The Daily Worker Newspaper, May 28, 1925, Page 2

Page Two mn mmm TO ERECT HUGE HALL FOR SCOPES" DARWIN TRIAL Bryan to Display His Antics to Crowd DAYTON, Tenn., May 26.—With the expectation that at least 20,000 per- sons would gather here July 10, for the trial of John T. Scopes, charged with teaching evolution to his high school pupils in violation of the Ten- nessee law, plans were being discuss- ed here today to build a vast tempo- rary auditorium to handle the crowd. Bryan to Perform. Judge John T, Raulston, who will preside at the trial, believes that the hearing will last for weeks and that some of the attorneys, such as Will- jam Jennings Bryan and the leading defense lawyers, will speak for two or three days. “My suggestion,” said Judge Raul- ston today, “is that a roof be built over a large vacant lot, perhaps, the Dayton baseball field and seats be built on tlers. “At the very least, the place should seat 20,000 people. In my estimation the trial is of such interest and im- portance. I believe it fair to give both sides ample time to present their cases, also have set a date when all universities and schools will be thru so that scientists, theologians and oth- er school men will be able to act as expert witnesses.” Study of Evolution Needed, It is believed the jndge’s plans will be carried out. When asked for his opinion of his indictment by the grand jury, Scopes said, “The verdict was as I had ex- pected. I am pleased with it. The question involved in the case is one that will have to be decided some time so it might as well be now. I be- lieve that the study of evolution is needed.” Scopes Counsel Also Perseouted. Scopes chief counsel, John Ran- dolph Neal of Knoxville, was dismiss- ed from the university of Tennessee two years ago for teachings which the trustees declared. were “too radical.” The attorney general had a bible at his table which he used as evidence against Scopes while the indictment was being argued. His evidence against Scopes included the textbook, “A Civic Biology,” by George William Hunter, Ph. D. of Knox College, Illi- nois, and “General Science,” by Lewis Elhuff, A. M., Yale, teacher at George Washington H. S., Pittsburgh, which Scopes had used as textbooks. U.S, CRACKS THE LASH ON ‘POOR LITTLE BELGIUM’ Allies’ Pet Martyr Told to Come Across WASHINGTON, May 26.—The posi- tion of the United States with respect to the funding of the $470,000,000 Belgian debt has been fully explained to the Brussels government in a note transmitted thru Ambassador Phil- lips, it was announced officially at the state department today. In this note, the contents of which were dictated by Secretary of State Kellogg, Belgium was informed that this government could not consent under any circumstances to receiving German reparations payments direct to Hquidate the Belgian debt, but that payments would have to be made by Belgium without any regard to where the money was obtained. oe J. Bull Bellows, LONDON, May 26.—Great Britain has served notice on the countries that owe her money that any move on their part to pay the United States should be accompanied by a similar move to pay Britain, it was officially amnounced in the house of commons today. Speaking for the government, Walter Guiness, treasury financial secretary, said: “In negotiations on the subject of debts due Britain we have made it clear that any steps taken by debtor powers to pay the United States should be accompanied by similar steps to dischrage their debt to Britain.” a ee Flunkey Makes Denial, WASHINGTON, May 26.—James W. Gerard, former. ambassador to Ger- many, today cabled President Cool- ddge from Paris, denying that he was one of the Americans abroad who are alleged to have expressed critical views of the effort of the United States to collect war debts from France and other nations. MACHINES, SWELLING PROFITS OF A FEW OWNERS, DISPLACE WORKERS AND INCREASE UNEMPLOYED ARMY By LELAND OLDS (Federated Press Industrial Editor) The report of the national industrial (employers’) conference board show- Call Out Police to Pro- ing that in March, 1925, industry was employing 20 per cent fewer workers than in June, 1920, marks the rapidity with which automatic machines are displacing human workers. With production so high that the country could not absrob all the goods turned out hundreds of thousands of workers were looking for a chance to work. The Wall