The Daily Worker Newspaper, December 2, 1924, Page 2

THE DAILY WORKER KILLS POLICEMAN, WOUNDS TWO, IN FEAR OF ATTACK Week End Death Toll in Chicago Grows The week-end death toll from guns was increased to three today when the body of an unidentified man, a bullet wound in the head and the lower jaw completely blown off, was found in an alley in the rear of a saloon. Dog Fights Police, A pol squad, sent to investigate the killin; was held at bay by a ferocious German police dog.in the saloon and a preliminary examina- tion of the body, police say, indicate the dog may. have played a part in the death. Fo persons, connected with the ru of the saloon, were arrested and held for questioning. All deny knowledge of the slaying. The finding of the body climaxed 24 hours 4d ng which police lines tightened in an effort to end the reign of crime in Chicago, the bandit fear instilled over the city by recent kill- ings and crimes of violence, was re- sponsible for two more deaths. Police Mistaken for Thugs. Patrolman William A. Pertin was killed and two other officers were wounded when Hugh A. Stewart, a bank ca opened fire on the trio, mistaking them for thugs, when their 2 pulled up behind his auto- as he stopped in front of his nome. The second killing was that of Charles H. Hendricks, 26, world war veteran, shot to death by Luke Ressor, “L” station cashier, just out- side the cashier’s cage. Ressor says Hendricks had attempted to rifle the cash drawer while he was temporarily absent from the cage. Next Sunday Night and Every Sun- day Night, the Open Forum. PARDON FOR MOONEY SEEN AS OBJECT OF JURY FOREMAN’S VISIT TO CALIFORNIA GOVERNOR SAN FRANCISCO, Cal., Dec. 1—Another effort to free Tom Mooney from the living tomb in which he has suffered since his conviction on a framed-up charge of participation in a bomb explosion here on July 22, 1916, was seen in the visit of George M. McNevin of San Francisco, foreman of the jury which convieted Tom Mooney, with Governor Friend W. Richardson. It was reported the conference was in reference to executive clemency for the imprisoned labor leader. | ZINOVIEV WRITES ABOUT FORGERY (Continued from page 1) such a group, which, together with the leaders, might be, in the event of an outbreak of active strife, the brain of the military ‘cells’ detailing from party. Go attentively thru the lists of the military “cells” detailing from them the more energetic and capable men, turn attention to the more tal- ented military specialists who have, for one reason or another, » left the service and hold socialist views. Form a directing operative head of the military section.” This, it is alleged, was written by the E. C. C. I. to the central commit. tee of the British Communist Party. Of course the thing is an absurdity from beginning to end. At present there exists no military section in the C. P. of Great Britain. The British C. P. has no need to bother itself with attracting “talented military special- ists.” It has more important tasks: the winning of the majority of the English workers by means of agita- tion and the propagation of the ideas of Marxism. “The military section of the: British Communist Party, so far as we are aware, further suffers from a lack of specialists, the future directors of the British Red Arniy.” This quotation from the alleged let- ter of the E. C. C. I. needs no com- ment, Everyone knows that the C. P. of Great Britain today has far more urgent business’ than the creation of a British Red Army. The British Communist Party, supported by the QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS FOR CLASS. IN ELEMENTARY MARXIAN ECONOMICS Class in Elementary Marxian Eco- nomics, meets Dec. 3, Wednesday night at 8:15 p. m. sharp, at 2613 Hirsch Blvd. Earl R.. Browder, in- This week’s lesson is a of the entire pamphiet “Value, Price and Profit,” by Karl Marx. Next week the class starts on “The People’s Marx,” an abridg- ed edition of Volume I, of “Capital.” Questions, fe ia RITE a review of the pamphlet, in your own words, of from 500 to 1,000 words, which will take up and explain the following questions: i. The nature of a commodity, which is the elementary form of wealth, and what determines the valu, of commodities. 2. An explanation of how the so- cially necessary labor time required for their production determines the ra- tio at which commodities exchange for one another. ‘xplain hew the labor-power of er becomes a commodity on the market of capitalism, and how the value of labor-power, being always less than the value of the product of the labor, gives rise to surplus value which is appropriated by the capital- ist-employer. 4. Explain how prices, being de- termined in the long run by value and always fluctuating around value, can be made lower or higher by changes in the methods of production, 5. Show how increases of wages of the workers result, not in increase of prices of commodities generally, but in the reduction in the volume of surplus value available for the capital- ist; that the question of wages is a question of struggle. between the worker and his employer over the di- vision of the values created by the labor of the worker. 6. Explain why it is that the work- ing class benefits by a shortening of the hours of labor even more than by an increase in wages. 