The Daily Worker Newspaper, July 22, 1924, Page 5

* { | #} Tuesday, July 22, 1924 RUSSIAN C0-OPS BOOMING SINGE COMMUNIST 0. K Poorer Peasants Unite in Production Units By ANISE (Pederated Press Staff Correspondent.) MOSCOW, July 21.—Following the encouragement given to the Russian co-operatives by the congress of the Communist Party, their work has been increasing in all directions. The peasants divide into groups of richer and poorer, President Kalenin Says, not so much on account of the land they own, but of the live stock and equipment, which becomes a tool to exploit the poorer peasant in the interest of the man who has horses and plows and lends them at ruinous rates. Owning In Common. Groups of the poorer peasants com- bine to own in common agricultural machinery, stock breeding places, and co-operative unions of production. ‘These have shown great vitality, often raising their production above that of the average peasant in the locality. There are also household co-oper- atives among the poorer peasants. To these, says Kalenin, the state should give such credit for establishing co- operative fishing units, for manufac- ture of vegetable oils and similar simple industries based on agriculture. Big Membership Gain. The general compaign for voluntary members of co-operatives is proceed- ing better than was expected. In Smolensk, for instance, shareholders, increased from 7,000 to 60,000, of which 30,000 paid up their shares and the poorer members are offering labor and transport service to pay their shares, The number is expected to reach 7,000,000 in the Russian repub- lic alone, not counting the Ukraine. The All-Russian Co-operative bank has increased the number of share- holders from 1321 to 1735. The Lon- don branch of this bank, which has been held for some years by a direc- torate of emigres, has now been re- turned to the All-Russian Co-operative bank in Moscow. It brings with it.e balance of $3,500,000 which will be used in financing import and export operations of the co-operatives. New Zealand Board of Arbitration Denies ’ Union Aid to Strikers ‘WELLINGTON, New Zealand, July 21—The extent to which arbitration Jaw has énslaved the New Zealand workers is exemplified in a new sea- men’s and firemen’s award filed by the New Zealand arbitration court. A clause is inserted prohibiting the union from encouraging, aiding or abetting any strike, or “job control” by any of its members. Job control includes “any attempt by members to || enforce industrial conditions other \|than prescribed or legally recog- nized.” OUR DAILY A GOOD “KITCHEN SET.” 4806. Rubberized ‘sughem, or other pron. The pattern is cut in one size—me- Pattern mailed to any address on re eipt of 12 cents in silver or stamps. “ _ Send 12 cents in silver or stamps for if UP-TO-DATE SPRING AND SUM- (OR, 1934, BOOK OF FASHIONS. | athe a ILLINOIS BIG BUSINESS PLANS HUGE LOBBYING CAMPAIGN TO GET STATE CONSTABULARY ESTABLISHED Washington to make him come vealed by big business. “We don’t want to tell our men, “but they must know that we are interested and I doubt if we spend enough time on this subject.’” Treats 'Em Rough. That is his soft pedal Here’s his rough stuff: “I wrote a letter the other day to my congressman,” Pirie also says, “and he sent me an answer back signed by his clerk, thanking me for my com- munication and stating that he would give it careful consideration. “I wrote him back not to clutter up the mails with that sort of stuff and if he could not answer me to say so; not to write that stuff.” It’s a safe bet the congressman re- turned an agreeable answer. Business to Invade Capital. Cards are now being sent out by the legislative committee of the Illi- nois chamber.of commerce asking ev- ery member to visit Springfield, the state capital, during the coming ses- sion: It has members in 118 Illinois cities, comprising 47,000 business men and business establishments. This army of 47,000 that is to de- scend on the state legislators is com- ing in a purely helpful spirit, its offi- €ials declare. “The Illinois chamber of commerce takes a very active part in legislative affairs,” they assert, “not in a spirit of criticism and continued faultfinding, but to help legislators un- derstand what the needs of the state are, From our experience in the past we are confident that all the senators and representatives will give the vis- manner. chintz could be used for this model. A simple finish of stitching or stitch- ery, or a binding in contrasting color, would be very pleasing. 