Street Journal reports that B, F. Goodrich Co., manufacturers of tires and rubber footwear, are producing approximately the same number of tires as in 1920 with a little over ¢ half as many workers—15,000 com- pared with 25,000 in 1920, An import- ant factor in the profitable showing made by Goodrich in 1924, says the journal, was the installation of more modern machinery which resulted in. reducing overhead. Machines Ground Out Profits. The latest issue of Iron Age shows the following example of modern ma- chinery reducing the labor on various operations: A shop cutting bronze driving-box shoes replaced a 10-year old planing machine with a new 48-inch Gray maximum service planer. Operating time was cut from 30 to 20 minutes. The investment of $4,700 is earning annual net profits of 43.6 per cent. A railroad shop reduced the time for grinding crank pins from 45 to 20 minutes by an investment of $2,540 in new machinery. The annual net profit on the new investment is esti- mated at 108.3 per cent. In milk bottle factories the substi- tution of a jigged up turret lathe for an engine lathe operated by a crafts- man of the old school has reduced the time for making molds from 480 to 50 minutes. The addition isvestment of $4,793 made a net profit of 384.4 per cent tho the tools were depreciat- ed a 109 per cent a year and the ma- chine was busy only two-thirds of the time. Not Used for Service. Development of the internal gear spindle drive in conné¢fion with radi- al drills by the American Tool works reduced the time for boring locomo- tive side rods from 540 to 58 minutes. The time required for one roughing and two finishing cuts on the inner cam surface of a pump body was re- duced from 40 to 12 minutes by a No. 2-A Kearney & Trecker Milwaukee Milling machine. Allowing 100 per cent annual depreciation the net pro- dts of this equipment were 309.2 per cent. These are instances of the new, industrial revolution which is produc- ing chronic unemployment. The huge profits from capital invested in auto- matic machines comes largely out of corresponding reductions in wage pay- ments. In spite of the apparent main- tenance of peak wage rates the spend: ing power of the workers is steadily reduced. Making It Hot for the Ice Plant Bosses in New York NEW YORK, May 26.— A strike for a $9 and 8-hour day and the 6-day week is being waged by engineers of Local Union No. 56, employed in ice plants. Union men are warned that the ice of the Knickerbocker Ice Co., the Williamsburgh Ice Co., Ruber Brothers Ice and Coal Co., and the Putnam Ice and Coal Co. is scab ice. FOREIGN EXCHANGE, NEW YORK, May 26.—Great Bri- tain, pound sterling demand 4.86%; cable 4.86%. France, franc, demand 5.06; cable 5.06%. Belgium, franc, de- mand 4.9744; cable 4.98. Italy, lira, demand 3.99%; cable 3.99%. Sweden, krone, demand 26.75; cable 26.78, Nor- way, krone, demand 16.94%; cable 16.96%. Denmark, krone, demand 18.82%; cable 18.84%. Shanghai, tael, demand 75.87%; cable 75.8744. Island Open for Homesteads. WASHINGTON, May 26.—Surveyed, vacant and unreserved public land on all islands in the Mississippi river above Cairo, Ill, belonging to the government, will be thrown open to homestead entry, the interior depart- ment announced today. New Insurrection in Albania. LONDON, May 26.—A new insur- rection has broken out in South Al- bania and there has been “flerce fight- Ing between government troops and the Toska tribe,” according to a Cen- tral News dispatch received here to- day, from Belgrade, Serbia. i French Monarchist Killed] PARIS, May 26,—Unknown persons shot and fatally wounded M. Berger, treasurer of the monarchist news- paper L'Action Francaise, today. Getting a DAILY WORKER sub or two, will make a better Communist of you, HEROIC WILLIMANTIC TEXTILE WORKERS THREATENED BY BOSS WILLIMANTIC, Conn., May 25.—Threats of the American Thread Co. that those of its 2,500 striking employes who do not return at once will lose seniority righte are met by a statement of the United Textile Workers’ Union that the stri will continue till the 10 per cent cut has been restored. Strikers are getting some financial support from the Rhode Island Tex- tile Council of unions affiliated with the United Textile Workers. Girl strik- TAX PUBLICITY UPHELD BY U, S, SUPREME COURT Newspapers Permitted to Reveal Incomes WASHINGTON, May 26.