The Daily Worker Newspaper, November 17, 1924, Page 6

| i Page Six THE OAILY WORKER THE DAILY WORKER. —$—$—< $$ $$ << <—$ $ $n Published by the DAILY WORKER PUBLISHING CO. 1113 W. Washington Bivd., Chicago, IL (Phone: Monroe 4712) ——— SUBSCRIPTION RATES By mail: $3.60....6 months $2.00...8 months By mail (in Chicago only): , $4.50....6 momths $2.50... months $6.00 per year 68.00 per year Address all mail and make out checks to THE DAILY WORKER $118 W. Washington Blvd. Chicago, Iinole ———_—_—— J. LOUIS ENGDAHL seen DAItore WILLIAM F. DUNNE S Se Ay MORITZ J. LOB... m-Business Manager —— Entered as second-class mail Sept. 21, 1923, at the Post Office at Chicago, Ill, under the act of March 3, 1878 > 290 Advertising rates on application Soe Organize the Unorganized Only a small percentage of the wage workers of this country are organized in labor unions, whether in the American Federation of Labor, the independents, or the I. W. W. Such a condition is an open menace to existing unions, as well as a condition in which the great mass of unorganized are suffering helplessly under conditions which are outrageous. There is a natural expectation that the largest body of labor, the A. F. of L., should undertake the organization of the great masses of unorganized workers. It could certainly organize these work- ers if it wished. They are not, in the main, an- tagonistic to unions, in many cases they are clam- oring for a union that will not only organize but fight militantly, as unions should. The A. F. of L. has the machinery and the organized resources that no other organization has to carry on a great organization drive. In the shops and factories where millions of workers remain unorganized the A. F. of L. has a beginning in the form of members working at some organized craft surrounded by a majority of unorganized workers of other crafts in the same industry. They have everything in common but unionization. They are exploited by the same cor- poration, sworn at by the same boss, underpaid by the same paymaster, subject to the same shop rules and produce the same commodity by mutual labor. Yet they are separated: disorganized, powerless! In the face of this condition, which is bad enough n boom times, a period is approaching in which ‘nillions will be thrown out of work and the unor- , mized and the unskilled will be used to beat down and hour standard of even the aristocratic workers. It is well known that no contract worth the paper it is written on when an un toyed army stands at the shop gates. ..iese facts demand action, courageous and un- ivecal from the 44th annual convention of the jand devise w False Solutions The Communists, basing their economic analysis of capitalism on the science of Marxism, have been maintaining that every attempt at the solution of any contradiction in the present industrial order only tends to beget many more contradictions. We have in mind the much-heralded Dawes plan and its operation. No sooner had the Dawes pro- gram been formally accepted than British and French capitalist interests started to set in motion special machinery to counteract the operation of the new reparation scheme. American capitalists dominating international economy today are now preparing to do the same. e The international chamber of commerce, with headquarters in Rome, is in practice only a puppet of the best brains of Yankee finance and industry. This makeshift organization has appointed a sub- committee to study the effects of the Dawes plan s and means of meeting the dif- ficulties and complications that are likely to arise in the wake of the acceptance of the American receivership of Germany. Such prominent Amer- ican employing class leaders as Owen D. Young, chairman of the board of the General Electric com- pany, A. Bedford, chairman of the board of the Standard Oil company of New Jersey, and Fred I. Kent, vice-president of Morgan’s Bankers’ Trust company, are amongst the chosen few to lead our ruling class out of whatever wilderness the Dawes plan might bring them into. We are certain that every fraudulent solution devised by these financial solons to meet the ob- stacles arising from the Dawes plan will only prove a fertile source for new and more serious hurdles in the path of capitalist production and exchange. The painful phase of the whole con- tradictory process lies in the fact that it is so onerous, so burdensome, so costly to the working masses. At this moment thousands of German railway workers are being dismissed in order to enable the allied and American imperialists to stabilize German capitalism. This stabilization is another false solution since all the imperialists are after is to stabilize the poverty and the degrada- tion of the German and other working masses—to perpetuate world