7. Show the points of similarity, and also the points of difference in the exploitation of labor under (a) slavery (b) serfdom, and (c) wages system, 8. Show how the capitalist realiz- es the surplus value expropriated from the workers, by their transformation into profit, by an exchange of commo- dities at their value. 9. Explain the division of surplus value, realized in general profit, among the various circles of capital- ists in the form of interest, rent, and commercial or industrial profit, show- ing that all these forms of capitalist income are mere subdivisions of sur- plus value, being determined by the amount of surplus value available and not themselves determining the amount of surplus value. ° 10. Explain the relation between value and price; between wages and price; between profit and price; be tween profit and wages; and how changes in one of these may or may not result in changes in the other. THE BEST REVIEW OF THIS PAMPHLET WILL BE PUBLISHED IN THE DAILY WORKER. 0. Ss Answers to Last Week's Questions. 1. Surplus value, realized in profits thru the exchange of commodities for money, {s normally distributed among | crease in the socially necessary the capitalists in the form of rent (the! time embodied 1m the ourrenay!’” ” t share of the landlord), interest (the share of the finance-capitalist or bank- er), and ¢ommercial or industrial pro- fit (the share of the immediate em- ployer). 2. There is no such thing as “value of land” in the Marxian sense of the term. Land has a price not by virtue of any “value” inhering.in it, but ‘he- cause its monopoly enables the hold- er to demand and receive a share of the values created by labor applied to the land. Improvements placed in or upon land by labor,, whether in the form of buildings, artificial manuring, drainage, etc., does have value, just as all other products of labor, but the value inheres in tne improvements and not in the land. 3. Rent, iriterest, and profit, all have ‘a common Sourcé,~conting “alike from surplus value, of which they are subdivisions arrived at between the capitalists. 4. For the worker, the most im- portant relationship is that which he holds to the employing capitalist; be- cause it is the employer who expropri- ates the surplus value of the labor of the worker, and is in the struggle with the employer that the worker finds the rate of exploitation established. 5. A rate of profit, figured on the basis of the amount of capital advanc- ed in wages, gives the rate of exploit- ation of labor; that is, if the profit is $500, on commodities for which the Ja bor to produce received a wage of $500, then the rate of exploitation is 100 per cent; on the other hand, when the capitalist figures his profits upon the basis of the total capital employed, adding to the wages of $500, the amount of $2,000 for raw material, then the rate of profit is only 20 per cent. The amount of profit is the same; the 100 per cent expresses the relation to the wages of the worker, the 20 per cent is the relation to the total capital employed. 6. From the foregoing it is seen that the ordinary capitalist method of basing profit rates upon total capital, hides and obscures the actual rate of exploitation of labor. 7. When, from the present value of @ commodity is deducted the value of the raw materials used in its produc- tion, what remains the value added to the commodity by its immediate pro- duction. This is the total available value that can be distributed, on the one hand to the worker in wages, and on the other hand to the capitalists in rent, interest, and profits. 8. It follows from the foregoing that the value of commodities is not affected in any way by any changes in the division of this value between workers and capitalists, or between the various capitalists themselves, 9. Specifically, a change in wages cannot change the value of a’commo- dity, but it will affect a change in the rate of profit. A change in profit will not affect a change in the value of r commodity, but it will affect wages. 10. Neither increased profits, nor increased wages, will affect the prices of commodities, aside from temporary fluctuations; what raises or lowers prices is either (a) an increase or de- crease in the amount of socially nec- essary labor-time for their production; or (b) a change in the value of money brought about by an fnerease ess “minority movement” in the trade un- ions, is seeking to propagate the views of the Communist International among the masses of the ordinary English workers. There is not the least doubt that the C. P. of Great Britain is fulfilling this great task with ever-increasing success. If this were not the case the English bour- geoisie would not have recourse to such extraordinary methods as the forging of documents. Hits: at “Daily Mail.” What is the meaning of the whole stunt regarding the alleged “letter of the E. C. C.I."