—Thé Unit- ed States supreme court today upheld as legal the publication of income tax payments in American newspapers. This opinion was rendered by the court in a decision upholding the pub- lication of income returns in the Kan- sas City Post and reaffirmed a mo- ment later in legalizing similar pub- lications in the Baltimore Sun. The court held that newspapers may publish legally any income tax payments made public by commission- ers of international revenue by order of the 1924 revenue law. Lower courts sustained the right of the newspapers to treat as news the public report of the internal revenue commissioners, but the government held there was a distinction between making the returns open to public in- spection by tax payers and printing or publishing them in newspapers, and brought the suit to the highest court. : The opinion was read by Justice Sutherland. He said congress, in making the income tax returns public had intended they should be open to all forms of publicity. This, he add- ed, included their publication by news- papers, Wealthy persons, especially those in government positions, objected to disclose their large incomes. “Congress meant to abandon its pol- dey of secrecy,” he said. (Continued from page 1) a special role in the development of mankind. “The Union,” said Karakhan, “with its internal system and its. interna- tional policy, is a creation of Lenin— inasmuch as with his mind and genius he discerned in the complex and en- tangled developments of world policy and the internal life of Russia herself the offsprings of a new world—the world of Soviet Republics, with their power of workers and peasants and. their role of grave-diggers of capital- ism and imperialism in the common struggle with all the oppressed na- tions of the world against any form of imperialistic oppression. “Here, in China, the word imperial- ism is used very often, and the Chin- ese people—the revolutionary part— are right when they mean by it every form of oppression, violence and de- predation from which this country suffers at the hands of imperialism. To drive this evil and free their coun- try is the alm of an ever growing number of Chinese today and their struggle will have the more chances of success the better and the clearer it will be understood what imperial- ism is and in what forms it reveals itself for the most party.” The speaker then explained that im- perialism is, above all, a phenomenon of the economic order; it is the high- est form of capitalism, a stage which, in the scheme of world economy, is to be followed by the socialist order. Its depredatory nature imperialism may have been able to conceal on the eve of the world war; but, today, no one will be deceived any longer, especially here—in Asia, in China, where are to be found the chief sources of the world power of imperialism and where the latter’s depredatory policy is felt gaily by all the people as a whole and every Chinese individually, Soviet Rule Opens New Era. Karakhan then briefly stated the selentific theories on imperialism, mainly as expounded in what is called the “Leninism,” demonstrating that ours is an epoch when capitalism, or rather, its supreme form—imperial- ism, has outlived its time, and when we are entering upon a new era of a long struggle for new economic and political forms, for the rising to pow- er of the social layers oppressed as a class or nationally, “The first pages of this new era”— the speaker declares—"have been opened by the creation of the Soviet Republics and their seven year’s ex- istence.” Tells of Chinese Struggles. Karakhan then proceeded to sketch @ parallel between the struggle which the Soviet Union has gone thru vic- Chinese Students Hear Karakhan *HE DAILY WORKER LYNCHING MOB SEEKS VIGTIM AT PORTLAND, MAINE tect Jail AUGUSTA, Maine, May 26.