4 or 6 years. A 4-year size requires 2% yards of 36-inch material, receipt of 12c in silver or stamps. itors a hearty welcome.” Push Cossack Bill. The outstanding item in the cham- ber’s legislative program is the state mounted police or constabulary bill, which failed at the last session, but is to be pushed with increased pressure next session. That the constabulary is to be used in labor troubles is seen from the propaganda of the business men and bankers in its behalf. Their most fre- quent assertion is that the force would have been most useful in the labor troubles at Herrin in 1922, A Mary- land propagandist for constabularies writes in the Illinois chamber’s official organ for July: “Had there been a state police force in Illinois there wouldn't have been that trouble in Herrin.” Textile Wage Cut. MARTINSBURG, W. Va., July 21.— Unemployment in the mills around Martinsburg has been partially ended. After accepting wage cuts of 10 per cent, employes of the six plants of the Interwoven Mills, Inc., have been per- mitted to go back to work. By CARL HAESSLER (Federated Press Staff Correspondent) How to treat your state legislator or your congressman at acrogs has been charmingly re- There are times to treat ‘em rough and times to be honey- sweet and kind. John T. Pirie of the openshop State St. depart- ment store, Carson Pirie Scott & Co., likes both ways. legislators what they should do or what they should not do,” Pirie advises his fellow business- ————— Russian Churchmen Give Tikhon “Axe”; Hail Soviet State MOSCOW, June 12.—By mail.— The All-Russian Church. Conference, called by the Synod (head organ of the Russian Orthodox Church) for passing judgment on the activities of ex-Patriarch Tikhon, now united with the Living Church, was opened here yesterday. Among the documents read at the conference were the decisions of the Constantinople Universal Patriarch regarding the necessity of removing Tikhon from the leadership of the church, the abolition of the Patri- archate.of Russia and the transfer in this country of the administration of the church to the Synod; and the non- canonical status of the Russian Synod existing abroad. The church conference decided, to- day, against any reconciliation with Tikhon, whom they look upon as an “anrepenting instrument responsible for the decay of the church, an adven- turer and a reactionary, not belong- ing to the Orthodox church, but the head of the Tikhon seat.” The conference proclaimed “many years’ of life” to the Soviet Power and the head of the Soviet State. Doheny Coming to Mexico to Steal _ Where Mac Failed MEXICO CITY, July 21—Doheny & Co. are coming to Mexico to held a special conference with President Obregon. They will try again as they tried with Wm. G. McAdoo’s expensive help to completely annul article 27 of the Mexican constitution. They want absolute ownership in the sub- soil, which by the article can belong to the nation. If;Doheny can put his scheme over he will procure a loan for Mexico. If not he and his ilk will continue their sabotage of Mexican law. Your Union Meeting Fourth Tuesday, July 22, 1924, 144 Amalgamated Clothing Work- ers, 1569 N. Robey St. 1939 Mil- 12 W. Monroe St. Workers, Paving i 1 W. Washington. ‘oint Council, 514 W. 117th Diversey and Sheffield. 023 E. sth Chicago PATTERNS A PRETTY “PLAY” GARMENT. 428s! Linen, chambrey, flannel or The Pattern is cut in 3 Sizes: 2, Pattern mailed to any address on Send 12c in silver or stamps for our UP-TO-DATE SPRING & SUMMER 1924 BOOK OF FASHIONS. Address: The Dally Worker, 1113 W. Washington Bivd., Chicago, Ill. Fogg go pat en misting ‘ee pas 4 High- and 26th. Van Buren 1 THE DAILY WORKER CALLES WON BY MANY VOTES IN MEX ELECTION: Flores’ Contest Will Go to Congress By E. G. WOLFE (Federated Press Staff Correspondent.) MEXICO CITY, July 21.—In spite | of a very peaceful election the Mexi- | can National congress will decide whether Gen. Calles or Gen. Flores will be the next president of Mexico. After the votes had been counted the columns—Calles Elected and Flores Elected, based upon the reports of | their campaign committees. It was a quiet election. ple were disarmed. The keep saloons closed was obeyed. The All peo- were rolling majestically down the | city streets. Extra heavy police and special guards were scattered thru | the capitol. Quietest Election. Election day, July 6, was one of the quietest Sundays in Mexico. Most people stayed at home. The wives and mothers of voters prayed that their dear ones come back safe and sound. The government is preparing to meet anything that may follow the election. If