? And who is the chief culprit in this forgery? Apparently the “Daily Mail” played a great role in the whole affair. A telegraphic report states, that “a copy of the document is in the possession of the ‘Daily Mail’ and we consider it our duty to publish it. Yesterday at noon we sent copies to the other London papers, and somewhat later the foreign office decided to publish the document.” It is evident that the “Daily Mail” is not quite innocent in this matter. It is remarkable how the date was chosen. The “exposure” of the al- leged letter of the E. C.C, I. took place at a time when it was impos- sible for our answer to arrive in time in England, as only a few days re- mained to the end of the elections. It is not. difficult to understand why some of the leaders of the liberal-con servative bloc had recourse to such methods as the forging of documents. Apparently they seriously thot they would be able, at the last minute be- fore the.elections, to create confusion in the ranks of those electors who sincerely sympathize with the treaty between England and the Soviet Un- ion. It is much more; difficult. to under- stand why the English foreign office which is still under the control of the Prime Minister, MacDonald, did not refrain from making use of such a white-guardist forgery. Trade Unions Will Investigate. We, on dur part, have proposed to entrust the examination of the whole affair regarding our alleged “letter’ to the English trade unions, the gen- eral council of which will appoint a commission which. shall haye..access to all documents, and whose de¢ision we will regard as final. I hope that by means of this proposal we shall best prove to all English workers and to all unprejudiced people in England, that'we have nothing to fear from an investigation of this affair, and that the “document” attributed to us con- stitutes a forgery. Today we received news from fairly reliable sources that the forged let- ter originated in Polish circles. In Poland, apparently, there is a perma- nent group of enterprising people (who are probably closely connected with the Polish counter-revolutionary spy service), who supply similar “documents” to those foreign govern- ments who, for any reason, require them. A strange, state of affairs! It suf- fices when any bourgeois statesman of Europe or America—let us say Mr. Hughes—finds himself in a difficult situation, if this or that “letter” of the Executive of the Comintern, alleged to be signed by us, is immediately placed at his disposal. This “letter” is solemnly published and the press of a certain camp raises the necessary alarm, It would seem therefore as if the Executive Committee of the Comin- tern take a pleasure in writing letters which are very convenient to states men of the type of Hughes and Cur: zon. And in a strange manner these alleged “letters”"—like eggs at Easter —fall into the hands of the respective bourgeois ministers, precisely when they need them in this or that politi- cal campaign against their “own” working class, or against the Soviet government, iy Now It Is Germany’s Turn. The parliamentary elections in Ger many are approaching. It will be a terrorist election, in the sense that the German government, to the advan- tage of the social democrats, is throw- ing almost the entire staff of the Com: munist Party and thousands of the best workers who sympathize with the Communists into prison. We shall not be suprised if some days before the German elections one or the other re- actionary German newspapers, or one of the other bourgeois ministers of Germany, likewise at the most approp- riate time, receives from somebody a “letter” of the Exedutive of the Com- intern, which will be worded precisely in the way in which the enemies of Communism require it. Nevertheless, this weapon will be come blunt from too frequent use. We are convinced that the too frequent abuse of forged “letters” of the Exe- LAFOLLETTE AND WHEELER SEEM WELCOME AGAIN No Real Enmity Seen on Senate Floor (Special to the Dally Worker) WASHINGTON, D. C.—The last ses- sion of the 68th congress opened to- day with the “insurgent” element which is controlled by LaFollette still holding a balance of power. The democrats announced they would “go along” with the republicans in the routine business of appropriations and so on, and Senator Wheeler, running mate of LaFollette, made a similar an. nouncement for the insurgents, altho LaFollette himself has not yet de clared himself. Another 100 Years War. Wheeler says “Tho progressive group, instead of obstructing, would itself bring forth a constructive pro- gram.” “Two of the measures in this constructive program,” he said, would be: “A constitutional amendment tc abolish the electoral college and pro- vide for direct election of president and vice-president, and another amendment to provide that congress by @ two-thirds vote may override su preme court decisions.” Coolidge, who had gathered all the important leaders of the republican party at one of his “political break- fasts,” is expected to bring up very little before this session in his mes- sage to be delivered on Wednesiay. He is going to let things ride until next year. The republicans are not altogether a unit on the expulsion of the four LaFollette senators from the G, O. P. a group around Borah asserting that it was a mistake, while the eastern hard-boiled bunch uphold their action in “reading them out.” Friendly Enemies Make Up. When the senate convened there was a slight murmur when LaFollette Ladd, Frazier and Brookhart entered LaFollette smiled when Senators Smoot and Watson, leaders in the fight to expel him from the republi can party, rushed over and were among the first to shake his hand. Similar ceremonies were carried on by both the progressives and the ol¢ guard. Both agread that ‘there »war nothing personal or insurmountabl« between them. Both silently con ceded that while the bourgeoisie an¢ the petty bourgeoisie have differ ences, they must stick togethe agaittst