capitalism. Imperialist Leadership The warning sounded by Sir Auckland Geddes, former British ambassador to the United States, that America supremacy is signficant and timely. Geddes points out very well that England was losing her hold on her vast colonial possessions and that the United States is more and more strengthening its nfluence on Canada, Australia and New Zealand. Geddes’ fears and warnings are , well-found- d. At no time before in history has the colonial juestion been frauglit with so much danger to . BP. of L., now meeting at El Paso. The Trade| the continuity and stability of the British Empire. n» Educational League has long fought for the anization of the unorganized. The means and hods of doing this great task may be defined rently, but that the A. F. of L. must take the jative and begin a great drive with all its wers by uniting its forces in all localities and in- ustries to sweep the wide masses into the ranks ‘the unions, is a primary necessity. 'f the T. U. E. L. resolution, which will be sub- is.tted to the convention is ignored, the primary uty of the A. F. of L. is ignored. If it is defeated, the whole working class, organized as well as un- mganized, is defeated. What will the A. F. of i. do? E The Struggle for Morocco The increasing political and economic disturb- ances in Spain are now approaching a sweeping revolutionary character. This developing revolt against the Fascist directorate of Primo de Rivera is closely intertwined with the disasters that have befallen the Spanish military forces fighting on the Moroccan desert against the Riffs. Morocco has more than once been a bone of con- tention amongst the imperialist national groups. Those who recall the Moroccan incident before the war will remember that it was accepted then as a certain indication of an impending world conflict. Today, Spain is looking upon the territory occupied by the Riffs as a means of recouping the fortunes of her weakened capitalists. So far the Spanish army has been humbled in the dust be- fore the victorious Moroccan troops of the Riff sultan. Many suspect French aid has played its part in the overwhelming defeat administered to the marauders in Spanish uniform, The fight of the Riffs is only part of the fight of the hundreds of millions of colonial peoples enslaved and exploited by the capitalist imperial- ist groups. The land oceupied by the Riffs, who vecently have proclaimed their national independ- ence, abounds in such natural resources as iron, silver, copper and lead. It is these resources that the European powers are now scheming and fight- ing for. It is precisely this reason that accounts for the continued military operations by Spain to maintain its hold on this desert country. The Riffs will never be given their independence by Spain as long as the Spanish exploiters retain political power. The only language the Spanish oppressors, like the American, British, French and other imperialists, understand is the language of the machine-gun and the bayonet. The Riffs know this to be the truth. They have been speaking rather eloquently in this tongue to the Spanish Fascist clique. The sooner the oppressed colonial peoples in the Philippines, in India, in Java, in Syria and in the Havaii islands learn to speak as effectively and in the same tongue as the Riffs have spoken the sooner will they win their free- dom, India has been neither pacified nor cajoled into submission. Egypt is in turmoil. The menacing shadow of French imperialism hangs over Meso- potamia. American investments are increasing at a terrific pace in Canada. In the Pacific, Aus- tralia and New Zealand are trebling their trade with the United States. The Yankee imperialists are utilizing their conflict with the Japanese cap- italists to win over British Pacific sentiment in order to weaken or destroy the possibilities of Great Britain lining up with the Nipponese when the war breaks in the Far East. Swiftly and surely have the American imperial- ists been overwhelming the British in the race for world commercial, financial and industrial sup- remacy. America’s colonial empire is yet only a source of strength to Yankee imperialism. Great Britain’s colonial empire is not only a source of strength but is steadily assuming the role of a serious danger. The opposition to Amer- ican domination in the colonies on the part of the oppressed peoples is not yet of sufficient mag- nitude to challenge effectively the rule of — the Woods, Farringtons, Kellogs and Reilleys. In the form in which it was given the warning sounded by Geddes appears friendly. In fact, it is a eall to action to rouse the British imper- ialists to get on their hind legs and fight back. The declaration of Geddes only adds more pitech-blackness to the gathering war