The Daily Worker Newspaper, March 18, 1925, Page 2

PIUS XI RAISES FUNDS 10 FIGHT SOVIET RUSSIA Pope Offers Commuted Term in Purgatory By T. J. O'FLAHERTY. | AS WE SEE IT | (Continied from page 1.) fact is that the labor leaders are at loggerheads over the issue, or more correctly over Dever and Thompson and their respective backers. They passed the buck to the local unions, knowing that the great majority of them will not have time to consider the question before the vote is taken on April 7, 3 eee T was amusing to hear Oscar Nel- son charge the officials of Local 556, of the stationary engineers with having “delivered the local” to Dever. Had this charge been made against Nelson and his reactionary cohorts by a radical, his cries could be heard in heaven. But this kind of language is That Pope Pius XI Is granting “special. indulgences” to American eatholics who actively fight against Soviet Russia, is admitted by the catholic union, an organization which states as its aim “The reunion with the holy church of the separated brethren of the Near East,” and which is raising funds among catholics in this country to spread propaganda against Soviet Russia. perfectly legitimate in dirty capitalist Politics. They all do it. The gentle- man from Virginia calls the gentle- man from Minnesota a liar and then Habeas par arepartne Oriee Ge begs permission to withdraw his re- len, O s. B ‘ene describing the marks. There is no hard feeling after the election is over. It is only one of the many ways the political crooks have of making a living. ere NE of the delegates was so deeply moved over the perfidy of Dever and his cohorts for putting over “the biggest traction steal in history” that he regretted the scarcity of ropes around the city hall. He thought the perpetrators of this foul scheme should be dangling at the end of them. “It seems the revolutionary sentiment that was so prevalent here years ago has evaporated,” he mused. One ex- pected him to recite the declaration of independence and bring down the house but he refrained. He did not want to disturb the delegates. see ATHER funny tho, that at the very moment this venerable dele- gate was mourning over the days when there was life in the labor move- ment, a lively battle was being waged about two blocks away, with work- ers, who resented the attacks of the stool pigeon, Abramovich, on Soviet Russia doing the heavy part of the scrimmaging. Revolutionary _ senti- not entirely dead, by any means. It is very much alive. But it is foreign to the officialdom of the trade union movement in the United States. “horrors” of Soviet Russia. “Remem- ber, too, that as a donor you become a member of the catholic union, and will receive a membership certificate which will entitle you to the special indulgences granted by His Holiness Pope Pius XI, to all our members.” Grants “Indulgences.” Apparently, according to the 8. O. B.’s letter, this certificate is to be presented at the gates of purgatory. If only ten dollars has been contributed to the fight on Soviet Russia, ten days are clipped off the catholic’s sentence to purgatory. If $200.00 has been given to fight the workers and peasants of Soviet Russia, however, the sentence is commuted 200 days, “by order of the pope.” The devil is duty bound, according to catholic rules, to honor the pope’s anti-Soviet certificate. “The Catholic News has this to say about conditions in Russia,” says the S. 0. B. in his letter sent to nearly every catholic in the country, “and about the work of the catholic un- ion. “The present Russian government is making every effort to abolish christianity; they have even estab- lished at Moscow a so-called seminary to train anti-religious teachers. In theory the law promises freedom of workship, but in practice there is a real persecution of christians. The catholic union is intended to be a powerful means of combatting the evil ment is eee NE delegate thot the Dever ordi- nance would be good for the build- ing trades. Those who favored Dever were afraid to say so openly. A few wanted. a vote on the question. They were strong for William Hale Thomp- son, tho nobody mentioned | that gentleman’s mame, but he was ruu-’| ning the show. 3 be et NE of the delegates commented on the lack of confidence the members’ of the local unions have in their leaders. “They know these lads, are performing for their bourgeois bosses,” he confided. “I have never known it to fail, that anything these boys support goes down in defeat. The injunction judges they opposed were elected by overwhelming majorities. They feel that they are getting some- thing out of its and they don’t pay any attention to what they say.” This is largely true. The labor fakers have some political influence as bourgeois citizens and where they are able to compel the members of their unions to vote for them, under threat of pen- alizing them on the job. But the rank and file have no eo oR in them, and for