another revolution breaks out it will be put down quickly. It will be impossible for the foreign financiers and landowners to impose Flores, for judging even from con- servative returns Calles won by an overwhelming majority. U. S. Loan ReJected. “I deserve a rest after four years of a presidential term which began and ended with a revolution,” was the reply of President Obregon to the question whether he would’take the ministry of war under Calles. In December when his term drews to a close he will go back to his native state, Sonora.! Questioned about a Mexican loan from the New York bankers, he said he preferred to leave an empty “treasury to his successor rather than a full treasury with a string tied to it, a string with which American oil could strangle the Mexi- can nation. One-Man Streetcars Increase Accident Risk Inquest Shows DANVILLE, Ill, July 21.—The first official protest against the construc- tion of one-man operated street cars in this city, which became the policy for the company last September, was made today when a coroner’s jury at the inquest of two and one-half year old Chester Juvinall declared that traffic conditions in the city made it impossible for one man to operate a street car and attend to all of the duties required of him. The motorman, James Lucas, was not held to blame personally, the com- pany being blamed for all of the short- comings of the service. Evidence showed that the tot walked out onto the street car tracks and was not seen by the motorman, who was busily engaged in Issuing transfers at the time. The car had been slowed down to a six-mile-an-hour clip. This ig the first fatality following a long series, pf | accidents since the one-man cars (Continued from page 1.) pre-war days would rise again, strong- EXPOSES DAWES PLAN TO WORLD ous.” | be enslaved by long hours and low er than ever, and the meaning of the| Wages, in order to give an excuse war for England, would be destroyed. “Therefore, the policy of England is in no way directed towards freeing Germany from the burden of repara- tions, but is directed towards the eco- nomic enslavement of Germany, and at the same time to prevent the in- corporation of Germany into the French imperialist system.” France Had To Back Up. The English policy succeeded with the Dawes plan. military standpoint, for the German bourgeoisie, instead of making sacri- metropolitan press carried in parallel | fices, used. the passive resistance for their own plun enrichment dering of the state coffers. and for the They j were at last compelled to sign agre® ments with France and pay heavy taxes. Poincare obtained the produc- order tO tive pledges he was after, but France| was too weak economically \to consoli- night before election armored cars |date this victory. The rapid fall of the franc compelled her to seek the aid of English and American bankers. She had exhausted herself in the struggle, just as the far-seeing Eng- lish bourgeoisie intended. She had to abandon her hope of a French solu- tion of the reparations problem, and resort to a new ‘international solu- tion acceptable to the big interests of England and America. The vic: tory of the left block in the French traders and peasants are more inter- ested in a stable franc than in Poin- care’s imperialist expansion. Bankers Grab Germany. So the control of the German situ- ation passed into the hands of the English and American holders of money, and the report of the experts people. two solutions, to secure reparations, at the cost of sharp competition of Germany on the world market, with depreciation of the mark, social un- rest, and the risk of a revolution in Germany; or to give up the larger reparations claims but gain instead such control over the industrial pro- feport of the experts means that the latter solution was taken. Rall And Bank Control. It provides a mortgage on the Ger- man railways and a control of them by the Entente. This means that passenger and freight rates must be kept high so that German industry may not encourage export by low freight rates. It provides a five bil- lion mortgage on German industry; the purpose of this is to increase the costs of German industry and keep it from competing. It provides con- trol of the central banking institu- tions of Germany, which means that the size of credits and rate of inter- est extended to German industrialists, will be determined by the Entente industrialists, and thus hamper Ger- man industry. And finally, it pro- vides that five billions of gold marks invested in German securities shall be held by Entente bourgeoisie, which thus gains control in the more import- ant branches. “Germany,” says Comrade Varga, “is to be treated like a valuable draught-horse; she is to be permit- ted to live, but not to become danger- DAWES PLAN OR BUST, were established. 