The Daily Worker Newspaper, July 11, 1924, Page 5

MOSCOW TRADE UNIONISTS ENJOY GOOD VACATIONS Workers Get 2 Weeks Off in Country By ANISE (Federated Press Staff Correspondent.) MOSCOW, July 9.—Nine thousand workingmen of Moscow have already enjoyed two weeks’ vacation in the rest homes and resorts maintained by the trade unions of the province for their members. In addition to these several hundred have been sent to health resorts in the mountains or on the shores of the Crimea, for longer treatment or convalescence. Payment for these vacations comes out of funds,-partly contributed by the trade unions, but especially made up of the funds which every employer of labor must contribute to social in- surance and health reserve funds. These are managed by the unions to give ordinary vacations to the workers, and special care to those whose health demands it. The unions of Moscow have 2,600 beds in summer cottages an@ resorts around Moscow, to which workers go for vacations. They also have 965 beds in sanitariums, in which the average term of rest is two and a half months. In addition they have 245 beds in resorts in the south of Russia. The places in the southern resorts are divided as follows: 64 to the textile workers, who form the larg- est number of workers around Mos- cow; 30 to the metal trades; 14 to the chemical and printing trades; 18 to the provision trades; 10 to the Cen- tral Labor council of Moscow; 138 to the ‘Labor colleges, and 3 to 8 for the other trade unions. The Communist party maintains 40 places for Moscow trade-unionists who are also party members in the sanitarium at Jalta. Franco-Russian Society Works for Soviet Recognition ee MOSCOW, June 2.—(By Mail). —It is reported from Paris that a new Society for Franco-Russian friendship has been organized in France under Mr. Herriot’s chairmanship. Among the founders are Senators Dominzte, Rostand, Deputies Painleve, Boncour, Gide, Professors Bertholet, Aular, and others. The object of the Society are an unbiased study of Russia and the restoration of Franco-Russian friend- ship on the condition of full recogni- tion of the U. S. S. R. Besides ar- rangiag for members’ trips to the Un- ion, the Society has organized a gen- eral information bureau on Russia and started all-around activities for study- ing Soviet Russia. How many of your shop-mates read THE DAILY WORKER. them to subscribe today. FOREST SCHOOLS TEACH RUSSIAN CHILDREN NEW HEALTH METHODS; RESTORE SICK BODIES SANELY By ANISE. (Special to The Daily Worker) MOSCOW, July 9.—Yesterday I visited one of the Forest Schools just out of Moscow—I have been visiting different chil- dren’s institutions all week, with a group of health experts from America, Lillian D. Wald, from Henry St. Settlement; Elizabeth Farrell, director of work for special children in New York Public Schools, and Prof. Lillian Hudson of Teachers’ College. They all agreed that the school yesterday was “the est thing they have yet seen in Russia.” But I can remember two years ago when that school did not ret ener have enough to eat, and cele- brated Christmas by giving each child a special treat of two prunes, a cube of sugar and a piece of cheese! A year ago, when I again visited it, there was food, and orderliness and sufficient clothing, but one still felt the hamper- ing efforts of poverty and lack. But yesterday it was a gay and joyous and abundant life that was going on in Forest School No. 1, at Sokolniki. Childrens’ Meeting. When we arrived, we looked for a long time before we found anyone. Thru spotless ‘room after spotless room we passed,—and spotless rooms in Russia are a new standard both for teachers and children. We saw vivid paintings full of talent on the walls; we saw vistas of green alleys thru windows, but we saw neither teachers nor children. Then suddenly around the corner of the house we came upon them; they were holding a children’s meeting to decide on many weighty problems of their common life. Some of the older boys, it seems, had formed a gang, and called them- selves “Indians” .... Not so different, are they from American children?| And these had terrorized the smaller boys, tying them to trees and pretend- ing to shoot them. They made the smaller boys swear secrecy concern- ing all that happened. Nobody told! But the expert psy- chologists and doctors on the staff of the school, who notice carefully the behavious and nervous condition of these children, knew that something was the matter. There was a secret somewhere troubling the life of the school. “Out with it,” they said. Little by little the general outlines were revealed, but without any names, Vote Own Punishment. At the children’s meeting there were calls for confessions, and one after another, the culprits confessed. The children themselves discussed the punishment. Some of them wanted the older boys tied to trees and terrorized in their turn, but the teacher ex- plained that corporal punishment did not exist in Russia. Others wanted a public vote of censure, but this was not considered red enough. They compromised by a modified form of boycott from the social life of the school for a certain period. After the meeting, the child secre- tary, looking very serious, hurried away to write out her notes at once, And then we saw the hour of sun- baths—sixty or seventy brown little bodies lying on their pallets on the OUR DAILY PATTERNS A PRETTY FROCK FOR MANY OCCASIONS. 