very good reasons. o.oo HE Dever ordinance should be de- feated by the workers at the pdlls on April 7. But in doing so, they must not imagine that the Thompson and Hearst combination will give them anything better. Both sides look on this city as a fine place to loot. Only when the workers themselves organ- ize politically into a revolutionary party that aims to overthrow capital- ism and organize society on a non- profit basis will the transportation problem in this and other cities be solved. The Workers Party is the only party in the United States that offers such a solution. influences thus set in motion. Priests Solft Livers. Now comes the dirty work. The priests are soft livers. They need plenty of money for their fine robes and rich food. But they are in an unfortunate position in Soviet Rus- sia. The priests, who worked hand in glove with the czar in sucking the blood from the Russian peasants and workers, have lost their jobs. No longer is there a master class to which they can sell themselves. No longer can they dope the people with cant about the next world while they allow the imperialists to rob them in this world. The priests therefore need money in Soviet Russia. “America concludes an editorial en- titled ‘To Spread the Faith in Soviet Russia,’” says the pope’s official 8. O. B. in America, “as follows: ‘Every thing depends upon the means that can now be raised for this truly apos- tolic undertaking. The sum of $250.00 contributed for five successive years, would educate a priest in whose wo. and prayers the donor would share. But every assistance given would ad- vance the good cause.” The S.'O. B. seems to infer that the larger the donation, the more pray- ers will be, wafted on high for the sinful donor. Silk Workers as Wage Slaves. WASHINGTON, March 16.—Aver- age wages in 1923 for the 125,234 work- ers employed (on the average) in the silk manufacturing plants in the United States were $1,013 for the year. The gross profits of the 1,598 estab- lishments employing these workers ‘were $155,434,400 or enuf to have doubled the wages and left $28,680,000 for overhead costs of business. The establishments covered by this report, issued by the department of commerce, census of manufactures, do not include those devoted to knit fab- rics, hosiery and other knit goods made of silk, but include all other lines of silk production. France Needs Five Billion Francs PARIS, France, March 18.—A fore- ign loan of five billion francs is ne- cessary to meet France's present fin- ancial crisis, which constantly looms larger, former minister of finance Louis Loucheur stated here. Loucheur, however, admitted that it will be very difficult to secure such an enormous loan, Want Bloomington Labor Temple. BLOOMINGTON, Ill—The Bloom- ington Trades and Labor Assembly is organizing a campaign among the un- ions for the erection of a labor tem- ple. The local movement owns its priting plant in which its weekly, The Searchlight, is printed. Another hold- ing is a co-operative grocery, meat market and clothing store housed in its own building. Add $10,000,000 to Couzens’ Tax. The treasury department has noti- fied his attorneys in Detrojt that an additional assessment has been levied against his 1919 income tax, Senator Couzens, republican of Michigan, an- nounced today. Couzens, chairman of the special senate committee investigating the bu- privy councillor and prominent poli-|reau of internal revenue, said the as- ticlan, died today. He was 80 years|séssment was “between $10,000,000 old. and $11,000,000." LABOR FAKERS SEEKING CHEAP WAY OUT DONATE $500 TO N. S. MINERS OTTAWA, Canada, Maroh 16.—The Trades and Labor Congress of Can- ada indorses the appeal of the Nova Scotia miners for funds to help in the strike against the British Empire Steel corporation, The executive also subscribes $500 to ist in the campaign. The Dominion government is still holding aloof and throwing all responsibility on the Nova Scotia authorities. Jap Councillor Dies, TOKIO Mareh 16.—General Mirau, THE DAILY WORKER ANDREW MELLON SAVED MILLIONS FOR RICH PALS Corporations Got Their Tax Exemptions By LAURENCE TODD. (Federated Press Staff Correspondent) WASHINGTON, March 16.