381 505 § , 1030 741 S. rn Ave. 302 (Loc.), 5088 Wentworth 402 © 180 W. Washington St. 645, (Loc.), 2483 W. Roose- 826 3th St. 8705 27 15441 > a E. 15th St., Chi- iM Na a 8 814 W. Harrisen St. jent Workers, 328 W. ~ Sa aT Duluth Strike of Amalgamated Ends With Compromise DULUTH, Minn., July 21.—Striking members of the Amalgamated Cloth- ing Workers at the Duluth factory of F. A. Patrick & Co. are back at work. The strike, which began March 17, was a Protest at the discharge of union members and a demand for union rec- Meat Cutt Houst a Marine e Fire Oilers, ay N. 8, 175 W. Washington St., Council, 220 8. 220 8. Ashland ‘d. Whi ognition. The compromise restores the jobs but gives no general union rec- ognition. The strike had indorsement from the labor movement in the dis- trict. Send in that Subscription sToday. FINANCIER’S WARNING AT BANK CONVENTION BALTIMORE, July 21.— Fred |. Kent, vice-president of the Bank- ers’ Trust Company of New York held up the Dawes pian as the hope of American business, in an ad- dress to the annual convention of the American Institute of Banking. “Failure would be disastrous,” he declared. “If the plan were re fused, France and Belgium would continue their hold on the Ruhr and all European exchanges would be subjected to further severe shocks. “The reaction upon the United States would undoubtedly, be more ere than anything which has happened since the war.” bad UNCLE WIGGILY'’S TRICKS Fh Y neh Tr. vs = TILL France won from a elections show that the French small) framed a solution acceptable to these | They had a choice between | cesses of Germany that they could ex- ploit her for their own benefit and forever hold her down as a rival. The |for reducing wages in other lands. At | the same time German industry is not |to be allowed to profit from these |low wages, as it has done during the U. S. Getting Into Europe. And meantime, America’s attitude Behind the many phrases ing presidential campaign, to make tions a great moral issue, Comrade Varga traces cooly the economic rea- sons for both sides of the discussion. | “Owing to the boom prevailing in the geoisie of that country have had no inducement to involve themselves in European affairs. With the end of that boom, and the necessity for a world market, the interest of the American bourgeoisie in Europe in- creases and a share in the plunder- ing of Germany appears to them more desirable. Bagring European Communists. “By limitation of immigration from Europe, they avoid the risk of Com- munist infection from the working class of Euvfope, and confirm their own workers in the belief that they are a class apart, especially favored. They even increase the conservatism and sense of special privilege among these native Americans, by appear- ing to keep out foreign workers in re- sponse to the demands of Gompers and Co. But this exclusion merely means for the big capitalists of Amer- ica that the European workers, and especially the Germans, are to be ex- ploited for their benefit, not in Amer- ica, but in Germany. From the stand- point of the big capitalists, there are distinct advantages to this method, since it avoids the mixing of Ger- Tang with American workers, altho their competition remains just as ac- tual and as easy a tool for the capital- ists to use. i Will the Experts get away with it? Comrade Varga thinks it is quite pos- sible that they may, for a period of even five years. Provided the poli- tieal control of the bourgeoisie in Germany is a firm one and the produc- tive processes are not disturbed by heavy conflicts. The full payments contemplated af- ter five years are more doubtful, and can, Comrade Varga believes, neither be paid by Germany nor accepted by the Entente in any form which can be devised. Bourgeoisie Bound For Rocks. All this assumes that the workers of the world, and of Germany, will remain quiet apd work at low wages. But at the present time there are wide spread and repeated crises everywhere which make this unlike- ly. _No sooner does one country in Europe stabilize its currency for a moment, than another begins to drop. There is @ widespread agrarian crisis thruout the world, ruining millions of farmers. This, in itself, is due to the general crisis in industry, where- by for instance, the average German, who ate 239 kilograms of