Bolshevized,” as some foreign-owned news agencies suggested? Were not the acts of the authorities deliberately committed, considering the fact that they did not cease for a period of six days? Why did not the Bricivit d Japanese min isters in Pekin; «ive instructions to stop the killing immediately if they international just as the manufacturer who makes cloaks six months a year, prepares himself that he should have rent to pay the whole year, he should also have for all his other necessities, for the designer and all other emplyoes, who he employs the whole year, so the cloakmaker cannot see why there is not created a way in which he/| try the whole year. Sin of Being Farsighted. “The above mentioned questions, the lefts proposed, not when the knife was at the throat, but quite a while back, They have agitated among the membership for these propositions and all the attacks which are at pres- ent made on the lefts is only be- cause they had the courage to take up problems of the membership, be- fore the officials of the union thot about it. And for the sin of being foresighted and proposing certain re- forms in our organization, about which the right did not interest them- selves, the hatred against the lefts is now so strong. And they, the rights, are justified in being so angry, be- cause the masses can truthfully ask what has the organization with their leadership done in order to meet the present crisis? “But in order to confuse the minds of the mass of the workers, who do not account to themselves on many questions within the organization, the rights show them the victories of the union and want them to believe that the left elements desire to destroy these accomplishments, The truth is that many of the fundamental accom plishments of the union, such as week work and other improvements, were established in the cloak industry in N THE JULY ISSUE OF OUT ABOUT JUNE 25 did net approve cr countenance it? Questions Demanding Answers. “These are the questions we want only te submit ard not to answer The pecple in Burcpe and America might tuink {it unbelievable that offi-| cials ef civilized governments could} ever commit or countenance such in- fernil acts, but explanations can be easily found if one realizes that for- eigners in China have long been priv-| ileged by stipulations of unjust treat ies and thereby have lost of moral and legal responsibili their fellow-men hold in their lands. “Now bitter feelings prevail among all classes of the Chinese people. Strikes in British and Japanese fac tories and boycotts against British and Japanese goods are spreading thruout the country. The ministers and consuls of Great Britain and con 1 sense es as home by their rifles and gunboats, but would their fellow-men at home allow them to go on with this kind of atrocities? Would not the common conscience of mankind demand to have the wrong- doers punished and the wrongs righted? “PROFESSORS OF THE NATION-| AL UNIVERSITY OF PBEKING.” Soviets Ralse Army Age Limit. MOSCOW.— fixing the military age for the Red Army at twenty-one years instead of the present limit of backoat years. Give this copy to your shop-, mate. A decree has been pro-| practically ; milgated by the Soviet government, jer had called Calvin. Coolidge a thief. WORKERS PARTY ATTACKS BILL _ TO GAG WORKERS ‘Rochester Bosse Would End Street Meetings By SOL HOROWITZ. ROCHESTER, New York, June 25. An ordinance in essence forbidding the Workers (Communist) Party and other radical organizations from held- ing street corner meeting was intro- duced in the common council chamber here, and a public hearing was held, with many liberal and labor unions representatives registering their pro t against this “iniquitous” measure. he protests were many but of @ bourgeois. character. The bill was termed unconstitutional, unjust, and on. Even one of the proletarian y representatives, Carl hnept, protested only on the ground that the ordinance was’ “unreasonable, uncon- stitutional, and unjust.” The air became tense when Com rade Samuel Hssman took the floor. He announced to the bosses’ tools that he represented the Workers (Communist) F J “We are at all this capitalist sys~ times opposed t tem,” Comrade Essmam said. “We are opposed to the em which engend- ers unemployment, wars, and suffer jing to the working class. “We are oppose¢ of American troops to China, to safe- guard the interests of the Americam imperialists. We use the street cor ners and other means, te carry our message to the working class.. If you take this means away from us, we shall carry our message to the work- ers in spite of you. You may jail some of us, but you cannot prevent us from exposing this rotten system before the workers.” The commissioner of public safety, in attempting to defend the bill, charged that a proletarian party spek- ‘PROFESSOR OF “U. OF C.” GIVES POINTERS ON HOW TO INCREASE NUMBER OF IMMIGRANT CITIZENS Dr. Harold F. Gosnell of the Univer: of non-naturalization. He has made of Chicago has made a study of more than a thousand a survey foreign-born persons to learn the cause of unsuccessful attempts at naturaliza- tion. Take