—Harry A. Kirby, arrested in connection with the murder of Miss Aida Hayward at Winthrop, was spirited away from Cumberland county jail at Portland today and brought to the Kennebec county jail here. © The authorities adinitted that they feared open threats to lynch Kirby and every state highway policeman in Maine was mobilized to guard the local fail. Prieoner is, Transferred. The transfer of Kirby from one jail, to another was accomplished with great caution and with special squads of state highway patrolmen covering the Portland-Augusta road on motor- cycles. Plans then were begun to arraign Kirby in court on charges of murder and arson. Warrants charge him not only with the slaying of Miss Hay- ward, but the shooting of her aunt, Mrs. Emma M. Towns and the firing of the Hayward cottage at Lake Ma- ranocook. Claims He Is Innocent. Kirby has not changed his state- ment that he was innocent of slaying Miss Hayward, but that he found her body, feared that because of his rec- ord he would be blamed and sought to hide the body by placing it between, two mattresses in the cottage which he occupied at the lake. Precautions to guard Kirby were taken as the result of a gathering of five thousand persons in front of the local jail. Shouts of “lynch him” were heard on every hand. Circulation of Soviet Ruble at Record Figure MOSCOW, U. 8. 8. R., May 26.—The Soviet Union had ‘in circulation on April 1, 765,700,000 rubles, which rep- resents an increase of 35,700 rubles, and the highest figure on record. The previous high record was reached on Dec. 21, last, when 751,- 400,000 rubles were outstanding. “The appearancdiot the Union of Soviet Republics-om the world his- torical stage meant:more than a vic- tory of the oppressed class of workers and peasants; it means the vic- tory of the natiofally oppressed peo- ples of the former Russian empire and the beginning of the fight of the op- pressed peoples of thie world for their national liberation, “In this fight, the triumph of the oppressed ‘peoples“is assured,” the speaker declared emphatically. Indeed, shortly before his death, Lenin was writing that the “issue de- pends in the long run on the fact that Russia, India, China, etc., make up a huge majority of Mankind.” Lenin divided all mankind into two cate- gories—the group of oppressors and that of the oppressed peoples, three quarters of all mankind being in the latter group. Moreover, it may be safely said that imperialism is itself, so to Say, pre- paring the peoples of Asia for the fight against imperialism itself—mainly, owing to the inevitable industrializa- tion of the oriental countries and training them in the art of war. And what ts fatal for the west is that, bo- ing to live at the cost of the east, ie West must s"pply to its colonies or the semi{-colonial orlental countries the very means that will help the latter to overthrow their oppressors. Karakhan also touched upon the ori- enval and, more cularly, the Clin- ese policy of the Soviet governments, which has ever since its rise to power been inspired by feelings of brother- hood ond friendship—a token thereof eng the Soviet-Chimese agreement of . ee As the speaker had to considerably shorten his in view of the rather late hour, was requested by the audience to send them the text mere at length in print, —_———— War Department Saves Bosses Money WASHINGTON, May 26.—The war department has the sugg fon of President Coolidge and will hold a national se test on the fourth of July, instead of on Armistice Day, as originally planned, Dwight Da- vis, acting secretary of war announced this afternoon. The change was made to prevent the workers from getting an extra holiday. Baltic Beggar Nations Getting Slim Handouts From Capitalist States By J. LOUIS ENGDAHL. TOBAY, the Baltic beggar nations, cap in hand at the beck and call of allied imperialism, do not find as rich pick- ings among the great capitalist states, as they did in the days immediately following the war. Lithuania, Esthonia, Finland—torn from the Union of Soviet Republics by the Versailles peace, their economic life shattered as a result—cannot even get a hand-out from the House of Morgan. American workers might study with interest the state- ment made by Charles Walters, member of the Painters’ Union, just returned from Latvia, where he has spent a four months’ visit. Latvia, under Morgan-French guidance, is anti-Bolshevik. Here is the picture Walters paints: * * * * “The once booming industries of Latvla have gone to pot. Little remains of the great rubber and machinery plants that once were outstanding features of Riga, and the lively harbor activities of former times have waned. Unemployment is rife, wages low, where work is to be had, and the cost of living ‘high.” Morgan, the banker, agrees with the findings of Walters, the worker. Morgan knows that the city of Riga has de- faulted on her pre-war debts, and that Latvia's bankers and landlords can’t repay the loans secured to combat workers’ and peasants’ rule. he money lenders, of London