4746, For afternoon or evening vear this model is delightful. It is retty in changebale taffeta, crepe de hine, chiffon or in the new printed oiles or figured silks. The puff ‘eeves may be omitted, The pattern is cut in three sizes: 3, 18 and 20 years. An 18-year size squires 5% yards of material 32 iches wide. The width at the foot e dress is 2% yards. sceipt of 12 cents in silver or stamps, Send 12 cents in silver or stamps yy our UP-TO-DATE SPRING AND ‘UMMER 1924 BOOK OF FASHIONS, Pattern mailed to any address on|m A PRETTY FROCK FOR MOTHER'S GIRL. 4749. Wool crepe, gingham or voile could be used for this style. ' It is also a good model for line: The closing is effected at the left on shoulder and at armecye, but additional open- ing it also provided for. The pattern is cut in four sizes: 4, 6, 8 and 10 years. An 8-year size re- quires 2 yards of 36-inch material. Pattern mailed to any address on receipt of 12 cents in silver or stamps. Send 12 cents in silver or stamps for our UP-TO-DATE SPRING AND SUMMER 1924 BOOK OF FASHIONS. Address: The Daily Worker, 1113 W. Washington Bivd., bee go, Hl. k}acy, the bourgeoisie and other sub- ,|Jects, which, treated in this m: ground, each carefully covering his head or putting himself so that his face was in the shade, but exposing the rest of his body to the rays of the noon day sun. After half an hour they gathered. in a line, still in the open air, and trooped under the primitive little shower bath which made a constant cooling, cleansing stream about their bodies. 1,000 Cured. Then dinner, and rest, and an ex- cfirsion into the woods. It was a well worked out program for making weak children strong. These children have tuberculosis in its earlier non-infeo tious stages. They stay for six months in this forest school in the woods and are then returned to their homes. One thousand children have already passed thru this single school. “But do you not find that they grow ill again under the old conditions of home and school?” asked the Amer- ican visitors. “We follow them up rather care- fully,” was the answer. “While they are here in the forest school they not only are well cared for, but we teach them the rules of hygiene, how to breathe, how to care for themselves generally. We also teach them how to study, so that their school work will no longer be so difficult for them. And we have conferences every Sunday with the parents, insisting upon the need of clean surroundings and fresh air. Few Slip Back. “Then when the children are ready to leave, they are given little record books. They are graduated as Forest scholars. The idea is instilled into them that they are the pioneers in the children’s health of all Russia, and that wherever they go, must stand for the principles of hygiene they learned. We explain to them also how to practice these principles under dif- ficult conditions. “No, we do not find that many of them slip back. On the contrary, we feel that most of these children came to us at a turning point in their lives, when they were slipping down into tuberculosis, and that now, after these six months, they go back with habits of living which will keep them grow- ing stronger and stronger.” ° There are eighty forest schools in Russia now, thirty of them being in Moscow alone. Forest School No. 1 is the model to which other teachers and doctors come for instruction and train- ing. It not only cares for children, but makes scientific investigations into the whole question of child care in the early stages of tuberculosis, and is making discoveries which will give it scientific standing in this subject thruout the world. Discover New Mental Result. One ‘very interesting discovery, which they are not willing yet to re- gard as final, but which is based on a thousand cases, shows a relation be- tween tuberculosis and’ various men- tal conditions in children. These chil- dren are on the one hand more emo- tional, less able to concentrate, more hot tempered than the average child; on the other hand, they show greater artistic talent. Teachers from the public schools who have handled normal children, have noticed the dif- ference in the work here. It is at- tributed to the slightly feverish con- dition and the stimulation which this gives to the brain, and which leads on the one hand to the instability and on the other hand to the imaginative ex- pression. They were a happy little bunch there in the woods near Moscow. They themselves do not claim to have started anything new, but merely to have taken the ideas known about forest schools and to have applied them to Russia, The form of organiza- tion, and the methods will bear com- parison with any work anywhere; while the spirit is something freer and more joyous than in most schools I have known outside of Russia. 