bread in 1913, could only eat 16) kilogyams in 1923! The world is, in other words, in such bad shape that it can't af- ford to eat heartily, and this, in turn, is ruining the farmers. The prob- lem of inter-allied debts is still to be solved. They have not begun to be paid yet. Revolutionary Situations. ‘The immediate future, thinks Com- rade Varga, will produce many severe struggles between capitalists and workers, and many crises great enough to lead to revolutionary situ- ations, Whether they will actually lead to successful revolutions is an- other matter, and one which he feels depends very largely on the extent to which large mass movements of the workers become conscious of their power and the extent to which the working peasants, already suffering severely from the agricultural crisis, are drawn into a fighting alliance against land holders and capitalists. The economic situation of itself will not bring victory; it requires deter- mined organization to achieve it. The German proletariat is to which will be usad during the com-| Americans see in the League of Na-| United States,” he says, “the bour- | [SCHOOL STUDIES LABOR PROBLEMS OF LARGE FARMS Conducts Real Trial in past five years ‘to the detriment Arkansas of the Entente capitalists. This will | be prevented by the burdens ingeni- (By The Federated Press) jously loaded upon German industry| RUSSELLVILLE, Ark., July 21— | by the Experts’ Report. Experiments in the labor problems of large scale cotton farming are be- ing made by the agricultural school at Russellville, Ark. This school farm is in the heart of an important cot- ton growing district. ‘The labor me- thods used are applicable to any eot- ton farm having large yields. 300 Acre Field. There are 300 acres in field crops. Seventy-five acres are in cotton. The three hundred acre field is worked by men. Additional help was hired to chop the cotton to a stand. A very comfortable house is provid- ed for each of the five men and fam- ily rent free. The men are paid $45 to $50 per month, depending on their experience in handling the large farm implements. Hach family is fur- nished all the land it needs for a garden and half an acre for potatoes. In many sections of the cotton belt, labor conditions are intolerable to both landlord and tenant. The tenant will no longer work for |the annual income he has been’ get- ting on the farm noy will he live in the uncomfortable houses on the cot- ton farms. He can move to town and live better and more comfortably even if he has work only part of the time. Stabilizing. It often happens under the old me- thods on’ the cotton farms, that ten- ants run up a big store account and then after the cotton is half worked out skip out in the night. It is rea- sonable to suppose that a worker family living on a large tract in a | comfortable house with potato patch- es and gardens will not leave in mid- season. If the modern landlord ex- pects to keep first-class farm labor, he must work more acres per man and a higher yield per acre. This can be done by using modern farm imple- ments for large scale cyltivation. N. Y. Printers Boost Foster-Gitlow Fight Against Old Parties By MAY O’BRIEN NEW YORK, July 21.—Members of different printing trades unions are enthused over the’ nominations of Fos- ter and Gitlow, and are now organiz- ing a Park Row Branch of the Work- ers Party. A number of ex-democrats and ex-republicans have assured me they would vote for Foster and Git- low. Several rank and file members of the socialist party stated that they are sick of their leadership, as real socialists cannot vote for LaFollette, who is for capitalism and an anti- socialist. They also said Foster and Gitlow are the only soetalists in the field and as geal socialists we will vote and work for the candidates of the Workers Party; the rank and file socialists are Communists anyway, and it is only the personal jealopsy of jour leaders that keep us from endors- ing Fostem and Gitlow. News Telegraphers Seek Wage Raises; Ask Arbitrator (Special to the DAILY WORKER) NEW YORK, July 21.—The press division of the Commercial Telegra- phers’ union is demanding increases ranging from $10.75 to $15.75 per week. The United Press, International News, and Universal News Service are the only news agencies in the United States having contracts with the union covering telegraphers and printer machine operators. The agen- cies and union are awaiting appoint ment of a federal arbitrator, having failed to settle in direct negotiations. 01 Paulding ASHER B. PORTNOY & CO, and Deco re Ld 8 New