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! Page Six ‘THE DAILY WORKER. Published by the DAILY WORKER PUBLISHING CO. 1118 W. Washington Blvd., Chicago, DL (Phone; Munroe 4712) bag oaegaehi ens RATES By ma $3.50... Ys poniee $2.00...8 months By mail (in Chicago only): $4.50....6° months $6.00 per year $8.00 per year A@dress all mail and make out checks to THE DAILY WORKER 1918 W. Washington Bivd. fn _.Bditors ~ 3. LOUIS ENGDAHL ie Business Manager WILLIAM F. DUNNE MORITZ J. LOE Entered as second-class mafl Sept, 21, 1923, at the Post- Office at Chicago, Ill, <> \ Towards World Trade Union Unity Advertising rates op application The question of unity of the working class organ- izations against the powerful attacks of European and American capitalism has become of. pressing im- portance. It is more than important: it is fateful for the future of our movement and the movement of the organized workers of the worlds In the last few months the prospect of securing that unity has definitely come nearer. But unity will not be achieved unless the representatives of the trade unions (head offices, districts and branches) and the mass of the workers themselves are fully aware of the urgency of the question and the need of giving it our strongest backing. In this country one of our great difficulties in the past... has been... lack of the necessary news of what was going on in each separate country. ... The so-called socialist press in continental countries cannot be relied upon at the present time (as | know from my personal experience all the time we were in Russia and also in Amster- dam) to give an unbiased presentation of facts, The above'are extracts from*the preface written by A. A. Purcell, president of the International Federation of trade union unity, to the Monthly Circular of the labor research department of the British Trades Union Congress. The publication of this bulletin has been made necessary by the sabotage off the unity drive by the} right wing of Amsterdam and by the Second Inter-| national. Purcell sets forth in some detail the betrayal of unity by the Amsterdammers and considering the habitually restrained expressions of our British brothers, his statements are doubly damning.. He says: the conduct of official representatives of the other trade laudable exceptions) has been one of extreme.» hostility to proposals emanating from the General Council of our Trade Union Congress and that this hostility has led them into acts of trickery—it is union movements (with certain best to speak plainily—towards our own trade union movement cannot be doubted. To see this it is oflly necessary to read some of the statements they \made succeeding our |. F. T. U. meeting at Amsterdam this month. Both Oudegeest and Jouhaux (not to speak of Vorwarts) have made it plain that they regard the so-called “compromise” motion carried there as a smart piece of work that defeats our nine months’ endeavor to attain international unity thru the medium of an “immediate unconditional conference.” Last week we said that the report of the British trade union delegates to Soviet Russia marked the beginning of the sweep. of the influence of the Rus- sian rerolution into. the Anglo-Saxon countries— countries where for certain reasons its effect has been less marked than on the European continent and the Far East. The drive for unity of the world tional of Labor Unions has been greatly strengthen- ed by the official report of the British delegation. with which the social- democracy and the ¢apital- ists had concealed the great events taking place in | Russia. The publication of the report is coincident with the launching of an intensive campaign for unity by the British trade unions marked by the establishment of a press devoted solely to the end of exposing the Amsterdam and socialist traitors. Monthly Circular of the labor research department Trade Union Unity—whose name declares its pur- pose—with an editorial board composed of A. A. Purcell, Edo Fimmen and George Hicks. Things are moving in the labor movement of the world. The agents of world capitalism are on the defensive. “the task of the Workers (Communist) Party atiTrade Union Educational Leagite ig to bring the best elements of the American labor movement into step with the world swing to unity, We begin tomorrow the publication in serial form of the special supplement on Interhational Trade Union Unity from which we have quoted. _ tom now on we shail devote much space to ex: tracts from all publications favorable to world trade union unity. In addition we will publish quotations from the report