clouds now hovering in a pall over the world. William Butler, Calvin Coolidge’s strongest financial backer for the presidency, is expected to be placed on the foreign relations committee, one of the most important committees in congress. Butler is a millionaire manufacturer. He intends to be the Mark Hanna of the Coglidge administra- tion, Considering the political infancy of the Texas voters it’s quite natural they elected a governess. They could have done worse however. They might have elected the Moron who ran on the Ku Kinx Klan ticket. The workers who took Coolidge’s prosperity dope seriously will have plenty of time to wake up from their debauch. The textile workers of New Eng- land found a wage cut greeting them a few days after Coolidge was elected. Hi. L. Mencken, is now scribbling for the Chicago Tribune. Mencken is supposed to be a radical but the type that the capitalists like. No fear that Mencken will help to topple the capitalist system. The Spanish dictatorship succeeded on floating an internal loan of 1,200,000,000 pesetas. The press dispatch does not say how many barrels of castor oil were used in putting it over. the menace to British imperial | lical stage in Great Britain. months, it dropped 12,680,000 Monday, November 17, 1924 The Decline of Capitalism and the Rise -of Sovietism By ISRAEL AMTER. R. HUGHES has often declared | that Soviet Russia is in no posi- tion to play a part in international | commerce, so that recognition would be of no practical meaning. A glance | over the present situation in a few] capitalist countries and comparison | of it with the situation in Soviet| Russia would not be amiss, in order | to blast this idea. The late labor government ‘in Great Britain boasted upon going in- to power that it alone had the means of abolishing unemployment and rais- | ing the industrial and political con-| dition of the country. Ramsay MacDon- ald may be a brilliant orator, but he cannot get glib with facts. Great Britain is in the midst of a real crisis. The Dawes reparation plan, which is intended not only as a means of res- toring Germany to world. economy, but also of improving the general econ- omic situation of the capitaist world, has brought no wave of prosperity to Great Britain. On the contrary, the general situation has become more critical. At the end of September, only 170 of the 484 blast furnaces were in operation. The September | iron production amounted to 562,000 tons compared with an average monthly production of 869,000 tons in 1913, The month’s exports of iron and steel amounted to 325,462 tons compared with 353,463 tons in 1923 and 414,100 tons in pre-war times. The decline is attributed to the ex-| pansion of the Belgian and French | iron and steel industry, the competi-| tion of America, which is exporting in| ever larger quantities to countries which hitherto have been British dom- ain, and the fact that the British colonies and Dominions are becoming large producers of iron and steel them- selves. Thus the decrease of 46 per cent in iron and steel exports from 1913 to 1922 is accounted for by a dim- inution of 44 per cent to the cojoniés and 59 per cent to the Dominions. Coal production has reached a crit- In nine tons. tons, Exports decreased 14,832,000 |meaning a reduction in export values; U. S, A,, and his boss, J. P. Morgan, amounting to £1,557,000: On Septem- ber 27, 48 mines shut down. ‘ The crisis in the British coal in- dustry is attributed in greatest part to French competition, to the opening of mines in Africa, India, the Far East and Central America, ‘and to the in- creased competition of America which exported coal to the amount of $65,- 000,000. No wonder that the British miners demanded that MacDonald re- ject the Dawes plan—not in the inter- est of their fellow-workers in Ger- many—but as a millstone that has been laid about the necks of the Brit- ish miners. The textile industry is in a hope- less state. Before the war, unemploy- ment did not exceed 2 per cent. At the present time, 10 per cent of the male and 8 per cent of the female operatives are jobless, and half of the workers are working short-time amounting to 1 to 4 days a week, In 1913, the average monthly produc- tion amounted to 596,000,000 square yards; in August of this year it was only 374,000,000 square yards. The crisis is due to the growing import- ance of the French textile industry |and the increasing power of the Amer- ican industry, In 1913 there were 55,- |000,000 spindles in Great Britain, 29,- 000,000 in the U. S.A. In 1924, Great Britain operated 56,700,000 spindles, the U. S. A. 37,700,000. America’s exports have increased from 27 to 89 = million dollars. Furthermore, China, Japan and India have increased |the number of spindles in operation. Coal and iron