and New York, are there- fore turning their backs on Latvia. Morgan finds safer fields of investment in the Argentine, rich with natural resources, where he is now floating a $45,000,000 loan. There is no use turning to France, that tried to build of the Baltic states a “cordon sanitaire” against the Soviet Union. Right now imperialist France is too busy spending what money she can get her hands on fighting the Riffs in Africa; at the same.time not being allowed to forget that her great American creditors, the U. S. government and Wall Street's international bankers are loudly demanding payment of the war debts. * e e e Economic malnutrition seizes the Baltic states just as it has taken hold of Austria, incubator offspring of the treaty of Versailles, and other nations artificially carved out of Europe, with no thought as to whether they will live or starve. They are mostly starving in the best Latvian style. While the Soviet Union is extending its railroads, re- building its harbors, reconstructing all industry, develop- ing its agriculture and working out an extensive program of electrification, resulting in the rejuvenation of the whole nation under Bolshevik rule; the reports from Lithuania for instance say that a special commission has been appointed to find out what's wrong with its capitalist rule. The coun- try is going to seed, with no direct railway connection between Memel and Kovno, inadequate harbor facilities, lack of sufficient warehouses, and other necessities absolutely demanded by the economic life of the nation. But capitalist Lithuania, like all her Baltic neighbors, stagnates with its hse and farming masses under the heel of its terror rule, , eeee The Baltic states must and will become a part of the Soviet Union. The workers.and peasants of these small nations, being closest to the Workers’ Republic, appreciate most the benefits to be achieved under liberating Soviet rule. Notice the Turcomans in Persia under the British. They are jealous of the freedom, of the new life enjoyed by the Turcomans under the Soviets. Over there, in far Asia, these Persian Turcomans are struggling to enlist under the Soviet banner. They will succeed. * ° * ° It was for raising this cry, of the march toward Com- munism knocking at their very doors, among the workers of Poland, that the Polish reaction jailed and sought the life of Stanislav Lanzutsky. Capitalism’s blockade against Com- munism—the small nations alon the Soviet Union—is crumbliing. Communism comes march- ing on in the wake of the Proletarian Dictatorship. AS WE SEE IT By T. J. O'Flaherty (Continued from page 1) Most of them, Latvia, ianiale —- the western frontier of - mers of monkdom muttered over their crackers and booze. “ns. 6 ISTORY does not record an exo- dus of lawyers to defend Bruno, Galileo and Copernicus against the ec- clesiastical witch hunters of that time. The lawyers might share the fate of the clients, and furthermore, the art of publicity was only in its infancy. If the Tennessee school teacher at- tempted to put across Leninism in- stead of Darwinism, it is not very like- ly that Dudley Field Malone, who spe- cializes in the matrimonial tangles of the upper classes and Clarence Dar- row who snaps his pet suspenders and drenches emotional juries with tears of eloquence in prosperous murder cases, would be now on their way to Dayton, Tennessee, giving their serv- ices free in his defense. Such is evo- luttion, ‘O sooner had Wall Street's battle- ships finished the maneuvers in the Pacific, maneuvers directed at Japan, than another offensive of Ame- rican imperialism was organized with @ base in the same region. The new game will be called “peace maneu- vers” and the object is, obviously, to cover up the belligerent aims of the recent war games with a pacific smoke screen, It is announced that, the nationals of seven countries will PERSIAN TURCOMANS’ REVOLT IS REACHING LARGE DIMENSIONS, WITH SOVIET AS ULTIMATE GOAL confer at Honolulu for two weeks be- ginning July 1. se ef fl Seite od will be representatives there from Canada, Australia, New Zea- land, Japan, China, the United States, and the Philippine Islands. With the possible exception of China, Japan is completely isolated in this conference, And the chairman of the American group is Dr. Ray Lyman Wilbur, presi- dent of Leland University, Jr, and brother of the secretary of the United States navy. Among those backing the conspiracy are Rockefeller, the oll mogul; Barney Baruch, the gambler and subsidizer of the Williamstown Institute and practically every faker who has been used by the capitalists for years to bluff the world into believing that Wall Street had only pacific intentions, This outfit will bear watching, ne GET A SUB AND Giv= ONE! BOSTON! BOTH KINDS OF EDUCATION AT BRT. MEET Chamber of Commerce versus Foster By Paul Lukachie CLEVELAND, Ohio, May 26.