of the British trade ution delegation and endeavor'to give the Amer- ican, workers a clear impression of the immense importance of the relations established between the All-Russian and British trade unions—the most important international event, since the signing of the Russian-Chinese treaty. “Hivery day get a “sub” for the DAILY WORKER asd a member for the Workers Party, emer eerie pte ‘ “ai ore Gib acer ntnalane do tar ane tiilt ronan caitiereretanttimmtl bogens In addition to the special supplement to the| $2.50...8 months | Chicago, tilinele | under the act of March 8, 1879, | at | More Polish Capitalist Brutality | The Polish government by. shooting on their way to Soviet Russiatwa,;Communist prisoners who were to be exchanged :has set the world a new pre- cedent in studied brutality and disregard of all in- ternational agreements.” The theory of the’ Polish government seems to be that with the backing of France and America it can bathe in the blood of the workers to its heart’s content. This theory may have some basis in fact as it is certainly true that Soviet Russia will not make war on Poland even to save the lives of de- voted revolutionists. But there are other matters that the Polish gov- ernment would do well®t> consider, such as the former rather friendly attitude of the massés out- side of Poland toler désire for national freedom, | the interest with which hér attempts to restore na- tional unity were watclied, the toleration with which the bloody ‘exeesses of her government were first received, ‘Even’ when ‘she started war on Soviet Russia at the- behest of allied imperialism she had the sympathy of millions of workers who knew nothing of the sinister forces backing Poland. All this is changed. The Polish workers altho a rigid censorship exists and’ the jails are filled with trade unionists and revolutionists, have succeeded thru the Communist International, in getting the ear of millions of their fellow workers. It is a hopelessly ignorant worker who does not know today that the Polish government is a government of murderers, grafters and degenerates that first betrayed the Polish masses to the-allied imperial- Trade Unions, to. the first issue: of} the special supplement, devoted to international |}, .|great lesson to the workers who still have faith in trade union movement istarted by the Red Interna-| ary policy that now places the social- -democracy in It has blown away the fog of lies and half-truths| That the vatican and its followers in Germany will exact important concessions in return for entry into | the British labor movement is now publishing | povince. existence on such elements simply commits suicide. thru continual compromise which drives the work- ers ever backward. The Communist Party fights bravely every kind of ¥eaction, but its main task strong in Germany, but, its constant treacheries, the proposed coalition with the vatican most of all, make it easier to point out to the working class its real role—that of an agent of reaction and counter-revolutioh? \! Cc ists, slaughtered thousands in a counter-revolu- tionary war and that now crushes mercilessly trade unions and revolts alike. Poland is caught between Germany and Russia. Her natural. resources and factories are being plundered by French adventurers who plan on the existence of Poland for ten ‘yeark only. Thé masses are poverty-stricken, but the landlords and capital- ists have greatly enriched themselves. Economic- ally, Poland cannot survive as a national entity. Politically she will go down beneath the feet of her working class when they can bear no more. When that day comes the Polish ruling class will pay for every broken strike, ‘for every torture, for every murdered worker and for such bloody utalities as that of shooting working class prison- ers on their way. to be exchanged. Get a member for the Wérkers Party and anew ‘ubseription for*the DAILY WORKER. Social-Democracy and the Vatican The ne\ws from Germany following tlie indecisive eleetion returns indicates clearly thé’ hopeless bankruptey of the social-democracy.. The socialist press echoes the liberal press and announces its willingness to support a candidate of the catholic center party to defeat the nationalists and ‘mon- archists. * The Communist Party candidate, Comrade Thael- mann, will be in the finals and if the social-dem- ocracy makes the proposed coalition, great numbers ofothose who voted for their candidate, Braun, will support the Communist Party. The situation in Germany, the manner in whicli the social-democrats run around seeking a way. out like rats whose burrows