the wofking class: © = * Dems Let Wheeler Stick. Senator Wesley L. Joues of Wash ington was appointed the republican whip in the senate. Democratic leaders say that they will not expel Senator Wheeler for running with LaFollette as an inde- pendent. PRESIDENTIAL PARDON RIGHT IS CONTESTED Grossman Contempt Case is Made Test WASHINGTON, Dec. 1—The power of the president to pardon in contempt of court cases was brought before the United States supreme court in arguments in the case of Philip Gross- man of Chicago. Grossman was convicted of con- tempt of court and sentenced to prison by a Chicago federal judge. Before he started serving his term he was par- doned by President Coolidge. The validity of the pardon was denied by a federal court and Grossman was held in custody by the warden of the jail. The government brought the case to the supreme court of the United States for decision and Attorney Gen- eral Stone today argued in support of the unrestricted power of the presi- dent in exercising the right of pardon. Soviets Only Hope For Human Race, Say Nearing and Darrow (Special to The Daily Worker) NEW YORK, Dec. 1—A crowd of 1,700 people gathered here Sunday to listen to Scott Nearing debate Clar- ence Darrow on the question, “Is the Human Race Worth Working For?” These two experts on the subject took opposite views, Nearing upholding the affirmative and Darrow the negative. Nearing’s chief point was that the human race may be worth a little trouble because Soviet Russia that something can be done human race to make it hi row, taking his usual stand isn’t worth living in spite of tinuing to waste his time 80, said that he would be v to see the Bolsheviks succeed sia, but doubted that they w Neither one of these two explained what they were help Soviet Russia succeed. gf eke i ae ee American Labor Should Watch Toilers’ Struggle in Mexico Under Calles By J. LOUIS ENGDAHL. ‘ 'ODAY, Gen. Plutarco Elias Calles is president of Mexico. President Samuel Gompers, with 300 officials of the American Federation of Labor, delegates to the recent El Paso convention, were conspicuous participants in the festi- vities incident to the inauguration. American socialists, with whom Calles fraternized during his recent brief stay in this country, hail the new regime in Mexico as their own. * * * . Gompers accepted the rule of Premier MacDonald, in Great Britain, that stood loyal to all the imperialist policies of the British Empire, and the socialists of the United States have not stinted in their declarations of solidarity with the bloody regime of Fritz Ebert, president of the German capitalist republic of the Krupps and the Thyssens. * * . * American labor must realize that there is as yet no Workers’ Republic south of the Rio Grande. There are new struggles ahead for the Mexican workers and peasants be- fore they achieve Soviet Rule. Gompers was not in Mexico City to help toward the emancipation of Mexican labor. He was there to help strangle it in the chains of American im- perialism; to keep it obedient to the capitalist system in which he believes. * * * cS F The Communist International has clearly pointed out that there exist but two possibilities for the Calles govern- ment in Mexico, just as a double alternative faces every hesitating, compromising, betraying social-democracy. These are the following: First: Either to betray the workers and peasants shamefully, (i. e. to put the state apparatus fully at the disposal of the capitalists, to restrict and sabotage all the gains of organized labor, ruthlessly to apply the pressure of taxation on the peasants and the petty bourgeois, to maintain an expensive military apparatus, and to achieve all this by placing their own men in the appropriate administrative posts), or, Second: By trying to satisfy everyone, to end in complete bank- ruptey. * * * . Both of these alternatives give equal benefits to the enemies of the working class. They pave the way for the return of the capitalists to power. ° * * * Calles acquiesced in the ousting of the Communist dele- gates from the gathering of Mexican labor at Jaurez; a crime against the Mexican workers and peasants under the tutelage of Gompers himself. Thruout the entire period of Obregon’s regime, Calles was a party to the attacks of the government on the work- ing class. : As president over all Mexico, Calles will be no different than the late Felipe Carrillo, who headed the socialist regime in Yucatan. He will suppress the more militant trade unions opposed to him, accompanied with brutal persecution of the Communists. He will not hesitate te shoot them down when necessary. * ° * Workers and peasants at the inauguration ceremonies held at Mexico City, cheered the right hand man of President Calles, Deputy Luis Marones, the Gompers of Mexico. But the Mexican masses will learn that neither Marones nor Gompers is their friend; that their real champions, the faith- ful fighters for their class interests are the Communists who have been expelled from the Gompers’ American Federation of Labor, and Marone’s Confederacion Regional Obrera Mexicana. * * * * The Washington correspondent of the Federated Press grows as enthusiastic about the Calles regime in Mexico, as he did about LaFollette’s prospects during the recent elec- tions in the United States. - He says that the trade unionists in Mexico are relied upon as the first line of reserves. The