700 Lectures Each Month Given by Moscow Educators MOSCOW, July 10.—About 700 lec- tures each month are put on in Mos- cow province by the Moscow Depart- ment of Political and Civic Education, Of these from 250-270 are given in the country districts with an average attendance of 300. Most popular are the mock trials, on marriage, illiter- by vivid dramatic discussions, never ita to area #qugund people. THE DAILY WORKER ROGUE'S GALLERY OF LABOR SPIES TOBE PUBLISHED Labor Defense Council Working on Book Finks and stool pigeons have long been a parasitical scourge of the la- bor movement. Large numbers of these insects will soon be exposed to the light of day in a pamphlet an- nounced for fall publication by the Labor Defense Council, 166 West Washington Street, Chicago. Their names an@ aliases will be set down in alphabetical order, their methods of work explained, their habits re- corded, their particular line of spy- ing catalogued, their life history set down in ugly detail, possible, their photographs duced. repro- Special “Sieuth.” The Labor Defense Council is spar- ing no effort to make its “Encyclope- dia of Labor Spies” as comprehensive as possible. Hundreds of communti- cations have been sent out to labor organizations all over the country. Moreover, information is coming in directly from numerous other reliable resources. Thurber Lewis, well-known in the labor movement of the Bast and Middle West, is in New York, acting as special representative of the editorial committee in sleuthing on the sleuths. In addition to the trade unions, an attempt is being made to get material from the Workers Party, I. W. W., So- cialist Party. Socialist Labor Party, Proletarian Party and other working class organizations. Some of these have already sent in biographies of finks infesting their organizations. Labor Leader Approves. How the organized workers of the | country look upon the action of the | tives were produced in May, as com- Labor Defense Council in undertaking to make the dope on labor spies avail- able to the movement, is shown by a letter which the council has received from J. P. Burke, president-secretary of the International Brotherhood of Pulp-Bulphite Mill Workers of the United States and Canada. Brother Burke: “Of course, our organization, like all others, has had to contend with labor spies. . I think a pamphlet such as you propose to pub- lish will be very helpful to the en- tire labor movement. I presume that many of the trade unions have the information you are looking for and no doubt, they will be only too glad to furnish you with it.” As an introduction to the biogra- phical material on labor spies, the La- bor Defense Council will publish a general summary, in which some use will be made of the depositions of the notorious “under cover” man Albert Bailin, in the case of William Z. Fos- ter, C. E. Ruthenberg and the thirty others indicted with them in Michi- gan, following the Burns-Daugherty raid on the convention of the Com: munist party in the summer of 1922. German Dramatist Of Revolution Set Free from Prison (Special to the Dally Worker.) . BERLIN, July 10.—Brnest Tollét/ German revolutionary dramatist, was released today after five years of im- prisonment at the Niederschonentfeld Fortress. Toller, who was a member of,the cabinet of the Bavarian red re- ‘public under Kurt Eisner, was sen- tenced for revolutionary activities at the age of 22. During his imprisonment Toller wrote a number of works of marked significance to the world of modern drama and literature. He became the leading figure in the new school of German drama as well as the fore- most literary exponent of the misery and the hopes of the down-trodden German proletariat. His plays, “Der Massenmensch,” “Die Magchinen- sturmer” and “Hinkemann,” were pro- duced by Max Reinhardt before packed houses and have been trans- lated into many languages. Send in that Subscription Today. (Federated Press it continues to exceed demand. 1919 level and 4214 per cent above May a year ago affording small hope for steady employ- ment in the immediate future. Denial to labor of the right to bene- fit by the increased productive ca- padity of machinery either in shorter hours or higher living standards, the figures show, is producing a situation | where a steady job will be the excep- and wherever |tion rather than the rule. jof labor to steady employment and The right the right of ownership to take in- creasing profits are proving incom- patible. Manufacturing Drops Sharply. Production of manufactured goods, according to the department of com- merce index, declined from 135 per cent of the 1919 level in May to 111 per cent in May, 1924. This sharp drop ws produced by reductions of 35 per cent in production in the textile industry, of 38 per cent in iron and steel, of 22 per cent in leather and of 24 per cent in the miscellaneous group of industries. In the cotton industry