have been closed, is parliaments and capitalist democracy. There is no freedom for the masses in Germany and there has been a progressive decline in the number of their privileges ever since the overthrow of the monarchy that was to have been the first step towards liberation. Germany is still in the Kerensky period and the social-democrats seek to preserve merely the outward forms of democratic procedure. The bogeyman of the monarchy has been used by the social-democracy to frighten the masses into making concession after concegsion to the industrial lords and their puppet government. It is the ldgical outcome of a counter-revolution- the position of looking to the party of the vatican as an ally. ‘a coalition with the social-democrats goes without saying. Bavaria is a catholic state and the vatican has long dreamed of a new catholic empire, to re- place Austria, with Bavaria as its center. Bavaria is largely agricultural and the peasantry is the bul- wark of reaction of every character. Large num- bers of the special terrorist police, the “green” police, are recruited from the rural districts of this “Republicanism”: that depends for its Any president elected by the proposed coalition would be a dictator of the’most ruthless type, an. emporer in all but-name.’ ©. Catholicism is a survival’ of feudalism, its out- look is that of the middle ages. Thé German social- democracy, it seems, has“not yet reached the full depth of betrayal. It is willing to aid and accept the aid of the most reactionary force in Burope to maintain its bureaucrats in office. It is evident that the German working class has a bitter struggle ahead of it, a struggle to which all its previous ones have. been mere child’s play. Only one party in Germany tells the masses the truth—that freedom lies thru struggle and not is to break entirely the hold of the social-democrats upon the masses, i Tradition of social democratic leadership is the scherzo of = SSE ee as THE DAILY WORKE AMERIGAN TRADE IN CHINA GOES STEADILY DOWN Russia and Japan. Cut Out U.S. SHANGHAI, April 1.—Although the United States shipping interests are gradually gaining control of the com- merce sent out from here, the largest port in China, American business firms are losing their hold on manu- facture and trade, within China, The figures show that in 1922 Amer- ican ships handled 48 per cent of the shipping out ef Shanghai to the United States, amd :this figure was in- creased to 50 pen cent two years ago and 54 per cent;last;year. On the other hand, the participation of American miefchants in Chinese trade to the United States fell off from 35 per centr 1922 to less than 30 per cent last!yeir: These figures are based on the percentage of ex- ports from Shanghai to the United States handled by American firms. _'The reason fof this slump, accord- ing to American Coftsul Cunningham, is, the more active participation of other foreign firms in Chinese trade. Coolidge is finding it difficult to ap- point someone tothe vacant post of American ambassador to China, as American imperialism has received heavy blows: in the far east recently and the post has grown important to Wall Street. Japan and RusSia have closer con- tact with China than ever before and the United States capitalists are growing desperate. MUSIC... By ALFRED V. FRANKENSTEIN. DWARD COLLINS, one 6f the best of the local pianists, was ‘soloist with the Chicago Symphony‘orchestra at Orchestra Hall. He gave the first performance of his ‘owm*piano’ con- certo. Of this the‘ first’ movement is terrible and should be destroyed: in some painless: manner. ‘in*the last two sections Collins ‘has done a big job and done it well.” His slow sec- tion is somewhat in*the nature of a modernized Chopiti. nocturne. His last movement is called “Allegro. Rit- mico (All Americana)” which in rhythm, melodie dine, and to a.certain extent’ is ‘orchestration; ‘is in jazz style:’ "Trite, the jaz2 of the movement is a8°far femoved’from the real thing as Orchestra Hall is;removed from a cabaret, but neyertheless, it; is jazz, and revitalizesthe: too)often dead and boring. concerto: form, There were other soloists on the prograni as well. -Alfred Quensel and Vaclaw Jiskra, first flute and principal bass, respectively of “the orchestra, did some excellent teamwork in the Bach suite for string#iand flutes which preceded the Collins’ concerto. Another soloist shone forthlater in the performance of the Brahms fourth a|symphony, Robért Eihdemann, the first clarinet .of the°’orchestra, who had the extended sold’ in the second movement of that mobuméntal work. This symphony of