are the life of modern industry. They are the very core of the power of British capitalism. These industries are slowly paralyzing in Great Britain—a capitalist state of the first order. The Dawes plan, panacea for all the misery of the world, is in operation in Germany. At least the first steps have already been taken. Unquestion- ably being intended to aid the capital- ists of the country in restoring “or- der” and in paying the reparations— WHICH MUST COME FROM A SUR- PLUS OF EXPORTS—it ought to produce excellent results. Dawes, ‘the honorable vice-president-elect of the | ELEMENTARY -MARXIAN ECONOMICS LASS in Elementary Marxian Economics, questions for Wed- nesday, Noy. 19. Meets at 2613 Hirsch |of this remaining value? Blvd., at 8 p. m. Earl R. Browder, instructor. Read this week, “Value, Price and Profit,” Marx, chaps. 11 and 12, and “Wage Labor and Capital,” Marx. 1. What are the different parts in- to which surplus value is divided? 2. Is there any such thing as “value of land,” in the Marxian sense of the term value? 3. What is the source of rent? Of interest? Of industriai or commercial profit? 4. Which is the most important re- lationship of the worker—the rela- tionship to the landlord, to the finan- cial capitalist, or to the employing capitalist? Why? 5. What is the difference between a rate of profit based on capital ad- vanced in wages and a rate of profit based upon total capital employed? Give an example. 6. How does a “rate of profit,” based upon the ‘total capital invested, conceal the degree of exploitation of labor (rate of surplus value)? 7. Dedueting from the value of a commodity, the value of the raw ma- terial (past labor) used in its produc- tion, what rémains? What becomes 8. Can the value crystallized in a commodity be altered by any change in the rate of division between profit and wage? 9. When wages are changed, does than change value of the commodity? Does it change profit? Does change of profit change value of commodity? Does it change the wage? 10. Does an increased profit create a higher price for commodities? Does an increased wage bring a higher price for commodities? If increased profits or wages do not increase prices, what does? What lowers prices? Answers to Last Week’s Questions. Collateral reading, “Value, Price and Profit,” Marx, chaps. 8, 9 and 10, “Wage Labor and Capital,” Marx. 1, As labor, measured by units of ‘ime, is itself the fundamental meas- urement of value, the value of 10 hours labor cannot be determined by anything but the 10 hours labor itself, The value of labor power takes the semblance of the value of labor, altho, strictly speaking, “value of labor” is @ senseless term, Marx says: “In using the term ‘value of labor,’ I shall only use it as a popular slang term for ‘value of labor power.’” 2. It is determined by the quantity of labor socially necessary to repro- duce it. The value of labor power will always, under normal capitalist pro- duction, be less than the values pro- duced by the application of labor n ene an TIME IN HISTORY—A A few days, and we'll tell you about it! On tip-t power. It is this margin between the value of labor power and the value of the products of its application that is the source of surplus value, 3. The amount of surplus value is determined by the relation of wages (or the value of labor power) to the value of the commodities produced (crystallized labor). Increase in wages is reflected in decreased surplus value and vice versa. 4. Wages constitute the price of the necessaries required to feproduce the power of labor, therefore the price of labor power; to speak of wages as the power of labor, would be an at- tempt to establish an impossible equation, because there is always a portion of labor received by the cap- italist without price (surplus value). 5. Under slavery, serfdom, and wage labor alike, portions of labor are paid while ofhers are unpaid. This similarity is obscured by the social form of the exploitation; slavery has the appearance of consisting of all unpaid labor; serfdom is the open have told us so, so facts should sub- stantiate their reasoning. But the facts do not. In September imports exceeded exports by 59,400,000 marks (about $14,000,000). Exports increased from 564,050,000 marks in August to 589,300,000 marks in September; but imports rose from 448,200,000 marks in August to 623,400,000 in Septem- ber. The value of exported manufac- tured wares decreased from 454,600,000 marks to 442,800,000 marks, while that of half-finished products in- creased from 37,050,000 marks, to 42,- 760,000 marks—the sole increase. Wages, as a consequence, are stead- ily decreasing in Germany, factories and mines are shutting down, hours are being lengthened. Wages are as low as 15 marks (about $3.50) a week, from