this meant a drop to 67% per cent of single shift capacity, as compared with 80 per cent of capacity in April and nearly 108 per cgnt of capacity in May, 1923. In the steel industry it meant less than 50 per cent of capacity. Produc- tion of passenger automobiles fell |from 348,356 in March to 279,439 in May, or more than 20 per cent under May, 1923, when 350,460 cars were produced. Only 111 railroad locomo- pared with 238 a year ago. Unsold Goods, Unfilled Orders. That industrial activity is not yet down to where consumption equals production is indicated not only by the increase in unsold goods in the hands of manufacturers, but in the continued decrease in unfilled orders. The amount of such orders, as report- ed to the department of commerce in May, was more than 50 per cent be- low 1920 and 46 per cent under May, 1923. The increase in unemployment and in part-time work is reported by the department of labor and by the lead- ing industrial states as tending to in- crease the depression by decreasing the amount of money wage earners put into circulation each week. This decrease in the ability to buy goods is reflected in the government statis- tics of wholesale and retail trade dur- ing May. Compared with May, 1923, wholesale business has fallen off 5 per cent, department store sales 1% per cent and mail order sales 9 per cent. The demand for dry goods, shoes and hardware as reflected in holesale business is off 13 per cent, per cent and 14% per cent, as compared with May, 1923. What Could Be Done. America’s labor force, operating its own productive plant steadily thruout a normal working year of eight-hour could produce vastly more goods than there is a market for with the people’s purchasing power what it is today. Successive periods of speculative investment in which the productive plant of the country is fur- ther increased afford the basis for pe- riodic booms, but also tend to make thé situation of the worker worse. Employment can be regularized by changing the emphasis trom produc- tion of capital to production of lei- sure and a good standard of living for all. Secretary Mellon’s econom- ies, which make increase of capital available to productive enterprise pri- mary rather than secondary, is out of date. U. 8. Cotton to Russia. UNCLE WIGGILY'S TRICKS has arrived in Murmansk from New York, bearing 19,000 bales of cotton, the largest single shipment of cotton sent out of New York. jthus proven successful; \fresh difficulties are MOSCOW, July 10—The ship Kursk }, LABOR’S UNDER CONSUMPTION CAUSING DEPRESSION WHICH SHUTS DOWN U. S. INDUSTRIES By LELAND OLDS Industrial Editor) Manu- Unsold stocks of goods at the end of the month had increased to a point 68 per cent above the —— Soviets On Sound Gold Basis; Boost Co-operatives Now| MOSCOW, May 28—~(By Mail).—Re-| porting to the conference of the Rus- sian Communistic party on internal commerce and the co-operative move- ment, Mr. Kamenev, acting president of the union council of people’s com- missaries, pointed out that the crisis of autumn, 1923, had now given place to a considerable development of the commercial exchange, which ought to|, be attributed to the currency reform. While the monetary circulation in the country was 117,000,000 gold rou- bles’ worth, it has now reached 445,- 000,000. The monetary reform has but, however, yet possible, which can be overcome by a further! lowering of industrial prices and the) strictest economy of state expendi- ture in all branches. Anyliow, the So- viet power will not revert to an infla- tion policy. The main task of the Soviet power) in regard to internal commerce, the speaker concluded, is to consolidate by| every means the co-operative move-| ment, to regulate the market and sup-| ply the rural population with cheap goods. It is by such measures that | the state co-operative capital will be| able to hold its ground against pri-| vate capital, which is preponderant in retail trade and whose conditions of) legal development must not otherwise be tampered with. More Flax Exported. MOSCOW, July 10.—The latest avail- able figures for the export of Russian flax show that 300,000 poods of flax were exported during the first half of the current season (October 1, 1923, to April 1, 1924), the bulk of it going to England. This is slightly under one- third of all the flax apportioned for export from the Union during ‘this season. Your Union Meeting SECOND FRIDAY, JULY 11, 1924. Name of Li og No. Place of Meetin: 237 Bakers and a joners, 3420 W. Roosevelt Road 122 Blacksmiths, 64th and S. Ashland Ave. 429 Boller Makers, 105th and Ave. M. 434 Boller Makers, 55th and Halsted. 533 Boller Makers, 62d and Halsted. Bullding ‘Trades Counctl, 180 W, ‘Washington Carpenters’ District Council, 505 8. State 2200 Carpenters, 4339 S. Halsted St. 14286 Commercial Portrait Artists, 19 W. Adams St 9 Electricians, 2901 W. Monroe St. 182 Electricians, 19 W. Adams St. 683 Engineers (Loc.), Madison and Sacramento. 