— Secre- tary Mellon and Senator Couzens of Michigan, are multi-millionaires who have fallen out, and now they are fur- nishing to the people of the United States an array of reasons why big private profits can be had from the political government business. Couzens began the demonstration by attacking the wholesale exemption of the properties of big industrial cor- porations—including those of Mellon himself—from federal income taxes under the Mellon regime in the treas- ury. This attack led President Cool- idge, last spring, to denounce congress for interfering with the business of his end of the government. Couzens backed down, when he dropped the employment of Francis J. Heney as counsel for his committee which the senate had charged with inquiring in- to treasury affairs. Also Couzens agreed that the committee should op- erate in secret. Mellon Cheats Government. But when Couzens and his associ- ates and his lawyer and engineers had found $362,000,000 allowed by the treasury as “amortization” claims of big companies, which they believed should have been paid into the treas- ury in taxes during and since the war, and that Mellon proposed to do noth- ing toward recovery of this money, the Michigan senator presented the facts in a report to the senate. They became public property. Mel- lon’s particular chums in Pittsburgh and New York and Boston—in steel and copper and other metals and in oil—had saved about $150,000,000 of this sum. Control of the government was a handy and profitable thing for their business interests. Ford Dickered with Cal. Mellon retorted at once by demand- Ing that Couzens pay $10,000,000 or more, on the profits involved in Henry Ford’s purchase of the stock held by Couzens in the Ford Motor Co, in 1919. Around the political trenches of the treasury the rumor went that Couzens had refused to sell his stock except on a tax free basis, and that Ford had met that demand by coming to Wash- ington and seeing the right people, so that the net profit of the transaction to the minority stockholders was cal- culated at a very low figure. In any case, Mellon has re-opened the issue, and proposes to show the country that Couzens owes it that $10,000,000. And Couzens is in process of showing that Mellon has tried to give the big cor- poration crowd at least $562,000,000 of taxes due the government, and he has another lot of exemption claims amounting to $300,000,000 under in- vestigation. Reactionary Eabor Bureau Aid of the Socialists (Continued fr¢ before Judge “Hayes. page 1) His head was swathed in band which two de tectives tried to ke Judge Hayes believe were unnecessary. Lerner iifted the bandage. “Oh, my!” said the Judge. “One dollar fine and no committment.” Which means that Max Lerner theo- retically owes the City of Chicago one dollar, but doesn’t really have to pay it. The detectives said Lerner “hollered louder than anyone else.” An impossible feat, | Everybody hol lered louder than everybody else, par ticularly the socialists, who were con. tinually yelling. While those who gained admittance were given an exam{nation in Jewish not all good kosher folk could get in A very reputable Jewish writer, A. R. Ichie, was stopped and shoved out side by a socialist, one Benenson. This Benenson also poi ted out M. Goralek to sluggers, who promptly obeyed orders and made Goralek look like a beef stew before cooking. Aside from Max Lerner, the other workers arrested were released at once. Comrade Lerner, late for the opening session of the party school, was on deck at the afternoon session to give another, but. more theoretica) analysis of Marxism. Abramovich was.well guarded prior to coming to the meeting. He was es- corted to the platform from a secret backdoor entrance, by 4 big squad of police, plainclothes thugs, and socialist committeemen. Abramovich was kept in seclusion at the Morrison Hotel prior to the meeting. The socialists dared not assault the men, tho cursed vigorously by them for their cowardly beating of little irls. Instead, when their violence had precipitated resistance by the men, they sumoned the poice to beat up the men. Their alliance with the capitalist government was open and shameless, Among the shouting, cursing, yel- ling throng, with mewspaper photo- graphers setting off flares for picture, Abramovich stood angry but helpless on the platform, Once when he managed to make himself heard as far ag the boxes, where the DAILY WORKER reporter sat (until he was thrown out) he cried out that “Russia under the czar was a better place than under the Soviets.” At this ridiculous observation, even he yellow socialist chairman, Mor- cis Siskind, so-called “labor editor” of the Jewish Forward, saw that the provocation was unwise, as the bulk of the audience arose in one cry of rage. He tried to quiet the crowd, but without avail, FO Mentions Name of Luxemburg. “Now about Rosa Luxemburg,” said Abramovich, with upraised arm clutching a document. But with what lie the menshevik was going to de- fine the name of the woman he and his German fellows murdered, will ne- ver be known to the Chicago workers. Yells of men, screams of women be- ing beaten by socialist sluggers with blackjacks, fights going on in a dozen places at once, men and women tumbl- ing over chairs, filling the aisles with knots of shouting, fighting workers battling the sluggers and the police— all of which had been going on in one continuous performance for two hours and more—this was too much. Abramovich quit suddenly. Almost in the middle of a sehtence, when Siskind, of the Jewish Daily Forward, who had threatened the aud- ience at the beginning that the pro- fessor was going to speak, and finish