which must be deducted 10 per cent for taxes, insurance, etc. Ap- prentices get as low as 7 marks (about $1.60) a week, with the usual deductions. This is capitalist Germany, where two-thirds of the direct and indirect taxes are shouldered by the working class, while the big capitalists report an “improvement in conditions.” These are two typical examples of capitalist countries, which give the workers ““happiness, prosperity and well-being.” These are a few of the | immediate “wholesome” results of ‘the | Dawes plan, which was hailed by the | capitalists and capitalist governments the world over as the means of saving humanity. Soviet Russia, on the other hand, to which Morgan,’in his beneficence, has suggested the application of a Dawes plan, is ever steadily on the upgrade. Despite the years of revolution, block- ade and famine—and despite the poor crops of this year—conditions in Soviet Russia are uninterruptedly im- proving. In the month of September, production of coal increased 11 per cent, of yarn 56 per cent, of textile goods 51 per cent. The metal, tex- tile and leather industries cannot sup- ply the demand for goods. Despite tire demand which, in capitalist countries leads to rises in prices, prices in Soviet Russia have been lowered. The NEP people have tried to take advan- division between paid and unpaid labor; while wage labor is. covered by the fiction of being all paid labor. In each case labor produces values which are expropriated by the ruling class. 6. Profits are regularly realized un- der capitalism by selling commodities at their actual value. The transforma- tion of commodity into money is the realization of the unpaid labor, the surplus value, crystallized in the com- modity, which is the source of all profit. “7. Capitalists desire longer hours because within each hour is contained a portion of unpaid labor which in- creases profits. Longer hours also lowers the demand for labor power and thus reduces its price. The work- ers want shorter hours of labor be- cause it. decreases the rate of ex- ploitation and increases their relative economic power in the market. 8. Whenever the rate of exploita- tion is higher than 50 per cent, and the increased rates for overtime ure compensated for by savings in reduc- tion of overhead costs and more in- tensive use of means of production, then capitalists make higher profits by long hours at higher rates of pro- (Continued from Page 1.) Carlson reported on the factory cam- paigns. Comrade Garver in charge of the campaign at Sears-Roebuck and com- pany reported briefly on the results of last week's campaign, as published in the DAILY WORKER of last week and remarked that the response of the comrades to work at the gates of Sears-Roebuck and Philipsborn was very encouraging and inspiring. Many and many comrades laid off work to attend to this work and many com- rades were on the job every day, morning and evening, rain or shine. However there were only a few, who tho volunteering, did not appear on the firing line and the cases of those will be looked after by the city organ: ization. Announcements were then made of the industrial class which holds its last lecture tonight on the External Work of the Nuclei, and Comrade Williamson will then summarize his whole course of lectures, Comrades who failed to attend this class should at least attend the last lecture and get an outline of the work accom- plished. Hold League Workers’ Meeting. It was also announced that Tues- day, Nov. 18, at_2613 Hirsch Blvd.,.a functionaries mefting will be held, All organizers, secretaries, educational directors and literature agents should attend this meeting, so that the work of the new branches can be carried on more swiftly and efficiently and there- fore with greater results. EXPOSE BIG MAIL ORDER HOUSES D YOU ARE TO ute posters advertising the Youn; Workers League concert and ball of next Saturday, Noy. 22, at the Work- ers’ Lyceum, as well 28 to put up posters for the Labor Defense bazaar And volunteers were called for next week's campaign. Well over fifty com- rades responded to thet appeal to be at the gates of Montgomery, Ward, jand Chicago Mail Order houses every afternoon and evening in the week. A young comrade from Sears-Roe- buck, reported very briefly on the ef- fect the Young Worker had in Sears- and said that the young workers there liked the paper, liked as the termed it, its audacity in razzing the bosses, and telling the truth about the condidtions, He said the bosses were trying to in: timidate the workers there from buy- ing or reading the paper on the premi- ses, but workers were all buying it and sticking it in their pockets when are around. Must Organize League Units. Comrade Carlson reported on our | aims in these mail order house paigns, pointing