Brahms,” his last and greatest, illustrates ‘the composer at his best and his Wotst: “He had in- spiration and matefial for*three won- derful and unsurpassed “movements, but, being afraid to fly in the face of tradition and write a symphony in less than four movements, he tacks on thirty-two variations on a tiny theme that was not worth writing in the first place, much less variating. The re- sult is a movement full of sound and fury signifying not much of anything. I expect somebody to rise in wrath and denounce me. About a year I panned the Brahms fourth symphony something awful from beginning to end. This review proves several things, the main one being that if one. must report musital affairs, one must be either dishonest’ or inconsistent.) + aloe Y Nand Civic orchestra wound up its season at Orchestra Hall with the customary program of light, popular stuff, The program opened with the time honored ovérture “The, Dumb Girl of Portici,” by aman whose name I love to write, Datitel Francoise Bs- prit Auber, A‘tHeme in this over- ture is almost invariably used to ac- company the furiott# riding episode of the westerm movie.) ‘ In memory ofjeMoritz Moskovski, who died some weeks ago, the or- chestra played two; movem: from one of his finest qworks, the suite, “From Foreign Parts” (not an ex- actly accurate tranglation of “Aus Al- ler Herren Laender,”) The German and Hungarian . movements were played. Raymond Koch, ‘the soloist gave a masterful performance of the prolog to “Pagliacci,” and was forced to en- core with the aria “Dio Possente” from Faust. There was another soloist in the orchestra, Myron Russell, one of the best English horn players I have ever he: He starred movement of [ casian suite, Villag Other works in the second tov-Ivanov’s Cau- “Evening in the rogram were jelsshon’s m” music, the of Eduard Lalo, summer Night’ "CLARITY INTHE KAROLYI FRAUD By y JOHN LASSEN (Edltor{UyE tore) erican workers to find out some'de- tails about the role played by/Oount Michael Karolyi during his. ita in Hungary. zi The first Hungarian apnieds government differed in no way from the Bbert-Scheidemann-Noske govern- ment. It contained social-democrats, liberals of the old middle class school and small peasants. The storm of the revolution swept together this gov- ernment which, it was hoped by the great working masses, womnld. repre- sent the interests of the)«working class and the peasantry. \-Soon enuf it became clear that thisswas.out: of the question, that this government too was being utilized by the capital ists, and that the working:class could depend ogly on itself. The employ- ing class used the Karolyi. goyern- ment simply for keeping the rebellious masses ‘quiet, for ‘calming’. them, Objectively ' considered, President Karolyi and his government were just as much hostile to labor as the gov- ernment in Washington... A few of the anti-labor acts of the Karolyi goy- ernment are taken from, the wealth of facts and reported here in order to serve the rich store df facts. A spontenaeous movement of dis- contented miners arose in Salagotar- yan. This movement which was di- rected against the inhuman dealings of the coal mine bosses there, was quenched in the blood of the miners by Peyer, on the order of the Karolyi government. Peyer came with ma- chine guns into the city, and fired ‘at the innocent miners. The Karolyi government—like all capitalist governments—worked with spies, whom it sent into the Commun- ist Party in order to get information on the activities of the Communists, The Karolyi government organized a so-called “civilian” guard,” whose sole task was the combating of the revolutionary movement. In the various strikes the soldiers and police were almost always “on the spot.” Thus, for instance, a tre- mendous mass strike movement was suppressed in the saa & Homolka factories. Under the Karolyi government the single Communist newspaper, Voros Ujsag, could appear only illegally. And even this illegal existence they tried with the greatest craftiness to make impossible. But the Karolyi reaction reached its high point when the unemployed took by storm the editorial office of thé treacherous Hungarian Social Demo- cratic Nepszava. The demonstrators were attacked by the civilian guard and the police from both sides, and as the battle lasted into the night the civilian guards and police shot at each other in the dark and some of them fell in that way. The next day the leaders of the Communists. were arrested. Bela Kun was beaten almost to death, and ‘a number of other Communists were’ brutally mishandled. The whole journal of information