845 Engineers, 180 W. Washington St. 674 Firemen and Enginemen, 542 Wentworth Ave. 45 Fur Workers, 17117 Gardeners and Florists, Village Hall, Morton Grove. 21 Garment Ne gy 175 W. Wash- ington St., 6 p. 84 Glass Workers,” ‘Emily and Marsh- field. 118 Hod Carriers, 1850 Sherman 8t., 7 Janitors, 166 W. Washington St. Evanston. Ladies’ Garment. Workers, Joint Board, 328 W. Van Buren St. 4 Litho m ome 639 S. Ashland Blvd. 118 Machini: 113 8. Ashland Blvd. 199 Machi 113 S. Ashland Bivd. 492 Machi 55th and Halsted Sts. 746 Machni 5S. E. cor. Lexington and Western. 1225 Machinists, 53d Pl. and Halsted. 6 Metal Polishers, 119 S. Throop 8t. 637 Painters, School and SheMeld Ave, 73 ~=Pattern Makers, 119 S. Throop St. 5 Photo Engravers, 814 W. Harrison St., 6:30 p. 310 K! ° Tajehingten "Bt. 563 5212 S. Halsted 612 Plumbers, 9251 8. Chicago a 297 Railway Carmen, 59th and Halsted 1268 Railway Carmen, Blue Island, Ill 1307 Railway Carmen, 52d and Robey. 863 Railway Cle 9S. Clinton St. 16857 Rope Splicers, 5608 Milwaukee Ave. 2 ee (Men), 315 Plymouth C Telegraphare, 0 O. R. T. Cort Club, Atlantic i Upholsterers, ‘9 N, a St. 30: ‘atchmen (Stock Yard: 3749 d St. 9 a. m. (Note: jess otherwise stated all meetings are at 8 p. m,) "Ho! Ho! Uncle Wiggily couldn't hit'a barn door!" A LAUGH FOR THE CHILDREN “Imade a hit call right! Now ALEX HOWAT NOT AFRAID OF DIGGING COAL The vicious circle into which productive workers have been| Recent Return to Pits led by the private ownership of capital is revealed by govern- ment statistics of business activity during recent months. facturing activity has been steadily throttled down until in May the rate of production was 18 per cent under May 1923 and yet | Shows His Manhood By THOMAS. ‘MYERSCOUGH. Coal mining, with its unpleasant |surroundings and dangers galore, is not the kind of calling that prompts those who follow it for a living, to wear a smile or any other kind of pleasantry, with which to show the | outside world that they are satisfied with the things that fall to their lot. The rewards that accrue to those who jengage in the digging of “Black Di- amonds,” are not the kind that have jever been known to draw to the in- jdustry men from other lines of en- | deavor, | Thus it is, that the recent return to the mines of Alexander Howat, to actually engage in the digging of coal, stamps him as an outstanding figure in the labor movement today and con- vinces his legion of admirers that their confidence in him was not mis- Placed. This is not the first time , that Howat has returned to the mine, |for when the attempt to fasten the "| bribe charges on him in 1910-14 was made, he went back to work in the mine and stayed there until he was vindicated by the courts and received a verict for $7,000. Others Sold Out. The history of the miners unfon fs replete with stories the very opposite |to Howat’s action in going back to the mine. Several presidents and | scores of lesser lights have gone to the operators as Commissioners or | Secretaries of Operators’ Associations or to some other position wherein |they could give to the operator, the |benefit of the knowledge gained at the expense of the coal miner. Dur- ing the very recent past, Howat has ‘been approached with an offer to re- move him from the hearts of those | who have made his reputation possi- | ble, but alluring and seemingly bright as the thing was pictured, he turned operator. ‘Howat would far rather retain his principle as a man, even tho it is accompanied by hardship, than to have a good job and be with- out a principle. Where, oh where are the others in the miners union who can place themselves in the same category? Howat Coming Back. But Howat is coming back and with a vengeance; Howat will be respected and revered by the miners and by all of the class-conscious workers, when the Gompers’, Lewis’ and Berry’s and the other whatnot's will be forgotten, except for the rotten things they have pulled against the class that hs made them possible. _|Success of Typo 44-Hour Week Move Ends Assessment INDIANAPOLIS, July 10.— Three years and three months after the In- ternational Typographical union be- §|)gan its successful fight for inaugurat- ing the 44 hour week in job print shops, the special assessment on earnings of all its union members at work is to be’ discontinued. The original assessment, beginning May 1, 1921, was 10 per cent, gradu- ally reduced, as the employing print- ers surrendered, to 1 per cent. Now the 1 per cent is lifted, effective July 5. “The 44 hour week has been estab- lished as the rule of the trade,” Pres- ident Charles P. Howard announces. “The international union must now turn its entire attention and resoure- es to winning establishments not at this time employing our members un- der contracts, the terms of which are mutually satisfactory. .The number of members now on the strike rolls is under 1000.” Soviets Abolishing Illiteracy. MOSCOW, July 10.— During 1923, g.| 19,712 centers were maintained for fighting illiteracy in Russia and have taught 505,000 persons. for runt’, sath ma |a deaf ear to the appeal of the coal.cry —_.