decided that he had enough and told Rafael that the show wag off. The rat of the interventionists mumbled a few words nobody» heard, and down came thé curtain, The Workers Take Possession, Leaping to their feet, clambering on the chairs and cheering lustily, the workers took possession. “We want no condescending saviors to rule us from a judgment hall” rank out the song of the International in mass vol- ume as the audience,of workers stood and sang. “Three cheers for Soviet Russia!” And the hurrahs shook the building. “Down with Abramoyich!” The win- dows rattled and the socialist slug- gers, flabbergasted and helpless, look- ed for some place to crawl into, Marching victoriotisly to songs and cheers, the workers streamed out of the Garrick to jofn in the joyous crowd outside. They had won. The socialist sluggers had beaten them in vain, The cops were only an irrita- tion, Imperialists Gloat Over Death of Sun Yat Sen of Canton WASHINGTON, March 16—Deatn at Peking of Dr. Sun Yat Sen, pres: dent of the Canton government of China and leader of the radical polit:- cal elements in that country, is looked upon in Washington as a blow to Chi- nese unity and an advantage to west ern imperial schemes in the Far East. Sun, who led the 1911 revolution which overthrew the Manchu dynasty, was the first president of the repub- lic. He was well known in San Fran cisco before the revolution, and has had the constant support of a major ity of the Chinese residing in the Untv ed States,since that time. His influ: ence was always thrown in favor of the elimination of western financial and commercial control, as well as po- litical overlordship, in China. He went to Peking after the recent col- lapse of Wu Pei Fu’s government there, to assist in establishing a coali- tion or reconciliation government which should stand firmly against out- side dictation of Chinese affairs. Arrival of the new Japanese ambi sador, Matsudaira, in Washington just at this moment, to discuss with Secre- tary Kellogg the policy of the United States and Japan and Russia toware China, emphasizes the importance of Sun’s role in the drama, He was the chief spokesman of the protest of China against Toreign aggressto The influence of Soviet Russia is stronger than ever, in China, as the millions of Chinese workers realize that the Communists with their slo- gan, “All power to the workers,” hi the only solution for the problem of foreign domination over the masses of China, Police Rescue Each Other. When Sergeant Jerfy Donahue had attempted without heavy reinforce- ments to storm the, gallery alone, he went down under a bunch of workers, and claims that he was being vigor- ously and, apparently purposely choked. Another police gergeant and a squad finally rescued him. Jerry, when shown a copy of the Jewish Daily Forward yesterday, where it said that the meeting was suc ful and beautiful one,” rubbed his pate and said impolite things about Jewish gentlemen of the press. Out on Randolph gtreet the crowds thered swiftly, cheering each group of warriors as they were catapulted out of the theater entrance. And he was the great demonstration that stood its ground against all attacks of police, singing the International, cheer- ing for Soviet Rusgig im great waves Fascists Oust 50 Deputies. BELGRADE, Jugo-Slavia, March 16 —Fifty Raditch peasant party depw ties have been arbitrarily deprived of their seats in the Jugo-Slay parlia ment by the Jugo-Slav fascist cabinet: Pashitoh, the white guard dictator an- nounced that the ousters were issued under the “law for the protection of the kingdom.” Get aisub—make another Com- munist Workers!Must War on Officials’ Surrendering The Right to Strike By J. LOUIS ENGDAHL bl Penwa the pet lackeys of the late Sam Gompers, who toadied to him as president of the American Federation of Labor, are still on the job trying to dictate policies for the American working class. Among those closest to Gompers was the renegade “socialist,” John Spargo, who argues in an article in the March issue of the North American Review, that there will be no appreciable change in A. F. of L. policies under the regime of President William Green. If any changes develop, he says, they are such changes as would have taken place under Gompers had he lived. < a oe ©. @ But Spargo cleverly hides the propaganda poison in his effusion. An adept at sophistry he employs it to the utmost in his sapper work for the employing class. Spargo argues that the workers must surrender the “right:to strike” on see employment. In this category he includes not only the transportation or especially the rail- roads, but also the coal mines, re-calling the complete capit- ulation of President John L. Lewis, of the United Mine Work- ers of America, in the last great struggle of the coal miners of, “We cannot strike against the government.” ' *e 8 @ Spargo knows whereof he speaks. The efforts of the capitalist state to outlaw strikes