should be of interest*tmthe Am} party was made abSolutely illegal, ‘The Karolyi government took an open anti-labor stand. But Karolyi & Co. made a mistake. Their methods of persecution produced a_ effect which they had not expected. There were protests against, the persecu- tions of Communists by the govern- ment. ‘The’masses of workers began to recognize the.» treacherous role which this half bourgeois, half social democratic government was playing, and the masses streamed to the Com-, munists. No one believed any longer that either Karolyi or the social dem- ocrats represented the working mass- es, $ “This recognition gave the basis for the dictatorship of the Hungarian pro- letariat. Michael Karolyi might per- sonally be the most honest and most agreeable man in the world,-but. his volicy was nothing else than the pol- i¢y of Scheidemann-Noske-Ebert. Kar- olyi himself was dragged —- perhaps against his will—into a swamp, into the capitalist terror, imprisonment of workers, suppression of newspapers, the shedding of innocent blood of workers. Karolyi and ‘“Karolyism” sacrificed the blood of the working class to capitalism. Cal Speeds War-Plans, WASHINGTON, April 1—President Coolidge has instructed the war de- partment to hold all national guard armory drills required by law. The president recently held up an appropriation of $1,532,000 for guard drill pay. The war department was authorized to draw on the appropria- tion to pay for the, required drilling by guardsmen. never appeared in this country such’ can find articles by Gregory Zinov \ a vem attve! That's how a Bolshevik, really looks? Come and see “Beauty and the Bolshevik,” Wednesday, April a and > theo: ‘Workers’ Aid and| mony of tyranny, impropriety, fit Foster, |. Stalin, Earl R. Browder, Wm. F. Dunne, Alexander Bittelman and other well known writers in one number—as you will in the April issue of THE WORKERS MONTHLY which has SICK CHILDREN, 14 AND 15, MUST. WORK FOR LIVING (Special to The Dal Daily Works NEW YORK, April 1—A sg ment on the health of working child. ren issued by the New York State In- dustrial Commission ‘points out that nearly half of the working children between the ages of 14 and 15 were found to have physical defects which were aggravated: by the work they were doing. ‘The study included 412 working boys and girls under 16 years of Fs in New York City, and was condul at the city’s two continuation pket “The children entered industry be cause money was needed at’ ‘home," says the statement. “The desire Which many of these children have for more education is emphasized by the fact that in addt tion to working every day almost*ote’ eighth ofthe children attended’ tight school, Wages centered at about ‘$12; and only 3 per cent of the children received less than $10. Half of’ the children worked forty-four hours, tho ¢ 6 per cent, contrary to the law, worked. more than forty-eight hours. Boys had. the active, girls the sedentary «jobs, One-third of the boys were on their feet the entire workday; ‘one-quarter of the girls sat the whole of their workday, , One-fourth of the childreh were provided with wholly inadequate chairs, in most cases stools, “On the health side thé number of physical defects for’ each child aver- aged 2.4. Almost one-fifth of the chil- dren had some visual defect, one-third had dental defects, one-eighth had en- larged tonsils, 5 per cent of the girls had thyroid enlargement, and 4 per cent of the children had heart affec- tions. Tuberculosis was found in 1 per cent, with lung abnormality in 3 per. cent. “Half of the children, with a flat- foot condition had to be on their feet the greater part of their workday; one-quarter of the children with de- fective eyesight worked under ‘eye strain; more than one-half of thé children with heart affections worked under an excessive nerve strain.” ‘ 0. K. Van Sweringen Morger.* RICHMOND, Va., April 1—The’ mer- ger of the Chesapeake and Ohio Rail way into the Nickle Plate System, be- ing promoted by the Van Sw gen brothers at Cleveland, apparently been approved, it was announced today after an all-night count of the ballots cast yesterday. being held up because of uncertainty 8 represented in the | 28 to whether a two-thirds of the total But do you know] Vote cast or two-thirds of the total outstanding shares are pagina Nat 4 te approve the merger. English Takes Stand. ST. LOUIS, Mo, April 1—Testi cial corruption and graft against I+ eral Judge George W. English, wad el -| finished today. Judge English test!