out that a unit of the Young Workers League must be es- tablished in every single house where we are carying on a campaign. He told how our members inside the plant and those working outside should talk to the young workers there, and taking up any petty griev- ance which they may have (and there is plenty) lead up to their bigger pol- itical. problems, show to them our youth demands and enroll them intc our ranks, cat D PLAY YOUR PART! oe, ready to tage of the situation, but the competi- tion Of the state-controlled and ci operative organizations has ~ beatei them. There is a discrepancy in the wholesale and retail price index,:in favor of the latter, but that is to be regulnted by the government. In September, the value of the total production increased 150,000,000 rub- les ($75,000,000). Soviet Russia in- tends to buy $200,000,000 worth of goods in the United States. This will include about 425,000 bales of cotton, worth 100,000,000 rubles. The budget for 1924-5 provides: for exports .of $235,000,000, an increase of $10,000,000 over last year. This will mean an ex. port balance of $38,000,000. Included in the exports will be 1,350,000 tons ot grain. This steady solidification of Soviet economy in the face of a collapse of world capitalism is one of the phen- omena of the day, Even if there is a temporary period of stability in the United States, as long as Europe can- not buy from the United States, Amer. ican industry will be threatened. The failure of crops in Argentine, Aus- tralia, Canada, Germany, Rumania and Soviet Russia have aided the Ameri- can farmer during the past few months. The manipulations of the capitalists during the election campaign, and the fact that stocks were being used up, have temporarily Kenge unemploy- ment figures in the United States ffom mounting. The Dawes report states that the condition in Germany as it was before would have led to “insurrection or revolution.” The sit. uation of the German worker is NOT improving: it is getting worse. The British worker is getting into the same position. These are symptoms of the fact that the Dawes plan, the last attempt of the capitalists to re- store Europe, cannot rehabilitate her. Need it be argued that Sovietism is the only safeguard for the workers against further exploitation and de- gradation? Need it be argued that capitalism is leading world economy to hell and that, despite all attacks, military invasions and blockades, Soviet Russia is rising to new heights? Facts speak. Let the above facts speak for themselves. duction, then capitalists make higher profits by long-hours at higher rates than by short hours at lower rates of wages. 9. The value of a new commodity produced by the application of labor power to raw material is determined by the socially necessary labor ex pended in its immediate production— plus the past labor crystallized in the raw material. a 10. Surplus value is realized by the capitalist in the form of profit thru the sale of the commodity—thru its transformation into money. % AS WE SEE IT By T. J. O'FLAHERTY. (Continued from Page 1.) their , parasites spend the rest of their days or whether they sleep in their jackets or not. That is some- thing that the workers of other coun- tries must worry over. ' * * i 'HE BECKWITH PRESS, which publishes the literary garbage put out by America’s foremost stool- pigeons does not seem to prosper very well. A correspondent sent us a let- ter from this publishing firm to a company for which he works, asking for help in getting their anti-radical literature into the public libaries, The letter in which the request is made is replete with grammatical errors and bad spelling. They complain that they cannot find any retail stores: to handle such books as “The Reds in America” and other productions ex- posing the Communist “menace.” ea oa 4 i Bence CHICAGO TRIBUNE is getting excited over the opening of Sena- tor Borah’s latest campaign for the recognition of Soviet Russia, Washington diehards admit that: exposure of the “Zinoviev a forgery takes away another argu- ment that Hughes’ friends were about to use extensively to combat rece tion. The Tribune states work: ~ { that the United States cannot nize Russia as long as it’ is @ ers’ government. But the ‘f premier of France kept on saying | until the French sent him into itical wilderness. sit San Francisco on the SAN FRANCISCO, Cal. Workers Party members of San Fran cisco will please keep the following dates open: 5 ’ On Saturday and Sunday. nij Nov. 22 and 23, there will be a baz for the benefit of Labor Unity; | Saturday night, Nov. 29, a dance giv by the International Chorus Sunday night, Nov. 30, a mass 4 ing for the benefit of German All of these affairs will be held aj Valencia street. Notify your Ms i oh pe ie gol