on public utilities on the ground that they constitute a direct attack against the established order is not new. When the renegade socialist, Briand, before the world war was in power in France, he broke a strike of the French —s workers by calling them to the colors; forcing them into the capitalist military ma- chine, thus making the strike treason against capitalism. It was during the recent short-lived regime of the Mac- Donald (labor-socialist) ministry in Great Britain that secret plans went thru the war department for the intervention of the military arm of the state in future railroad strikes. It is with this encouragement that the railroad owners in Great Britain have been carrying on an aggressive cam- paign for wage cuts. It may be taken for granted that the intellectual stool- pigeon, Spargo, does not speak for himself alone. He voices the sentiments of that great bulk of American labor's offi- cialdom that is ready to make further and more drastic con- cessions to the employing class. Spargo writes: “We may admit an abstract ‘right to strike’ In the same sense and way as we admit an abstract ‘right to revolution’ ‘There is the right, also, of society to protect itself against revolution and to crush the revolution that imperils its safety, if it can. “It is not at all an exaggeration to say that the United States of America can as easily contemplate with equanimity the secession of several states, the cessation of labor for any length of time upon our railroads or in our coal mines.” * It isn’t difficult to see where go and those for whom he speaks in official power in the labor movement will be in the future, as they have been in the past, in labor’s struggles. Spargo was with Gompers and the rest on Wall Street's side, urging seivag ee o in the world war, to save ri rug to 1 In the fierce combats to come, when labor will struggle to maintain its standard of living, or better it, this whole seg- ment of the labor movement will place itself closer than ever at the side of the capitalist ruling class. * e . e Treason to the whole,working class is being committed by these so-called “leaders” even now in refusing to pre- pare for these coming and inevitable struggles. hen the A. F. of L. executive council recently met at Miami, Florida, it reported “nothing to do.” Down in Washington, today, it is reported that no agree- ment has been reached on the jurisdictional squabble as to whether the street carmen’s union or the teamsters’ union should have jurisdiction over.bus drivers. And the fight as to whether the Brotherhood of Locomotive Engineers should be allowed to hire non-union miners in its coal pits still re- mains unsettled. These two instances are typical. Labor's officialdom shows its incapacity in the failure to settle even the most simple internal squabbles of the organized labor movement. Instead they destroy every possibility of a dis- ciplined, organized struggle. They all agree on one point— that the logical solution of amalgamation of craft unions into huge industrial unions must be fought wherever it appears. Thus they prove the best servants of the bosses. OB. ome In the meantime the representatives of the great mine owning interests of the nation meet today in Cleveland, Ohio, to discuss the launching of a wage cutting and “open shop” war against the coal miners’ union. Capitalism pre- pares for the next offensive re the working class. It is time for the rank and file of labor to prepare to move in an effective counter-attack, of enthusiastic cheers that echoed * and re-echoed from the canyon walls U.S. Senate Again of the loop buildings, and going wild 5 with applause for Bill Dunne, who, mounted on an up-ended iron box, spoke to the throng the message of the Communism and proletarian revo- lution. At about 4:15 Abramovich had had enough, but not so the workers on the streets. They hung around for some time, cheering and singing, filled with joy at their victory. Martin Abern, District Organizer of the Workers (Communist) Party, an- nounced to the crowds that on Sun- day afternoon, March 29th, at the Ash- land Auditorium, a counter-demon- stration against the criminal counter- revolutionary socialists, will be held, where speakers of the Workers Party will address the workers of Chicago, all of whom are welcome, and where there will be no police invited, , (Continued from Page 1) ment. ren fight. order, Harlem Wants Negro Judge. ed, as were the galleries. NEW YORK, March 16.