arsenals are in the hands of labor officials. Many trade unions go thru military drill with full accoutrements furnished from these arsenals, he points out. Bea alle ee But the big crime comes when the workers in Mexico, as in Germany, and elsewhere, will be led to turn their guns on the militants in the labor movements, just as they use their votes in their trade unions to expel the Communists. The armed strength of labor must only be turned in one direction; against the capitalist, enemy and all its allies. % ° * The future struggles of labor in the United States will be mirrored in the experiences of Mexican labor under the regime of Calles. Germany, Italy and Great Britain are on the other side of the Atlantic Ocean, thousands of miles away. Mexico is close at hand. ‘ American labor's officiaidom holds aloof from Europe. But it is interested in Mexico, like America’s great imperialist interests. Labor north and south of the Rio Grande will find many interests in common. Lise in Mexico will not be free until it has established a Mexican Soviet Republic to usher in the Communist social order. The _ way that labor in the United States can ensure the freedom of Mexican labor, once it has achieved — its emancipation, is to rear on the ruins of the italist order in this country the Soviet Republic of the United States. This will be the hp, sve | Soviet Rule thruout North and South America. are inom worth thinking about as the self-proclaimed saviour Mexican labor, Calles, mounts the presidential chair at Mexico City. MASKS PROVIDED BY STANDARD OIL TO WORKERS NO PROTECTION AGAINST “LOONEY GAS” POISON (Special to The Daily Worker) NEW YORK, Dec. 1—As Dr. Andrew F. McBride, state commissioner of labor of New Jersey makes a report declaring that “experience has demon- strated that workmen cannot be safeguarded against the effects of poisonous Tuesday, December 2, 1924 DEBT FUNDING FARCE CARRIED ON IN SECRET French Agreement to Beat British (Special to The Oily Worker) WASHINGTON, D, C., Dec, 1.—Andy Mellon, multi-millionaire and secretary of the treasury, reported yesterday to the “debt funding commission” on the private conferences held between him- sélf and the French ambassador over the debt owing the United States by. France. However, what was said was held in strict secrecy and neither Mel- lon nor any of the commission would talk. Evidently there is something to conceal from the American masses. A feeler was put out, however, by rumoring that altho the French have made no offer to settle the debt and have been waiting to see what Amer- ica would offer them in terms, the “suggestion” has been made that the debt be funded over a period of 80 years at a very low rate of interest, This “suggestion” is looked upon favorably by American officials, who now consider France as a part of J. P. Morgan’s colony and who wish to make the debt owed to the American government as light as possible so that Morgan’s private loans will not be injured. Only one fly appears in the oint- ment. The British debt which Ameri- ca funded for a term of 62 years, may be affected by reason of the notice served by Britain at the time, to the effect that if better terms were made with any other nation, the British gov- ernment would act accordingly. se @ America Wants Reparations, PARIS, Dec. 1—The international financial conference scheduled for Paris in December, will be postponed until January, at the demand of Great Britain, it was declared in diplomatic circles today. The British experts, it was learned, were unable to agree in their prepara- tory conferences, on America’s insist- ence that the payments. under the Dawes’ plan include American repara- tions due from Germany on the basis of the German-American peace treaty. WU WOOS FICKLE FORTUNE; ALMOST LOSES HIS HEAD Morgan’s Tuchun on the Way to the Sticks (Special to The Daily Worker) PEKING, Dec. 1—Diplomatic in- triguing and jockeying for power and position on the part of the capitalist powers has monopolized the interest of newspaper correspondents here to such an extent that quite a respectable war was waged between the now down-and-out Wu Pei Fu and his an- tagonists, Generals Chang and Feng, without more than passing notice be- ing taken of it. 6 Yet it was an important link in the chain of incidents that again brought China dramatically to the at- tention of the world when the late civil war burst likea bolt from the blue. The downfall of Wu Pei Fu means the defeat of the British and Amer- ican capitalists, temporarily at least, and if one is to judge from the pro- gress being made by Dr. Sun Yat Sen, it may be quite a long time be- fore Wall and Downing Streets will again have as much freedom in China as they had while Wu held the reigns of power. Wu Tried Again, ‘Wu's latest bid to restore his for- tunes was made on November 22, when he launched an attack on Feng and Chang forces. The result of the the British and American capitalists, the new Peking government will have of the former president of the Chinese at Tientsin, contact” with tetraethy! lead (looney gas material) the American Chemical] tarily, Society issues a different kind of a statement, to the effect that tetraethy! lead Is only dangerous If workers and chemists are “careless.” Dr. MoBride, however, finds that it was the Standard Ol! rolex beh 8 re _ were republic, died of starvation while a/ ' ; | | | | yf Ye