Out First Papers. He reports that most aliens make an attempt to become citizens of the United States. He proves this by a lis have declared their tailed to complete naturalization be- cause of ignorance of the language and of the requirements for taking out their second papers. The report also carries recommend- ations. They aie the recommendations that only a professor of a capitalist institution of learning can be capable of. They do not recommend the re duction of hours of labor by law 50 that immigrants may have more lei- mure to learn the language of the country they have adopted, so that they may acquaint themselves with the form of government whose laws they must obey. The professor un- doubtedly believes that in ignorance ot workers there is bliss for the ex- intentions, but + % ¥ t of figures showing how many aliens | | ploiters. 80 he recommends that the | questions be brot down to the level of the Lo agra ’ present knowledge. anne Times Lies. PEKING. (By Mail.)—The “Dantzig” correspondent of the notoriously anti Soviet London Times reports in @ message circulated by Reuter that an uprising has taken place in White | Russia, giving the phantastic figure of an insurgent army of 60,000 men, allegedly headed by some non-existent general. Rosta is authorized to state that the correspondent of the Times has pub- lished a piece of news which ig @ DR cma Ss enoreation DAMN HIM NOW spite of their leaders. Two Birds. “In the articles which were writ- ten lately in another Jewish paper on this question, they recount among | the great accomplishments of the un ion a few things which the union bas not accomplished, things which ac- cording to them would bring harm to the cloakmakers. That is, that the cloakmakers’ union has not establish- | ed any standards of production. Na- turally, this question has little to do | with: the problems under considera- tion. Only since the president of the cloakmakers had to kill two birds with one stone, that is Perlstein from Cleveland on the one hand and the Amalgamated officials who are for the standards of production on the other, so they therefore drew in the question of standard of production in- to the same discussion. “It is not our purpose to defend the standard or any other method of pro- duction. for all, to put the question in a prop- er light and eliminate the whole part therefrom, which is being demagogi- cally used by many elements. Among them many lefts can be figured in. Standards of Production. “It is asserted that the standard of production would be a greater mis- fortune for the workers than week- work without a standard. ‘Because,’ says the author of the articles, ‘the Cleveland cloakmaker has a standard and also has no work.’ So it would be possible to turn around and say that New York has no standard and also has no work, and in such a dema- gogic way dispose of the question. “But the story runs this way: That not everywhere where there is a standard is it bad, and not everywhere where there is week work is it good. Take for instance steel workers who work week work and complain very much about their hours. It is said by the way that they work seven days a week, twelve hours a day, and get very pitiful wages. Here you have form of week work for which we am lt But it is necessary, once and | cannot be very enthusiastic. Fancy Arguments. “Now we will take a form of stané- ards: Jewish linotypers, for im ndard. That means stance, man in the linotypers” union must be able to set up a certaiz num | ber of lines in order to get the scale of wages. The linotypers work six |bours per day and their wages are not so bad. In comparison with the workers fu the other trades they cam not complain. How does a cloakmak, jer say: ‘We can only wish the other, |workers were as well off as they’l |And so we have a standard here which it would not harm for all work, ers to have. E “And so you see the question 0} | standard or week work has nothing te |do with the question. That means yor" can work week work and be had off and it is possible to have’ a standard jand have a good union and wage: | should not be bad. “They also praise themselves thal jin New York there is no standard. Po one particular that is true, That i they have no standard as to how muc~ they must make, but there is a stam ard how little one dare not’ make, Peristein “Makes It Glearer.* © “Let us make it a little clearer When a worker works by week in 8” industry where there fs no etanda established, works as easily as pe” stble when he feels assured abo his job, But when there are ten Wi jing for his job, when he knows the boss can get his work cheaper, © {he will not make as much as the bo. thinks he should make, then it ia) question how easy he should work cause he is confronted with the qu tion how hard he must work it der to satisfy the boss 60 should be kept on the fob, > “But as was said, this question not belong here to this subject, I only touched on it sup order to show how demagogic problems of the trade are d and how serious they are attack the left or op Whichever side he may ot ete el Thres o the despatching ,