—Harlem wants a Negro judge, A petition to Mayor Hylan of New York seeks to have him appoint Louis A. Lavelle, a Negro lawyer, to ‘fill the next vacancy as city magistrate, © pally. Patronize our advertisers. tte al amon ' «bi Sugar Trust Lawyer mit Warren’s name was challenged by Senator King, democrat, of Utah, who inserted in the record a resolution de- claring the act unconstitutional, King said he would not ask for a vote on his resolution, but wanted it a part of the record go that the constitution- al issue could be rarsed if the prest- dent gave Warren a recess appoint- One of the greatest crowds in years heard the closing debate on the War- Police reserves had to be called out at one juncture to preserve They added a dramatic note to a conflict between the executive and the senate that has no parallel in history. The senate floor was pack- Defense of Warren fell to a hand- ful of new administration senators— Gillett and Butler, of Massachusetts, and Bingham of Connecticut, princi- is Does sone friend subscribe to the DAILY WORKER? Ask him’! aa possible, “RELIEF BODY 1S Cleveland to Hold M _ing for McCarthy, pectal to The Dally Worker) LAND, March 16.—The 1 terna 1 Workers’ Aid, Clevelan branch, is entering into the work o' the Irish famine relief, and promises +] support in every possible way to th work of the Irish Workers’ and Peas- ants’ Relief Committee which is rais- ing funds for the relief of the Irish workers and peasants suffering from the famine now devastating the west coast of Ireland. McCarthy To Speak, ing plans to hold a mass meeting in the near future to be addressed by Jack McCarthy, now on his way back from the famine region in Ireland. It is also planned to hold a dance within a couple of weeks, In the meantime, the committee is distributing ltera- ture on the famine situation, and cir. — culating contribution lists in order that the workers of Cleveland regard- less of nationality or place of birth, may have an opportunity to assist their Irish brothers, as the workers of all lands rallied to the support of the Russian workers and peasants in the terrible famine of 1921; and as assistance has been given since to the German workers and the workers of other countries in time of need. A number of Irish workers active in the labor movement of Cleveland are co-operating with the Irish Work- ers’ Aid Committee, and all those whether of Irish origin or not, who wish to assist in this work, should get in touch at once with the secretary of the I. W. A., John Fromholz, 5927 Euclid Ave., Cleveland, Ohio, room 18, phone Randolph 4065. DEMOCRAT SHIELD .. CHt WASHINGTON, D. C., March 16,— Sen. Glass of Virginia, secretary of the treasury at the time Henry Ford secured from the treasury a pre-sale valuation of the minority stock in the Ford Motor Co., told the senate that Mellon’s $11,000,000 claim against Sen. Couzens for further federal taxes on that sale would be paid—if at all— by Ford. The Detroit motor car magnate guaranteed the net price to Couzens, who paid a tax on the valuation set bythe treasury. Glass denounces Mel- lon’s claim, and says that rich men ought to get as much justice trom the internal revenue office as poor citizens get. Couzens has a fortune above $40,000,000. Mellon has $150,- 000,000. * Daily Worker and 4 1 Freiheit Ball to Be Held in Boston trees BOSTON, Mass., March 16— The DAILY WORKER and Freiheit inter- national costume ball will be held here Friday evening, March 20, at Convention Hall, St. Botolph St. Seven prizes will be awarded for the seven best costumes. The first prize will be @ seventy-five dollar, three-tube radio set, and there will also be cash prizes. Singing, recitations, refreshments, music and dancing are included in the program. The ball is being held un- der the auspices of the Jewish district committee of the Workers (Commun. ist) Party of Boston. Floods in Africa. LONDON, March 16.—Heavy floods in the upper Natal in South Africa are causing great damage, according to a Central News dispatch today from Durban. The town of Ladysmith is in danger from the rising waters while residents in the lower sections of the Natal have been ordered from their homes, et Rushville Fire Does Big Damage. RUSHVILLE, Ill, March 16.—Dam- age was estimated at $100,000 today as a result of the fire which destroy- ed a three-story brick building, oc- cupied by the George Little company department store, and one-story build- ing adjoining it. Three other build- ings were damaged. Jap Labor Fights Capitalist Wars. NEW HAVEN, Conn, March 16, — Japanese labor is for peace and will Pacific if American workers do the’ same on this side, Toyohiko Kagawa, Japanese union organizer, told the way to the labor conference in Switzerland. : Extradition Treaty With Mexico. WASHINGTON, March 16.—An ex- tradition treaty has been negotiated between the United States and Mexico, it was learned at the state department today, The treaty which provides the extradition of any one violating the narcotic, prohibition or customs laws is ready for signature. Spain’ itor Hangs On, MADRID, Spain, March 16—Primo de Rivera, the head of the military di- rectorate of Spain announced that he will refuse to vacate power despite growing opposition. The fascist dicta- tors declare they will hang on as long The Cleveland committee is mak | try to keep peace on their end of the « Yale Liberal Club, Kagawa is on his | jl