—(By Mail).—The Ladies Auxiliary of the Brotherhood of Railway Trainmen held their meeting May 21-25 while the B. of R. T, was in convention, The chamber of commerce thought that it would make a hit with the B. of R. T. by lolly-popping the ladies’ auxiliary, So after making a long speech a chamber of commerce guy presented the president, Clara Brad- ley, with a large and expensive fan. Then there was an enormous box of chocolates brought in by two men. The box weighed about 75 pounds and each lady was presented with a piece of candy. It should have been taffy to match the flattering act- ion of the slick bourgeoisie. Finally, the chamber of commerce presented the auxiliary with a large flag (mot a red flag, however) and got them to march around the room with the flag. Then they got the ladies to singing “My Country ’Tis of Thee.” But not everyone stood up during the singing. While a sympathizer here was dis- tributing handbills advertizing the Foster’s meeting of railroaders, he got to an engine in the yards but was told someone had beaten him to it and the engine crew already had a handbill. While talking, along came a rail- road shopman, rushing thru the yards with still more leaflets distributing to those who had not yet received them. All were interested and showed the discontent of the railroad men with Bill Lee’s treachery and class collabo- ration policy. AVERAGE WAGE 1S LOWER THAN GOVT, MINIMUM Garment Workers Need Demanded Raise NEW YORK, May 26.— Wages in the cloak industry are still far below the sums needed to support a family of five, say the International Ladies’ Garment Workers in their final brief- ed arguments before the Smith media- tion commission which is sitting on the demand for wage increases and other improvements in conditions. The average cloak worker earns $1,760 annually and the amount esti- mated by the bureau of municipal re- search for a family of five is $2,066 a year, leaving a deficit of $306. The department of labor estimate of a living standard is $2,088; the labor bureau’s minimum for unskilled work- ers’ costs is $2,275 and for skilled workers $2,889. The glaring difference between the $1,760 paid the average cloak worker and these figures disposes of employ- ers’ arguments that demands for small increases are excessive, Graft Trial of Congressman D. WASHINGTON, D. C., May 26— Congressman W. Langley, of Ken- tucky, under indictment for conspir- acy to violate the Volstead act, was granted a separate trial today by the district of Columbia supreme court. Philadelphia Workers Party Outing Saturday, May 30, 1925 at BURHOLME PARK, Admission Free. SPORTS GAMES_ REFRESHMENTS Directions--Take Car 50, stop at Cott- man St., walk west 3 blocks, you will. meet the crowd. « FOR RENT—IN NEW YORK 8-Room Apartment, completely — ftur- nished until October at $30.00 per month. One block East of Central Park, Opportunity for reliable com- rades. Apply: Room 33, 108 East 14th Street. BOSTON! _ ATTEND THE GRAND - PICNIC. of all organizations, W. P. A., Local Boston 4 at UNITY CAMP, SAUGUS, MASS. ” SATURDAY, MAY 30 (Decoration Day) Finnish Brass Band of 35 Pieces. Sports Large dancing floor and refreshment hall under roof. Rain will not interfere. Grounds open at noon, Admission 50 Cents. Refreshments LONDON, May 26.—Dispaches from Persia state that the uprising of the Persian Turcomane against the British rule is reaching large dimensions, The Persian Turcomans aim to establish their own Soviet government and ee RT torfously against the world imperial- ists and the struggle that faces China, a parallel from which this country must draw hope and courage, DIRECTION—Take Elevated to Everett; Car to Malden Square. From there take Bus to picnic grounds, ers are visiting Rhode isiand textile towns to collect additional funds. State police detailed by the governor of Connecticut, ate guarding the plant. The fight has Msted nearly three months,