- fied in his own behalf, and declared he disbarred Charles A. Karch, attor- ney, because Karch “sat in court in a menacing attitude.” The congressional committee ‘is hearing evidence on which is based’ a plea for impeachment of English, whd is charged with conducting ay banké ruptey ring. Wheeler Charges Booze. CHICAGO, April 1—Booze was used by government agents ‘in Washington to debauch witnesses called before Formal announcement of a result i@¢ (And now having written the above |- just come off the press. the grand jury which indicted him, Senator Burton K, Wheeler of Mon. tana charged. He will go on trial April 16 on an indictment alleging that he represented a client before a federal bureau after he was elected ‘nator, Support the Work of International Red Aid! Editoys Note—One of the resolu- tions adopted by the recent tremen- dous Paris Commune demonstration in New York City urged support. of the International Red Aid. It can be made the basis of similar declara- tions to be adopted elsewhere. It follows: 8 © a Mages imperialists of the world during the past seven years have carried on a campaign of the most vicious terror against the working» class. Capitalist governments acting either as open dictatorships or, so-called “democratic” states, have. allalike;rre- sorted to the foulest measures against the working class. In the:fascistid- den states of Mussolini, Horthy cand de Rivera, in the imperialist vassal states of Roumania, Poland, Finland, Greece and Jugo-Slavia, etc., hundreds of thousands of workers and peasants have been the victims of the murder- ous white terror. In Germany at this moment 7,000 workers are languishing in prison. In India, 25,000 revolution. aries are imprisoned. In China, Korea and other suppressed. colonial coun- tries, the victims of imperialist sup- pression have been throwm!: om/sthe foulest of dungeons. And its‘elimax, 1,000 workers of and the Baltic states haverbagn shot ot cold blood. Those in prison have been subjected to torture, , which can be found only int of the Inquisition. ae ooratic countries of and the United States ‘have likewise treated the workers to mass _arnests, wholesale deportation and brutal mis- treatment. The terror in all countries increases pA by day. And each day sees. more severe laws, miore desperate ‘devices to crush the revolutionary move- ment and particuarly of Commun- ists. The bourgeoisie resorts to these measures to suppress the reyolution- ary Communist movement so as to force upon the working class unhamp- ered exploitation, to wipe out their organizations, to drive down their wages and to make the lot of the ex- ploited that of miserable, helpless slaves. . In view of these facts, the workers of New York in mighty demonstra- tion, in. Madison Square Garden as- sembled on Sunday, March 15, express their determined protest against this murderous white terror raging in capi- talist countries thruout the world. The meeting appeals to all workers in Am- erica to come to the immediate assis- tance of their imprisoned comrades, It calls upon the workers to do every- thing in their power to hasten their tion. from the capitalist dun- ‘The workers here assembled recognize that only by supporting the bam 4 of the International Work- era’ Aid the world wide Red Ald or- ganization for proletarian prisoners in pitalist countries, can relief be brot to our imprisoned fellow workers. At the same time, the meeting d at the recent formation of. | Long live the ro hid new committee ostensibly to help proletarian prisoners can only result in dividing the forces of the workers in America, and prevent a united front to accomplish real proletarian relief, In view of the fact that the Interna tional Workers’ Aid invites active ©0- operation from ‘all friends of the “lite prisoned workers and peasants in capitalist countries and in those lads groaning under the iron heel of national exploitation, the meeting no need for the existence of another committee, bgt Tho Madison Square Gardeen isan ing especially voices its ind! and unqualified protest against, use of the appeal for political pi ee ers to attack Soviet Russia, ~ country striving to end ‘exploi and suppression of the masses. presence of open enemies of Russia on this new committee fies the conclusion that his committee - will serve as a cloak behind which a dastardly counter-revolutionary campaign against Soviet Russia now being conducted can be The meeting pledges itself to a vigorous campaign for Inter Red Ald and to unmask these « revolutionist socialists in this andemost brazen attack upon workers! republic, te ay He of wor' class! tom melee international: solidarity! Fh daniel nea ng live the ‘al mas E | | | )